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PLATE  I. — Pittsburgh  Coal  Bed  passing  below  Bmgamon  creek  on  the  eastern  slope  of  the  Wolf  Summit  anticline, 

% mile  S.  W.  cf  Pine  Bluff. 


WEST  VIRGINIA 


GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


Doddridge  and  Harrison 
Counties. 


BY 

RAY  V.  HENNEN,  Assistant  Geologist. 


I.  C.  WHITE,  State  Geologist. 


Wheeling  News  Litho.  Co. 

WHEELING,  W.  VA. 

1912 


'-Vuy  ^ f 7t  <vX  , I Mr'J5  Z.T. 


^°V 

Nn^xA 


GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  COMMISSION. 


WILLIAM  E.  GLASSCOCK President 

GOVERNOR  OF  WEST  VIRGINIA. 

E.  L.  LONG .Vice  President 


TREASURER  OF  WEST  VIRGINIA. 


ARCHIBALD  MOORE Secretary 

PRESIDENT,  STATE  BOARD  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

THOMAS  E.  HODGES Treasurer 


PRESIDENT,  WEST  VIRGINIA  UNIVERSITY. 

E.  DWIGHT  SANDERSON ‘ Executive  Officer 

DIRECTOR,  STATE  AGRICULTURAL  EXPERIMENT  STATION. 


STATE  BOARD  OF  CONTROL. 

JAMES  S.  LAKIN President 

E.  B.  STEPHENSON.. 

JOHN  A.  SHEPPARD. 


Treasurer 


SCIENTIFIC  STAFF. 


I.  C.  WHITE State  Geologist 

SUPERINTENDENT  OF  THE  SURVEY. 

RAY  V.  HENNEN Assistant  Geologist 

CHARLES  E.  KREBS Assistant  Geologist 

DAVID  B.  REGER Field  Assistant 

D.  D.  TEFTS,  JR Field  Assistant 

BERT  H.  HITE Chief  Chemist 

JAN  B.  KRAK Assistant  Chemist 

EARL  M.  HENNEN Chief  Clerk 

JEN  KIN  L.  WILLIAMS Stenographer 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


To  His  Excellency , Hon.  William  E.  Glasscock,  Governor  of 

West  Virginia,  and  President  of  the  West  Virginia  Geo- 
logical Survey  Commission: 

Sir : I have  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith  the  Detailed 

Report  on  Doddridge  and  Harrison  counties,  prepared  by 
Assistant  Ray  V.  Hennen  and  his  Aid,  D.  B.  Reger.  The 
Report  and  accompanying  Geologic  map,  like  all  of  Mr.  Hennen’s 
and  Mr.  Reger’s  work,  speak  for  themselves  in  revealing  careful, 
accurate  and  painstaking  labor  with  the  data  collected,  so  set 
forth  and  presented  as  to  be  eminently  practical  and  generally 
useful  to  all  classes  of  the  citizens  of  these  two  counties.  The 
structural  map  showing  by  contours  on  the  Pittsburgh  coal  the 
several  arches  and  troughs,  or  wrinkles  in  the  earth’s  crust 
which  traverse  the  area  in  question,  will  prove  of  great  value 
not  only  to  those  interested  in  coal'  mining  operations,  but  also 
to  any  who  are  interested  in  oil  and  gas. 

Based  upon  these  structural  maps,  Mr.  Hennen’s  “sug- 
gestion s”  in  his  Wirt,  Calhoun  and  Roane  County  Report,  have 
aiteady  lee1  directly  to  the  discovery  of  a large,  new  oil  pool, 
and  his  “suggestions”  of  possible  new  oil  and  gas  pools  made 
in  this  Report  will  doubtless  lead  to  like  results.  The  western 
limit  of  the  famous  Pittsburgh  coal  when  it  fades  away  under- 
ground below  minable  thickness  is  continued  across  Doddridge 
county  from  where  Mr.  Hennen  had  previously  brought  it 
through  Wetzel  and  Tyler  counties,  as  indicated  on  the  geologic 
map,  and  should  be  carefully  studied  by  those  interested  in  coal 
aiong  this  critical  limit.  The  accuracy  of  this  line  is  much 
greater  on  this  larger  scale  map  than  it  was  possible  to  have  it  on 
the  general  State  map,  but,  of  course,  there  may  be  small  areas  of 
Pittsburgh  coal  even  westward  of  this  line  on  the  Doddridge- 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


vii 


Harrison  map  where  the  coal  in  question  may  have  commercial 
thickness,  but  these  areas  will  prove  extremely  limited  in  extent. 

The  excellent  soil  map  and  soil  studies  made  in  cooperation 
with  the  Bureau  of  Soils  by  the  experts  of  the  U.  S.  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture,  published  as  a portion  of  this  Report,  will 
piove  of  especial  value  to  the  agricultural  interests. 

Very  respectfully, 

I.  C.  WHITE,  State  Geologist. 

Morgantown,  W.  Ya.,  September  1st,  1912. 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 

Members  of  Geological  Survey  Commission  and  State  Board  of 

Control HI 

Members  of  Scientific  Staff V 

Letter  of  Transmittal VI 

Table  of  Contents VIII-XII 

Author’s  Preface XIII-XVI 

Errata  XVI 

PART  I.  HISTORY  AND  PHYSIOGRAPHY. 

Chapter  I. — Historical  and  Industrial  Development 1-32 

Location 1 

History  of  Transportation 1-5 

Water-ways  1-2 

West  Fork  River 1-2 

Steam  Railroads 2-3 

Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad 2-3 

Electric  Railroads 3-4 

Fairmont  and  Clarksburg  Traction  Company 3-4 

Highways  4-5 

Northwestern  Turnpike 4 

Clarksburg  and  Philippi  Turnpike 5 

Shinnston  and  Middlebourne  Turnpike.... 5 

General  Description 6-32 

Doddridge  County 6-10 

Miscellaneous  Items 6-8 

Towns  and  Industries 8-10 

Harrison  County 10-32 

Miscellaneous  Items 10-13 

Towns  and  Industries 13-32 

Chapter  II. — Physiography 33-47 

Physiographic  Changes 33-37 

Description  of  Drainage  Basins 37-46 

Topography  of  the  Land  Area 46-47 

PART  II.  GEOLOGY. 

Chapter  III. — Structure 48-66 

Introduction  48 

Method  of  Representing  Structure 49-50 

Table  of  Washington  Coal — Pittsburgh  Coal  Intervals 51 

Detailed  Geologic  Structure 53-66 

Anticlines  53-60 

Synclines  60-66 

Chapter  IV. — Stratigraphy — General  Sections 67-131 


CONTENTS. 


IX 


Page 

Introduction  67-69 

Doddridge  County  Sections 69-89 

Harrison  County  Sections 89-129 

Thickness  of  Stratified  Rocks 130-131 

Chapter  V. — Stratigraphy — The  Dunkard  Series 132-177 

General  Account  and  Section 132-136 

Doddridge  County  Sections 136-140 

Harrison  County  Sections 140-143 

Description  of  Formations 143-176 

Age  of  Series 177 

Chapter  VI. — Stratigraphy — The  Monongahela  Series 178-219 

General  Account  and  Section 178-179 

Sections  180-183 

Description  of  Formations 184-219 

Chapter  VII. — Stratigraphy — The  Conemaugh  Series.. 220-269 

General  Account  and  Section 220-221 

Sections  221-224 

Description  of  Formations 224-269 


PART  III.  MINERAL  RESOURCES. 


Chapter  VIII. — Petroleum  and  Natural  Gas 270-559 

Oil  and  Gas  Horizons 270-272 

Description  of  Sands 273-285 

Oil  and  Gas  Development,  Historical 285-287 

Doddridge  County  Well  Records 287-405 

Summarized  Records 287-303 

McClellan  District 304-326 

Grant  District 327-350 

West  Union  District 350-362 

Central  District 363-369 

Southwest  District 370-380 

Cove  District 381-386 

New  Milton  District 386-396 

Greenbrier  District 396-405 

Harrison  County  Well  Records 406-559 

Summarized  Records 406-426 

Sardis  District 426-451 

Ten  Mile  District 451-473 

Union  District 474-483 

Eagle  District 484-505 

Clay  District 505-522 

Coal  District 522-528 

Clark  District 528-530 

Simpson  District 531-538 

Grant  District 538-553 

Elk  District 554-559 

Chapter  IX.— Coal 560-640 

Statistics  of  Coal  Production 560-565 

Coals  of  the  Dunkard  Series 565-568 

Washington  Coal 565-568 

Coals  of  the  Monongahela  Series 568-617 

Uniontown  Coal 568-569 

Redstone  Coal 569-573 

Pittsburgh  Coal 573-617 


X 


CONTENTS. 


Page 

Country  Banks 573-577 

Commercial  Mines 577-617 

Coals  of  the  Conemaugh  Series 617-618 

Harlem  Coal 617-618 

Coals  of  the  Allegheny  Series 618-620 

Summary  of  Available  Coal 620-621 

Minable  Coals  by  Magisterial  Districts 621-632 

Doddridge  County 621-624 

Harrison  County 625-632 

Table  of  Coal  Analyses... 632-640 

Page  Reference  of  Mines. 641-642 

Chapter  X. — Clays,  Road  Materials,  Building  Stones,  Forests 

and  Carbon  Biack 643-660 

Clays  and  Clay  Industry 643-646 

Potteries  643-644 

Transported  Clays 644-646 

Brick  Plants. . . 646-650 

Road  Material 650-651 

Limestones  650 

River  and  Creek  Gravels 651 

Bui'ding  Stone 651-653 

Forests  653-655 

Carbon  Black  Industry 656-660 

Account  of  Factories 656-657 

Manufacture  of  Carbon  Black 657-660 

Chapter  XI. — Soil  Survey 661-695 

Climate  661-666 

Agriculture  666-671 

Soils  671-692 

Summary  692-695 

Appendix. — Levels  Above  Mean  Tide. 696-697 

Grafton  and  Parkersburg  Branch  of  B.  & O.  R.  R 696 

Monongahela  River  Branch  of  B.  & O.  R.  R 696 

W.  Va.  and  Pittsburgh  Branch  of  B.  & O.  R.  R 697 

W.  Va.  Shortline  Branch  of  B.  & O.  R.  R 697 

Index  698 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Maps  in  Atlas  (under  separate  cover). 

Topographical  Map  of  the  Doddridge-Harrison  Area. 

Map  Showing  Economic  Geology  and  Structure  Contours  of  Pitts- 
burgh Coal. 

Soil  Map  of  the  Doddridge-Harrison  Area. 

Plates.  Facing 

No.  Page 


1. — Pittsburgh  Coal  Bed  Passing  Below  Bingamon  Creek  on  the 
Eastern  Slope  of  the  Wolf  Summit  AnticMne,  % mile  South- 
west of  Pine  Bluff Frontispiece 

11(a). — Hand  ing  Pipe  at  To^gate  for  a Large  Natural  Gas  Line 

for  this  Region 8 

11(b). — Same.  Also  Topography  of  the  Dunkard  Series 8 

III  (a). — Topography  of  the  Monongahela  Series  at  Reynoldsville, 

Harrison  County 86 

111(b)— Same  Slightly  Farther  East 36 

IV.  — Wide  Valley  Eroded  by  Hackers  Creek,  1 Mile  Above  its 

Mouth  (See  description  of  stream).  Here  the  valley  walls 
are  in  the  Conemaugh  Series 44 

V.  — Lower  Pittsburgh  Sandstone  Cropping  Along  Road  Leading 

Down  Bingamon  Creek,  1 Mde  Eastward  from  Peora 64 

VI.  — Lower  Pittsburgh  Sandstone  and  Pittsburgh  Limestones 

Cropping  Along  the  W.  Va.  Short  Line  Railroad  grade,  2 
Miles  North  of  Clarksburg 224 

VII.  — Quarry  Near  the  Summit  of  Hill  at  Byron,  Harrison  County, 

in  Connellsvi’le  Sandstone .' 230 

VIII. — Effect  of  Shot  on  a Fifty-foot  Sand  Oil  Well  in  Shinnston 

Pool— Hartley  Heirs  No.  1 Well 278 

IX.  — Stout  Oil  Field  and  Farm  on  which  First  WeT  was  Drilled. 

Another  view  of  the  Topography  of  the  Dunkard  Series 320 

X(a). — Greenbrier  Oil  Field  and  Topography  of  the  Dunkard 

Series 368 

X(b). — Same  as  above 368 

XI.  — Another  View  of  the  Stout  Oil  Field  and  Topography  of  the 

Dunkard  Series 400 

XII.  — View  of  the  Shinnston  Oil  Field  on  a Branch  of  Mudlick 

Run,  and  the  Topography  of  the  Monongahela  Series 432 

XIII.  — Shinnston  Oil  Fie'd  on  Coons  Run.  Topography  of  Monon- 

gahela Series  in  Background,  and  Conemaugh  Series  in 
Immediate  Foreground 448 

XIV.  — Famous  Swiger  Oil  Well  (618),  Represented  by  Derrick 
near  Middle  of  Sky-line.  The  Steel-tube  Derrick  on  the  Left 

is  the  Great  Whiteman  No.  2 Well  (619) 464 

XV.  — View  Looking  North  from  Adamsville,  Showing  Proximity 

of  Oil  Wells  on  Coons  Run,  and  Topography  of  Monongahela 
Series  480 


Xll 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Facing 

Page 


XVI.  — Effect  of  Shot  on  the  Paugh  Gas  Well  (704)  in  Fifth  Sand, 

Located  2 Miles  Southeast  of  Byron.  Dry  Sand  Loosened  by 
Shot  is  Being  Blown  Out  with  the  Gas 490 

XVII.  — Steel-tube  Derrick  Used  by  the  South  Penn  Oil  Co. — Mc- 

Intyre We'.l  (356),  2y2  Miles  South  from  Rinehart — and  Dun- 
kard  Series  Topography; 512 

XVIII. — View  Showing  Tipple  and  Coke  -Ovens  of  the  Byron  Mine 

of  the  Hutchinson  Coal  Company — No.  80  on  Map 576 

XIX.  — Plant  and  Town  at  the  Pinnickinnick  (No.  25)  Mine  of 
the  Consolidation  Coal  Co.  near  Clarksburg — No.  65  on  Map. 

Also  Topography  of  the  Monongahela  Series 592 

XX.  — Steel  Tipple  at  the  Owings  (No.  32)  Mine  of  the  Consolida- 

tion Coal  Co.,  2.5  Miles  Southeast  of  Shinnston — No.  25  on 
Map — Also  Topography  of  the  Monongahela  Series 608 

XXI.  — Plant  and  Town  of  the  Enterprise  (No.  49)  Mine  of  the 

Consolidation  Coal  Co.  at  Enterprise — No.  13  on  Map — Also 
Topography  of  the  Monongahela  Series 624 

XXII.  — High  Grade  Brick  Company  Pit,  Showing  Coal,  Clay,  and 

Shale,  Clarksburg 644 

XXIII. — Jackson  Quarry  in  Arnoldsburg  Sandstone  at  Clarksburg, 

Harrison  County 648 

XXIV. — Fred  Flowers  Quarry  in  Lower  Sewickley  Sandstone, 
near  Gore,  2 Miles  North  of  Clarksburg.  (See  Gore  Section) . . 652 

XXV(a). — Wagner  Quarry  in  Connellsville  Sandstone,  near  Byron, 

Harrison  County 658 

XXV(b). — Smith  Quarry  in  ConneJlsville  Sandstone,  near  Byron, 

Harrison  County 658 

Figures. 

1.  Map  Showing  County  Reports  Published  and  Under  Prepara- 
tion, also  New  Topographic  Quadrangles XIV 

2.  Map  Showing  Location  of  the  Doddridge-Harrison  Area XIV 

3.  Diagram  Showing  the  Relative  Position  of  the  Coals  in  the 

Doddridge-Harrison  Area 566 

4.  Showing  Approximate  Area  of  Available  Redstone  Coal  in  the 

Doddridge-Harrison  Area 570 

5.  Showing  Approximate  Area  of  Available  Pittsburgh  Coal  in 

the  Doddridge-Harrison  Area 574 


AUTHOR’S  PREFACE. 


As  with  other  similar  reports  prepared  by  the  writer,  the 
mam  purpose  has  been  to  emphasize  the  most  prominent  features 
of  the  geology  of  Doddridge  and  Harrison  counties,  and  to  state 
the  facts  so  that  they  can  be  easily  understood  both  by  the  resi- 
dents of  the  area  and  State  and  geologists  in  general,  without 
conflicting  with  scientific  truths. 

The  ultimate  purpose  of  this  report  is  to  assemble  the 
present  knowledge,  including  a large  amount  of  unpublished 
data  collected  by  the  writer,  his  assistant  and  others  in  the  field, 
not  only  of  the  general  geology  of  the  two  counties,  but  a brief 
history  of  their  settlement  and  growth,  along  with  a description 
of  their  physiography  and  economic  resources  in  the  way  of 
minerals  and  soils,  and  to  present  the  facts  in  a form  convenient 
to  those  who  are  interested  in  their  study  either  for  scientific 
purposes  or  development. 

The  report  gives  (1)  a brief  history  of  the  counties  and 
tneir  development;  (2)  a study  of  their  drainage  systems  and 
other  surface  features;  (3)  the  geologic  structure  with  a con- 
tour map  of  the  top  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal;  (4)  four  chapters  on 
their  general  geology  and  detailed  stratigraphy,  with  a map 
showing  the  outcrop  of  the  different  divisions  of  the  rock 
column,  according  to  the  generally  accepted  classification  of 
American  geologists;  (5)  a description  of  the  oil  and  gas  fields 
therein,  with  suggestions  for  their  future  development,  along 
with  a map  showing  the  accurate  location  of  the  oil  and  gas 
wells  and  dry  holes;  (6)  their  minable  coals,  with  a table  show- 
ing the  chemical  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  and 
with  a summary  exhibiting  the  approximate  available  tonnage 
in  both  counties;  (7)  their  clays,  road  materia],  building  stones, 
forests,  and  carbon  black  industry  of  both  counties;  (8)  a chap- 
ter on  the  soil  and  its  products  wfith  suggestions  for  increasing 
the  soil  fertility;  and  (9)  an  appendix  showing  railroad  levels 
therein. 


Figure  2. 


XV 


author's  preface. 

Special  attention  is  called  to  the  structure  map  accompanying 
• his  report,  whereon  are  shown  by  means  of  contour  lines  the 
tidal  elevation  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  horizon  at  all  points  of  the 
area.  These  contour  lines,  separated  by  25  feet  in  elevation, 
exhibit  at  a glance  the  approximate  position  of  the  horizon  of 
this  great  coal  bed,  the  shape  and  location  of  the  anticlines  and 
synclines,  and  the  direction  of  the  dip  and  strike  of  the  rock 
si/afa  at  any  point,  a knowledge  of  which  is  of  great  value  not 
only  for  the  further  development  of  the  oil  and  gas  pools 
therein,  but  also  for  the  future  mining  of  the  several  coal  seams 
where  the  latter  are  of  minable  thickness,  purity  and  regularity. 
Special  attention  is  also  called  to  the  several  areas  outlined  by 
the  writer  as  ‘‘Prospective  Oil  and  Gas  Territory/’  and  page 
rtfciences  in  the  Index  under  this  heading  by  magisterial  dis- 
tricts. 

The  chapters  on  the  general  geology  and  detailed  strati- 
giaphy,  though  quite  technical,  give  a large  fund  of  data  about 
the  formations  of  the  Dunkard,  Monongahela  and  Conemaugh 
sc  i ics  of  the  Upper  Carboniferous  group  of  rocks.  Therein 
many  errors  of  correlation  in  former  State  reports  are  corrected, 
the  writa  ever  keeping  in  mind  the  general  and  accepted  classi- 
fication of  the  rock  strata  which  permits  comparison  with  the 
formations  in  other  portions  of  West  Virginia,  and  in  other 
Siates.  Attention  is  called  to  the  paper  in  Chapter  VII  on  the 
“fossil  Fauna’’  of  the  Ames  limestones  in  Harrison  county  by 
J.  W.  Becde  of  the  University  of  Indiana. 

The  chapter  on  coal  gives  the  thickness,  character  and 
general  distribution  of  the  several  minable  beds,  along  with  an 
approximate  estimate  of  the  available  area  and  tonnage  of  each 
vein  with  a final  summary  of  the  total  available  coal  for  both 
counties.  The  commercial  mines  are  referred  to  in  the  table  of 
analyses  therein  by  serial  numbers,  the  same  corresponding  to 
numbers  assigned  to  the  symbol  designating  the  accurate  location 
of  the  mine  on  the  map  referred  to  above. 

Chapter  X gives  a description  of  the  clays  and  the  clay 
industry,  road  materials,  building  stone,  forests,  and  carbon 
black  industry,  along  with  an  interesting  paper  by  Godfrey  L. 
Cabot,  Boston,  Mass.,  on  the  history  and  development  of  the 
latter  industry. 


XVI 


author’s  preface. 


The  final  chapter  on  the  soil  and  its  products,  prepared  by 
Charles  N.  Mooney  and  W.  J.  Latimer,  of  the  Bureau  of  Soils 
of  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  both  well  trained  and  versed 
in  their  profession,  cannot  fail  to  interest  the  progressive  farm- 
eis  therein. 

Three  maps  of  the  entire  area  accompany  this  report  in  a 
separate  cover,  one  of  which  shows  by  appropriate  symbols  the 
character  of  the  surface,  the  roads,  streams,  railroads,  etc. ; 
another,  by  the  same  means,  the  general  and  economic  geology, 
w'lth  several  items  of  special  economic  interest;  and  the  third,  in 
a similar  way,  the  character,  classification  and  distribution  of  the 
soils. 

The  writer  and  his  assistant,  David  B.  Reger,  spent  the  field 
season  of  1910  in  gathering  data  for  this  volume,  and  opportu- 
nity is  here  taken  to  mention  that  the  accurate,  painstaking  and 
faithful  discharge  of  all  duties  assigned  to  Mr.  Reger,  both  in 
the  office  and  in  the  field,  has  been  of  great  assistance  in  the 
completion  of  this  report. 

Much  valuable  aid  and  assistance  was  given  by  residents  of 
the  area,  as  well  as  by  officials  of  the  several  companies  engaged 
in  the  development  of  the  oil,  gas  and  coal  fields  therein.  Due 
credit  and  acknowledgment  have  been  given  in  the  text  for  all 
such  data  obtained. 

The  chemical  analyses  and  heat  determinations  were  made  in 
the  Survey  laboratory  by  Jan  B.  Krak,  Assistant  Chemist,  unde1* 
the  supervision  of  B.  H.  Hite,  Chief  Chemist. 

The  waiter  also  takes  opportunity  to  express  his  obligations 
to  I.  C.  White,  State  Geologist,  whose  writings  and  suggestions 
have  added  greatly  to  the  value  of  the  report. 

RAY  V.  HENNEN. 

Morgantown,  W.  Va.,  April  19,  1912. 


ERRATA. 

Page  7,  population  given  for  Grant  district  should  be  for  Greenbrier, 
and  that  for  Grant  was  in  1910,  2067;  in  1900,  2150;  and  in  1890,  2067. 
Totals  for  county  are  correct. 

Page  69,  line  9 from  top,  for  “Carboniferous”,  read  Corniferous. 

Page  250,  line  4 from  top,  for  “Orten”,  read  Orton. 

Page  298,  the  wrong  record  is  tabulated  under  No.  224. 

Page  434,  under  No.  342,  “L.  E.  Bennett  No.  1”  should  read  L.  E. 
Bartlett  No.  1. 


PART  I. 


The  History  and  Physiography  of 
the  Doddridge-Harrison  Area 


CHAPTER  I. 

THE  HISTORICAL  AND  INDUSTRIAL 
DEVELOPMENT. 


LOCATION  AND  HISTORY. 

The  portion  of  the  State  of  West  Virginia  discussed  in 
detail  in  this  report,  includes  the  area  lying  25  miles  north 
of  the  geographical  center  of  the  State,  as  represented  by 
Doddridge  and  Harrison  counties.  It  lies  between  the  paral- 
lels of  39°  00'  and  39°  30'  North  latitude,  and  the  meridians 
80°  00'  and  81°  00'  West  longitude  from  Greenwich.  The 
two  counties  include  an  area  of  739.46  square  miles  as  fol- 
lows: Doddridge,  321.61;  and  Harrison,  417.85  square  miles. 

HISTORY  OF  TRANSPORTATION. 

Water  Ways. 

West  Fork  River. — The  West  Fork  of  the  Monongahela 
river  and  its  tributaries  within  the  area  under  discussion  were 
used  in  the  early  days  in  transporting  timber  in  log  form  to 


2 


HISTORICAL  AND  INDUSTRIAL  DEVELOPMENT. 


the  accessible  mills  along  their  banks.  The  river  has  no 
locks  and  dams  above  Fairmont,  W.  Va.,  hence  it  is  too 
shallow  during  a great  portion  of  the  year  to  be  navigable  for 
boats  of  sufficient  size  to  carry  passengers  and  freight  on  a 
commercial  scale. 


Steam  Railroads. 

Baltimore  & Ohio  (Southwest)  Railroad. — This  railroad 
(B.  & O.)  was  one  among  the  first  built  in  the  United  States, 
and  its  Parkersburg  Branch  was  completed  in  the  year  1857. 
It  crosses  both  counties  in  an  east  and  west  direction,  divid- 
ing them  into  two  nearly  equal  parts.  It  is  the  main  line  for 
through  trains  for  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  system  between 
New  York  and  St.  Louis,  and  for  this  reason  has  both  a large 
freight  and  passenger  traffic.  The  road  is  also  one  of  the 
main  outlets  for  the  immense  tonnage  of  coal  mined  from 
the  Pittsburgh  bed  in  Harrison  county. 

W.  Va.  & Pittsburgh  Branch — B.  & O.  R.  R. — This 
branch  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  was  commenced 
in  1879  by  Hon.  J.  N.  Camden  and  completed  in  1890.  It 
is  now  121  miles  in  length  and  extends  from  Clarksburg 
southward  to  Richwood  in  southeastern  Nicholas  county. 
The  road  was  sold  by  Mr.  Camden  to  its  present  owners  in 
1899.  From.  Clarksburg  it  follows  along  the  east  bank  of 
the  Monongahela  river  south  to  the  Lynch  mines  at  the 
mouth  of  Browns  creek,  and  thence  up  the  latter  stream  to 
its  head ; thence  southwest  along  a branch  of  Lost  creek, 
Bonds  run,  McKinney  run  and  Maxwell  run  to  the  river 
again  one  mile  and  a half  north  of  Weston,  15p2  miles  of  the 
line  being  in  Harrison  county,  This  railroad  is  the  main 
outlet  for  the  great  timber  regions  of  Nicholas,  Webster,  and 
Braxton  counties,  as  well  as  for  the  several  coal  mines  of 
Harrison  county  south  of  Clarksburg. 

Monongahela  River  Branch — B.  & O.  R.  R. — This  branch 
of  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad  System  was  built  in  the 
year  1890  by  Hon.  J.  N.  Camden  and  later  (1900)  sold  to  its 
present  owners.  It  is  32.1  miles  in  length  and  extends  from 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


3 


Fairmont  to  Clarksburg.  In  Harrison  county  it  follows  along 
the  east  bank  of  the  Monongahela  river,  from  which  stream 
it  has  received  its  name.  It  has  an  immense  freight  traffic 
from  the  several  mines  in  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed  along  both 
sides  of  the  river. 

W.  Va.  Short  Line  Branch — B.  & O.  R.  R. — This  branch 
of  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad  extends  northwest  from 
Clarksburg,  across  Harrison  and  Wetzel  counties  to  the  Ohio 
river  at  New  Martinsville  for  a distance  of  59.6  miles,  and 
leaves  the  boundaries  of  Harrison  county  23.5  miles  north- 
west from  Clarksburg.  The  construction  of  this  road  was 
begun  about  1900  and  finished  in  1902  by  H.  H.  Rogers  of 
New  York  City  and  Prof.  T.  M.  Jackson  of  Clarksburg,  W. 
Va.  It  was  sold  to  its  present  owners  in  1902,  and  is  a very 
important  connecting  link,  aiding  very  much  in  the  develop- 
ment of  the  oil  and  gas  fields  of  northwestern  Harrison  and 
southeastern  and  central  Wetzel  counties.  It  will  also  play 
a very  important  part  in  the  future  development  of  the  coal 
fields  of  northwestern  Harrison  county. 

Electric  Railroads. 

In  addition  to  the  above  mentioned  railroads  on  which 
steam  is  used  as  the  motive  power,  there  are  three  other 
railroads  on  which  electricity  is  used  for  traction  purposes. 
The  most  important  of  these  is  the  one  extending  mostly 
along  the  west  bank  of  the  Monongahela  river  between 
Clarksburg  and  Fairmont,  leaving  the  west  bank  of  this 
stream  only  at  two  or  three  points  to  cut  off  wide  bends  of 
the  river.  This  road  has  a very,  heavy  passenger  traffic,  and 
is  owned  by  the  Fairmont  and  Clarksburg  Traction  Com- 
pany. 

Another  electric  railroad  owned  by  the  same  Company 
runs  from  Clarksburg  westward  to  Wilsonburg  for  a dis- 
tance of  3.5  miles,  while  another  runs  eastward  from  the 
former  place  via  Industrial  to  Bridgeport,  a distance  of  5 to 
6 miles. 

A fourth  electric  railroad  owned  by  this  Company  is  now 


4 


HISTORICAL  AND  INDUSTRIAL  DEVELOPMENT. 


building  southwest  from  Clarksburg  to  West  Milford  in 
Harrison  county  with  Weston  as  its  future  terminus.  A 
trolley  line  is  also  contemplated  between  Clarksburg  and 
Sistersville  via  Sedalia,  Shirley  and  Middlebourne.  All  these 
trolley  lines  contribute  very  much  to  the  general  growth  and 
prosperity  not  only  of  the  city  of  Clarksburg,  but  also  of  the 
farming  regions  which  they  traverse. 

Highways. 


In  the  early  history  of  Doddridge  and  Harrison  counties 
the  value  of  good  roads  was  appreciated  to  a greater  degree 
than  at  the  present  time.  This  condition  has  largely  been 
caused  by  the  change  from  the  old  stage  coach  and  freighters 
to  the  steam  railroad  and  electric  trolley  lines.  However,  the 
advent  of  the  automobile  has  rapidly  reawakened  a new  in- 
terest in  public  highways  and  their  needs. 

Northwestern  Turnpike. — The  Northwestern  turnpike 
crosses  the  two  counties  in  an  east  and  west  direction  via 
Tollgate,  Greenwood,  West  Union,  Smithton,  Morgansville, 
Salem,  Bristol,  Wolf  Summit,  Wilsonburg,  Adamston,  Clarks- 
burg, Bridgeport,  Pruntytown  and  Grafton.  In  the  History 
of  Harrison  County,  page  252,  Henry  Haymond  has  the 
following  to-  say  concerning  the  construction  and  early 
operation  of  this  road : 

“In  1827  a charter  was  granted  to  the  Northwestern  Turnpike 
Company  to  construct  a turnpike  road  from  Winchester  to  Parkers- 
burg by  the  way  of  Romney  and  Clarksburg,  the  State  being  a large 
stockholder. 

“In  1831  the  State  practically  assumed  charge  of  the  construction 
of  the  road  which  reached  Clarksburg  in  1836,  and  where  it  passes 
through  the  town  is  still  known  as  Pike  Street. 

“The  chief  engineer  of  the  road  was  Colonel  Claudius  Crozet,  a 
French  engineer  who  was  said  to  have  been  a soldier  in  the  wars 
of  Napoleon.  He  was  assisted  by  Charles  B.  Shaw. 

“In  1848  the  State  appropriated  $60,000.00  for  macadamizing  the 
road  from  the  Valley  River  to  Parkersburg. 

“The  distance  from  Winchester  to  Parkersburg  is  given  at  236% 
miles,  of  which  8%  miles  was  in  Maryland.  The  cost  of  construction 
was  given  at  $400,000.00. 

“The  building  of  this  road  was  looked  forward  to  with  che 
highest  anticipation  by  the  people  living  along  its  course,  as  it  gave 
them  a much  better  outlet  to  the  east  than  they  had  ever  had  before. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


5 


“Stage  lines  were  put  on,  tavern  stands  opened,  mails  were 
carried,  and  connections  made  at  Parkersburg  with  steamboats. 

* * * * * 

“The  Clarksburg  merchants  rode  on  horseback  to  Baltimore 
generally  making  the  trip  in  six  days.  Wagons  hauling  4000  pounds 
of  goods  were  about  fifteen  days  on  the  road  from  Baltimore,  the 
bills  of  lading  allowing  20  days  for  the  trip.  The  round  trip  from 
Clarksburg  to  Baltimore  was  considered  to  require  30  days.  Freight 
rates  were  from  2 y2  to  3 cents  per  pe*und.  ***** 

“The  driver  of  the  stage  coach  was  an  important  personage  along 
the  road,  and  the  arival  of  the  coach  at  a town  always  caused  a crowd 
to  assemble  to  view  the  passengers  and  hear  the  news.  ***** 
“Along  the  line  of  these  roads  there  was  considerable  opposition 
to  the  building  of  railroads,  the  argument  being  used  that  the  railroad 
would  carry  all  the  passengers  and  live  stock,  which  would  close  all 
the  taverns  and  that  there  would  be  no  market  for  provisions  or 
grain.” 

During  the  summer  of  1911  this  old  turnpike  was  being 
macadamized  over  again  between  Clarksburg  and  Salem. 

Clarksburg  & Philippi  Turnpike. — The  Clarksburg  & 
Philippi  turnpike  extends  southward  from  Clarksburg  to 
Philippi  in  Barbour  county  via  Grassland.  It  is  only  a dirt 
road.  Its  construction  was  authorized  by  the  State  of  Vir- 
ginia on-  March  13,  1849,  with  an  appropriation  of  $6,000  for 
that  purpose,  of  which  $5446.25  was  expended,  according  to 
C.  W.  May  in  Vol.  I,  Record  of  Suit,  Virginia  vs.  West 
Virginia,  page  479. 

Shinnston  & Middlebourne  Turnpike — This  road  ex- 
tends from  Shinnston  westward  across  Harrison  and  Dodd- 
ridge counties  via  Lumberport,  Dola,  Wallace,  and  Rinehart. 
It  is  also  only  a dirt  road  and  becomes  almost  impassable 
during  the  winter  months  due  to  the  heavy  haulage  incident 
to  the  development  of  the  oil  and  gas  fields  in  this  region. 

The  two  counties  are  traversed  by  many  other  highways 
other  than  those  mentioned  above,  nearly  all  of  which  are 
merely  dirt  roads. 


6 


HISTORICAL  AND  INDUSTRIAL  DEVELOPMENT. 


GENERAL  DESCRIPTION. 
DODDRIDGE  COUNTY. 


Doddridge  county  lies  immediately  west  of  Harrison 
county,  and  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Wetzel  and  Tyler; 
on  the  west  by  Tyler  and  Ritchie;  and  on  the  south  by 
Ritchie,  Gilmer  and  Lewis. 

Its  area  given  by  districts  as  computed  from  the  accurate 
topographic  sheets  of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  is  as 
follows : 


Districts. 

McClellan  .. 

Grant  

West  Union 
Central 
Southwest  . 

Cove  

New  Milton 
Greenbrier  . 


Sq.  Miles. 
...  62 . 519 
. . . 44.85 
...  46.98 
...  27.80 
...  30.79 
...  25.68 
...  49.23 
. . . 33.29 


Total 


321.61 


The  general  surface  of  the  county  varies  in  elevation  from 
725  feet  above  tide  near  the  mouth  of 'Arnolds  creek,  4.5 
miles  northwest  from  West  Union,  to  1600  feet  above  tide 
at  the  summit  of  a high  knob  on  the  Doddridge-Harrison 
county  line,  2 miles  S 60°  E from  Sedalia  P.  O.,  a range  in 
elevation  of  875  feet. 

The  population  in  1900  was  13,689  of  which  13,663  were 
white,  25  colored,  and  129  foreign  born.  The  census  of  1910 
gives  the  population  as  12,672,  or  a loss  of  1017.  This  de- 
crease in  population  in  the  county  is  no  doubt  due  to  the 
fact  that  Doddridge  is  strictly  an  agricultural  region  with  no 
coal  mines  and  other  large  public  works  to  hold  the  farmer 
boys  of  the  region  at  home.  Again  it  has  finally  been  ascer- 
tained that  her  steep  hillsides  are  better  adapted  to  grazing 
than  to  tillage,  hence  there  is  not  the  demand  for  labor  as 
formerly.  It  is  also  true  that  a grazing  region  will  not  support 
as  large  a population  as  one  adapted  to  tillage. 

The  following  table  shows  the  changes  in  the  population 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


7 


of  Doddridge  county  by  districts  during  the  last  20  years  as 
given  by  the  census  of  1910 : 


Districts. 

1910 

Population. 

1900 

1890 

Central  

1294 

1383 

Cove  

609 

843 

.... 

Grant  

2067 

2150 

2067 

McClellan  

1398 

1696 

1655 

New  Milton  

1295 

1588 

1592 

Southwest  

669 

943 

1492 

West  Union  

2659 

2095 

1724 

Totals 

12672 

13689 

12183 

Doddridge  county  began  its  existence,  according  to  V.  A. 
Lewis1,  on  February  4,  1845,  having  been  formed  by  legis- 
lative enactment  from  parts  of  Harrison,  Tyler,  Ritchie  and 
Lewis,  and  named  in  honor  of  Philip  Doddridge,  a distin- 
guished lawyer  of  Brooke  county,  Virginia,  in  the  early  part 
of  the  19th  century.  The  act  creating  the  county  fixed  the 
county  seat  at  West  Union. 

The  farmers  of  this  portion  of  the  State  are  engaged  in 
raising  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  potatoes,  garden  vegetables, 
apples,  beef  cattle,  sheep  and  poultry.  Since  the  year  1892 
the  county  has  produced  large  quantities  of  petroleum  and 
natural  gas,  and  for  this  reason  a large  number  of  its  farm 
owners  have  enjoyed  an  annual  rental  of  $1.00  and  upwards 
an  acre  until  drilling  either  stopped  the  same  or  increased  it 
in  another  form  from  the  sale  of  these  products. 

The  quality  and  character  of  the  soil  as  well  as  its 
products  will  be  discussed  in  another  chapter  of  this  report, 
as  also  the  mineral  wealth  in  the  line  of  coal,  oil,  and  gas. 

The  State  Auditor  gives  the  following  property  valuations 
for  Doddridge  county  for  the  year  1910 : 


Assessed  State  State  Road 

Valuation.  Tax.  Tax. 

Real  Estate $ 7,362,058.00  $3312.93  $ 736.21 

Personal  Property 3,230,073.00  1453.53  323.01 


Totals $10,592,131.00  $4766.46  $1059.22 


1.  History  of  West  Va.,  page  685;  1889. 


8 HISTORICAL  AND  INDUSTRIAL  DEVELOPMENT. 

No  State  tax  is  assessed  for  school  purposes,  since  each 
magisterial  district  makes  its  own  assessment  for  main- 
tenance of  schools,  both  teachers’  and  building  fund. 

The  total  assessed  valuation  for  all  kinds  of  property  for 
the  year  1910  is  only  about  one-fifth  that  for  Harrison  county. 
The  January  1911  session  of  the  State  Legislature  abolished 
the  special  State  Road  tax. 

Several  small  towns  are  scattered  over  the  county,  the 
most  important  of  which  are  located  along  the  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  Railroad.  It  is  also  well  supplied  with  churches  and 
public  schools.  The  most  important  towns  are  West  Union, 
Centerpoint,  Central  Station,  Smithton,  Morgansville,  Green- 
wood, New  Milton  and  Big  Isaac. 

West  Union. 

West  Union,  the  county  seat  and  largest  town  in  the 
county,  is  located  along  Middle  Island  Creek  on  the  Balti- 
more & Ohio  Railroad.  According  to  Lewis2  the  town  was 
incorporated  by  an  act  of  the  Assembly  of  Virginia  on  March 
14,  1850.  By  the  act  creating  the  county  it  was  made  the 
county  seat,  and  the  first  court  was  required  to  be  held  at  the 
house  of  Nathan  Davis  at  that  place. 

The  population  of  the  town  in  1900  was  623,  but  the  cen- 
sus of  1910  reports  it  as  779,  or  a gain  in  the  last  decade  of 
25  per  cent. 

Ideal  Window  Glass  Company. — This  company  manufac- 
tures hand  blown  window  glass.  The  plant  is  located  a short 
distance  east  from  West  Union  along  the  railroad,  and  was 
established  in  1906.  It  has  a 24  blower  tank  and  employs 
125  men,  giving  it  a capacity  of  about  1500  boxes  a week. 
Mr.  C.  P.  Zenor  is  Manager,  and  the  head  office  is  located  at 
West  Union. 

Central  Station. 

Central  Station,  the  second  town  of  importance  in  Dodd- 
ridge county,  is  located  in  the  western  portion  of  the  latter 


2.  History  of  West  Va.,  page  686;  1889. 


PLATE  II  (a). — Handling  Pipe  at  Tollgate  for  a large  natural  gas 
line  for  this  region. 


PLATE  II  (b). — Same.  Also  Topography  of  the  Dunkard  series. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


9 


area,  2^  miles  west  from  West  Union,  and  is  so  named  for  the 
reason  that  it  is  situated  near  the  midway  point  of  the 
Grafton-Parkersburg  division  of  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Rail- 
road. Nearly  all  trains  stop  there  for  water.  In  1900  it  had 
a population  of  279,  largely  employees  of  the  railroad.  The 
census  of  1910  gives  it  only  200. 

• Morgansville. 

Morgansville,  the  third  town  of  importance  in  the  county, 
is  located  just  east  from  the  mouth  of  Morgan  run  of  Buckeye 
creek  on  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad,  6 miles  east  from 
West  Union.  It  is  located  near  the  crest  of  the  Arches  fork 
anticline,  and  for  that  reason  is  in  the  midst  of  a great  gas 
field.  In  1900  its  population  was  209.  The  census  of  1910 
gives  it  265. 

Centerpoint. 

Centerpoint  is  a small  town  located  in  the  northern  por- 
tion of  Doddridge  county  on  the  waters  of  McElroy  creek, 
between  the  mouths  of  Pike  and  Talkington  forks.  In  1900 
it  had  a population  of  189,  but  the  census  of  1910  gives  it 
195.  In  the  early  days  of  the  oil  development  immediately 
to  the  northwest  it  was  quite  a thriving  little  village.  It  is 
the  fourth  town  in  size  in  the  county. 

Smithton. 

Smithton  is  located  on  the  north  bank  of  Middle  Island 
creek,  one-third  mile  northwest  from  the  mouth  of  Buckeye 
creek,  on  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad.  It  is  surrounded 
by  the  same  great  gas  field  as  Morgansville,  but  is  located  one 
mile  and  a half  northwest  from  the  crest  of  the  Arches  Fork 
anticline.  In  1900  its  population  was  110.  The  census  of  1910 
gives  it  201. 


IO  HISTORICAL  AND  INDUSTRIAL  DEVELOPMENT. 

Greenwood. 

Greenwood  is  located  in  the  extreme  western  portion  of 
Doddridge  county  on  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad.  Its 
population  in  1900  was  109.  The  census  of  1910  gives  it  131. 

New  Milton. 

New  Milton  is  a small  rural  village  located  near  the 
central  portion  of  the  county,  7 miles  southeast  from  West 
Union,  on  the  east  bank  of  Meathouse  fork  of  Middle  Island 
creek.  It  is  in  the  center  of  a fairly  rich  agricultural  region 
In  1900  its  population  was  86.  The  census  of  1910  gives  it  77. 

Big  Isaac. 

Big  Isaac  is  another  small  rural  village  located  in  the 
extreme  eastern  point  of  Doddridge  county.  It  is  situated 
at  the  western  edge  of  the  great  Fifth  Sand  oil  belt  of 
Harrison  county.  Its  population  in  1900  was  81.  The  census 
of  1910  gives  it  only  77. 

HARRISON  COUNTY. 

Harrison  county  lies  immediately  east  from  Doddridge, 
and  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Wetzel  and  Marion  counties; 
on  the  east  by  Taylor  and  Barbour;  and  on  the  south  by 
Upshur  and  Lewis.  V.  A.  Lewis3  has  the  following  to  say 
concerning  the  formation  and  early  history  of  Harrison 
county : 

“Harrison  was  formed  from  Monongalia  by  an  act  of  Assembly 
passed  May,  1784,  which  provided  that:  ‘From  and  after  the  20t.h 

day  of  July  next  the  county  of  Monongalia  shall  be  divided  into  two 
distinct  counties  by  a line  beginning  on  the  Maryland  line  at  the 
Fork  Ford  on  the  land  of  John  Goff;  thence  down  the  said  creek  to 
Tygarts  Valley  Fork  of  the  Monongahela  river;  thence  down  the 
same  to  the  mouth  of  West  Fork  river;  thence  up  the  same  to  the 
mouth  of  Bingamons  creek;  thence  up  said  creek  to  the  line  of  Ohio 


3.  History  of  West  Va.,  page  543;  1889. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


11 


county;  and  that  part  of  the  said  county  lying  south  of  the  said  line 
shall  be  called  and  known  by  the  name  of  Harrison.’ 

“Benjamin  Harrison,  in  honor  cf  whom  the  county  was  named, 
was  a native  of  Charles  City  county,  Virginia,  one  of  the  signers  of 
the  Declaration  of  Independence,  a Governor  of  Virginia  from  1781 
to  1784,  and  the  father  of  General  W.  H.  Harrison,  President  of  the 
United  States. 

“The  act  creating  the  county  provided  that  the  first  court  should 
be  held  at  the  house  of  George  Jackson  at  Bush’s  Fort  on  Buckhannon 
river. 

“The  early  settlers  suffered  severely  during  the  continuance  of 
the  French  and  Indian  wars.  To  tell  the  story  wc'uld  be  to  write  a 
volume.  Around  Nutter’s  Fort,  where  Clarksburg  now  stands,  and 
West’s  Fort,  near  the  present  site  of  the  village  of  Jane  Lew,  were 
enacted  many  of  the  scenes  in  the  drama  of  savage  warfare.” 

The  present  area  of  Harrison  county  shows  a great’  reduc- 
tion from  that  called  for  in  the  boundaries  outlined  above. 
Its  area  as  computed  from  the  accurate  topographic  sheets  of 
the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  by  magisterial  districts,  is  as 
follows : 


Districts. 

Sardis  

Ten  Mile  . 

Union  

Eagle  

Clay  

Coal  

Clark  

Simpson  . . 

Grant  

Elk  


Sq.  Miles. 
...  49.45 
...  50.57 
...  56.74 
...  45.11 
...  37.08 
...  23.05 
...  23.95 
...  47.59 
...  42.73 
...  41.58 


Total 417.85 

The  general  surface  of  the  county  varies  in  elevation 
from  880  feet  above  tide  at  the  mouth  of  Bingamon  creek 
on  the  northern  edge,  to  1800  feet  above  tide  near  the  summit 
of  a high  knob  in  the  southeastern  corner  of  the  county, 
located  2 miles  South  60°  East  from  Johnstown,  or  a range 
in  elevation  of  920  feet. 

In  1900  the  county  had  a population  of  27,690  of  which 
26,435  were  white,  1252  colored,  and  821  foreign  born.  The 
census  of  1910  gives  the  population  as  48,381,  or  a gain  of 
20,691.  This  great  increase  of  74.7  per  cent  in  the  last  decade 
is  due  to  the  rapid  development  of  the  coal  mining  industry 
and  the  industrial  growth  of  the  city  of  Clarksburg. 


12 


HISTORICAL  AND  INDUSTRIAL  DEVELOPMENT. 


The  following  table  shows  the  changes  in  population 
during  the  last  20  years  of  Harrison  county  by  districts'  as 
given  by  the  census  pf  1910 : 


Population, 

Districts.  1910  1900  1890 

Clark  11084  4097  2956 

Clay  4909  3162  2025 

Coal  12335  4508  2802 

Eagle  3692  2515  2123 

Elk  1103  1321  1470 

Grant  2512  1727  1650 

Sardis  3038  2621  2323 

Simpson  3141  1704  1777 

Tenmile  4493  3754  2373 

Union  2074  2281  2420 


Totals 48381  27690  21919 


The  above  table  shows  that  the  greatest  growth  has 
taken  place  in  Coal  and  Clark  districts,  in  both  of  which  the 
city  of  Clarksburg  is  located.  Elk  district,  which  is  purely  a 
farming  region  with  no  commercial  coal  mines  and  little  oil 
and  gas  development,  shows  a gradual  decrease  in  population. 

The  farming  land  of  Harrison  county  is  finely  adapted 
both  to  tillage  and  grazing;  in  fact,  it  is  one  of  the  leading 
counties  in  the  State  for  such  purposes.  It  is  also  one  of  the 
richest  counties  in  the  State  in  the  production  of  petroleum 
and  natural  gas,  and  its  pools  of  these  hydro-carbons  are  still 
undergoing  development.  Its  principal  products  are  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  hay,  beef  cattle,  sheep,  poultry,  coal,  petroleum, 
natural  gas,  and  manufactured  articles,  such  as  coke,  carbon 
black,  glass  ware,  tin  plate,  stone  ware,  and  brick. 

The  quality  and  character  of  the  soil  and  its  products,  as 
well  as  the  mineral  wealth,  will  be  discussed  in  detail  in  sub- 
sequent chapters  of  this  report. 

The  State  Auditor  gives  the  following  property  valuations 
for  Harrison  county  for  the  year  1910 : 


Assessed  State  State  Road 

Valuation.  Tax.  Tax. 

Real  Estate $34,630,501.00  $15,583.73  $3463.05 

Personal  Property 15,325,955.00  6,896.68  1532.60 


Total $49,956,456.00  $22,480.41  $4995.65 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  13 

No  State  tax  is  assessed  for  school  purposes.  Each  dis- 
trict makes  its  own  assessment  for  maintenance  of  schools, 
both  teachers  and  building  fund. 

The  total  assessed  valuation  for  all  kinds  of  property 
($49,956,456)  is  almost  five  times  that  for  Doddridge,  and 
ranks  Harrison  the  second  richest  county  in  the  State,  Ohio 
county  being  first  with  a total  assessed  valuation  in  1910  of 
$72,919,625.00.  The  fine  farms,  the  large  oil  and  gas  produc- 
tion, and  the  great  development  of  its  coal  mines  all  con- 
tribute very  much  to  the  riches  of  Harrison  county. 

The  towns  of  this  county  are  as  follows : Clarksburg, 

Salem,  Shinnston,  Adamston,  Lumberport,  Bridgeport,  Wil- 
sonburg,  Mt.  Clare  (Byron),  Wallace,  Bristol,  Enterprise, 
Meadowbrook,  Glen  Falls,  Wolf  Summit,  Lost  Creek,  West 
Milford,  Sardis,  Jarvisville,  Brown,  Quiet  Dell,  Rockford, 
Johnstown,  Goodhope,  Dola,  Wyatt,  Romines  Mills,  Benson, 
.Mineral,  Gypsy,  Farnum,  Viropa,  Jimtown,  Peora,  Oral, 
Lynch  (Maken),  and  Rinehart.  Several  of  these  are  small 
coal  mining  towns  with  only  the  usual  company  store  and 
homes  for  miners  and  their  families. 

A brief  description  of  the  most  important  towns  will  now 
be  given. 

Clarksburg. 

Clarksburg,  the  largest  and  most  important  town  in  the 
Doddridge-Harrison  area,  is  located  near  the  central  portion 
of  Harrison  county  on  the  east  bank  of  West  Fork  river  at 
the  mouth  of  Elk  creek.  It  is  mostly  built  on  high  terrace, 
or  old  erosion  level  of  these  two  streams.  The  first  settle- 
ment was  made  at  this  place  in  1773,  concerning  which 
Withers4  has  the  following  to  say: 

“On  Elk  and  in  the  vicinity  of  Clarksburg  there  settled  Thomas 
Nutter,  near  to  the  Forge-mills — Samuel  Cottrial  on  the  east  side  of 
the  creek  and  nearly  opposite  to  Clarksburg — Sotha  Hickman,  on  the 
west  side  of  the  same  creek,  and  above  Cottrial — Samuel  Beard  at 
the  mouth  of  Nanny’s  run — Andrew  Cottrial  above  Beard,  and  at  the 
farm  now  owned  by  John  W.  Patton — Daniel  Davisson,  where  Clarks- 
burg is  now  situated,  and  Obadiah  Davisson  and  John  Nutter  on  the 
West  Fork;  the  former  near  to  the  old  Salt  works,  and  the  latter  at 
the  place  now  owned  by  Adam  Hickman,  Jr.” 


4.  Chronicles  of  Border  Warfare  by  A.  S.  Withers,  page  127;  1908. 


14 


HISTORICAL  AND  INDUSTRIAL  DEVELOPMENT. 


During  the  French  and  Indian  wars  the  early  settlers  in 
this  vicinity  suffered  severely  from  marauding  expeditions 
by  the  Indians.  The  last  attack  made  by  the  latter  occurred 
in  the  year  1778.  V.  A.  Lewis5  gives  the  following  account 
of  the  same : 


“The  last  appearance  of  the  Indians  on  the  waters  of  West  Fork 
in  the  year  1778,  was  at  the-  house  of  Samuel  Cottrial,  near  the  present 
town  of  Clarksburg.  During  the  night  considerable  fear  was  excited 
both  at  Cottrial’s  and  Sotha  Hickman’s,  on  the  opposite  side  of  Elk 
creek,  by  the  continued  barking  of  the  dogs,  that  Indians  were  lurking 
near,  and  in  consequence  of  this  apprehension,  Cottrial,  on  going  to 
bed,  secured  well  the  doors  and  directed  that  no  one  should  stir  out 
in  the  morning  until  it  was  ascertained  that  there  was  no  danger 
threatening.  A while  before  day,  Cottrial,  being  fast  asleep,  Moses 
Coleman,  who  lived  with  him,  got  up,  shelled  some  corn,  and  giving  a 
few  ears  to  Cottrial’s  nephew  with  the  direction  to  feed  the  pigs 
around  the  yard,  went  to  the  hand-mill  in  an  out-house  and  began  to 
grind  some  of  the  corn.  The  little  boy  being  squatted  down  shelling 
the  corn,  found  himself  suddenly  drawn  on  his  back  and  an  Indian 
standing  over  him,  ordering  him  to  lie  there.  The  savage  then  turned 
toward  the  house  where  Coleman  was,  fired,  and  as  Coleman  fell,  ran 
up  to  scalp  him.  Thinking  this  a favorable  time  for  him  to  reach  the 
dwelling  house,  the  little  boy  sprang  to  his  feet,  and  running  to  the 
door,  it  was  opened,  and  he  was  admitted.  Scarcely  was  it  closed 
after  him  when  one  of  the  Indians  with  his  tomahawk  attempetd  to 
break  it  open.  Cottrial  fired  through  the  door  at  him  and  he  went 
off,  followed  by  his  companions,  several  in  number,  who  had  been 
concealed  near  the  house.” 


In  his  History  of  West  Virginia,  pages  546-547,  Lewis 
further  says  the  following  about  Clarksburg  : 

“Clarksburg  was  established  by  legislative  enactment  in  October, 
1785,  when  the  following  trustees  were  appointed:  William  Haymond, 

Nicholas  Carpenter,  John  Myers,  John  M’Ally  and  John  Davisson. 
December  30,  1809,  the  following  additional  trustees  were  appointed: 
Benjamin  Wilson,  Jr.,  James  Pindall,  John  G.  Jackson,  Jacob  Stealy, 
Daniel  Morris,  Alexander  F.  Lanham  and  Allison  Clarke.  At  the  May 
term  of  the  county  court,  1810,  commissioners  were  appointed  to  con- 
tract for  the  building  of  a court  house  on  a lot  given  by  Benjamin 
Wilson,  Jr.,  for  that  purpose,  in  the  town  of  Clarksburg.  Three  com- 
missioners contracted  with  Allison  Clarke,  John  Smith  and  Daniel 
Morris  to  erect  the  building  at  a cost  of  $37,000.00,  but  after  consid- 
erable work  had  been  performed  and  $1,200.00  received  for  the  same, 
a doubt  arose  as  to  the  legality  of  removing  the  seat  of  justice.  To 
set  the  matter  at  rest,  the  Assembly,  Janmary  18,  1811,  enacted  that 
the  removal  should  be  legal  whenever  Benjamin  Wilson  should  convey 
by  deed  in  fee  simple  the  lot  to  the  justices  of  Harrison  county.  The 
town  was  incorporated  March  15,  1849.” 


5.  History  of  West  Va.;  pages  543-544;  1889. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


15 


The  village  was  named  in  honor  of  Geo.  Rogers  Clark, 
a famous  frontiersman  and  Indian  fighter  of  the  Revolutionary 
period. 

During  the  last  decade  Clarksburg  has  had  a very  rapid 
growth  both  in  population  and  in  industrial  activity.  The 
census  of  1900  gives  the  population  as  4,050,  but  that  of  1910 
gives  it  9,201,  or  a gain  of  5,151.  This  is  a growth  of  127 
per  cent,  and  ranks  Clarksburg  as  the  eighth  city  in  popu- 
lation in  the  State,  having  510  less  people  than  Fairmont,  the 
seventh  city  of  the  State,  and  only  51  more  than  Morgantown, 
the  ninth  city  of  West  Virginia. 

A short  account  will  now  be  given  of  the  several  indus- 
tries of  Clarksburg  and  vicinity : 

Glass  Industries — 'Clarksburg,  next  to  Morgantown,  is 
the  most  important  glass  manufacturing  town  in  the  State. 
Eight  different  plants  are  located  there,  five  of  which  make 
window  glass,  and  the  others  miscellaneous  articles.  All 
these  different  concerns  have  located  there  during  the  last 
12  years,  having  been  attracted  by  the  low  price  (4  cents  a 
thousand  cubic  feet)  of  natural  gas  offered  for  manufacturing 
purposes  to  induce  plants  to  locate  at  that  place.  A brief 
account  will  now  be  given  of  each  plant. 

Clarksburg  Glass  Company. — This  plant  is  located  across 
the  West  Fork  river  from  Clarksburg  in  Adamston,  and  was 
established  in  1901,  according  to  information  furnished  Mr. 
Reger  by.  P.  E.  Hochstrasser.  It  has  a 36  blower  tank,  and 
employs  185  men  of  which  92  are  skilled  workmen.  Its  out- 
put is  100,000  boxes  a year  of  hand  blown  glass.  White 
Rock  sand  from  Terra  Alta,  West  Virginia,  is  used  in  making 
the  glass.  It  makes  both  window  and  bent  glass. 

Peerless  Window  Glass  Company. — This  plant  is  located 
in  the  northwestern  edge  of  Clarksburg,  opposite  the  mouth 
of  Limestone  run,  and  was  established  in  1905.  According 
to  Jas.  Clelland,  General  Manager,  it  is  operated  by  W.  R. 
Jones  of  Morgantown,  W.  Va.,  and  has  its  main  office  at 
Columbus,  Ohio.  It  has  a 24  blower  tank  and  employs  145 
men,  manufacturing  hand  blown  window  glass  exclusively. 
The  capacity  of  the  plant  is  2,200  boxes  weekly.  It  consumes 


i6 


HISTORICAL  AND  INDUSTRIAL  DEVELOPMENT. 


600,000  cubic  feet  of  gas  daily.  Sand  from  Sturgisson, 
Monongalia  County,  W.  Va.,  is  used  in  making  the  glass. 
This  sand  at  the  letter  point  comes  from  the  Upper  Conno- 
quenessing  sandstone  ledge  of  the  Pottsville  series  of  rocks. 

Hazel-Atlas  Glass  Company. — This  plant  is  Clarksburg’s 
largest  glass  manufacturing  concern,  and  was  established  in 
1900.  It  makes  jelly  glasses,  beef  jars  and  other  glass  ware 
for  packing  food  products,  and  also  snuff  bottles.  The  estab- 
lishment runs  the  year  round,  shutting  down  only  for  July 
4th  and  Christmas,  and  employs  400  people,  200  of  whom 
are  skilled  workmen.  It  has  an  output  of  20  car  loads  weekly 
of  food  products  glass  ware,  and  8 car  loads  weekly  of  snuff 
bottles,  etc.  The  sand  used  in  manufacturing  the  food  prod- 
ucts glass  ware  is  obtained  from  the  West  Virginia  and  Pitts- 
burgh Sand  Company’s  plant  at  Berkeley  Springs,  W.  Va., 
while  that  used  in  making  the  snuff  bottles  comes  from 
Irvington,  Mineral  County,  W.  Va.  The  limestone  used  by 
the  concern  comes  from  northern  Ohio.  All  ware  is  machine 
blown.  The  plant  has  a monthly  consumption  of  30,000,000 
cubic  feet  of  natural  gas,  hence  fuel  is  quite  an  item  of  ex- 
pense in  the  operation  of  this  concern  as  well  as  in  all  other 
glass  factories.  Thos.  Coleman,  Jr.,  Superintendent,  is  au- 
thority for  data. 

Tuna  Glass  Company. — This  plant  is  located  at  Industrial, 
a suburban  town,  1 mile  southeast  of  Clarksburg,  and  was 
established  in  1907.  It  manufactures  hand-blown  window 
glass  exclusively  and  has  a 48  blower  tank.  According  to 
information  furnished  Mr.  Reger  by  C.  L.  Bush,  Foreman, 
this  factory  employs  375  men  of  whom  175  are  skilled  work- 
men. It  has  a capacity  of  4,500  boxes  weekly,  and  is  one  of 
the  largest  concerns  of  its  kind  in  the  State.  Sand  from 
Berkeley  Springs,  West  Virginia,  and  from  Oakland,  Mary- 
land, is  used  in  making  the  glass. 

Lafayette  Window  Glass  Company. — This  factory  is 
located  in  Clarksburg  and  was  established  in  1899,  being  the 
first  glass  concern  to  locate  in  the  town  or  the  vicinity. 
According  to  A.  W.  Eshenfelder,  Book-keeper,  it  furnishes 
employment  to  125  men  of  whom  90  are  skilled  workmen. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


17 


It  has  a .24  blower  tank  and  makes  hand-blown  window 
glass  exclusively.  The  capacity  of  the  plant  is  90,000  boxes 
of  glass  yearly. 

West  Fork  Glass  Company. — This  plant  is  located  in  the 
town  of  Industrial,  a suburb  of  Clarksburg.  It  has  a 36  blower 
tank  and  makes  hand-blown  window  glass  only.  The  factory 
furnishes  employment  to  180  men  of  whom  140  are  skilled 
workmen.  The  output  is  12,000  boxes  monthly,  according  to 
information  furnished  Mr.  Reger  by  R.  R.  Koblegard,  Book- 
keeper. Sand  from  Terra  Alta,  Preston  county;  Sturgisson, 
Monongalia  county ; and  Martinsburg,  Berkeley  county,  West 
Virginia,  and  also  from  Connellsville,  Pa.,  is  used  in  making 
the  glass. 

Travis  Glass  Company. — This  factory  is  located  in  Clarks- 
burg, and  was  established  in  1908.  It  manufactures  machine- 
blown  milk  bottles,  and  uses  the  O’Neil  semi-automatic 
machine.  The  plant  furnishes  employment  for  175  to  200 
men,  50  of  whom  are  skilled  workmen.  Its  capacity  is  15  to 
16  car  loads  weekly.  H.  E.  Travis  is  President  of  the  concern 
and  authority  for  data. 

Clarksburg  Opalescent  Glass  Works. — This  plant  is  lo- 
cated at  Industrial,  1 mile  southeast  of  Clarksburg,  and  was 
established  in  1904.  It  manufactures  artistic  and  decorative 
glass  by  the  natural  gas  process.  One  furnace  is  run  during 
the  whole  year  and  two,  part  of  the  time.  The  product  is 
hand  rollled,  and  employment  is  furnished  for  about  30  men. 
The  output  is  three  tons  of  glass  daily,  according  to  informa- 
tion given  Mr.  Reger  by  E.  L.  Spraker,  secretary  and  treas- 
urer of  the  Company.  Sand  from  Berkeley  Springs,  West 
Virginia,  is  used  in  making  the  glass.  No  lime  is  used. 

Miscellaneous  Industries. — In  addition  to  the  several 
glass  plants  described  above,  there  are  almost  a dozen  other 
important  factories  manufacturing  various  articles.  These 
will  now  be  described. 

Phillips  Sheet  & Tin  Plate  Company. — This  plant  is 
located  in  the  eastern  end  of  Clarksburg,  and  was  established 
in  1904,  It  is  the  largest  single  factory  in  the  town,  and 
makes  tin  and  terne  plate,  and  uncoated  metal  used  in  the 


i8 


HISTORICAL  AND  INDUSTRIAL  DEVELOPMENT. 


manufacture  of  metal  ceilings  and  galvanized  ware.  Accord- 
ing to  information  given  Mr.  Reger  by  E.  L.  Cronmeyer, 
Superintendent,  it  is  a 12  mill  plant  with  1,000  employees,  30 
of  whom  are  women,  and  900  of  whom  are  skilled  workmen. 
Its  output  is  one  million  100-pound  boxes  yearly.  Natural 
gas  is  used  for  fuel  throughout  the  plant,  requiring  3 y2  mil- 
lion cubic  feet  daily. 

Graselli  Chemical  Company. — This  Company  has  a plant 
located  at  Graselli,  2 miles  southeast  from  Clarksburg.  Its 
factory  was  established  in  1904,  according  to  Chas.  Kester, 
Chief  Clerk,  and  furnishes  employment  for  400  people, 
most  of  whom  are  foreigners.  It  makes  zinc  spelter  exclu- 
sively. Natural  gas  is  used  for  fuel. 

National  Carbon  Company. — The  National  Carbon  Com- 
pany has  a factory  located  at  Graselli,  2 miles  southeast 
from  Clarksburg.  According  to  information  furnished  Mr. 
Reger  by  E.  B.  Jewett,  Resident  Manager,  this  plant  was 
established  in  1904,  and  manufactures  carbon  electrodes. 
About  140  men  are  employed,  ten  per  cent  of  whom  are  skilled 
workmen.  The  output  of  the  plant  is  1,500,000  pounds 
monthly.  Gas  engines  are  used  in  generating  electric  power 
for  the  factory. 

Clarksburg  Zinc  Company. — This  plant  is  located  at  the 
northwest  edge  of  Clarksburg  and  was  originally  owned  by 
Jos.  Loudourette  & Company,  but  since  1907  has  been  owned 
and  operated  by  the  Clarksburg  Zinc  Company.  It  manufac- 
tures zinc  spelter  exclusively  into  slabs  weighing  50  pounds 
each.  Old  style  retort  ovens  are  used  in  making  the  product, 
and,  according  to  I.  L.  Briggs,  Manager,  employment  is  fur- 
nished for  130  men. 

Hart  Bros.  Machine  Company. — The  oldest  manufactur- 
ing plant  in  Harrison  county  is  that  owned  by  Hart  Bros. 
Machine  Company  near  the  west  end  of  Pike  Street,  Clarks- 
burg. It  was  established  in  1852  under  the  name  of  Ira  Hart. 
In  1879  it  was  reorganized  under  the  name  of  C.  M.  & J.  B. 
Hart,  but  in  1897  it  was  burned,  rebuilt  and  changed  to  its 
present  name.  According  to  information  furnished  Mr.  .Reger 
by  J.  B.  Hart,  the  factory  employs  45  men,  nearly  all  of  whom 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


19 


are  skilled  laborers.  It  makes  saw-mill  machinery  and  has  an 
output  of  two  mills  weekly.  According  to  Mr.  Hart,  it  made 
the  first  threshing  machine,  the  first  mowing  machine,  2nd 
the  first  locomotive  built  in  the  State. 

Clarksburg  Foundry  & Casting  Company. — This  com- 
pany has  a plant  at  Clarksburg  which  was  established  in 
1907.  According  to  information  given  Mr.  Reger  by  C.  G. 
Jewett,  Manager,  employment  is  furnished  for  18  people,  ten 
of  whom  are  skilled  workmen.  Gray  iron  and  brass  castings 
are  manufactured,  the  plant  having  a capacity  of  1500  to 
1800  tons  yearly. 

Lange  & Crist  Box  & Lumber  Company. — This  plant 
was  established  in  1909  and  makes  boxes  for  packing  tin  plate 
and  for  the  output  of  the  Phillips  Sheet  & Tin  Plate  Company 
at  Clarksburg.  Employment  is  furnished  for  20  men,  and 
the  output  of  the  plant  is  about  2,000  boxes  daily. 

Clarksburg  Casket  Company. — This  factory  is  located  in 
Clarksburg  and  was  established  in  1906.  According  to  data 
given  Mr.  Reger  by  F.  L.  Wilson,  President,  it  furnishes  em- 
ployment to  13  men  and  4 women,  6 of  whom  are  skilled  labor- 
ers. It  manufactures  robes,  linings  and  caskets  for  funeral 
purposes.  Its  output  is  225  caskets  monthly. 

A.  Radford  Pottery  Company. — This  plant  was  incor- 
porated in  1903.  It  manufactures  art  specialties,  fancy  wares 
such  as  umbrella  stands,  jardinieres,  etc.  Employment  is  fur- 
nished for  40  men,  30  of  whom  are  skilled  workmen.  The 
clay  used  in  making  the  ware  is  obtained  from  Tennessee, 
Kentucky  and  West  Virginia.  That  from,  the  latter  is  ob- 
tained from  Hardman  Switch  near  Grafton.  The  Hardman 
clay  gives  good  results  when  mixed  with  the  other  clays. 
H.  E.  Marquard,  Superintendent,  is  authority  for  data. 

Both  the  Glen  View  Brick  Company  and  the  Monticello 
Brick  Company  plants  at  Clarksburg  will  be  described  on 
subsequent  pages  of  this  report  in  the  chapter  on  clays,  etc. 

Star  Rig,  Reel  & Supply  Company. — According  to  the 
Royal  Blue  Book  of  the  B.  & O.  R.  R.  Co.  for  1910,  this 
plant  was  established  in  Clarksburg  in  1900  and  has  a capacity 
of  2,250,000  pounds  of  rig  iron  outfits  and  7,000,000  pounds 


20  HISTORICAL  AND  INDUSTRIAL  DEVELOPMENT. 

of  manila  cables  annually.  All  lumber  and  iron  used  in  the 
manufacture  of  the  articles  being  obtained  from  the  State  of 
Virginia,  while  the  manila  fiber  used  is  obtained  from  the 
Philippines.  The  finished  product  is  shipped  to  all  parts  of 
the  globe.  Employment  is  furnished  for  32  men  and  1 woman, 
with  a pay-roll  of  $35,000  annually. 

Salem. 

Salem  is  situated  on  the  main  line  of  the  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  Railroad,  13  miles  west  from  Clarksburg  and  in  the 
extreme  western  edge  of  Harrison  county.  In  the  History  of 
Harrison  County,  page  341,  Haymond  says  it  was  settled 
before  peace  with  the  Indians  by  a colony  of  about  forty 
families  from  Salem,  New  Jersey.  These  families  consisted 
of  Lippincotts,  Maxons,  Babcocks,  Plumers,  Randolphs,  and 
Davises.  According  to  V.  A.  Lewis5,  it  was  formerly  named 
New  Salem,  concerning  which  he  has  the  following  to  say: 

“New  Salem  was  made  a town  by  legislative  enactment  December 
19,  1794,  on  lands  of  Samuel  Fitz  Randolph.  John  Patterson,  John 
Davis,  Samuel  Lippincott,  James  Davis,  Zebulon  Maxon,  Benjamin 
Thorp,  Thomas  Clayton,  William  Davis,  Jacob  Davis,  George  Jackson, 
and  John  Haymond  were  appointed  trustees  thereof.” 

In  1900  the  town  had  a population  of  746,  but  the  census 
of  1910  gives  it  2,169,  or  a gain  of  190.7  per  cent.  This  great 
growth  during  the  last  decade  has  been  largely  due  to  the 
development  of  the  extensive  oil  and  gas  fields  surrounding 
the  place,  and  ranks  it  the  second  town  in  the  county. 

Modern  Window  Glass  Company. — According  to  inform- 
ation furnished  Mr.  Reger  by  Louis  Mottet,  Secretary  for  the 
Modern  Window  Glass  Company,  the  plant  was  established 
during  the  year  1910,  but  did  not  begin  operations  until 
January  1st,  1911.  It  is  a 36-pot  factory.  Only  hand  blown 
window  glass  is  made.  Employment  is  furnished  for  250 
men,  100  of  whom  are  skilled  workmen. 

Salem  Co-Operative  Window  Glass  Co. — This  plant  was 
established  in  1908,  and  manufactures  window  glass  exclu- 


5.  History  of  West  Virginia,  page  547;  1889. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


21 


sively.  According  to  information  furnished  by  the  company, 
it  is  a 24-pot  plant  with  a capacity  of  4}4  cars  weekly  of  hand 
blown  ware,  and  employs  125  persons,  all  of  whom  are  men, 
giving  an  average  monthly  pay  roll  of  $10,000.00.  The  plant 
runs  ten  months  in  the  year.  The  sand  used  in  making  the 
glass  is  obtained  from  the  quarries  of  the  White  Rock  Sand 
Co.  near  Corinth,  Preston  county,  W.  Va. 

McBride  Lamp  Chimney  Company. — This  plant  is  located 
in  Industrial  at  the  west  edge  of  Salem,  and  was  established 
in  May,  1907.  According  to  information  furnished  D.  B. 
Reger  by  Thos.  F.  McBride,  owner  and  manager,  it  employs 
21  men  with  a monthly  pay  roll  of  $1,000.00,  and  has  an  output 
of  1200  dozen  hand  blown  chimneys  weekly.  It  is  a six  shop 
factory  of  three  men  each.  The  sand  used  in  making  the 
glass  is  obtained  from  Berkeley  Springs,  W.  Va. ; the  lime, 
from  Buckeyestown,  Maryland ; and  the  soda  ash,  from 
Wyandotte,  Mich. 

West  Virginia  Industrial  Home  for  Girls. — This  State 
Institution  is  located  at  the  western  edge  of  Salem,  on  a high 
terrace  north  of  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad.  This  Insti- 
tution was  established  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature  passed 
February  18,  1897,  and  was  opened  for  the  reception  of  girls 
May  5th,  1899,  since  which  time  303  girls  (Sept.  30,  1910)  have 
been  received.  The  Institution  was  created  for  the  sole  pur- 
pose of  the  care  and  reformation  of  girls  between  the  ages  of 
seven  and  eighteen  years  who  may  be  committed  by  ihe 
proper  authorities. 

The  following  data  and  tables  are  taken  from  Vol.  I of 
the  W.  Va.  Board  of  Control,  pages  186,  189,  190,  191,  192, 
193,  and  194: 

*******  The  citizens  of  Salem  gave  a farm  of  38  acre-s 
for  the  establishment  of  the  Home;  the  State  buying  nine  acres, 
making  a farm  of  forty-seven  acres,  sixteen  of  which  are  under  culti- 
vation.” 


22 


HISTORICAL  AND  INDUSTRIAL  DEVELOPMENT. 


STATISTICAL  TABLES. 
Table  No.  1. 


Number  of  girls  received  into  the  Home  since  May  5th, 

1899  303 

Number  returned  as  unfit  subjects 17  

Number  discharged,  expiration  of  time 5 

Number  discharged,  good  behavior 25  

Number  discharged,  various  reasons 116  

Total  Number  Discharged 163  .... 

Nnmner  contracted  to  parents  or  relatives. 30  

Number  contracted  for  wages... 32  

Total  Number  out  in  care  of  the  Home.  62  .... 

Total  Number  discharged  and  contracted 225 

Total  Number  remaining  in  the  Home 78 

Table  No.  2. 

Number  in  the  Home  Sept.  30,  1908 72 

• Number  received  during  the  perio^ 67  

Number  paroled  during  the  period 61  

6 

Total  in  the  Home  Sept.  30,  1910 78 


Table  No.  3. 

The  Counties  from  which  Girls  have  been  committed. 


Name 

Brooke  . . . 
Boones 
Berkeley.  . . 
Braxton  . . 
Barbour  . . 
Cabell 
Calhoun  . . 

Clay  

Doddridge  . 
Fayette  . . . 
Gilmer 
Greenbrier 

Grant  

Hancock  . . 
Harrison  . . 
Hampshire 
Jackson  . . 
Jefferson  . 
Kanawha  . 
Lewis  .... 
Marshall  . . 
Mingo  .... 
Mercer  . . . 
Monroe  . . . 
Marion  . . . 
Monongalia 
Mineral  . . . 
Mason 
Nicholas  . . 

Ohio  

Preston  . . . 
Roane  .... 
Ritchie  . . . 
Randolph  . 
Summers  . 


Past  Two 
Years. 


Previous 


Total 


0 

4 

4 

-0 

1 

1 

3 

2 

5 

4 

6 

10 

0 

3 

3 

1 

4 

5 

1 

1 

2 

0 

1 

1 

0 

1 

1 

6 

8 

14 

2 

0 

2 

0 

2 

2 

0 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

4 

15 

19 

0 

2 

2 

0 

3 

3 

0 

. 2 

2 

5 

24 

29 

0 

10 

10 

2 

9 

11 

4 

2 

6 

0 

3 

3 

0 

1 

1 

3 

8 

11 

1 

2 

3 

0 

3 

3 

1 

11 

12 

0 

2 

2 

6 

29 

35 

0 

3 

3 

1 

0 

1 

3 

6 

9 

3 

3 

6 

0 

6 

6 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY, 


23 


Tyler  . . 
Taylor  . 
Tucker 
Upshur 
Wetzel 
Wood  . . 
Wayne 
Wirt  ... 
Webster 


4 

0 

2 

0 

8 

0 

0 

0 


3 

7 

3 

4 
3 

33 

1 

1 

1 


5 

11 

3 

6 
3 

41 

1 

1 

1 


Total 67  236  303 

No  girls  have  been  sent  to  the  home  from  the  following  counties: 
Hardy,  Logan,  Lincoln,  McDowell,  Morgan,  Pleasants,  Putnam,  pocanontas, 
Pendleton,  Raleigh  and  Wyoming. 


Table  No.  5. 


Ages  of  Girls  committed. 


Ages 


Past  Two 


Seven  years 

Years.  Previous 

0 1 

Total 

1 

Eight  years 

0 

0 

Nine  years 

7 

7 

Ten  years 

6 

11 

17 

Eleven  years 

11 

14 

Twelve  years 

9 

15 

24 

Thirteen  years 

9 

29 

38 

Fourteen  years 

49 

60 

Fifteen  years 

49 

67 

Sixteen  years 

8 

34 

42 

Seventeen  years 

20 

21 

Eighteen  years 

8 

9 

Nineteen  years 

0 

2 

2 

Unknown  

0 

1 

Total  

67 

236 

303 

Population 

Table 

of  this 

No.  7. 

Period  by 

Parentage. 

Conditions. 

Parents  divorced 

Father  Mother 

Total 

7 

Parents  not  living  together. 

Intemperate  

Half-orphaned  

Step-father  

Step-mgther  

Foster-mother  

Both  parents  dead 

Parents  own  property 


23 

25 

40 

14 

12 

1 

3 

23 


Table  No.  9. 

Population  of  Sixty-seven  entering  this  Period  showing 
Illiterate  Condition. 


Number  that  could  not  read 9 

Number  that  could  read  in  first  reader 12 

Number  that  could  read  in  second  reader 4 

Number  that  could  read  in  third  reader 11 

Number  that  knew  nothing  of  arithmetic 14 

Number  that  Gould  count  to  10 7 

Number  that  could  add 9 

Number  that  could  subtract 5 

Number  that  could  multiply 

Number  that  could  not  write 11 

Number  that  could  write  a little 9 

Number  that  could  write  letters 9 


24  HISTORICAL  AND  INDUSTRIAL  DEVELOPMENT. 

Table  No.'  10. 

Population  of  those  entering  this  Period  in  General. 

From  towns 0q 

Prom  the  country 7 

Have  brothers '!!..!!!!!!.!.!!!!!!!!!  52 

Have  sisters 53 

Church  members 14 

Attended  Sunday  School  regularly 9 

Attended  Sunday  School  irregularly 10 

Working  when  committed 19 

Not  living  at  home  when  committed 23 

Were  in  trouble  before • 8 

Table  No.  11. 

Population  by  Institutional  History. 

Have  been  in  jail 6 

Almshouses  2 

Orphan  Asylums 3 

Catholic  institutions 3 

No  institutional  history 53 

• 

Total  67 

Table  No.  12. 

Time  of  Detention  of  Girls  now  in  the  Home. 

Five  years  in  the  Home 4 

Four  years  in  the  Home 4 

Three  years  in  the  Home 4 

Two  years  in  the  Home 15 

One  year  in  the  Home 19 

Less  than  one  year  in  the  Home 31 

Total 78 

“The  average  time  of  detention  of  the  girls  in  the  Home  is  one  year, 
eleven  months  and  sixteen  days. 

“Eleven  of  the  sixty-seven  received  this  period  have  brothers  in  Boys’ 
Reform  School. 

“The  age  of  the  oldest  girl  committed  this  period  is  twenty-two  years; 
the  age  of  the  youngest,  nine  years. 

“The  average  number  in  the  Home  this  biennial  period  is  seventy  three. 

“Average  age  of  girls  committed,  thirteen  years  and  six  months.” 

Shinnston. 

Shinnston,  the  third  town  in  Harrison  county  in  order 
of  population  as  given  by  the  census  of  1910,  is  located  on 
the  east  bank  of  the  West  Fork  river  in  the  northern  portion 
of  the  county  at  the  mouth  of  Shinns  run.  In  1900  the  town 
had  a population  of  535,  but  the  census  of  1910  gives  it  1224, 
a gain  of  689,  or  128.7  per  cent. 

Henry  Haymond  gives  the  following  interesting  account 
concerning  the  early  settlement  of  this  village  in  his  history 
of  Harrison  County,  pages  344  and  345 : 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


25 


“The  land  upon  which  Shinnston  now  stands  was  first  occupied 
by  members  of  the  Shinn  family,  who  were  Quakers  from  New  Jersey. 
The  pioneeT  was  Levy  Shinn,  who  according  to  the  land  records  lo- 
cated 400  acres  on  West  Fork  river  adjoining  lands  of  John  Wood  to 
include  his  settlement  made  in  the  year  1773,  with  a preemption  right 
to  1,000  acres  adjoining. 

“Levy  it  appears  did  not  remove  his  family  to  his  homestead  for 
a year  or  two  after  making  his  location.  Shortly  after  doing  so  he 
was  joined  by  several  members  of  his  family,  including  two  brothers, 
Clement  and  Jonathan.  There  is  a family  tradition  that  Levy’s  lands 
lay  west  and  south  of  Shinn’s  run.  Jonathan’s  extended  from  the 
mcHith  of  this  run  down  the  river  to  the  south  and  east,  covering  the 
present  site  of  Shinnston,  and  that  Clement’s  holdings  lay  south  of 
Jonathan’s  on  a stream  called  Middle  Creek. 

“Jonathan  willed  the  land  covering  the  present  site  of  Shinnston 
to  his  son  Levy,  who  built  the  first  house  in  1802,  which  is  still  (1909) 
standing. 

“The  first  child  born  in  the  new  settlement  was  Asa  Shinn.  The 
Act  of  the  Legislature  establishing  the  town  of  Shinnston  passed 
January  22,  1818,  enacted: 

“That  the  lots  and  streets  as  already  laid  off  on  the  lands  of  Asa 
and  Levy  Shinn  on  the  West  Fork  of  the  Monongahela  river  in  the 
county  of  Harrison,  be  established  a town  by  the  name  of  Shinnston, 
and  that  John  Righter,  Davis  Wamsley,  Samuel  Shinn,  John  D.  Lucas, 
Benjamin  Wood,  Joseph  Wilson  and  Jeremiah  Roby,  Gentlemen,  be 
and  they  are  hereby  appointed  trustees  thereof. 

“By  an  act  passed  May  26,  1852,  Shinnston  was  incorporated,  and 
the  voters  were  authorized  to  elect  seven  trustees  with  the  usual 
powers  of  such  officers.  The  Act  was  not  to  take  effect  until  ratified 
by  a majority  of  the  voters  of  the  town,  and  was  to  include  the  town 
‘as  the  same  has  heretofore  been  laid  off  into  lots,  streets  and  alleys.’ 

“During  the  war  this  charter  was  allowed  to  lapse  and  a new  one 
was  procured  in  1877.  The  Circuit  Court  on  June  4th,  1877,  issued  an 
order  incorporating  the  town  of  Shinnston  under  chapter  47  of  the 
code  and  appointed  Albert  Shinn,  James  Jackson  and  M.  J.  Ogden, 
commissioners  to  hold  the  first  election  for  officers  of  the  said  town.’’ 

Shinnston  is  surrounded  by  a rich  agricultural  region,  a 
great  coal  field  and  extensive  oil  and  gas  pools,  all  of  which 
have  contributed  to  its  remarkable  growth  during  the  last 
decade. 


Adamston. 


Adamston,  the  fourth  town  of  importance  in  Harrison 
county,  is  located  on  the  opposite  side  of  West  Fork  river 
from  the  city  of  Clarksburg,  and  is  generally  considered  a 
suburb  of  the  latter  place.  According  to  Haymond  in  the 
same  history  referred  to  above,  the  town  was  named  in  honor 
of  Josiah  Adams,  who  formerly  owned  the  farm  upon  which 
the  town  is  situated,  and  was  incorporated  October  3,  1903. 


26 


HISTORICAL  AND  INDUSTRIAL  DEVELOPMENT. 


It  has  enjoyed  a very  rapid  growth  during  the  last  decade. 
In  1900  its  population  was  only  316,  but  the  census  of  1910 
gives  it  1200,  a gain  of  884,  or  279.6  per  cent. 


Lumberport. 

Lumberport  is  the  next  town  in  size  in  Harrison  county, 
and  is  situated  on  Tenmile  creek,  one-half  mile  from  the 
mouth  of  the  stream  and  on  the  W.  Va.  Short  Line  Branch 
of  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad.  In  his  History  of  Harrison 
County,  page  348,  Haymond  gives  the  following  account  of 
its  incorporation : 

“It  appears  from  an  order  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Harrison  County 
entered  on  the  18th  day  of  September,  1901,  on  the  chancery  side 
thereof  that  a certificate  under  oath  of  G.  D.  Griffin,  E.  D.  McCarty, 
and  J.  W.  Wadsworth  was  filed  that  day  showing  that  a majority  of 
all  the  qualified  voters  residing  in  a described  boundary  have  been 
given  in  due  form  of  law  in  favor  of  the  incorporation  of  the  town  of 
Lumberport  in  the  County  of  Harrison,  the  said  town  is  incorporated 
under  the  provisions  of  Chapter  47  of  the  Code  of  West  Virginia. 

“And  it  was  ordered  that  E.  D.  McCarty,  Ed.  Boggess  and  J.  V/. 
Wadsworth  be  authorized  to  act  as  commissioners  at  the  first  charter 
election  to  be  held  in  said  town  as  required  by  law. 

“The  officers  elected  at  the  first  election  held  in  1901  were  J.  W. 
Wadsworth,  Mayor;  j.  E.  Boggess,  Recorder;  and  George  D.  Griffin, 
Lee  Boggess,  J.  B.  Payne,  E.  D.  McCarty  and  L.  M.  Harter,  Council- 
men.” 


In  1900  the  population  of  Lumberport  was  only  258,  but 
the  census  of  1910  gives  it  656,  a gain  of  398,  or  1*54.2  per 
cent.  This  large  growth  during  the  last  ten  years  is  due  to 
the  fact  that  the  town  is  surrounded  by  a rich  farming  region, 
a great  coal  field,  and  extensive  natural  gas  pools. 


Bridgeport. 

Bridgeport  is  located  five  miles  east  from  Clarksburg  on 
the  Parkersburg  & Grafton  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  & Ohio 
Railroad.  It  ranks  next  in  size  and  importance  to  Lumber- 
port.  In  1900  it  had  a population  of  464,  but  the  census"*of 
1910  gives  it  577,  a gain  of  113,  or  24.3  per  cent.  Haymond7 
gives  the  following  interesting  account  of  its  early  history : 


7.  History  of  West  Virginia,  page  344;  1910. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


27 


“Joseph  Davisson,  it  is  claimed,  first  settled  upon  the  land  on 
which  Bridgeport  now  stands.  The  exact  date  of  his  building  his 
cabin  is  not  known,  as  the  entry  omits  the  date.  The  certificate  from 
the  Commissioners  of  unpatented  lands,  which  was  issued  to  him  in 
Clarksburg  in  1781,  states  that  as  the  assignee  of  Benjamin  Coplin, 
he  is  entitled  to  400  acres  in  Monogalia  county,  on  Simpsons  creek, 
adjoining  lands  of  James  Anderson,  with  a preemption  of  1,000  acres 
of  land  adjoining  thereto. 

“As  James  Anderson,  Andrew  Davisson,  John  Wilkinson  and  John 
Powers  all  took  up  lands  immediately  surrounding  Bridgeport  during 
the  years  1771  to  1774,  it  is  presumed  that  Joseph  Davisson  joined  the 
settlement  about  that  time. 

“Mr.  Benjamin  Stout,  the  oldest  resident  near  Bridgeport,  says 
that  Joseph  Davisson  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  near  Bridgeport, 
and  owned  what  was  known  as  the  Coplin  farm,  and  the  town  was 
located  on  his  land.  * * * * * 

“The  Circuit  Court  in  an  order,  entered  March  21,  1887,  sets  forth 
that  Jasper  N.  Wilkinson,  Thos.  H.  Kenney  and  J.  B.  Martin  who 
reside  in  Bridgeport,  have  caused  an  accurate  map  and  survey  to  be 
made  of  the  territory  in  Harrison  county  to  be  incorpprated  as  the 
town  of  Bridgeport  and  it  appearing  that  at  an  election  held  at  the 
office  of  D.  D.  Wilkinson  on  the  28th  of  February,  1887,  a majority  of 
the  qualified  voters  within  said  territory  voted  in  favor  of  such  in- 
corporation, and  that  all  the  provisions  of  Chapter  47  of  the  Code  of 
West  Virginia  have  been  complied  with,  the  said  town  is  duly  incor- 
porated under  said  Chapter.  ***** 

“The  Act  originally  establishing  the  town  of  Bridgeport  was  passed 
January  15,  1816,  provided:  “That  15  acres  of  land,  the  property  of 

Joseph  Johnson  at  Simson’s  Creek  bridge  in  Harrison  county  as  soon 
as  the  same  be  laid  off  into  lots  with  convenient  streets,  be  established 
a town  by  the  name  of  Bridgeport  and  that  Benjamin  Coplin,  Mathias 
Winters,  Peter  Link,  John  Davisson,  David  Coplin,  Jedediah  Waldo 
and  Joseph  Johnson  be  and  are  hereby  appointed  trustees  thereof.” 

Bridgeport  Lamp  Chimney  Co. — This  plant  was  estab- 
lished in  1907  and  manufactures  lamp  chimneys,  and  gas 
lantern  globes.  According  to  information  furnished  by  W.  F. 
Dunk'in,  Superintendent,  it  has  a daily  capacity  of  100  boxes 
containing  6 dozen  globes  or  chimneys  each.  The  ware  is  all 
hand  blown,  and  employment  is  furnished  for  50  persons.  36 
of  whom  are  men ; 2,  women ; and  12,  boys.  The  plant  gen- 
erally runs  10 months  in  the  year,  shutting  down  for  July 
and  the  first  half  of  August.  The  sand  used  in  making  the 
glass  is  shipped  from  Berkeley  Springs,  W.  Va. 

West  Va.  Pottery  Company. — Bridgeport  has  one  of  the 
two  pottery  plants  located  in  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area; 
viz.,  the  West  Va.  Pottery  Co.  According  to  information 
furnished  by  Gordon  B.  Late,  Superintendent,  the  plant  was 
first  established  in  1880  by  Gideon  Sandusky ; later  it  was  run 


28 


HISTORICAL  AND  INDUSTRIAL  DEVELOPMENT. 


by  E.  O.  Russell.  From  1903  to  1907  it  was  run  in  partner- 
ship by  C.  H.  Warner  and  Gordon  B.  Late.  On  April  15, 
1907,  it  was  incorporated  under  its  present  name.  Employ- 
ment is  furnished  for  12  men,  4 of  whom  are  skilled  workmen. 
The  plant  is  run  12  months  in  the  year,  and  the  pay  roll  aver- 
ages $500.00  monthly. 

This  establishment  will  be  discussed  further  in  a subse- 
quent chapter  on  clays. 

Bridgeport,  like  nearly  all  Harrison  county  towns,  is 
surrounded  by  a rich  farming  and  grazing  region,  as  well  as 
coal  fields  and  natural  gas  pools. 

Gypsy. 

« 

Gypsy  is  a small  coal  mining  town  located  on  the  east 
bank  of  West  Fork  river,  2.5  miles  below  the  mouth  of  Simp- 
son creek.  It  is  connected  with  Fairmont  and  Clarksburg  by 
the  Monongahela  River  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  & Ohio 
railroad,  as  well  as  by  the  Fairmont  & Clarksburg  Electric 
railroad.  The  census  of  1910  gives  its  population  as  525. 

Wilsonburg. 

Wilsonburg  is  a small  town  located  on  the  main  line  of 
the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad,  3^4  miles  west  from  Clarks- 
burg. It  is  also  connected  with  the  latter  place  by  an  electric 
railroad  whose  western  terminus  is  at  this  point.  In  1900  the 
town  had  a population  of  350,  but  the  census  of  1910  gives 
it  410. 

Mt.  Clare  (Byron  Station). 

Mount  Clare,  or  Byron  Station,  is  located  on  the  W.  Va. 
& Pittsburgh  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad,  7 
miles  south  from  Clarksburg.  It  is  a coal  mining  town,  and 
in  1900  had  a population  of  319,  but  the  census  of  1910  gives 
it  325. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


29 


Wallace. 

Wallace  is  located  on  the  W.  Va.  Short  Line  Branch  of 
the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad  about  21  miles  by  rail  north- 
west from  Clarksburg.  In  1900  it  had  a population  of  248, 
but  the  census  of  1910  reports  it  as  375.  During  the  last 
decade  the  town  has  enjoyed  a rapid  growth,  due  to  the  de- 
velopment of  the  oil  and  gas  fields  in  the  vicinity.  It  has 
probably  fallen  off  in  population  during  the  last  three  or  tour 
years,  owing  to  a decline  in  drilling  operations  in  this  locality. 

Bristol. 

Bristol  is  a small  town  located  on  the  maifi  line  of  the 
Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad,  2 miles  east  from,  Salem,  and  11 
miles  west  from  Clarksburg.  It  has  also  increased  consider- 
ably in  population  during  the  last  decade  for  the  same  reason 
as  that  given  for  Salem  and  Wallace.  In  1900  it  had  a popu- 
lation of  232.  The  census  of  1910  gives  it  the  same  number. 

Enterprise. 

Enterprise  is  a small  coal  mining  town  located  on  the 
Monongahela  River  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Rail- 
road, in  the  northern  edge  of  Harrison  county,  3 miles  north- 
east of  Shinnston.  In  1900  it  had  a population  of  115,  but  the 
census  of  1910  gives  it  365. 

Meadowbrook. 

Meadowbrook  is  a small  town  located  on  the  Monon- 
gahela River  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad  on 
the  east  bank  of.  the  Monongahela  river  at  the  mouth  of 
Simpson  creek.  It  is  also  a coal  mining  town.  During  1910 
a large  zinc  spelter  plant  was  built  a short  distance  (one-half 
mile)  southwest  from  this  place.  In  1900  the  town  had  a 
population  of  196.  The  census  of  1910  gives  it  75. 


30 


HISTORICAL  AND  INDUSTRIAL  DEVELOPMENT. 


Glen  Falls. 

Glen  Falls  is  a small  coal  mining  town  located  on  the 
Monongahela  River  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad, 
on  the  east  bank  of  the  Monongahela  river,  2 miles  northeast 
of  Clarksburg.  It  probably  receives  its  name  from  Falls  run, 
emptying  into  the  river  just  above  the  town.  In  1900  it  had 
a population  of  233,  but  the  census  of  1910  gives  it  247. 

Wolf  Summit. 

Wolf  Summit  is  a small  town  located  on  the  main  line 
of  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad,  7 miles  west  from  Clarks- 
burg. It  is  located  in  the  midst  of  a great  oil  and  gas  field 
and  for  that  reason  once  had  a “mushroom”  growth  character- 
istic of  oil  field  towns  of  other  portions  of  the  State.  In  1900 
it  had  a population  of  183.  The  census  of  1910  gives  it  200. 

Lost  Creek. 

Lost  Creek  is  situated  on  the  W.  Va.  & Pittsburgh 
Branch  of  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad,  12  miles  south  from 
Clarksburg.  This  place  is  situated  in  a rich  agricultural 
region  and  in  the  midst  of  a great  gas  field.  It  takes  its  name 
from  the  creek  on  which  it  is  located.  In  1900  it  had  a popu- 
lation of  160.  The  census  of  1910  gives  it  225. 

West  Milford. 

West  Milford  is  a small  rural  village  located  on  the  north 
bank  of  West  Fork  river,  6 miles  southwest  of  Clarksburg. 
It  is  situated  in  the  midst  of  the  best  farming  region  of 
Harrison  county,  and  the  latter  is  one  of  the  best  agricultural 
counties  in  the  State.  Like  all  strictly  agricultural  towns  in 
West  Virginia,  it  has  not  grown  much  during  the  last  decade. 
In  1900  the  population  was  187.  The  census  of  1910  gives  it 
212,  or  a gain  of  only  13.3  per  cent. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


31 


Sardis.  ♦ 

Sardis  is  a small  rural  village  located  on  Tenmile  creek 
at  the  mouth  of  Katys  Lick  creek,  6 miles  northwest  from 
Clarksburg.  It  is  surrounded  by  a rich  agricultural  commu- 
nity. In  1900  the  population  was  reported  as  139.  The 
census  of  1910  gives  it  255. 

Jarvisville. 

Jarvisville  is  another  small  rural  village  located  on  the 
south  fork  of  Tenmile  creek,  S miles  southwest  of  Clarksburg. 
It  is  situated  at  the  eastern  edge  of  the  Fifth  Sand  oil  belt  of 
Harrison  county,  and  for  that  reason  has  been  a busy  little 
town.  In  1900  it  had  a population  of  163.  The  census  of 
1910  gives  it  195. 

Brown. 


Brown  is  located  on  the  W.  Va.  Short  Line  Branch  of 
the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad,  on  Little  Tenmile  creek,  18.4 
miles  by  rail  northwest  from  Clarksburg.  The  same  distance 
by  air  line  is  only  ten  miles.  In  1900  the  population  of  the 
town  was  reported  as  154.  The  census  of  1910  gives  it  225. 

The  following  is  a list  of  additional  towns  and  crossroad 
villages  other  than  those  described  above  in  Harrison  county, 
with  their  population  added  both  for  1900  and  1910: 

Population. 


Quiet  Dell 

Rockford 

Johnstown 

Goodhope  

Dola 

Wyatt 

Routines.  Mills 

Benson  

Mineral 

Farnum  


1900 

1910 

132 

210 

127 

180 

129 

175 

66 

95 

61 

150 

73 

125 

121 

130 

31 

125 

53 

53 

31 

25 

32 


HISTORICAL  AND  INDUSTRIAL  DEVELOPMENT. 


Jtmtown  

Peora 

Oral 

Lynch  (Maken) 


54 

45 

43 

75 

22 

16 

24 

23 

The  towns  in  the  above  list  are  merely  crossroad  villages, 
generally  having  a post  office,  blacksmith  shop  and  store  to 
accommodate  the  farmers  of  the  surrounding  region.  The 
census  bureau  of  Washington,  D.  C.,  does  not  give  the  popu- 
lation of  unincorporated  towns ; hence  population  statistics 
for  these  smaller  places  in  both  counties  were  largely  ob- 
tained from  Rand-McNally’s  ‘'Shipper’s  Guide  of  West  Vir- 
ginia.” 


CHAPTER  II. 

THE  PHYSIOGRAPHY  OF  THE  DODDRIDGE- 
HARRISON  AREA. 


A description  of  the  physiography  of  any  region  cannot 
fail  to  interest  anyone  engaged  in  a scientific  study  of  nature’s 
works.  To  the  old  resident  of  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area, 
the  general  surface  configuration  as  represented  by  the  hills 
and  valleys,  seems  never  to  change,  but  on  the  contrary  ap- 
pears to  have  preserved  its  present  forms  throughout  all  the 
ages.  However,  these  land  forms  pass  through  a life  cycle — 
youth,  maturity  and  old  age — in  a very  similar  manner  as 
does  the  world  of  living  organisms.  When  time  is  consid- 
ered in  a geologic  sense  these  changes  are  taking  place  rapidly, 
though  probably  not  observed  by  the  untrained  eye. 

The  engraving  tools  that  disintegrate  the  rock  material 
and  start  it  on  its  march  to  the  sea,  its  final  resting  place,,  are 
the  atmosphere  with  its  evaporation,  precipitation,  and  elec- 
trical effects ; its  variations  of  temperature,  heat  and  cold ; 
and  running  water,  both  surface  and  underground. 

Geologic  study  has  shown  that  the  Appalachian  area  was 
reduced  to  a peneplain  in  Cretaceous  time,  and  re-elevated  to 
be  reduced  to  a second  peneplain  during  the  Tertiary  period. 
Again  to  be  re-elevated  at  the  close  of  the  Tertiary  period,  and 
at  the  present  time  is  being  reduced  to  a third  peneplain. 

In  the  Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler  report  of  the  State  Survey, 
the  writer  has  there  given  a full  description  of  the  different 
life  periods  of  the  land  forms,  to  which  the  reader  is  referred 
for  a discussion  of  the  same. 

The  rivers  and  large  streams  pass  through  the  same  cycle 
of  development  as  the  land  forms,  in  a manner  similar  to  the 
life  history  of  organic  forms,  passing  from  the  period  of 

infancy,  £>r  youth,  through  adolescence,  maturity  to  old  age 


34 


PHYSIOGRAPHY. 


and  death.  The  erosive  life  of  a river  or  smaller  stream  is 
not  measured  so  much  from  the  duration  of  its  existence  as 
by  the  work  of  erosion  it  has  accomplished  and  what  yet 
remains  to  be  completed.  The  writer  gives  the  following 
account  of  the  different  stages  of  a stream’s  life  history  in 
the  Wirt-Roane-Calhoun  Report,  pages  30-31 : 

“In  the  early  stage  of  the  stream’s  formation  the  longitudinal 
slope  of  its  channel  as  it  cuts  its  way  downward,  is  steep.  Erosion 
is  necessarily  rapid  through  the  softer  rocks,  the  harder  and  more 
resistent  layers  forming  water  falls  and  the  stream,  now  in  its  period 
of  infancy  or  youth,  is  passing  to  adolescence.  It  is  now  cutting  its 
channel  deeper  and  deeper  and  does  very  little  lateral  erosion.  As 
the  channel  floor  of  the  stream  approaches  closer  to  the  level  of  its 
mouth,  the  gradient  is  much  reduced  and  as  a consequence  the  current 
of  the  stream  much  slower,  and  the  hard,  projecting  ledges  are 
brought  to  the  general  slope  of  the  stream.  Its  load  of  sediment, 
formerly  carried  out  by  the  swifter  stream,  is  deposited  in  flood-plains, 
the  river  now  taking  up  the  work  of  lateral  erosion  except  in  case  of 
floods,  and  over  these  flood-plains  takes  a meandering  course,  cutting 
in  on  one  bank  and  depositing  on  the  other.  It  is  now  carrying  its 
maximum  load  of  sediment  and  is  performing  its  greatest  work  of 
erosion  and  is  said  to  be  in  the  maturity  of  its  life. 

“The  period  of  old  age  is  said  to  be  reached  by  the  river  when 
it  has  graded  its  valley  floor  nearly  to  sea  level.  The  current  then 
becomes  sluggish  and  absent,  the  falling  sediment  obstructing  the 
channel,  and  the  river  is  not  able  to  perform  the  work  of  erosion  any 
longer,  settling  down  to  a period  of  senility. 

“All  the  periods  of  a river’s  life  may  be  represented  at  the  same 
time.  The  lower  course  reaches  old  age  first  while  the  upper  course 
is  pushing  its  way  hack  into  the  divide  in  early  maturity,  while  some 
of  its  tributaries  are  in  the  period  of  youth.  Sometimes  on  the  steepeT 
slope  of  a divide  the  swifter  and  more  rapid  stream  cuts  through  the 
divide,  taps  the  head-waters  and  robs  a stream  on  the  opposite  side. 
This  is  called  stream  piracy.  The  remnants  of  the  old  stream,  still 
pursuing  their  old  courses,  are  spoken  of  as  beheaded  streams.  A 
case  in  point  is  Beaver  Dam  creek  where  it  formerly  crossed  Blue 
Ridge,  6 miles  due  south  of  Charlestown,  W.  Va.  xThis  stream  wras 
unable  to  deepen  its  channel  across  this  hard  rock  ridge  as  rapidly 
as  the  Shenandoah  branch  of  the  Potomac  lowered  its  bed,  and  as  a 
result  the  first  stream  was  beheaded  by  the  Shenandoah  river.  This 
is  only  one  of  the  numerous  instances  of  this  kind. 

“It  sometimes  happens  that  a stream  in  mature  age  is  revivified 
with  all  the  appearances  of  youth.  For  instance,  take  a peneplain  that 
has  been  elevated  to  an  upland,  having  its  mature,  meandering  rivers. 
It  naturally  follows  that  the  work  of  erosion  is  taken  up  first  along 
these  old  channels.  These  rivers  take  on  the  activity  of  renewed 
youth  and  cut  their  inherited  gorges  with  their  winding  courses 
deeper.  Thus  we  have  a youthful  stream  with  many  features  of  in- 
herited maturity. 

“Sometimes  the  course  of  a river  and  topographic  history  may  he 
influenced  by  forces  so  unusual  as  to  be  termed  a ‘geologic  accident’. 


1.  Professional  Paper  No.  60,  p.  51,  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey;  1908. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


35 


Such  was  the  case  during  the  Quaternary  period  of  the  history  of  the 
North  American  continent,  when  the  northern  seas  were  covered  with 
an  ice  sheet  of  great  extent  and  thickness.  This  great  wall  of  ice 
moved  southward,  forming  dams  across  the  courses  of  rivers,  resulting 
in  great  ponds  and  lakes,  causing  them  to  overflow  at  some  low  point 
in  their  enclosing  valley  wralls.  Here  further  erosion  would  take  place, 
and  form  a new  channel  which  might  be  continued  when  the  ice- 
barrier  melted  away.” 

The  southern  terminus  of  this  great  northern  glacier 
referred  to  above  was  70  to  80  miles  northwest  from  the 
Doddridge-Harrison  area,  but  the  indirect  effects  of  its  flood 
and  water  extended  over  a considerable  portion  of  the  two 
counties;  viz.,  along  both  banks  of  West  Fork  river  and  its 
tributaries  in  Harrison  county,  and  along  the  waters  of  Middle 
Island  creek  in  Doddridge. 

If  an  examination  is  made  of  the  drainage  system  of  the 
area  under  discussion,  it  is  found  that  in  Harrison  the  West 
Fork  river  and  its  several  tributaries  have  a distinct  northward 
trend,  showing  beyond  doubt  that  they  flowed  into  the 
Monongahela  when  the  latter  was  a tributary  to  the  ancient 
and  pre-glacial  Pittsburgh  river,  the  latter  running  northward 
from  near  the  present  site  of  Beaver  Falls,  Pa.,  into  the  St. 
Lawrence  drainage  basin.  It  is  also  found  that  in  Doddridge, 
Middle  Island  creek  and  its  tributaries  have  a distinct  north- 
west trend,  and  that  it  is  quite  probable  that  this  stream’s  chan- 
nel constituted  a part  of  the  drainage  system  of  the  pre-glacial 
Marietta  river.  None  of  the  streams  of  the  Doddridge-Harri- 
son area  has  as  yet  reached  base  level,  but,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  West  Fork  river,  all  have  a rapid  rate  of  fall,  with 
meandering  courses,  tending  to  show  that  they  possess  this 
mature  character  by  inheritance. 

The  following  table  shows  in  a graphic  manner  not  only 
the  rate  of  fall  per  mile  of  the  principal  streams  of  the 
Doddridge-Harrison  area,  but  their  departure  from  a straight 
line  course,  and  the  ratio  of  the  total  distance  between  the 
points  on  the  same,  measured  by  the  meanders  of  the  streams, 
to  the  air  line  distance  between  the  same  points: 


36 


PHYSIOGRAPHY. 


STREAMS 

Total 

Fall 

feet 

1 Total 
Distance 
Miles 

Rate  of 
fall  per 
Mile.  Feei 

Air  Line 
Distance 
Miles 

Ratio 
T.  D.  to 
A.  L.  D. 

West  Fork  river,  from  Lewis-Harrison 
Co.  line  to  Tygarts  Valley  river 

112 

55.8 

2.0 

| 27.6 

2.0 

West  Fork  river,  from  Lewis-Harrison 
Co.  line  to  Weston 

31 

10.0 

3.1 

6.6 

1.5 

Bingamon  creek,  mouth  to  Peora 

69 

6.4 

10.7 

4.0 

1.6 

Bingamon  creek.  Peora-Margaret 

74 

6.8 

10.9 

5.8 

1.1 

Tenmile  creek,  mouth  to  Marsh ville.  ..  . 

71 

12.2 

5.8 

7.6 

1.6 

Tenmile  creek,  Marshville  to  Jarvisville 

78 

8.4 

9.3 

6.2 

1.3 

Little  Tenmile.  mauth  to  Wallace 

78 

7.8 

10.0 

6.8 

1.1 

Kincheloe  creek,  mouth  te  Benson 

62 

5.8 

10.6 

5.4 

1.1 

Booths  creek,  mouth  to  Boothsville 

86 

7.8 

11.0 

4.6 

1.7 

Booths  creek,  Boothsville  to  Meadland.  . 

350 

6.8 

51.4 

5.3 

1.3 

Shinns  run,  mouth  to  Saltwell 

95 

3.2 

29.7 

2.9 

1.1 

Simpson  creek,  mouth  to  Douglas  run... 

81 

12.2 

6.2  | 

| 8.0 

1.5 

Simpson  creek,  Douglas  run  to  Simpson. 

100 

7.6 

13.1  | 

1 6.9 

1.1 

Elk  creek,  mouth  to  mouth  of  Gnatty... 

76 

13.2 

5.8  | 

1 8.5 

1.5 

Elk  creek,  mouth  of  Gnatty  to  Elk  City. 

82 

10.0 

8.2 

| 8.8 

1.1 

Browns  creek,  mouth  to  2 miles  south- 
east of  Byron 

140 

3.6 

1 

38.8 

3.6 

1.0 

Lost  creek,  mouth  to  Rockford 

72 

6.6 

10.9 

5.0 

1.3 

Hackers  creek,  mouth  to  Berlin 

55 

12.2 

4.5 

8.0 

1.5 

Hackers  creek,  Berlin  to  Ruraldale 

85 

7.4 

11.4 

6.7 

1.1 

McElroy  creek,  mouth  to  mouth  of  Flint 

44 

10.2 

4.3 

5.8 

1.8 

McElroy  creek,  mouth  of  Flint  to  Center- 
point  

48 

7.6 

6.3 

5.3 

1.4 

McElroy  creek,  Centerpoint  to  Cascara.  . 

142 

6.8 

20.9 

5.2 

1.3 

Flint  run,  mouth  to  Flint  P.  O 

105 

6.9 

15.2 

5.7 

1.2 

Middle  Island,  mouth  of  Arnolds  creek 
to  mouth  of  Bluestone 

46 

10.5 

4.3 

5.0 

2.1 

Middle  Island,  mouth  of  Bluestone  to 
Avon  

97 

14.8 

6.5 

9.1 

1.6 

Middle  Island,  Avon  to  Big  Isaac 

115 

6.6 

17.4 

| 6.0 

1.1 

Arnolds  creek,  mouth  to  Claylick  run... 

78 

6.8 

11.4  | 

4.6 

1.5 

Hughes  river,  Oxford  to  Kelly 

100 

6.0 

16.6  | 

5.6 

1.1 

Hughes  river.  Summers  to  Grove 

90 

4.2 

21.4  | 

3.6 

1.1 

Cove  creek,  mouth  to  Leopold 

100 

8.8 

11.4  | 

1 

7.2 

1.2 

In  the  last  column  of  the  above  table  is  given  the  ratio 
of  the  total  distance  (T.  D.)  measured  by  the  meanders  of 
the  stream  to  the  air  line  distance  (A.  L.  D.).  In  each  in- 
stance it  is  very  evident  that  the  nearer  this  ratio  approaches 
unity,  the  greater  the  rate  of  fall. 

Prior  to  the  glacial  period,  the  Monongahela  river  and  its 
larger  tributaries  probably  cut  their  channels  to  near  the  base 
level  of  the  old  Pittsburgh  river,  and  then  started  to  cut  their 
present  meandering  channels.  Middle  Island  creek  and  its 
larger  branches  probably  did  likewise  with  reference  to  the 
Old  Marietta  river.  Later  the  greatly  increased  volume  of 
water  in  the  Ohio,  now  flowing  southwestward,  cut  its  chan- 
nel deeper  much  more  rapidly  than  its  tributaries,  and  thus 
revivified  the  latter  with  new  life  and  energy. 

The  heavy  deposit  of  silt  in  the  low  gap  near  the  west 


PLATE  III  (a). — Topography  of  the  Monongahela  series  at  Rey- 
noldsville,  Harrison  county. 


PLATE  III  (b). — Same  slightly  farther  east. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


37 


edge  of  Salem,  Harrison  county,  is  evidence  that  this  depres- 
sion in  the  dividing  ridge  between  the  waters  of  the  old 
Pittsburgh  and  Marietta  rivers  was  occupied  by  quite  a large 
stream  of  water  during  the  glacial  period,  connecting  both 
drainage  basins. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  DRAINAGE  BASINS. 

West  Fork  River. 

The  West  Fork  river  is  the  largest  stream  in  the 
Doddridge-Harrison  area.  It  almost  bisects  Harrison  county 
in  a northeast-southwest  direction,  and  together  with  the 
Tygart  Valley  river  forms  the  Monangahela,  one  mile  and  a 
half  southwest  from  Fairmont.  West  Fork  has  its  head  in 
the  southern  portion  of  Upshur  county,  47.6  miles  by  air  line 
measurement  from  its  mouth.  The  distance  measured  by  the 
meanders  between  the  same  points  is  91.5  miles.  The  entire 
area  of  its  drainage  basin  is  842.8  square  miles.  The  whole 
of  Harrison  county  lies  within  this  basin.  By  far  the  larger 
portion  of  this  basin  has  been  stripped  of  its  original  forests 
and  is  under  cultivation.  For  that  reason  it  is  subject  to  sud- 
den floods  and  periods  of  very  low  water  to  a much  greater 
extent  than  the  Tygart  Valley  fork  of  the  Monongahela,  this 
river  having  its  headwaters  mostly  in  a forest  covered  region. 
Along  both  banks  of  West  Fork  in  Harrison  county  there 
occur  a series  of  alluvial  terraces  which  will  be  described  on 
a subsequent  page  of  this  report. 

In  order  to  determine  the  surface  water  supply  of  the 
Ohio  river  basin,  the  United  States  Geological  Survey  estab- 
lished several  gauging  stations  on  the  many  large  tributaries 
of  the  latter  in  West  Virginia.  One  of  these  stations  is 
located  on  West  Fork  river  at  Enterprise,  Harrison  county, 
12  miles  by  the  meanders  of  the  latter  above  the  junction  of 
West  Fork  and  Tygart  Valley  rivers.  The  following  inter- 
esting data  obtained  at  the  Enterprise  gauging  station,  is 
taken  from  Water  Supply  paper  No.  263  of  the  U.  S. 
Geological  Siirvey,  pages  49  and  50 : 

“This  station,  which  is  located  at  the  highway  bridge  at  Enter- 
prise, W.  Va.,  was  established  June  2,  1907,  to  obtain  data  for  use  in 


3« 


PHYSIOGRAPHY. 


studying  water  power,  water  supply,  pollution,  flood  control,  and 
storage  problems. 

“Bingamon  Creek  is  tributary  from  the  west  about  1 mile  below 
the  station. 

“Winter  conditions  are  mild  and  ice  does  not  form  very  thick, 
if  at  all. 

“A  small  dam  is  located  at  Worthington,  about  3 miles  below  the 
station,  but  backwater  does  not  reach  to  the  section,  for,  from  Decem- 
ber 5 to  12,  1908,  when  the  gates  of  the  dam  were  opened  to  let  water 
out  of  the  pond,  no  effect  was  produced  at  the  gage.  The  gage  reader 
states  that  during  the  summer  of  1908  the  only  water  running  in  the 
river  was  the  p»umpage  from  the  numerous  coal  mines  along  the  stream. 

“The  datum  of  the  chain  gage,  attached  to  the  bridge,  has  re- 
mained unchanged;  the  records  are  reliable  and  accurate. 

“Sufficient  data  have  not  yet  been  collected  to  enable  estimates  of 
flow  to  be  made.” 


Discharge  measurements  of  West  Fork  River  at 
Enterprise,  W.  Va.,  in  1909. 


Date 

Hydrographer 

Width 

Area  of 
Section 

Gage  | 
Height 

Dis- 

charge 

May  18 

A. 

H.  Horton 

| Feet 
| 153 

| Sq.  Feet  | 

| 292  | 

i i 

Feet  | 

| 1.68  i 

Sec.  Ft. 
128 

December 

6 G. 

L.  Parker 

| 

| 151 

1 

1 1 
| 240  | 

1 

| 

1.40  | 

1 

| 60 

1 

Daily  gage  height,  in  feet,  of  West  Fork  River  at 
Enterprise,  W.  Va.,  in  1909. 

(C.  M.  Tetrick,  observer.) 


DAY 

| Jan. 

| Feb.  | 

Mar.  | Apr.  | 

May  | 

June  | July  | Aug.  | Sept. 

| Oct.  | 

[ Nov.  | 

Dec. 

1.  . . 

■ 1 1-3! 

2 . 9 1 

4 . 8 1 

3 . 8 1 

8 . 9 1 

1.91 

2 . 6 1 

1 . 6 1 

1.31 

1-21 

l.G| 

1.5 

2 

.|  1.1 

2 . 8 1 

4 . 4 1 

3 . 4| 

7.01 

1.81 

2 . 3 1 

1.51 

1.2 

1.2 

1 - 5 1 

1.5 

3 .’  .’  .* 

.1  1.6 

2 . 6 1 

3 . 5 1 

3 . 0| 

5.21 

1-81 

1 • 9 1 

1 .4| 

1.2 

1.1 

1.51 

1.5 

4.  . . 

.|  1.8 

4 . 8| 

3 . 6 1 

3 . 3| 

4 . 5 1 

1.8} 

1.3| 

1.3) 

1.2 

1.0 

1.51 

1.5 

5 . . . 

.|  1.8 

4 . 4 1 

6 . 2 1 

3 . 8 1 

3.81 

2.4] 

1.5 

1.2] 

1.2 

1.0 

1.6 

1.5 

6.  . . 

.1  1.9 

4 . 0 1 

4 . 2 1 

3 . 4 1 

3 . 2 1 

2 . 3 [ 

1.5 

1 .4| 

1.1 

.9 

1 . 5 

1.4 

7 . . . 

.|  1.8 

3 . 9 1 

4 .0| 

3 . 0 1 

2.81 

2.5] 

1.4 

1 . 3 1 

1.1 

.9 

1.5 

1.5 

8.\‘. 

.1  1.7 

3 . 8 1 

3 . 8 1 

2 . 7 1 

2.51 

2.4] 

1.3 

1.2] 

1.1 

1.0 

1.4 

1.6 

9.  . . 

.1  1.7 

4 . 3 1 

3 . 7 1 

2.51 

2 . 3 1 

9.1| 

1.2 

1.11 

1.1 

.9 

1.4 

1.7 

10.  . . 

.1  1.6 

8 . 3 1 

3 . 5 1 

2 . 3 1 

2.21 

4.8| 

1.1] 

1 .0| 

1.9 

.9 

1.5| 

2.0 

11.  . . 

.|  1.5 

6 . 8 1 

4 . 4 1 

2.21 

2.11 

5 .3| 

1.1| 

.9| 

4.3 

.9 

4.31 

1.8 

12.  . . 

.1  2.3 

5 . 2 1 

3 . 8 1 

2.11 

2.01 

4 .8| 

1.0) 

•8| 

3.2 

1.2 

3 . 3 1 

6.4 

13.  . . 

.|  1.8 

4 .8| 

3 . 6 1 

2.1] 

1.91 

4 . 5 1 

1.51 

. 8| 

2.2 

1.5 

2 . 5 1 

4.6 

14.  . . 

.|  1.7 

4 . 3 1 

3 . 4 1 

6 . 7 1 

1.9) 

3 . 3 1 

1.7 

1 

.8| 

1.8 

1.4 

2 . 2 1 

3.5 

15.  . . 

.j  8.5 

3 . 9 1 

2 . 9 1 

5 . 6 1 

1 . 7 1 

4-31 

1-8) 

1 . 2 1 

1.6 

1-4 

1 2.0| 

3.1 

16.  . . 

.1  6.4 

10. 9| 

2.61 

4 . 4 1 

1.71 

3 . 5 1 

2 . 0 1 

2.01 

1.5 

1-4 

1 1-9| 

2.9 

17.  . . 

.|  4.8 

8 . 3 1 

4 . 3 1 

3.3) 

1.71 

2.81 

1.9 

1 

2.5| 

1.4 

1-4] 

1 1-8| 

2.8 

18.  . . 

.1  6.4 

3 . 8 1 

4 . 0 1 

3 . 0 1 

1.61 

7.1| 

1 - 7 1 

2 .0| 

1.3 

1.5 

1 1 • 7| 

2.7 

19.  . . 

• | 4.1 

4 . 3 1 

3 . 7 1 

2 . 8 1 

1.5| 

6 . 6 1 

1.8) 

1 . 9 1 

1.2 

1.4 

1 1-61 

2.6 

20.  . . 

.|  3.3 

4 .8| 

3 . 2 1 

3 . 3 1 

1 . 5 1 

5.5( 

1.7 

I 

1 . 7 1 

1.2 

1.4 

1 1-6| 

2.5 

21.  . . 

.|  2.8 

3 . 8 1 

2 . 9 1 

9 . 4 1 

1 . 9 1 

3.0| 

1.51 

3 . 4 1 

1.2 

1.4 

1 1-5|. 

22.  . . 

.1  2.7 

5 . 0 1 

4.4|: 

L0 . 3 1 

2.61 

2.6] 

1.41 

2 .7| 

1.1 

1.4 

1 1.51, 

23.  . . 

• i 2.4 

4 . 3 1 

3.8| 

9 . 3 1 

2.2| 

2 . 7| 

1-3! 

2 . 3 1 

1.1 

1.6 

1 1-5|, 

24.  . . 

.|  4.3 

10.0| 

3 . 5 1 

7 . 1 1 

2 . 0 1 

2 . 6 1 

1 - 2 1 

1 . 8 1 

1.1 

7.2 

1 1-5|, 

25.  . . 

.|  3.9 

7 . 9 1 

3 . 2 1 

5 . 4 1 

1 . 8 1 

2 . 6 1 

1.5 

1.61 

1.5 

6.4 

1 1-61, 

26.  . . 

.|  3.4 

5 . 9 1 

3 . 0 1 

4 . 6 1 

1 . 7 1 

2.5( 

1.7 

1 . 4 1 

1.2 

3.8 

1 1.81, 

27.  . . 

.1  3.0 

4 . 8 1 

2 . 9 1 

4 .0| 

2 . 0 1 

4 - 2 1 

1.6! 

1 .3] 

1.1 

2.8 

1 1-7| 

2 ! 3 

28.  . . 

• | 2.8 

5 . 3 1 

2 .8| 

3 . 5 1 

2 .5| 

9 . 3 1 

1 • 5 1 

1.2| 

1.4 

2.3 

1 1.61, 

29.  . . 

.|  2.8 

1 1 

4 . 3 1 

3 . 0 1 

2 . 3 1 

4.41 

1.41 

1 . 1 1 

1.2 

2.2 

1 1 - 6 1 . 

30.  . . 

• | 3.3 

3 . 9 1 

2.81 

2 . 2 1 

3.3! 

1*61 

1.31 

1.3 

1.8 

1 1.6! 

31  . . 

.|  3.0 

3 . 6 1 

2.1] 

....) 

1.7 

1 

1 . 3 1 

1.8 

! 

Note.- 

—Ice 

conditions  December  : 

18  to 

31. 

Thickness  of 

ice 

December 

‘27; 

0.3  foot.' 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


39 


An  examination  of  the  above  tables  readily  shows  that 
the  low  water  period  for  the  West  Fork  river  for  the  year 
1909  occurred  during  the  months  of  July,  August,  September, 
October  and  November.  However,  the  year  1911  will  show 
this  stream  having  high  water  stages  during  the  whole  of 
the  months  of  September  and  October.  Hence,  as  mentioned 
in  the  Water  Supply  Paper  referred  to  above,  the  gages  have 
not  extended  over  a sufficient  number  of  years  to  be  reliable. 

Haymond2  gives  the  following  interesting  account  of  an 
early  attempt  to  obtain  slackwater  on  West  Fork  river: 

“The  Legislature  on  January  19,  1817,  passed  an  act  incorporating 
a company  for  the  improvement  of  the  navigation  of  the  West  Fork 
and  Monongahela  rivers  to  be  called  the  Monongahela  Navigation 
Company. 

“The  object  of  the  Company  was  to  make  a channel  navigable  fcr 
flat  boats,  rafts  and  lumber  at  all  seasons  from  the  mouth  of  Stone 
Coal  Creek  on  the  West  Fork  River  down  that  stream  and  the  Monon- 
gahela to  the  Pennsylvania  State  line,  and  were  authorized  to  con- 
struct locks,  slopes  and  dams  for  that  purpose. 

“Authority  was  also  given  the  Company  to  cut  a canal  and  divert 
the  waters  of  the  Buckhannon  river  to  the  waters  of  the  West  Fork 
river,  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  an  additional  supply  of  water. 

“The  following  persons  were  authorized  to  open  books  in  Clarks- 
burg to  receive  subscriptions  for  stock  to  aid  the  enterprise.  The 
shares  were  for  $100.00  each  and  the  amount  limited  to  $150,000. 

“John  G.  Jackson,  Benjamin  Wilson,  Jr.,  James  Pindall,  George  I. 
Davisson,  William  Williams  and  David  Hewes,  John  Stealey,  Ralph 
Berkshire,  Felix  Scott,  Thomas  Wilson,  John  Rogers  and  George  S. 
Darling  were  authorized  to  receive  subscriptions. 

“Additional  acts  were  subsequently  passed  enlarging  the  powers 
of  the  Company  and  a survey  was  made  from  Weston  down  to  the 
Pennsylvania  State  line,  and  the  distance  was  found  to  be  107  miles 
and  the  fall  223  feet. 

“The  work  was  commenced  on  the  West  Fork  in  Harrison  County 
and  several  dams  were  constructed. 

“The  sum  of  a fraction  less  than  $21,000  was  expended  in  this 
work,  one  fifth  of  which  had  been  contributed  by  the  State  of  Virginia, 
which  was  a large  sum  for  that  day. 

“Shortly  after  these  dams  were  constructed  and  others  about  to 
be  commenced  there  came  one  of  Noah’s  floods,  which  did  so  much 
damage  to  the  property  that  the  enterprise  was  abandoned. 

“In  1829  proceedings  were  instituted  in  the  Circuit  Court  by  the 
Board  of  Public  Works  to  declare  the  rights  and  franchises  of  the 
Company  forfeited  and  vested  in  the  said  Board. 

“The  dams  constructed  by  the  Company  were  declared  common 
nuisances  and  the  sheriff  was  ordered  to  abate  them.  These  dams  are 
described  as  located  one  at  the  mouth  of  Jack  Run,  one  at  or  near 
Lambert’s  Run,  one  at  the  Falls  above  the  mouth  of  Ten  Mile  Creek, 
one  near  Benjamin  Reader’s  and  one  at  the  White  rocks.” 


2.  History  of  Harrison  County,  pages  427  and  428;  1910. 


40 


PHYSIOGRAPHY. 


In  Harrison  county  there  occur  several  well  defined  old 
abandoned  channels  of  West  Fork  river.  Taking  these  up  in 
succession  from  south  to  north,  we  find  the  first  of  these  now 
occupied  mostly  by  the  small  stream,  nearly  two  miles  in 
length,  that  empties  into  the  river  from  the  east  side,  one  mile 
and  a half  below  the  mouth  of  Hackers  creek.  Passing  on 
down  the  river  about  three  miles,  we  find  a well  marked  old 
channel,  the  upper  portion  of  which  is  at  present  occupied  by 
Duck  creek  for  three-fourths  mile  in  its  lower  course.  The 
other  leg  of  the  channel  evidently  passed  to  the  east  side  of 
the  round  knob,  located  one-half  mile  northeast  from  the 
mouth  of  Duck  creek.  It  also  seems  quite  probable  that  the 
river  once  flowed  through  the  low  gap  at  the  southeast  edge 
of  the  round  knob,  located  one-half  mile  due  south  of  the 
town  of  West  Milford.  Passing  on  down  West  Fork  to  a 
point  about  two  miles  below  West  Milford,  we  find  an  old 
channel  of  the  river  just  east  of  the  public  highway  extending 
northward  from  Highland  ford  to  Allen  ford.  On  below  this 
at  a point  about  one  mile  northwest  from  Farnum,  we  find 
an  old  abandoned  channel,  barely  two  miles  long,  which  is 
now  closely  followed  by  the  W.  Va.  Short  Line  Branch  of 
the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad.  Then,  too,  at  Meadowbrcok, 
we  find  an  old  abandoned  channel  of  the  river  extending 
almost  due  northward  from  the  latter  point  and  having  a 
length  of  slightly  over  a mile.  It  is  also  closely  followed  by 
the  same  railroad. 

In  Harrison  county,  the  principal  western  tributaries  of 
the  West  Fork  river,  from  north  to  south,  are  Bingamon 
creek,  Robinson  run,  Tenmile  creek,  Lambert,  Crooked,  Lime- 
stone and  Davisson  runs,  and  Coburn,  Sycamore,  Buffalo, 
Isaacs,  Lick  and  Kincheloe  creeks.  Its  eastern  branches,  from 
north  to  south,  are  Laurel,  Mudlick  and  Shinns  runs,  and 
Simpson,  Elk,  Browns,  Lost,  Duck  and  Hackers  creeks.  A 
brief  description  will  now  be  given  of  the  most  important 
of  these  tributaries. 

Bingamon  Creek. — Bingamon  creek  empties  into  West 
Fork  river  one  mile  north  of  Enterprise,  at  the  point  where 
the  Marion-Harrison  county  line  crosses  the  latter  stream. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


41 


It  has  its  source  at  the  common  corner  to  Wetzel,  Marion 
and  Harrison  counties,  and  has  a narrow  “V”  shaped  valley 
with  high  steep  walls.  Thb  area  of  its  drainage  basin  is  46 
square  miles.  The  total  distance  from  its  mouth  to  its  head, 
measured  by  the  meanders  of  the  stream,  is  16.2  miles.  The 
air  line  distance  between  the  same  points  is  11.7  miles.  From 
Margaret  to  Peora  the  stream  falls  74  feet  in  a distance  of  6.8 
miles,  or  at  the  rate  of  10.9  feet  to  the  mile.  From  Peora  to 
the  mouth  of  Bingamon,  the  stream  falls  69  feet  in  a distance 
of  6.4  miles,  or  at  the  rate  of  10.7  feet  to  the  mile.  The  lower 
part  of  its  course  is  quite  crooked.  It  no  doubt  possesses  this 
mature  character  by  inheritance  from  glacial  times. 

Tenmile  Creek. — Tenmile  creek  empties  into  the  West 
Fork  river  one  mile  and  a half  below  Gypsy.  It  has  its  source 
in  the  extreme  western  point  of  Harrison  county,  one  mile 
west  of  Salem,  and  flows  in  a northeasterly  direction  with  a 
meandering  channel.  From  its  head  to  its  mouth,  measured 
by  the  windings  of  the  stream,  the  distance  is  26.4  miles.  The 
air  line  distance  between  the  same  points  is  only  15.6  miles. 
From  Jarvisville  to  Marshville  the  stream  falls  78  feet  in  8.4 
miles,  or  at  the  rate  of  9.3  feet  to  the  mile.  From  Marshville 
to  its  .mouth,  the  fall  is  71  feet  in  a distance  of  12.2  miles,  or 
at  the  rate  of  5.8  feet  to  the  mile.  The  entire  area  of  its  drain- 
age basin  is  126  square  miles.  Its  largest  tributary  is  Little 
Tenmile  creek,  whose  drainage  basin  has  an  area  of  28.4  square 
miles. 

Kincheloe  Creek. — Kincheloe  creek  has  its  source  in  the 
extreme  southwest  corner  of  Harrison  county,  and  empties 
into  West  Fork  river  at  the  point  where  the  latter  stream 
crosses  the  Harrison-Lewis  county  line.  The  area  of  its 
drainage  basin  is  21.3  square  miles.  Measured  by  the  mean- 
ders of  the  stream,  it  is  8.6  miles  from  its  head  to  the  mouth. 
The  air  line  'distance  between  the  same  points  is  7.8  miles. 
From  Benson  P.  O.  to  the  mouth  of  Kincheloe,  the  total  fall 
is  62  feet  in  5.8  miles,  or  at  the  rate  of  10.6  feet  to  the  mile. 
It  has  a narrow  “V”  shaped  valley,  with  high  fairly  steep 
walls.  Like  all  the  tributaries  of  West  Fork  river,  the  stream 
is  passing  through  the  period  of  infancy  or  youth  as  is  well 


42 


PHYSIOGRAPHY. 


indicated  by  the  rapid  rate  of  fall  and  the  work  of  erosion  it 
has  yet  to  perform. 

Booths  Creek. — Booths  creek  drains  the  northeast  corner 
of  Harrison  county.  It  has  its  source  near  Meadland  P.  O. 
in  western  Taylor  county,  and  flows  northwestward  via 
Boothsville,  emptying  into  West  Fork  river  at  Monongah,  5 
miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  latter  stream.  The  area  of  its 
drainage  basin  is  45  square  miles,  only  a small  portion  of 
which  is  included  within  the  boundaries  of  Harrison  county. 
From  its  head  to  the  mouth,  measured  by  the  windings  of  the 
stream,  the  distance  is  16.4  miles.  The  air  line  distance  be- 
tween the  same  points  is  11.6  miles.  From  Meadland  to 
Boothsville,  the  stream  has  a total  fall  of  350  feet  in  a dis- 
tance of  6.8  miles,  or  at  the  rate  of  51.4  feet  to  the  mile.  From 
Boothsville  to  its  mouth.  Booths  creek  falls  86  feet  in  a dis- 
tance of  7.8  miles,  or  at  the  rate  of  11  feet  to  the  mile.  These 
figures  illustrate  in  a graphic  manner  that  the  different  periods 
of  a stream’s  life  may  be  represented  at  the  same  time.  The 
rapid  rate  of  fall  in  its  upper  course  shows  this  portion  of 
the  stream  to  be  in  the  period  of  infancy  or  youth,  while  the 
lower  course  is  rapidly  approaching  the  period  of  adolescence. 

Simpson  Creek. — Simpson  creek  empties  into  West  Fork 
river  at  Meadowbrook.  It  has  its  source  5 miles  southwest 
from  Grafton,  Taylor  county.  The  area  of  its  drainage  basin 
is  84.6  square  miles,  about  one-half  of  which  is  situated  in 
Harrison  county,  and  the  residue  in  Taylor  and  Barbour. 
From  its*mouth  to  its  head,  the  distance  is  21.6  miles.  The 
air  line  distance  between  the  same  points  is  only  15  miles. 
From  the  town  of  Simpson  to  the  mouth  of  Douglas  run, 
three-fourths  of  a mile  west  of  the  Taylor-Harrison  county 
line,  Simpson  creek  falls  100  feet  in  7.6  miles,  or  at  the  rate 
of  13.1  feet  to  the  mile.  From  the  mouth  of  Douglas  run  to 
the  mouth  of  Simpson  creek,  the  latter  stream  falls  81  feet  in 
12.2  miles,  or  at  the  rate  of  6.6  feet  to  the  mile.  In  this  portion 
of  its  course  it  has  a wide  meandering  channel.  This  mature 
character,  however,  is  evidently  one  of  inheritance,  since  the 
rate  of  fall,  6.6  feet  to  the  mile,  shows  that  it  has  not  yet 
reached  base-level  with  West  Fork  river.  The  creek  flows 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


43 


in  a northwest  direction  entirely  across  the  great  Chestnut 
Ridge  anticlinal. 

Elk  Creek. — Elk  creek  empties  into  West  Fork  river  at 
Clarksburg.  It  was  so  designated  by  the  pioneers  from  the 
animal  of  that  name  which  formerly  abounded  on  the  stream. 
The  present  head  of  Elk  creek  is  represented  by  the  head  of 
Indian  fork,  3 miles  northeast  from  Century,  Barbour  county. 
A study  of  the  topography  of  this  region  inclines  the  writer 
to  the  belief  that  the  latter  branch  formerly  flowed  directly 
into  Tygart  river  a short  distance  above  Philippi,  but  later 
was  robbed  by  the  ever  advancing  headwaters  of  Elk  into  the 
high  plateau  of  this  locality.  The  area  of  the  drainage  basin 
of  Elk  creek  is  121.7  square  miles.  From  its  head  to  its  mouth, 
measured  by  the  windings  of  the  stream,  the  distance  is  28.6 
miles.  The  air  line  distance  between  the  same  points  is  only 
16.8  miles.  From  Elk  City  to  the  mouth  of  Gnatty  creek,  Elk 
falls  82  feet  in  10  miles,  or  at  the  rate  of  8.2  feet  to  the  mile. 
From  the  mouth  of  Gnatty  to  Clarksburg,  it  falls  only  76  feet 
in  13.2  miles,  or  at  the  rate  of  5.8  feet  to  the  mile.  In  this 
portion  of  its  course  Elk  has  a wide  meandering  channel,  but 
the  rapid  rate  of  fall  is  evidence  that  this  mature  character  is 
inherited  from  some  past  period  of  the  stream’s  life  history. 
At  two  different  points  along  the  course  of  Elk  there  occur 
well  defined  old  abandoned  channels.  The  first  of  these  is 
found  one-half  mile  southwest  from  the  town  of  Quiet  Dell, 
Harrison  county,  where  the  stream  evidently  flowed  through 
the  low  gap  between  the  two  round  knobs  on  the  east  bank  of 
the  present  channel  of  Elk.  The  other  is  located  one  mile 
southeast  from  Clarksburg,  Y to  y2  mile  west  from  the 
present  channel  of  Elk  and  between  the  mouths  of  Fowlkus 
and  Nutter  runs. 

Lost  Creek. — Lost  creek  empties  into  West  Fork  river 
one  mile  and  a half  below  the  town  of  West  Milford.  Its 
source  is  at  the  common  corner  to  Harrison,  Upshur  and 
Lewis  counties.  From  the  latter  point  to  its  mouth,  the  dis- 
tance is  9.6  miles.  The  air  line  distance  between  the  same 
points  is  7.4  miles.  From  the  town  of  Rockford  to  its  mouth, 
Lost  creek  falls  72  feet  in  a distance  of  6.6  miles,  or  at  the 


44 


PHYSIOGRAPHY. 


rate  of  10.9  feet  to  the  mile.  The  area  of  its  drainage  basin 
is  20  square  miles. 

Hackers  Creek. — Hackers  creek  rises  about  one  mile 
southwest  from  Pecks  Run  P.  O.,  Upshur  county,  and  flows 
northwestward  via  Ruraldale,  Berlin  and  Jane  Lew,  emptying 
into  West  Fork  River  one  mile  and  a half  below  the  inter- 
section of  the  latter  stream  with  the  Harrison-Lewis  county 
line.  The  area  of  its  drainage  basin  is  54.4  square  miles. 
From  its  head  to  its  mouth,  measured  by  the  windings  of  the 
stream,  the  distance  is  21.4  miles.  The  air  line  distance  be- 
tween the  same  points  is  only  13.8  miles.  From  Ruraldale  to 
Berlin,  the  stream  falls  85  feet  in  7.4  miles,  or  at  the  rate  of 

11.4  feet  to  the  mile.  From  the  latter  point  to  its  mouth, 
Hackers  creek  falls  only  55  feet  in  12.2  miles,  or  at  the  rate 
of  4.5  feet  to  the  mile.  In  this  latter  portion  of  its  course  the 
creek  has  approached  nearer  to  base-level  with  West  Fork 
river  than  any  other  tributary  of  the  latter  stream,  or  in  other 
words,  is  fast  approaching  the  period  of  adolescence.  Its  very 
crooked  channel,  bordered  by  wide  bottoms,  is  mute  testimony 
to  the  fact. 

Middle  Island  Creek. — Middle  Island  creek  has  its  source 
in  the  extreme  eastern  point  of  Doddridge  county,  and  flows 
northwestward  via  Big  Isaac,.  Avon,  West  Union,  Deep  Valley 
and  Middlebourne,  emptying  into  the  Ohio  river  one  mile 
above  St.  Marys.  A full  description  of  this  stream  in  its  lower 
course  is  given  by  the  writer  in  the  report  of  Marshall,  Wetzel 
and  Tyler  Counties,  pages  46  .and  47.  The  entire  area  of 
its  drainage  basin  is  about  560  square  miles,  nearly  one-half 
of  which  lies  within  the  boundaries  of  Doddridge  county. 
From  its  mouth  to  its  head,  measured  by  the  windings  of  the 
stream,  the  distance  is  94.7  miles.  The  air  line  distance  be- 
tween the  same  points  is  only  38.3  miles.  From  Big  Isaac  to 
Avon,  the  creek  falls  115  feet  in  6.6  miles,  or  at  the  rate  of 

17.4  feet  to  the  mile.  From  the  latter  point  to  the  mouth  of 
Bluestone,  the  fall  is  97  feet  in  14.8  miles,  or  at  the  rate  of 
6.5  feet  to  the  mile.  From  the  latter  point  to  the  mouth  of 
Arnolds  creek  at  the  Doddridge-Tyler  county  line,  the  fall 
is  46  feet  in  10.5  miles,  or  at  the  rate  of  4.3  feet  to  the  mile. 


PLATE  IV. — Wide  valley  eroded  by  Hackers  creek,  one  mile  above  its  mouth.  (See  description  of  stream). 

Here  the  Valley  Walls  are  in  the  Conemaugh  series. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


45 


The  creek  has  a very  low  rate  of  fall  from  West  Union  to  the 
Ohio  river,  and  is  fast  approaching  base-level  with  the  latter 
stream. 

Its  important  tributaries  in  Doddridge  county  are 
McElroy  creek,  Flint  run,  and  Arnolds  creek.  A short  de- 
scription will  now  be  given  of  each. 

McElroy  Creek. — McElroy  creek  drains  the  northern 
portion  of  Doddridge  county.  It  has  its  source  2 miles  north- 
west from.  Salem,  and  flows  in  a northwest  direction  via 
Cascara,  Sedalia,  Centerpoint,  and  Ashley,  crossing  the 
Doddridge-Harrison  county  line  at  Eagle  Mills  and  empty- 
ing into  Middle  Island  creek  one-half  mile  east  from  Center- 
ville, Tyler  county.  The  area  of  its  drainage  basin  is  106.4 
square  miles,  by  far  the  larger  portion  of  which  lies  in 
Doddridge  county.  The  distance  from  the  mouth  to  the  head 
of  McElroy  is  26.4  miles.  The  air  line  distance  between  the 
same  points  is  only  15.5  miles.  From  Cascara  to  Centerpoint, 
the  creek  falls  142  feet  in  6.8  miles,  or  at  the  rate  of  20.9  feet 
to  the  mile.  From  the  latter  point  to  the  mouth  of  Flint  run, 
the  fall  is  48  feet  in  7.6  miles,  or  at  the  rate  of  6.3  feet  to  the 
mile.  From  the  mouth  of  Flint  to  Middle  Island  creek,  McEl- 
roy falTs  44  feet  in  10.2  miles,  or  at  the  rate  of  4.3  feet  to  the 
mile.  In  the  last  ten  miles  of  its  course  it  is  rapidly  approach- 
ing base-level  with  Middle  Island  creek,  but  has  not  yet 
reached  the  period  of  adolescence.  Its  channel  is  quite 
crooked,  especially  below  Centerpoint,  having  high  steep 
valley  walls ; hence  it  is  quite  evident  that  it  possesses  this 
mature  character  by  inheritance. 

Arnold  Creek.— Arnold  creek  drains  the  western  portion 
of  West  Union  district  and  the  eastern  portion  of  Central  dis- 
trict, Doddridge  county.  The  stream  has  its  source  2l/2  miles 
northwest  from  Kelly  P.  O.  It  flows  northward  and  passes 
just  east  from  Central  Station,  emptying  into  Middle  Island 
creek  at  the  Doddridge-Tyler  county  line.  Almost  its  entire 
drainage  basin  lies  in  Doddridge  county,  the  area  of  which 
is  34.9  square  miles.  From  its  mouth  to  its  head,  measured 
by  the  windings  of  the  stream,  the  distance  is  12.4  miles.  The 
air  line  distance  between  the  same  points  is  9.2  miles.  From 


46 


PHYSIOGRAPHY. 


the  mouth  of  Claylick  run  to  Middle  Island  creek,  Arnold 
falls  78  feet  in  a distance  of  6.8  miles,  or  at  the  rate  of  11.4 
feet  to  the  mile.  It  has  a narrow  “V”  shaped  valley  with 
high  steep  walls.  The  rapid  rate  of  fall  as  well  as  the  work 
of  erosion  yet  to  be,  accomplished  shows  the  stream  to  be  still 
in  the  period  of  youth. 

South  Fork,  Hughes  River. — The  southwestern  portion 
of  Doddridge  county  is  drained  by  the  waters  of  the  South 
Fork  of  Hughes  river.  The  former  has  its  source  one  mile 
and  a half  southeast  from  Kelly  P.  O.  It  flows  northwest 
via  Kelly  and  Nay,  crossing  the  Doddridge-Ritchie  county 
line  at  Oxford.  The  area  of  its  drainage  basin  in  Doddridge, 
including  that  portion  of  the  basin  of  its  tributary,  Middle 
Fork,  is  31.2  square  miles.  From  Kelly  to  Oxford,  South  Fork 
falls  100  feet  in  6 miles,  or  at  the  rate  of  16.7  feet  to  the  mile. 
The  junction  of  South  Fork  and  North  Fork  at  Cisko  on 
Ritchie-Wirt  county  line  forms  Hughes  river. 

TOPOGRAPHY  OF  THE  LAND  AREA. 

Like  other  counties  of  western  West  Virginia,  the 
Doddridge-Harrison  area  is  a highly  dissected  plateau, 
ranging  in  elevation  from  1,000  to  1,800  feet  above  sea  level. 
The  agencies  of  erosion  have  reduced  the  plateau  practically 
all  to  slope.  The  streams  generally  flow  in  narrow,  deeply 
indented  “V”  sliaped  valleys.  The  numerous  ridges  and 
knobs,  capped  with  harder  layers  of  rock  strata,  ranging  from 
1,000  to  1,800  feet  above  tide,  bear  testimony  of  the  existence 
of  this  former  plateau. 

The  West  Fork  river  has  cut  a deep  gorge  from  *4  to  1 
mile  in  width  and  250  to  500  feet  in  depth  entirely  across 
central  Harrison  county  in  a north  and  south  direction, 
through  almost  horizontal  layers  of  rock.  Middle  Island 
creek  has  done  likewise  in  a northwest-southeast  direction 
entirely  across  Doddridge  county.  The  valley  walls  in  many 
places  are  quite  steep  and  rough,  caused  by  the  outcrop  of 
great  sandstone  ledges,  but  over  a large  portion  of  Harrison 
county  the  outcropping  limestones  of  the  Monongahela  series 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


47 


have  weathered  into  a fairly  uniform  gentle  slope.  The  gen- 
eral surface  of  the  uplands  is  rolling  except  when  trenched  by 
small  ravines. 

The  flood  plains  of  West  Fork  river  are  represented  by 
narrow  strips  of  fertile  bottom  land  along  both  shores  that 
widen  out  first  on  one  side,  then  on  the  other. 

River  Terraces. — Several  pronounced  terraces  occur  along 
both  valley  walls  of  West  Fork  river  in  Harrison  county.  The 
most  persistent  and  readily  recognized  terrace  occurs  at  an 
elevation  ranging  from  1,040  to  1,100  feet  above  tide.  The 
towns 'of  Goodhope,  West  Milford  and  Clarksburg  are  built 
largely  on  this  erosion  bench.  The  latter  terrace  was  most 
probably  formed  when  the  great  glacial  dam  came  down  from 
the  north,  changing  the  course  of  the  ancient  Pittsburgh 
river  near  Beaver  Falls,  Pa.,  from  its  old  route  across  the 
State  of  Ohio  to  Lake  Erie,  to  a southwest  direction  and 
forming  the  present  Ohio  river.  At  this  time  a great  interior 
lake  was  formed  within  the  valley  walls  of  West  Fork  and 
other  tributaries  of  the  Monongahela  river  by  back-water 
from  the  glacial  dam  at  Beaver  Falls,  Pa.,  the  summit  of  which 
probably  reached  an  elevation  of  1,100  to  1,120  feet  above  tide. 
In  fact,  the  deposit  of  silt  and  clay  in  the  region  of  the  low 
gap  west  of  Salem,  Harrison  county,  makes  it  appear  quite 
probable  that  this  great  lake  overflowed  through  this  de- 
pression in  the  dividing  ridge  into  the  present  drainage  sys- 
tem of  Middle  Island  creek,  the  latter  at  that  time  belonging 
to  the  old  Marietta  river  system.  This  old  terrace  is  well 
defined  along  both  banks  of  West  Fork  river  south  from 
Clarksburg  to  the  Harrison-Lewis  county  line.  North  of 
Clarksburg  the  terrace  is  very  pronounced  on  the  west  side 
of  the  river  to  Lumberport,  and  advantage  was  taken  of  the 
same  in  building  the  W.  Va.  Short  Line  Branch  of  the  Balti- 
more & Ohio  Railroad.  It  is  also  well  defined  along  both 
banks  of  the  river  north  from  the  mouth  of  Tenmile  creek  to 
the  Harrison-Marion  county  line. 


PART  II 


The  Geology  of  the  Doddridge- 
Harrison  Area. 

CHAPTER  III, 


STRUCTURE. 


Introduction. 

Geologic  structure  treats  of  the  pitch  or  lay  of  the  strata 
of  any  region  under  discussion.  The  original  position  of  rock 
beds,  whether  formed  by  sedimentation  or  lava  flows,  is  nor- 
mally horizontal.  The  original  attitude  of  these  rocks,  how- 
ever, is  later  much  changed  by  tangential  pressure  brought 
about  by  the  contraction  of  the  earth’s  interior,  and  the  rocks 
composing  the  crust  of  the  latter  are  bent  and  warped  by  this 
pressure  into  a number  of  approximately  parallel  wrinkles  or 
folds.  In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  county  area  these  folds 
all  have  a distinct  northeast-southwest  trend.  In  the  discus- 
sion of  these  structural  forms,  the  upward  bending  arch  is 
called  an  anticline  and  the  downward  bending  trough  a 
syncline.  The  axis  of  a fold  is  the  line  joining  the  highest 
points  of  ah  anticline  and  the  lowest  points  of  a syncline. 
The  strata  dip  from  the  axis  of  the  former  and  to  the  axis  of 
the  latter.  The  strike  is  the  direction  of  the  horizontal  edges 
of  dipping  strata.  The  nose  of  an  anticline  is  the  term  applied 
to  the  structural  form  made  by  the  sudden  rise  or  fall  in 
elevation  of  the  axis  of  the  fold. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


49 


Method  of  Representing  Structure. 

In  geologic  mapping  there  are  two  methods  in  general 
use  in  representing  structure.  One  of  these  is  by  means  of 
cross  sections  at  right  angles  to  the  line  of  strike.  These 
show  how  the  strata  would  appear  if  deep  ditches  were  dug 
perpendicular  to  the  line  of  strike  entirely  across  the  two 
counties.  This  method  is  qifite  satisfactory  where  faulting 
takes  place,  or  the  folds  overturn  as  they  frequently  do.  In 
the  area  under  discussion  several  of  the  folds  are  so  slight 
that  the  method  would  be  very  unsatisfactory,  since  the  folds 
would  hardly  be  noticeable  on  a map  of  the  scale  accom- 
panying this  report  and  on  which  the  economic  geology  is 
exhibited ; again,  the  method  does  not  give  the  desired 
knowledge  of  the  shape  of  the  arches  or  basins  in  the  area,  a 
feature  that  is  very  essential  to  the  future  development  of  its 
mineral  resources  with  special  emphasis  on  coal,  petroleum 
and  natural  gas. 

A second  method  that  fills  the  latter  conditions  consists 
in  the  representation  by  contour  lines  that  show  the  elevation 
above  sea  level  of  some  particular  rock  bed.  This  stratum 
is  generally  one  that  is  known  irom  its  wide  and  persistent 
outcrop,  its  exploitation  by  mines,  and  sometimes  by  its  fre- 
quent use  as  a.  “key  rock”  by  drillers  for  oil  and  gas  in  the 
region  to  be  mapped. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  the  writer  has  selected 
the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed  as  the  stratum  that  meets  the  above 
conditions.  It  outcrops  over  a large  portion  of  Harrison 
county  and  has  there  been  mined  quite  extensively  for  com- 
mercial purposes  as  well  as  for  domestic  fuel.  It  is  also  a 
widely  recognized  “key  rock”  by  the  oil  well  drillers  in  east- 
ern Doddridge  and  western  Harrison  counties. 

The  altitude  of  the  top  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed  over 
a large  portion  of  Harrison  county  was  obtained  by  levels  on 
its  outcrop,  but  its  horizon  lies  entirely  below  drainage  in 
Doddridge  and  in  western  Harrison.  Here  its  elevation  was 
determined  in  a large  measure  from  levels  on  oil  and  gas 
wells  that  had  penetrated  the  bed.  The  levels  are  based  on 


50 


STRUCTURE. 


the  top  instead  of  the  base  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  for  the 
reason  that  a very  large  number  of  the  logs  obtained  from 
wells  in  this  region  record  only  the  depth  to  the  top  of  the 
bed.  In  central  and  western  Doddridge  this  coal  bed  appears 
to  be  almost  entirely  absent  from  the  measures,  as  revealed 
by  the  logs  of  numerous  oil  and  gas  wells  in  this  region. 
There  the  elevation  of  its  horizon  was  determined  largely  by 
its  interval  below  the  base  of  the  Washington  coal  bed  and 
above  the  top  of  the  Big  Injun  oil  sand.  The  Pittsburgh 
coal-Big  Injun  sand  interval  varies  from  1,300  feet  in  north- 
western Doddridge  to  1,600  feet  in  southeastern  Harrison. 
The  same  interval  at  intermediate  points  of  the  area  can 
readily  be  obtained  from  the  table'  of  summarized  well  records, 
given  for  each  county  on  subsequent  pages  of  this  report. 
These  tables  show  that  the  interval  gradually  thickens  south- 
eastward. 

The  Washington-Pittsburgh  coal  interval  varies  from  520 
feet  in  northwestern  Doddridge  to  600  feet  in  the  south- 
western portion  of  Harrison.  The  following  table  reveals  the 
gradual  increase  of  this  interval  to  the  southeastward.  The 
figures  in  parentheses  refer  to  the  serial  numbers  of  the  oil 
and  gas  wells  as  published  on  the  economic  geology  map 
accompanying  this  report: 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


51 


Washington  Coal-Pittsburgh  Coal  Interval. 

Town  or 

Post  Office.  

(Doddridge  County.) 

Alpha  - 

Ashley  (73),  1 mile  southeast 

Ashley  (70),  2 miles  southeast 

Big  Battle  (31),  % mile  west 

Big  Battle  (111),  1 mile  southwest 

Big  Isaac  (303),  1.7  mile  northwest 

Big  Isaac  (311),  2 miles  southwest 

Centerpoint  (68) 

Coldwater  (275),  1 mile  northwest 

Coldwater  (277),  1 mile  east 

Coldwater  (278),  1.5  mile  south 

Duckworth  (201),  2 miles  southeast 

Eagle  Mills  (79),  1XA  mile  east 

Eagle  Mills  (81) 

Flint  (113),  0.9  mile  southwest 

Harlin  (118),  xk  mile  southwest 

Heldreth  (9),  1.5  mile  sc'uth 

Canton  (93) 

Knight  (106) 

Long  Run  Station  (123),  % mile  north 

Long  Run  Station  (124),  0.2  mile  north 

Long  Run  Station  (119),  2 miles  north 

Miletus  (296),  x/2  mile  south 

Nay  (210),  x/2  mile  northwest 

Oxford  (210),  1 mile  northeast 

Sedalia  (16),  2 miles  north 

Sedalia  (25) 

Smith  ton  (159),  *4  mile  east 

St.  Clara  (248),  1.5  mile  southwest 

St.  Clara  (243),  1 mile  north 

Summers  (217),  1XA  mile  northwest 

Summers  (218),  2 miles  northeast 

West  Union  (163),  0.4  mile  southeast 

West  Union  (150),  2 miles  north 

West  Union  (167),  2 miles  southwest 

(Harrison  County.) 

Benson,  1 mile  east  of 

Bristol  (459),  x/2  mile  south 

Brown  (374),  0.7  mile  northwest *. ’..... 

Brown  (379),  1.7  mile  north 

Brown  (381),  2 miles  northeast 

Deweytown  (475),  1 mile  northwest 

Deweytown  (476),  1.5  mile  west 

Deweytown  (515),  2 miles  southwest 

Grangeville 

Joetown  

Marshville  (443),  1 mile  southeast 

Rinehart  (348),  0.3  mile  east 

Salem  (421),  east  edge  of • 

WoT  Summit  (448),  1.3  mi’e  north 

Wyatt,  1 mile  northeast 


| Feet. 


520 

523 

508 

545 

519 
573 
612 
530 
566 
563 
585 
535 
500 
495 

529 
540 

530 
507 
510 
533 

520 
520 
577 
525 
525 
530 
558 
540 

565 
595 
550 
550 
540 
520 
500 

605 

566 
595 
560 
540 
540 
540 
550 
545 
545 
595 
520 
550 
595 
560 


52 


STRUCTURE. 


The  above  table  shows  that  the  Washington-Pittsburgh 
coal  interval  is  quite  a variable  quantity.  In  making  up  the 
structure  map  of  the  area  under  discussion,  the  writer  as- 
sumed an  average  interval  of  520  feet  in  the  northwestern 
portion  of  Doddridge  county,  making  the  lay  of  the  Pitts- 
burgh coal  bed  conform  to  that  of  the  Washington  which 
crops  in  the  hills  in  this  portion  of  the  latter  area.  It  will  be 
noted  that  the  structure  contours  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed 
along  the  Tyler-Doddridge  county  line  do  not  quite  check 
up  with  the  same  as  outlined  on  the  structure  map,  prepared 
by  the  writer  for  the  counties  of  Marshall,  Wetzel  and  Tyler, 
and  published  by  the  State  Survey  in  1909,  the  latter  being 
apparently  30  to  50  feet  higher  in  elevation  than  indicated  by 
the  former  along  this  boundary  line.  It  is  quite  probable  that 
the  faint  streak  of  coal  encountered  in  several  wells  in  the 
eastern  part  of  Tyler  county  in  the  vicinity  of  Shiloh  and 
Little  Pittsburgh,  and  identified  by  the  drillers  as  The  Pitts- 
burgh bed,  may  represent  the  Redstone  seam.  These  slight 
discrepancies  illustrate  the  problems  thaPconfront  the  geolo- 
gist in  making  structure  contour  maps  on  a single  stratum 
over  any  large  area  where  intervals  have  to  be  relied  upon  at 
many  times  to  locate  its  horizon. 

In  a large  portion  of  southeastern  Harrison  county  the 
Pittsburgh  coal  bed  passes  into  the  air  over  the  tops  of  the 
highest  hills.  There,  its  elevation  was  determined  largely  by 
the  assumption  of  an  interval  of  330  feet  from  its  top  down 
to  the  base  of  the  Harlem  coal  bed. 

On  the  economic  geology  map  accompanying  this  report 
are  printed  contour  lines  in  green  that  show  not  only  the 
approximate  tidal  elevation  of  the  top  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal, 
but  the  horizontal  contours  of  the  troughs,  arches  and  domes, 
and  the  dip  of  the  beds.  Whether  fcfre~Pittsburgh  coal  is 
above  or  below  drainage  at  any  point  in  the  two  counties  can 
readily  be  determined  from  this  map  by  noting  the  elevation 
of  the  land  surface  at  the  point  desired  as  exhibited  by  the 
topographic  contours,  and  the  elevation  of  the  coal  as  shown 
by  the  structure  contours  at  the  same  place.  For  instance, 
suppose  that  the  position  of  the  coal  was  desired  at  the  east 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


53 


edge  of  Salem,  Harrison  county.  A glance  at  the  map  will 
show  that  the  elevation  of  the  creek  there  is  about  1035  feet 
above  tide,  and  the  tidal  elevation  of  the  coal  as  shown  by  the 
green  contour  lines,  about  300  feet.  Hence,  the  Pittsburgh 
coal  should  lie  about  735  feet  below  drainage  at  this  point. 

•These  structure  contours  are  only  approximately  correct 
from  the  fact  that  it  is  assumed  over  small  areas  that  the 
rocks  maintain  a uniform  thickness,  when  it  has  often  been 
established  that  two  easily  determined  strata  will  vary  in  in- 
terval many  feet  in -a  short  distance.  The  last  table  well  illus- 
trates this  point. 

Again,  while  a large  number  of  elevations  were  obtained 
by  spirit  level,  by  far  the  greater  number  was  obtained  with 
the  aneroid  barometer.  The  latter,  however,  was  checked  as 
frequently  as  possible  on  established  spirit  level  elevations  of 
the  United  States  Geological  Survey,  marked  at  the  forks  of 
public  highways  and  other  conspicuous  places.  These  checks 
keep  down  errors  in  elevation,  so  that  it  is  believed  that  over 
most  of  the  area  their  sum  is  less  than  one  contour  interval — 
that  is,  less  than  25  feet. 

Detailed  Geologic  Structure. 

The  Doddridge-Harrison  area  is  situated  on  the  eastern 
flank  of  the  great  Appalachian  basin  or  geo-syncline  which 
enters  West  Virginia  near  the  southwest  corner  of  the  State 
of  Pennsylvania.  I.  C.  White1  gives  the  following  account  of 
this  great  trough : 

‘ The  central  or  deepest  portion  of  the  Appalachian  basin  or 
geo-syncline  enters  West  Virginia  from  Greene  county,  Pa.,  at  the 
southwest  corner  of  the  latter  State,  and  crossing  Western  Monon- 
galia and  eastern  Wetzel  counties  continues  on  through>  the  State  in 
a general  souihwest  course  across  eastern  Tyler,  western  Doddridge, 
central  Ritchie,  Wirt  and  Jackson,  cutting  eastern  Mason  and  western 
Putnam,  and  central  Cabell,  to  enter  Kentucky  from  northern  Wayne, 
ten  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Big  Sandy  river.  Where  the  axis 
of  this  great  basin  enters  the  State,  and  on  to  the  southwest  as  far 
as  Doddridge  county  at  least,  the  Pittsburgh  coal  is  buried  to  a depth 
of  1,300  to  1,500  feet  under  the  highest  summits,  or  say  100  to  150 
feet  above  tide,  but  from  Doddridge  county  on  southwestward,  the 
basin  begins  to  rise,  and  at  the  Kentucky  line  the  Pittsburgh  coal 
overlooks  the  Big  Sandy  waters  from  an  elevation  of  800  feet  above 
tide  in  the  deepest  portion  of  the  trough.” 


1.  W.  Va.  Geological  Survey,  Vol.  II,  pp.  84-85;  1903. 


54 


STRUCTURE. 


Although  the  two  counties  lie  on  the  eastern  slope  of  this 
great  geo-syncline,  yet  their  area  is  traversed  by  a number  of 
minor  folds,  the  most  important  of  which  are  as  follows : 


Anticlines. 

Big  Moses. 
Arches  Fork. 
Wolf  Summit. 
Chestnut  Ridge. 
Beards  Run. 
Ruraldale. 


Synclines. 

Burchfield. 

Robinson. 

Shinnston. 

Grassland. 


The  shape  and  location  of  the  above  structural  forms  are 
all  indicated  on  the  map  accompanying  this  report.  A brief 
description  will  now  be  given  of  these  arches  and  troughs 
from  west  to  east. 

Big  Moses  Anticline. — The  axis  of  this  fold  enters  Dodd- 
ridge county  from  Tyler,  one  mile  and  a half  northeast  from 
the  mouth  of  Arnolds  creek,  and  bears  southwest,  passing  into 
Tyler  again  and  intersecting  the  Tyler-Ritchie  county  line  on 
the  head  of  Buck  run  of  North  Fork  of  Hughes  river.  From 
the  latter  point  the  axis  veers  more  to  the  south  and  crosses 
the  Baltimore  & Ohio  railroad  one-third  mile  west  from  Toll- 
gate.  It  was  so  named  by  the  writer2  from  a town  of  that 
name  in  Tyler  county  near  which  it  passes  in  its  southwest 
course  across  the  latter  area. 

Northward  from  Doddridge  county  the  axis  passes  into 
Tyler,  crossing  Indian  creek  1 mile  northeast  of  Big  Moses; 
the  Tyler-Wetzel  county  line  near  Atwood  P.  O. ; and  Fishing 
creek,  one  mile  southeast  of  the  town  of  Reader.  From  the 
latter  point  the  fold  dies  down  and  finally  disappears  one  mile 
south  of  Wileyville,  Wetzel  county. 

Southwestward  from  Doddridge  the  axis  passes  into 
Ritchie  county,  passing  slightly  west  of  the  town  of  Pullman, 
veers  to  the  west  and  slightly  west  of  Washburn  P.  O.  and 
then  renews  its  southwest  course,  crossing  the  Ritchie- 
Calhoun  line  on  the  head  of  Left  fork  of  Dutchman  run,  3^4 
miles  southwest  of  Smithville.  From  the  latter  point  the  axis 
passes  into  Wirt  county  one  mile  southeast  of  Hartley  P.  O., 

2.  Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler  Report,  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey,  pp.  69-70; 
1909. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


55 


and  finally  dies  out  on  the  eastern  slope  of  the  Burning  Springs 
anticline,  one  mile  southeast  of  Creston. 

The  elevation  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal,  along  the  axis  of 
the  fold  in  that  portion  included  within  the  Doddridge- 
Harrison  area,  varies  from  325  feet  to  about  370  feet  above 
sea  level.  There  appears  to  be  a depression  or  saddle  to  the 
fold  north  of  Orontes  post  office. 

Arches  Fork  Anticline. — The  Arches  Fork  anticline  is  a 
very  prominent  structural  feature  in  Doddridge  county,  and 
it  was  so  designated  by  the  writer3  from  a stream  of  that 
name  in  the  southeastern  portion  of  Wetzel  county,  on  which 
occurs  its  northeastern  terminus.  The  axis  of  the  fold  enters 
Doddridge  from  Wetzel  county  at  the  extreme  head  of  Talk- 
ington  fork  of  McElroy  creek,  and  bears  southwest,  crossing 
Robinson  fork  2 miles  above  Centerpoint  and  Flint  run  one 
mile  west  from  Doak  P.  O.  There  it  deflects  slightly  more 
to  the  west  and  crosses  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  railroad  one- 
half  mile  west  from  Morgansville.  It  intersects  South  Fork 
of  Hughes  river  near  the  mouth  of  Big  run,  2^4  miles  below 
Kelly  P.  O. ; then  bears  south  about  10  degrees  west,  passing 
one-half  mile  west  of  the  common  corner  to  Doddridge,  Ritchie 
and  Gilmer  counties. 

Northward  from  Doddridge  the  axis  passes  into  Wetzel 
county,  veers  to  the  northwest  roughly  parallel  with  Arches 
fork,  and  dies  down  just  before  reaching  Fishing  creek  into 
the  Smithfield  structural  terrace,  one  mile  west  of  the  town 
of  Smithfield. 

Southward  from  Doddridge  the  axis  passes  into  Ritchie 
county,  crossing  the  extreme  eastern  point  of  the  latter  area, 
2 miles  east  of  Auburn,  and  then  veers  to  the  southwest  across 
Gilmer  county,  and  intersects  the  Gilmer-Calhoun  county  line, 
2^4  miles  due  north  of  the  village  of  Whitepine.  On  entering 
Calhoun  county  the  axis  bears  southwest  and  crosses  the 
Little  Kanawha  river  one  mile  northwest  of  Grantsville;  West 
Fork  river,  one  mile  northwest  of  Altizer;  Beech  fork  at 
Beech  P.  O. ; and  the  Calhoun-Roane  county  line,  one  mile 

3.  Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler  Report,  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey,  page  454; 
1909. 


56 


STRUCTURE. 


southwest  of  Beech  P.  O.  Southwestward  through  Roane 
county  the  axis  crosses  Henry  fork  at  Linden,  passes  through 
Nichols  knob,  and  intersects  the  Roane-Jackson  county  line 
%y2  miles  westward  from  Cotton  P.  O.  The  course  of  the  fold 
on  southwest  across  the  State  through  Kanawha  and  other 
counties  has  not  yet  been  worked  out  in  the  field. 

Where  the  fold  enters  Doddridge  omthe  northeast,  the 
top  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed  has  an  elevation  of  about  360 
feet  above  tide  on  the  axis  of  the  arch.  Southwest  from  this 
point  along  the  crest  of  the  anticline  the  coal  gradually  rises 
into  a marked  dome,  two  miles  east  from  Centerpoint,  to  an 
elevation  of  over  425  feet  above  tide.  A depression  on  the 
crest  of  the  fold  apparently  occurs  on  Little  Battle  run  of 
Big  Battle  run,  where  the  anticline  suddenly  broadens  out  on 
top  to  the  southwestward  making  a terrace  structure  three  to 
four  miles  wide.  A marked  nose  to  the  fold  is  formed  to  the 
southwest  from  Big  Battle  P.  O.,  since  the  Pittsburgh  coal 
horizon  rises  rapidly  along  the  axis  in  this  direction  to  an 
elevation  of  over  700  feet  above  tide  at  three  miles  southeast 
from  West  Union.  The  Pittsburgh  coal  falls  rapidly  in  eleva- 
tion along  the  axis  southwestward  from  the  point  where  the 
axis  crosses  South  Fork  of  Hughes  river,  and  at  the  Dodd- 
ridge-Ritchie  county  line  it  is  only  600  feet  above  tide. 

Along  the  crest  of  this  anticline  occur  the  great  natural 
gas  fields  of  Doddridge  county,  as  well  as  the  present  devel- 
oped great  natural  gas  pools  in  Calhoun  and  Roane  counties  of 
this  State. 

Wolf  Summit  Anticline. — The  next  structural  arch  to 
the  east  that  crosses  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  is  the  Wolf 
Summit  anticline.  It  has  been  so  designated  from  the  town 
of  that  name  in  Harrison  county,  West  Virginia,  near  which 
it  passes  in  its  northeast-southwest  course  across  the  latter 
area.  The  axis  of  the  fold  enters  Harrison  from  Marion  county, 
one  mile  northeast  from,  Wyatt  and  bears  south  about  30  de- 
grees west,  crossing  Little  Tenmile  creek  three-fourths  mile 
above  the  mouth  of  the  latter  stream.  It  continues  the  same 
course  about  one  mile  farther  to  the  southwest,  where  it  veers 
to  almost  due  south,  crossing  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  railroad 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  57 

at  Wilsonburg.  From  the  latter  point  the  axis  bears  south 
10-15  degrees  west  for  three  miles  where  it  veers  to  almost 
due  south  again,  passing  one  mile  and  a half  west  of  the  town 
of  West  Milford;  three-tenths  mile  east  of  Goodhope ; and  in- 
tersecting the  Harrison-Lewis  county  line  one  mile  eastward 
from  the  mouth  of  Kincheloe  creek. 

Northeastward  from  Harrison  county  the  axis  passes  into 
Marion,  and  crosses  Tevebaugh  creek,  one  mile  and  a half 
northwest  from  Festus;  Buffalo  creek  about  midway  between 
Downs  and  Farmington  (Underwood)  ; and  Pawpaw  creek, 
two  miles  southeast  of  Fairview.  Northeast  from  the  latter 
stream  the  fold  dies  down  rapidly  and  apparently  disappears 
in  the  southern  edge  of  Monongalia  northwest  of  McCurdy- 
ville  (Center  P.  O.).  The  Statler  Run  oil  field  apparently 
passes  around  the  nose  of  the  fold  as  it  dies  out  in  this  region. 
While  the  field  notes  collected  for  the  Monongalia-Marion- 
Taylor  area  have  not  yet  been  mapped,  the  fold,  if  represented 
in  northern  Monongalia,  must  be  very  slight. 

Southward  from  Harrison  county  the  axis  passes  into 
Lewis  and  soon  dies  out  on  the  northwest  flank  of  the  Chest- 
nut ridge  anticline,  as  the  axis  of  the  latter  fold  swerves  to  the 
westward  on  leaving  the  area  under  discussion. 

A glance  at  the  structure  map  accompanying  this  report 
will  show  that  the  structural  slope  of  the  western  flank  of  this 
arch  is  very  steep,  the  top  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  rising  fiom 
about  100  feet  above  tide  near  the  northwestern  corner  of 
Harrison  county  to  over  1175  feet  above  tide,  two  miles  due 
west  from  Lumberport,  in  an  air  line  distance  of  slightly  less 
than  9 miles.  The  structural  slope  along  the  eastern  flank 
is  much  more  gentle.  From  where  the  fold  enters  Harrison 
from  Marion  county  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed  rises  rapidly 
southwest  along  the  axis  from  925  feet  above  tide  to  slightly 
over  1175  feet  above  in  a marked  dome,  2 miles  west  from 
Lumberport.  South  from  Tenmile  creek  this  coal  bed  rises 
quite  rapidly  again  along  the  axis  into  another  prominent 
dome  to  an  elevation  of  1280  feet  on  Coburn  creek,  3 miles 
south  10-15  degrees  west  from  Wilsonburg.  From,  this  high 
point,  the  Pittsburgh  coal  dips  southward  along  the  axis  to 


58 


STRUCTURE. 


an  elevation  of  about  1240  feet  above  tide,  2 miles  northwest 
from  West  Milford,  where  it  rises  rapidly  again  southward, 
forming  a nose  of  the  fold,  and  reaches  over  1400  feet  above 
tide  at  the  Harrison-Lewis  county  line.  A great  natural  gas 
field  is  found  along  the  crest  of  this  arch  throughout  its  entire 
length  across  Harrison  county. 

Chestnut  Ridge  Anticline. — The  next  structural  arch  to 
the  east  in  the  area  under  discussion  is  the  great  Chestnut 
Ridge  anticline  that  has  been  so  designated  by  I.  C.  White 
from  a mountain  ridge  of  that  name  along  the  eastern  edge 
of  Monongalia  county.  It  is  the  same  arch  that  was  desig- 
nated the  Dulany  anticline  by  M.  R.  Campbell  in  the  Mason- 
town-Uniontown  Folio  No.  82  of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey, 
page  5.  The  fold  enters  Harrison  county  from  Taylor  about 
three  miles  northeast  from  Bridgeport,  and  bears  south  40-50 
degrees  west,  crossing  Simpson  creek  near  the  mouth  of 
Peddler  run,  and  Brushy  fork  of  Elk,  one  mile  and  a half  east 
from  Quiet  Dell.  From  there  the  axis  continues  its  south- 
west course  and  crosses  Elk  creek  three-fourths  mile  north- 
west from  the  mouth  of  Fall  run,  passing  one-half  mile  to  the 
east  of  the  town  of  Rock'ford  and  intersecting  the  Harrison- 
Lewis  county  line  one  mile  and  a half  westward  from  the 
common  corner  to  Harrison,  Lewis  and  Upshur  counties.  It 
is  probably  the  longest  continuous  anticlinal  fold  within  the 
boundaries  of  the  State,  and  in  the  writer’s  judgment,  the 
Warfield  anticlinal,  located  southwest  from  the  Great  Kana- 
wha river,  will  later  be  found  to  be  merely  an  extension  of  the 
Chestnut  Ridge  arch. 

Northeastward  from  Harrison  county  the  axis  passes  into 
Taylor  county,  crosses  the  Tygart  Valley  river,  three-fourths 
mile  below  Valley  Falls  station  on  the  Baltimore  & Ohio 
Railroad,  veers  more  to  the  east  and  intersects  the  Marion- 
Monongalia  county  line  south  from  Halleck.  In  Monongalia 
the  axis  passes  east  of  Halleck  and  follows  closely  the 
Monongalia-Preston  county  line  and  intersects  the  W.  Va.- 
Penna.  State  Line  slightly  over  a mile  due  east  of  the  north- 
west corner  of  Preston  county. 

Southwestward  from  Harrison  the  axis  passes  into  Lewis 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


59 


county,  veers  rapidly  to  the  westward  through  Gilmer  and 
enters  Calhoun  county,  three-fourths  mile  eastward  from  the 
eastern  point  of  Lee  district.  In  Calhoun  the  axis  passes  near 
Walnut  and  Stinson  and  enters  Roane  3 miles  northeast  of 
Uler.  It  continues  its  same  southwest  course  across  the  latter 
county  and  intersects  the  Roane-Kanawha  county  line  one- 
half  mile  westward  from  the  common  corner  to  Roane,  (day 
and  Kanawha  counties.  From  the  latter  point  the  fold  has 
not  yet  been  traced  southwest  across  the  State,  but  as  men- 
tioned above,  it  will  probably  connect  up  with  the  Warfield 
anticline. 

Where  the  anticline  enters  Harrison  from  Taylor,  the 
top  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed  has  an  elevation  of  about  1170 
feet  above  tide,  but  from  there  the  coal  dips  rapidly  south- 
west along  a nose  of  the  fold  to  an  elevation  of  about  1400 
feet  A.  T.  at  Simpson  creek.  From  the  latter  point  south- 
west along  the  axis  the  coal  remains  almost  horizontal  to 
Brushy  fork  of  Elk  creek,  where  it  rises  rapidly  to  an  eleva- 
tion of  over  1525  feet  A.  T.  in  a high  structural  dome,  located 
2 miles  due  east  from  Lost  Creek  village.  The  great  natural 
gas  field  of  the  Lost  Creek  region  of  Harrison  county  is  lo- 
cated near  its  crest. 

Beards  Run  Anticline. — The  Beards  Run  anticline  is  the 
last  structural  arch  to  the  east  in  Harrison  county,  and  has 
been  so  designated  by  the  writer  from  the  stream,  of  that 
name  along  which  the  axis  of  the  fold  passes  in  western 
Harrison.  This  anticlinal  is  merely  a spur  projected  off  from 
the  great  Chestnut  Ridge  arch  to  the  southeast  from  near  the 
point  where  the  Harrison-Taylor  county  line  crosses  Simpson 
creek.  The  fold  is  probably  not  over  6 to  8 miles  in  length. 
It  has  a northwest-southeast  course,  and  intersects  the 
Harrison-Barbour  county  line  2 miles  southwestward  from 
the  common  corner  to  Harrison,  Barbour  and  Taylor  countjes. 
While  the  extent  of  the  Beards  Run  anticline  to  the  southeast 
in  Barbour  county  was  not  definitely  determined,  yet  sufficient 
data  have  been  obtained  to  warrant  the  belief  that  the  fold 
dies  down  in  this  direction  on  Elk  creek  about  one  mile  east 
from  the  village  of  Overfield. 


6o 


STRUCTURE. 


Along  the  axis  of  this  arch,  the  top  of  the  Pittsburgh 
coal  bed  reaches  an  elevation  of  about  1360  feet  above  tide 
at  the  Harrison-Barbour  county  line. 

Ruraldale  Anticline. — An  examination  of  the  structure 
map  accompanying  this  report  will  show  the  occurrence  of 
the  nose  of  another  anticline  in  the  extreme  southeast  corner 
of  Harrison  county.  Its  northern  terminus  is  located  about 
two  miles  eastward  from  Johnstown,  same  county,  from  which 
place  the  axis  of  the  fold  bears  southward  in  the  direction 
of  Ruraldale  P.  O.  'on  the  head  of  Hackers  creek,  Upshur 
county.  Hence,  for  lack  of  a better  name  in  this  portion  of 
the  fold,  the  writer  has  designated  it  the  “Ruraldale”  anticline. 

Where  the  axis  of  the  arch  crosses  the  Harrison-Upshur 
county  line,  the  top  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed  has  been 
elevated  to  about  1370  feet  above  tide.  Its  form,  shape  and  accu- 
rate location  southward  from  the  latter  point  in  Upshur  has  not  yet 
been  ascertained  by  the  Survey. 

There  are  only  four  specially  prominent  synclines  in  the 
Doddridge-Harrison  area,  as  listed  above.  A brief  description 
will  now  be  given  of  the  same,  from  west  to  east  in  order. 

Burchfield  Syncline. — This  structural  basin  lies  imme- 
diately east  from  the  Big  Moses  anticline  in  western  Dodd- 
ridge county,  and  was  so  designated  by  the  writer4  from  a 
town  of  that  name  in  eastern  Wetzel  county,  West  Virginia, 
near  which  it  passes  in  its  north  and  south  course  in  the  State. 
The  axis  of  the  fold  enters  Doddridge  from  Tyler  county 
slightly  over  a mile  due  south  of  Stringtown  (Alvy  P.  O.), 
and  bears  south  about  30  degrees  west,  crossing  McElroy 
creek  one  mile  above  Eagle  Mills  P.  O.,  and  Little  Flint  run, 
one-half  mile  north  of  Canton  P.  O.  The  axis  continues  the 
same  course  to  its  intersection  with  Middle  Island  creek,  one- 
half  mile  below  the  mouth  of  Piggin  run  and  slightly  over  a 
mile  northwest  from  the  town  of  West  Union.  From  Middle 
Island  creek  the  axis  veers  more  to  the  westward,  passing 
through  Central  Station.  From  the  latter  point  it  veers  to 
nearly  its  former  course,  intersecting  with  Cabin  run  of  North 

4.  Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler  Report,  pp.  64-65,  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey; 
1909. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


61 


Fork  of  Hughes  river,  one-fourth  mile  eastward  from  Joy  P. 
O.,  and  crosses  the  Doddridge-Ritchie  county  line  one  mile 
and  a half  northwest  from  the  town  of  Oxford. 

Northward  from  Doddridge,  the  axis  passes  into  Tyler 
and  crosses  Indian  creek  of  Middle  Island  near  Stringtown 
(Alvy  P.  O.)  ; and  the  Tyler-Wetzel  county  line  3 miles  north- 
east of  the  latter  village.  It  continues  its  northeast  course 
through  Wetzel  and  crosses  Fishing  creek  2J4  miles  north- 
west of  Smithfield ; Willey  fork  at  Burchfield ; Fish  creek,  2 
miles  northwest  of  Hundred;  and  the  W.  Va.-Penna.  State 
line,  2^4  miles  due  east  of  the  southwest  corner  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. The  fold  has  never  been  named  in  Pennsylvania. 

Southwestward  from  Doddridge,  the  axis  passes  into 
Ritchie  county,  passes  1.5  miles  north  of  Berea,  and  one  mile 
southeast  of  Smithville,  and  crosses  the  Ritchie-Calhoun  coun- 
ty line,  2 y2  miles  north  20-25  degrees  east  of  Freed  P.  O.  It 
continues  this  southwest  course  in  Calhoun,  crosses  the  Little 
Kanawha  river  2 miles  above  the  mouth  of  Leading  creek,  and 
finally  dies  out  on  the  north  slope  of  the  Burning  Springs 
anticline  where  the  axis  of  the  latter  fold  veers  to  the  east- 
ward in  Calhoun  county. 

Where  the  axis  of  the  trough  enters  Doddridge  from 
Tyler  county,  the  elevation  of  the  top  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal 
horizon  is  slightly  less  than  200'  A.  T.  From  this  place  the 
coal  gradually  rises  to  an  elevation  of  325  feet  above  tide 
southwest  along  the  axis  to  the  latter’s  intersection  with 
Nutter  fork  of  Middle  Island  creek,  where  it  changes  to  an 
almost  horizontal  position  to  near  the  West  Union-Central 
district  line,  1J4  miles  northeast  from  Central  Station.  From 
this  line  the  coal  dips  rapidly  southwest  along  the  axis  into  a 
deep  canoe-shaped  structural  basin  and  at  the  Doddridge- 
Ritchie  county  line  is  slightly  less  than  250  feet  above  tide. 
From  the  latter  point  it  again  rises  rapidly  southwest  along 
the  axis  of  the  trough. 

Robinson  Syncline. — The  Robinson  syncline  is  the  deep 
structural  basin  that  lies  between  the  Arches  Fork  and  Wolf 


62 


STRUCTURE. 


Summit  anticlines  and  was  so  designated  by  the  writer5  from 
a town  of  that  name  in  the  southeastern  corner  of 
Wetzel  county,  West  Virginia,  near  which  it  passes  on 
its  northeast-southwest  course  across  the  latter  area. 
When  the  writer  first  described  this  basin  in  the 
Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler  report,  mention  was  there  made 
of  the  probability  of  this  basin’s  being  an  extension 
of  the  Waynesburg  syncline  of  Greene  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, but  during  the  season  of  1911  the  field  work  for  the 
western  portion  of  Marion  and  Monongalia  county  was  com- 
pleted, and  it  is  found  that  the  Robinson  syncline  extends 
north  10-20  degrees  east  from  its  type  locality  via  Seven  Pines, 
and  passes  slightly  east  from  Glover  Gap  tunnel.  From  the 
latter  region  it  follows  closely  along  the  Wetzel-Monongalia 
county  line,  and  crosses  the  West  Virginia-Pennsylvania 
State  line  near  the  northwest  corner  of  Monongalia  county. 
On  the  other  hand,  Stone  & Clapp6  show  the  axis  of  the 
Waynesburg  syncline  intersecting  the  same  State  line  about 
six  miles  farther  eastward,  near  the  mouth  of  Pumpkin  run 
of  Dunkard  creek;  hence,  the  Robinson  and  Waynesburg 
synclines  represent  separate  and  distinct  basins.  The  latter 
parties  failed  to  name  the  former  trough  at  its  northern  ter- 
minus in  western  Springhill  township,  so  that  the  name 
“Robinson”  holds  by  right  of  priority. 

The  axis  of  the  latter  fold  enters  the  northwestern  corner 
of  Harrison  from  Wetzel  county,  bears  slightly  west  of  south, 
and  crosses  the  W.  Va.  Short  Line  Branch  of  the  Baltimore 
& Ohio  Railroad  at  Rinehart  station.  From  there  it  continues 
almost  due  south  to  a point  about  one  mile  northwest  from 
Fonda  P.  O.  where  it  veers  to  a south  30-35  degrees  west 
course,  passing  about  two  miles  eastward  from  Sedalia  and 
three-fourths  mile  east  from  Cascara,  and  intersecting  with 
the  main  line  of  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  railroad,  two  miles 
west  from  Salem.  There  the  axis  of  the  trough  swings  slightly 
more  to  the  west  and  crosses  Buffalo  Calf  fork,  one  mile  and 


5.  Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler  Report,  page  69,  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey; 
1909. 

6.  Bui.  304,  Structure  Map  of  Greene  Co.,  Penna.,  13  S.  Geol.  Survey. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


63 


three-fourths  southeast  from  Long  Run  station ; Buckeye  fork, 
one-third  mile  northwest  from  Nina  P.  O. ; and  Meathouse 
fork,  two  miles  southeast  from  the  town  of  New  Milton,  near 
the  mouth  of  Brushy  fork.  It  still  continues  nearly  the  same 
southwest  course,  and  crosses  Cove  creek  one-third  mile  north 
of  Leopold  P.  O.,  and  the  Doddridge-Gilmer  county  line  2^4 
miles  eastward  from  the  common  corner  to  Doddridge,  Ritchie 
and  Gilmer  counties. 

• Southwestward  from  Doddridge  the  axis  passes  through 
Gilmer  county  and  intersects  the  Gilmer-Calhoun  county  line 
one  mile  northeast  of  the  village  of  Whitepine.  In  Calhoun 
it  bears  south  about  30  degrees  west ; passes  through  Syca- 
more P.  O.,  and  near  Arnoldsburg;  and  crosses  the  Calhoun- 
Roane  county  line  2 miles  eastward  from  Linden.  In  Roane 
the  axis  bears  southwest,  passing  near  Tariff,  Bright,  Left- 
hand  and  Clio  post  offices,  and  crosses  the  Roane-Kanawha 
county  line  1^4  mile  westward  from  Cotton  P.  O.  Its  course 
on  southwest  across  the  State  has  not  yet  been  accurately 
traced. 

Where  the  axis  of  the  basin  enters  Harrison  from  Wetzel 
county,  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed  has  an  elevation  of  only  120 
feet  above  tide,  but  it  rises  southwest  along  the  axis  to  an 
elevation  of  200'  A.  T.,  a short  distance  south  from  Rinehart. 
From  there  the  bottom  of  the  trough  flattens  out  to  a width 
of  2 to  3 miles  to  the  region  west  of  Salem,  on  which  the 
Pittsburgh  coal  bed  is  nearly  horizontal,  approximating  an  ele- 
vation of  200'  A.  T.  From  the  region  west  of  Salem,  how- 
ever, the  Pittsburgh  coal  rises  rapidly  southwestward  along 
the  axis  of  the  basin  to  slightly  over  250'  A.  T.,  and  then  re- 
mains almost  horizontal  to  a point  one  mile  and  a fourth 
southeast  from  Market  P.  O.  There  it  dips  slightly  to  the 
southwest  for  two  to  three  miles,  and  again  rises  rapidly  and 
at  the  Doddridge-Gilmer  county  line,  the  coal  has  an  elevation 
of  about  415'  A.  T. 

Shinnston  Syncline. — This  structural  basin  lies  between 
the  Wolf  Summit  and  Chestnut  Ridge  anticlines,  and  has 
been  so  designated  by  the  writer  from  the  town  of  Shinnston, 
Harrison  county,  through  which  it  passes.  In  eastern  Monon- 


64 


STRUCTURE. 


galia  county,  the  structural  basin  immediately  west  of  the 
Chestnut  Ridge  anticline  has  been  described  by  geologists 
as  the  Uniontown  (Connellsville)  syncline,  but  there  the 
Indiana  (Fayette)  anticline,  immediately  to  the  west,  suddenly 
terminates  the  latter  syncline  in  its  southwest  course  by  its 
intersection  with  the  Chestnut  Ridge  arch  near  Clinton  Fur- 
nace, Monongalia  county.  Likewise  the  Lambert  syncline, 
next  on  the  west  from  the  Indiana  (Fayette)  anticline,  soon 
dies  out  after  crossing  the  Monongalia  river  from  Fayette 
into  Greene  county,  Pennsylvania.  Hence,  it  follows  that 
the  Shinnston  syncline  has  no  equivalent  to  the  northeast- 
ward, and  that  the  latter  name  should  hold  by  the  right  of 
priority. 

The  axis  of  this  basin  enters  Harrison  county  from 
Marion  one  mile  westward  from  the  mouth  of  Bingamon 
creek,  bears  almost  due  south  through  the  town  of  Shinnston, 
and  crosses  Simpson  creek  three-fourths  mile  eastward  from 
Meadowbrook.  From  there  it  veers  slightly  to  the  west, 
crosses  Elk  creek  at  the  east  edge  of  Clarksburg,  and  then 
swings  to  the  southwest  to  near  Lynch  Mines  at  the  mouth 
of  Browns  run  of  West  Fork  river.  There  it  changes  to  a 
southward  course,  passes  one-fourth  mile  west  of  Mt.  Clare, 
arid  crosses  Lost  creek  two  miles  northwest  from  the  town 
of  Lost  Creek,  and  the  Harrison-Lewis  county  line  about  two 
miles  westward  from  McWhorter. 

Northward  from  Harrison  the  axis  passes  into  Marion 
county  and  crosses  Buffalo  creek  2 miles  eastward  from 
Farmington;  Pawpaw  creek,  near  Stafford;  the  Marion- 
Monongalia  county  line,  west  of  Arnettsville ; and  finally  dies 
out  one  mile  northwest  of  Georgetown  on  the  west  slope  of 
the  Indiana  (Fayette)  anticline. 

Southward  from  Harrison  county  the  Shinnston  syn- 
cline passes  into  Lewis,  but  dies  out  shortly  on  the  steep 
northwest  slope  of  the  Chestnut  Ridge  anticline. 

When  the  axis  of  the  basin  enters  Harrison  from  Marion 
county,  the  top  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed  has  an  elevation 
of  about  850'  A.  T.,  but  the  coal  rises  rapidly  southward 
along  the  axis  of  the  syncline  to  an  elevation  of  910  feet  at 


■Lower  Pittsburgh  Sandstone  cropping  along  road  leading  down  Bingamcn  creek,  one  mile 

eastward  from  Peora. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


65 


Shinnston ; 950  feet  at  Meadowbrook ; 1080  feet  at  Clarks- 
burg; 1105  feet  at  Lynch  Mines;  1140  feet  near  Mt.  Clare; 
and  1360  feet  above  tide  at  the  Harrison-Lewis  county  line. 
The  rapid  rise  of  the  axis  to  the  southward  in  Harrison  is 
due  to  the  gradual  convergence  in  this  direction  of  the  axes 
of  the  Wolf  Summit  and  Chestnut  Ridge  anticlines. 

Grassland  Syncline. — In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area, 
the  next  structural  fold  immediately  on  the  east  of  the  Chest- 
nut Ridge  anticline,  and  west  of  the  Beards  Run  and  Rural- 
dale  anticline,  is  the  Grassland  syncline.  The  latter  has 
been  so  designated  by  the  writer  from  a postoffice  of  that 
name  through  which  the  axis  passes,  located  in  the  south- 
east corner  of  Simpson  district,  Harrison  county.  The  north- 
eastern terminus  of  the  trough  is  located  2^4  miles  north  of 
Tyrconnell  Mines  station  in  Taylor  county.  This  portion  of 
the  basin  lies  between  the  main  Chestnut  Ridge  anticline  on 
the  west  and  the  Beards  Run  anticline  on  the  east,  the  latter 
arch,  aS  mentioned  on  page  59,  being  merely  a spur  off 
the  former  anticline.  The  axis  of  the  Grassland  syncline 
enters  Harrison  from  Taylor  county  one  mile  and  a quarter 
northeast  from  Oral  station,  bears  south  10-15  degrees  west, 
following  closely  Douglas  run  of  Beards  run  to  its  head,  and 
crosses  Brushy  fork  of  Elk  creek  at  Grassland  P.  O.  From 
the  latter  point  the  axis  continues  the  same  course  and  crosses 
Elk  creek  one-half  mile  westward  from  the  Harrison-Barbour 
county  line  and  Gnatty  creek,  2*4  miles  northwest  from  the 
common  corner  to  Harrison,  Barbour  and  Upshur  counties. 
There  it  veers  more  to  the  west,  passes  about  one  mile 
southeast  from  Johnstown,  intersects  the  Harrison-Upshur 
county  line  one-half  mile  eastward  from  Rooting  creek,  and 
crosses  Hackers  creek  three-fourths  mile  eastward  from  the 
Upshur-Lewis  county  line.  In  Pennsylvania  and  northern 
West  Virginia  the  name  Ligonier  has  been  applied  to  the 
basin  east  of  the  Chestnut  Ridge  anticline.  The  Grassland 
syncline,  however,  is  only  a spur  off  the  main  Ligonier  basin 
to  the  eastward. 

Where  the  axis  of  the  syncline  intersects  the  Taylor- 
Harrison  county  line,  the  Pittsburgh  Cc  1 horizon  has  an 


66 


STRUCTURE. 


elevation  of  slightly  over  1400'  A.  T.,  but  from,  this  place 
the  coal  dips  rapidly  southwest  along  the  axis  of  the  trough, 
and  at  a point  two  miles  southward  from  Grassland  P.  O., 
it  has  an  elevation  of  only  1200'  A.  T.  From  this  low  por- 
tion of  the  basin,  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed  rises  gently  south- 
west along  the  axis  of  the  syncline,  and  at  the  Harrison- 
Upshur  county  line,  it  has  an  elevation  of  about  1255'  A.  T. 

A glance  at  the  structure  contours  of  the  top  of  the 
Pittsburgh  coal  bed  as  shown  by  the  economic  geology  map 
accompanying  this  report,  will  show  that  the  strata  ol  the 
Doddridge-Harrison  area  are  very  much  warped  and  twisted, 
and  that  ideal  conditions  prevail  for  the  segregation  of  petrol- 
eum and  natural  gas  into  pools  of  commercial  value.  It  will 
also  show  that  this  feature  is  directly  responsible  for  a large 
reduction  of  the  original  area  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed 
along  the  crests  of  the  Wolf  Summit  and  Chestnut  Ridge 
anticlines. 


CHAPTER  IV 


STRATIGRAPHY— GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


Introduction. 

The  stratified  or  sedimentary  rocks  of  the  earth’s  surface 
have  been  classified  by  geologists  into  divisions  based  mostly 
on  the  animal  and  vegetable  life  of  the  past  ages  as  preserved 
in  a fossil  state  in  the  rocks  themselves.  The  principal  divis- 
ions of  the  rock  column,  so  constructed  on  these  characters, 
are  as  follows : 

Cenozoic^Recent  life  forms. 

Mesozoic — Less  recent  forms. 

Paleozoic — Oldest  forms  of  life. 

Archean — Generally  crystalline  rocks  without  fossils  and 
direct  evidence  of  life,  largely  destroyed. 

The  surface  rocks  in  West  Virginia  are  mostly  included 
in  the  Paleozoic  division,  and  by  far  the  greater  portion  of 
the  area  of  the  State  consists  of  rocks  belonging  to  one  sub- 
division of  this  era;  viz.,  the  Carboniferous. 

The  subdivisions  or  ages  of  the  Paleozoic  are : 

I l Permian. 

(Upper  ) 

Carboniferous  ) ( Coal  Measures’  or  Pennsylvanian. 

| Lower  Subcarboniferous,  or  Mississippian. 

Devonian. 

Silurian. 

Ordovician. 

Cambrian. 


68 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area,  the  cropping  stratified 
rocks  belong  wholly  in  the  Upper  Carboniferous,  and  the 
exposed  beds  are  all  above  the  base  of  the  Conemaugh  series. 
The  following  table  exhibits  the  several  subdivisions  of  the 
stratified  rocks  in  northern  West  Virginia: 


UPPER  CARBONIFEROUS. 

Dunkard,  or  Permo-Carboniferous  Series  (1100  to  1200  feet). 
Monongahela  Series  (260  to  400  feet). 

Conemaugh  Series  (500  to  600  feet). 


Allegheny  Series  (225-350  feet). 

(Not  cropping  in  Doddridge-Harrison  Area.) 

Upper  Freeport  Coal. 

Upper  Freeport  Limestone. 

Bolivar  Fire-clay. 

Upper  Freeport  Sandstone. 

Lower  Freeport  Coal. 

Lower  Freeport  Limestone. 

Lower  Freeport  Sandstone. 

Upper  Kittanning  Coal. 

Middle  Kittanning  Coal. 

Lower  Kittanning  Coal. 

Lower  Kittanning  Clay. 

Lower  Kittanning  Sandstone. 

Vanport  (Ferriferous)  Limestone. 

Clarion  Sandstone. 

Clarion  Coal. 

Clarion  Clay. 


Pottsville  Series  (Northern  Section,  250-300  feet). 

(Not  cropping  in  Doddridge-Harrison  Area.) 

Homewood  Sandstone. 

Mt.  Savage  Fire-clay. 

Mt.  Savage  Coal. 

Upper  Mercer  Coal. 

Lower  Mercer  Coal. 

Upper  Connoquenessing  Sandstone. 

Quakertown  Coal. 

Lower  Connoquenessing  Sandstone. 

Sharon  Coal. 

Sharon  Conglomerate. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


69 


LOWER  CARBONIFEROUS. 

(Not  cropping  in  Doddridge-Harrison  Area.) 

MaKich  Chunk  Shales  (40  to  250  feet). 

Greenbrier  Limestone  (15  to  100  feet). 

Pocono  Sandstone  (400  to  600  feet). 


DEVONIAN. 

Catskill  Sandstones  (Venango  Oil  Group,  300  to  500  feet). 

Chemung  and  Hamilton  Shales,  penetrated  in  Wheeling  deep  well 
to  a depth  of  nearly  2,000  feet  below  the  Venango  Oil  Sand  Group 
without  reaching  the  Carboniferous  Limestone. 

The  order  and  character  of  the  several  formations  com- 
posing the  rock  column  in  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area,  will 
now  be  illustrated  by  sections  made  both  from  exposure  at 
crop,  and  from  the  logs  of  the  numerous  borings  for  petrol- 
eum and  natural  gas  throughout  the  two  counties. 

DODDRIDGE  COUNTY  SECTIONS. 

McClellan  District. — The  following  section  was  meas- 
ured by  the  writer  in  the  extreme  northern  portion  of  Grant 
district  with  aneroid  from  the  summit  of  a high  knob  near 
the  common  corner  to  Doddridge,.  Wetzel  and  Harrison 
counties,  along  a hill  road  leading  west  on  Talkington  fork, 
and  tied  to  the  Smith  & Robinson  No.  1 well  (1).  The  forma- 
tions as  recorded  are  thinner  than  they  should  be  for  the 
reason  that  the  measurements  were  made  in  descending  order 
along  the  rise  of  the  strata  for  a distance  of  one  mile,  thus 
shortening  the  true  vertical  interval  by  about  50  feet: 


Heldreth  P.  O.  Section,  McClellan  District. 

Upper  Carboniferous  ( 1268 ')  Thickness.  Total. 

Dunkard  Series  (873')  Feet.  Feet. 

Concealed  from  top  of  knob 100  100 

Concealed  with  sandstone  to  corner  of  3 

counties 65  165 

Shale  5 170 

Sandstone,  massive,  green 15  185 

Shale,  sandy 9 194 

Fire  clay 1 195 

Shale  and  concealed 15  210 

Shale,  red 4 214 

Fire  clay  (3") 1 215 

Shale  5 220 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


70 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Sandstone,  shaly 5 225 

Concealed  10  255 

Shale,  red  and  variegated 20  255 

Sandstone,  shaly 5 260 

Concealed  and  shale 15  275 

Sandstone,  massive,  coarse,  brown 35  310 

Shale,  sandy  and  red 10  320 

Sandstone,  massive 5 325 

Concealed  29  354 

Fire  clay 1 355 

Concealed  25  380 

Shale,  yellow  and  sandy 10  390 

Concealed  10  400 

Shale  5 405 

Sandstone,  massive 10  415 

Unrecorded  to  the  top  of  well  (1) 220  635 

Smith  & Robinson  No.  1 Well  Record  (1). 

Unrecorded  from  top  of  hole 238  873 

Monongahela  Series  (395') 

Unrecorded  382  1255 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 13  T268 


873' 


395' 


The  following  section  was  obtained  by  combining  the 
log  of  the  J.  Hudson1  diamond  drill  boring  (21)  located  at 
the  mouth  of  East  run,  1.2  miles  northwest  from  Sedalia,  with 
a section  measured  with  aneroid  by  Mr.  D.  B.  Reger,  Field 
assistant,  southwest  from  the  summit  of  a high  knob  one 
mile  southeast  from  Centerpoint,  down  the  hill  towards 
Robinson  fork : 


Section  Northwest  of  Sedalia,  McClellan  District. 


Upper  Carboniferous  {856.33')  Thickness.  Total. 


Dunkard  Series  (466') 

Shale,  brown,  capping  knob  and  concealed.. 

Sandstone,  green  and  flaggy 

Concealed  and  red  shale 

Sandstone,  brown,  flaggy,  micaceous,  Upper 

Marietta  

Concealed  and  red  shale 

Concealed,  mostly  sandstone 

Shale,  red,  Creston 

Sandstone,  brown,  friable,  Lower  Marietta. . . 

Shale,  brown  and  concealed 

Coal  blossom,  Washington  (2") 

Concealed 

Sandstone,  yellowish,  brown,  medium  grained 

and  hard,  Mannington 

Concealed  


Feet. 

Feet. 

20 

20 

25 

45 

105 

150 

50 

200 

15 

215 

35 

250 

40 

290 

15 

305 

25 

330 

0 

330 

40 

370 

30 

400 

5 

405 

200' 


130' 


1.  Vol.  II,  page  138,  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey;  1903. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


71 


Hudson  Boring  Log.  Ft.  In. 

Surface  27  0 ] 

Blue  sand  shale 5 0 j 

Red  shale 12. . . 0 j 

Sandstone  2 0 [ 

Blue  shale 2 0 [ 

Blue  shale 2 0 | 

Sandstone  5 0 | 

B ue  sand  shale 6 OJ 

Monongahela  Series  (390.33') 

Black  and  gray  shale,  Waynesburg 


61 


466 


136' 


coal 


horizon  

Blue  shale 

4 

oi 

..  2 

468 

Sand  shale 

12 

0 1 

Sandstone,  Gilboy 

Sandstone,  Uniontown 

14 

69 

o y... 
0 1 

..  116.7 

584.7 

Blue  shale 

17 

8 J 

r . f coal  

. , ’ * -I  shale  partings 

Uniontown.  . & 

[ coal  

0 

1 

1 

81 

3 f ... 
3J 

3.2 

587.9 

118.7' 


Blue  Shale 15 

Lime  and  shale  mixed 7 

Lime  and  shale 31 

Red  shale 6 

Lime  and  shale 4 

Soft  blue  shale 4 

Blue  shale 8 

Limestone,  (Benwood) 52 

Blue  shale 29 

Blue  shale 28 

Coal,  Sewickley 

Soft  white  shale 0 

Blue  shale 6 

Red  shale 4 

Blue  shale 4 


2] 
0 I 
0| 
0 I 
0 l 
0 f 
0| 
0 I 
0 I 
OJ 


Green  shale 

10 

Blue  shale 

5 

Red  shale 

2 

Soft  white  shale 

3 

Sandy  shale 

10 

Sand  shale 

2 

Sandstone,  (Upper 

Pitts- 

burgh)  

26 

Black  shale 

2 

Shale  

2 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 

01 
01 
0 1 
0 1 
0 I 
0 I 
0 l 

0 r 
0 1 

0 1 
1 

0 1 
0 1 
6J 


. 184.1 


0.5 


772 


772.5  187.8' 


77 


849.5 


6.83  856.33  83.83 


In  Vol.  II,  page  138,  of  the  State  reports,  Dr.  White 
doubtfully  refers  the  formation  at  466  feet  from  the  top  of 
the  section  as  representing  the  Waynesburg  “A”  coal  horizon, 
but  the  addition  of  the  part  above  the  top  of  the  boring, 


shows  that  this  stratum  represents  the  Waynesburg  bed; 
hence,  the  formations  16  feet  below  the  Waynesburg  coal 
probably  represent  both  the  Gilboy  and  Uniontown  sand- 
stones combined,  and  the  thickness  of  the  Monongahela  series, 


72 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


instead  of  being  457  feet,  4 inches,  is  only  390  feet,  4 inches. 
The  boring  is  very  important,  in  that  it  gives  the  thickness 
of  the  great  Pittsburgh  coal  bed  within  two  miles  of  the 
western  boundary  line  where  the  latter  coal  of  commercial 
thickness  and  purity  disappears. 

The  following  record  of  a well  drilled  for  oil  and  gas  by 
the  South  Penn  Oil  Company,  located  near  the  mouth  of 
Franks  run  of  McElroy  creek,  and  published  in  Vol.  I,  pp. 
328-329  of  the  State  Survey  reports,  gives  the  detailed  rock 
succession  down  to  almost  100  feet  in  the  Pocono  sandstone 
series.  The  well  starts  50  feet,  hand  level  measurement, 
below  the  base  of  the  Washington  coal  bed: 


Section  One  Mile  N.  W.  of  Centerpoint,  McClellan  District. 

(Sullivan  Heirs  No.  1 Well  Record  (71). 


Upper  Carboniferous  ( 1601 ') 

Dunkard  Series  (80') 

Top  rock 

Red  rock 

SSlatA  

Thickness. 

Feet. 

20 

50 

10 

Total. 

Feet. 

20 

70 

80 

80' 

Monongahela  Series  (414') 

Slate  

17 

97 

Sandstone,  (Gilboy) 

26  • 

123 

Red  rock  and  slate 

12 

135 

Slate  

15 

150 

Sandstone  (Uniontown)  

5 

155 

Red  rock 

17 

172 

Slate  

15 

187 

Coal,  (Un  iontown) 

8 

195 

115’ 

Sandstone  

18 

213 

Slate  

7 

220 

Limestone  

98 

318 

Slate  and  shells 

419 

Coal,  (Sewickley) 

6 

425 

230' 

Slate  

12 

437 

Limestone,  (Sewickley) 

24 

461 

Slntft  

33 

494 

69' 

Conemaugh  and  Allegheny  Series  (804  ) 

Sandstone  (Lower  Pittsburgh) 

31 

525 

Limestone  (Upper  Pittsburgh) 

6 

531 

Sandstone  

28 

559 

Slate  

47 

606 

Sandstone,  (Connellsville) 

30 

636 

142' 

Red  rock 

8 

644 

Limestone  

50 

694 

Red  rock  

20 

714 

Limestone  

69 

783 

147' 

Red  rock  (Pittsburgh) 

27 

810 

Limestone  

41 

851 

Slate  

867 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


73 


Thickness.  Total. 

Limestone  

Slate  

Limestone  

Slate  

Sandstone,  Dunkard,  Mahoning  and  Upper 

Freeport  

Limestone  54 

Sand,  gas,  “Gas  sand”  (Lower  Freeport) 

Slate,  “break” 22 

Sand,  gas,  “Gas  sand”  (Lower  Freeport) 

Limestone  51 

Pottsville  Series  (293') 

Salt  sand  (Homewood  and  Connoqueness- 

ing)  

Limestone  12 

Sandstone  28 

Slate  and  shells 59 

Sandstone  26 

Lower  Carboniferous  (jop') 

Mauch  Chunk  Series  (164') 

Slate  

Limestone  40 

Red  rock 

Limestone  

Red  rock 

Slate  

Limestone  31 

Slate,  “cave”  (“Pencil”) 15 

Greenbrier  Limestone  (58') 

Limestone,  (Mountain)  (Big  Lime) 58 

Pocono  Sandstones  (87') 

Sand,  gray,  “Keener” 13'  | 

Slate  2 | 

Sand,  white 20  [ 

Sand,  dark  gray 12  f 

Sand,  white  (oil  pay  at 

1910')  40  J 

The  well  starts  425  feet  below  the  top  of  a high  knob 
northeast  of  the  well,  so  that  the  total  thickness  of  the 


‘Big  Injun’ 


Feet. 

Feet. 

37 

904 

11 

915 

7 

922 

90 

1012 

101 

1113 

330' 

54 

1167 

28 

1195 

22 

1217 

40 

1257 

51 

1308 

195' 

168 

1476 

12 

1488 

28 

1516 

59 

1575 

26 

1601 

293' 

9 

1610 

40 

1650 

36 

1686 

13 

1699 

11 

1710 

9 

1719 

31 

1750 

15 

1765 

164' 

58 

1823 

58' 

87 

1910 

87' 

Dunkard  series  of  rocks,  represented  in  this  region,  is  about 
500  feet.  Since  the  Upper  Freeport  coal,  coming  at  the  top 
of  the  Allegheny  series,  is  not  represented  in  the  well,  it  is 
not  possible  to  determine  definitely  the  base  of  the  Cone- 
maugh,  but  it  appears  that  the  Mahoning  and  the  Upper 
Freeport  sandstones  have  combined  into  one  great  ledge, 
101  feet  thick.  The  Lower  Freeport  sandstone  is  separated 
into  two  divisions.  This  happens  quite  frequently  both  in 
northern  West  Virginia  and  Pennsylvania.  The  break  gen- 
erally holds  the  Upper  Kittanning  coal  bed. 


74 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


The  several  thick  ledges  of  limestone,  recorded  by  the 
drillers,  are  probably  mostly  hard  limy  shale. 

The  following  section  was  measured  with  aneroid  by 
Mr.  Reger  from  the  top  of  a high  knob  one  mile  and  a half 
south  from  Big  Battle  P.  O.  in  the  southwestern  edge  of 
McClellan  district,  northward  down  the  hill  road: 

Section  1.5  Miles  South  of  Big  Battle  P.  O., 
McClellan  District. 

Thickness.  Total 


Dunkard  Series  (382')  Feet.  Feet. 

Concealed  from  top  of  knob 10  10 

Shale,  red 50  60 

Shale,  brown 30  90 

Fire  clay,  streak,  (Dunkard  coal  horizon?)..  0 90 

Shale,  red 20  110 

Sandstone,  fine,  brown,  flaggy  (Jollytown) . . 33  143 

Fire  clay  (Jollytown  coal  horizon?) 2 145  145' 

Shale,  variegated 30  175 

Shale,  green 5 180 

Shale,  red  limy 5 185 

Sandstone,  shaly,  to  road  at  low  gap 5 190 

Shale,  variegated,  ferriferous  at  top 10  200 

Concealed  10  210 

Fire  clay  streak,  (Hundred  coal  horizon?)..  0 210  65' 

Sandstone,  gray  and  flaggy 15  225 

Concealed  5 230 

Sandstone,  hard,  greenish  gray,  massive....  15  245 

Slate,  gray 5 250 

Concealed,  mostly  red  shale 130  380 

Coal,  Washington,  estimated 2 382  172' 


The  several  streaks  of  fire  clay  appear  to  represent  the 
thin  coals  of  the  northern  end  of  the  State.  The  only  coal 
bed  of  the  Dunkard  series  to  attain  minable  thickness  in 
Doddridge  county  is  the  Washington  seam.  The  section  stops 
about  130  feet  above  the  base  of  the  latter  series. 

GRANT  DISTRICT. — Grant  district  lies  immediately 
southwest  from  McClellan.  Several  general  sections  will 
now  be  given  therein  to  show  the  rock  succession. 

The  following  is  the  detailed  log  of  a well  drilled  for  oil 
and  gas  by  the  South  Penn  Oil  Company  in  the  northwest 
corner  of  Grant  district,  1.5  miles  northeast  from  Canton , 
P.  O.  The  record,  with  some  modifications  in  parentheses 
by  the  writer,  is  as  published  by  I.  C.  White  in  Vol.  I,  pp. 
332-334.  The  well  starts  15  to  20  feet  below  the  Washington 
coal  bed : 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


75 


Section  1.5  Miles  Northeast  of  Canton,  Grant  District. 

(J.  D.  McReynolds  No.  1 Well  Record  (89).) 

Upper  Carboniferous  (1548')  Thickness.  Total. 

Dunkard  Series  (110')  Feet.  Feet. 

Conductor  (surface  gravel) IS  18 

Limestone  40  58 

Red  slate 10  68 

Limestone  25  93 

Sandstone  and  limestone........ 17  110  110' 

Monongahela  Series  (360') 

Sandstone  and  limestone 58  168 

Coal,  Uniontown) 2 170  60' 

Limestone  10  180 

Red  slate 15  195 

Limestone  . ! 104  299 

Slate,  black 18  317 

Limestone  10  327 

Slate,  red 16  343 

Sandstone,  (Sewickley) 41  384  214' 

Slate,  red 10  394 

Limestone  26  420 

Coal,  Pittsburgh?  (Redstone) 4 424 

Limestone  and  sandstone 46  470  86' 

Conemaugh  Series  (565') 

Limestone  and  sandstone r 71  541 

Slate  50  591 

Sandstone  10  601 

Slate  33  634 

Limestone  25  659 

S’ate,  red 5 664 

Slate,  blue 75  739 

Sandstone  and  limestone 96  835  365' 

Slate,  red  (Pittsburgh) 30  865 

Sandstone  25  890 

Slate  45  935 

Sand,  Dunkard?  (First  Cow  Run),  (Buffalo).  20  955 

Slate  10  965 

Limestone  and  sandstone  (Dunkard),  (Ma- 
honing)   50  1015 

Slate  20  1035  200' 

Allegheny  Series  (273') 

Limestone  108  1143 

Slate  95  1238 

Sandstone  (Clarion) 50  1288 

Slate  20  1308  273' 

Pottsville  Series  (240') 

Sandstone  (Second  Cow  Run)  (Homewood).  22  1330 

Limestone  25  1355 

Sand,  (“Salt"?)  (Upper  Connoquenessing) . . 30  1385 

Slate  30  1415 

Sand  (“Salt”?)  (Lower  Connoquenessing)..  63  1478 

Slate,  black 20  1498 

Sandstone,  (Sharon) 50  1548  240' 

Lower  Carboniferous  (752') 

Mauch  Chunk  (192') 

Slate,  blue 30  1578 


76 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 

Slate,  red 75  1653 

Slate,  black 25  1678 

Limestone  22  1700 

Sand  (Maxton) 40  1740 

Greenbrier  Limestone  (53') 

Big  Lime,  Mountain 53  1793 

Pocono  Sandstones  (507') 

Sand,  Big  Injun ! 117  1910 

Slate  40  1950 

Sand,  (Squaw) 10  1960 

Slate  30  1990 

Sandstone  and  limestone 110  2100 

Slate  - 100  2200 

Limestone  60  2260 

Sand,  (Berea  Grit) 40  2300 

Devonian  ( 220 ') 

Catskill  Sandstones  (220') 

Slate  150  2450 

Limestone  50  2500 

Slate  12  2512 

Sand,  ‘‘Thirty-foot"?  (Gordon  stray)  to  bot- 
tom   8 2520 

Oil  show  at  2517';  gas  at  2520'. 


192' 


53' 


507' 


220' 


In  the  above  section,  where  two  different  names  are 


given  for  the  same  sand  in  parentheses,  the  first  is  that 
generally  used  by  the  oil  and  gas  drillers,  and  the  second  its 
geologic  name.  The  coal  at  420  feet,  identified  by  the  drillers 
as  the  Pittsburgh  bed,  must  represent  the  Redstone  vein, 
since  the  former  in  this  region  occurs  500  to  520  feet  below 
the  Washington  coal,  and  the  latter  bed  is  only  20  feet  above 
the  top  of  the  hole.  Again,  the  coal  at  168  feet  undoubtedly 
represents  the  Uniontown  seam,  and  in  the  vicinity  of  Long 
Run  and  northward  in  Doddridge,  the  Pittsburgh  coal  comes 
300  feet  below  the  Uniontown ; hence,  the  base  of  the  Monon- 


gahela  series  should  occur  at  about  470  feet  in  the  well. 

The  following  section  was  obtained  one  mile  northwest 
from  Long  Run  station,  Grant  district,  by  combining  a hand 
level  section2  measured  by  the  writer  at  that  place  with  the 
log  of  the  J.  D.  Crabtree  No.  1 well  (126),  furnished  by  the 
South  Penn  Oil  Company  and  published  in  Vol.  I,  pages  325- 
326,  of  the  State  Survey  reports.  In  the  section  the  part 
measured  by  hand-level  extends  down  to  about  20  feet  below 
the  top  of  the  well : 


2.  Wirt-Roane-Calhoun  Report  p.  177  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey;  1911. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


77 


Section  One  Mile  Northwest  of  Long  Run,  Grant  District. 

Carboniferous , Upper  and  Lower  ( 2740 ')  Thickness.  Total 

Dunkard  Series  (286')  Feet.  Feet. 

Concealed  from  top  of  knob  (estimated  at) . 160  160 

Coal,  Washington  (old  mine,  fallen  shut)...  2 162  162' 

Fire  clay  and  green  lime  shale 7 169 

Concealed  and  sandstone,  Mannington 40  209 

Concealed  (containing  Waynesburg  “A"  coal 

horizon)  5 214 

Concealed  and  sandstone 26.4  240.4 

Concealed  and  reds 10  250.4 

Sandstone,  Waynesburg,  nodular  at  top, 

concealed  and  reds 36  286.4  124.4' 

Monongahela  Series  (409') 

Fire  clay  and  trace  of  dark  shale  Waynes- 
burg coal  horizon) 0.8  287.2 

Reds  10  297.2 

Sandstone,  coarse,  brown  at  bottom,  Gilboy..  31.6  328.8 

Fire  clay  and  yellowish  shale 10  338.8 

Sandstone,  massive,  coarse,  brown  and  peb- 
bly, Uniontown  36.8  375.6 

Shale,  gray 1.4  377.0 

Coal,  good V 3"  ] 

Slate,  gray,  streaks  of  [ 

coal  0 8 f Uniontown..  2.7  379.7  93.3' 

Coal,  slaty 0 10  J 

Fire  clay  and  concealed  to  Long  run  level. . 5.3  385 

J.  D.  Crabtree  No.  1 Well  Log  (126). 

Slate  and  limy  shells  (top  of  formation  20' 

below  top  of  hole) 65  450 

Slate  135  585 

Sandstone,  White  (Sewickley) 20  605  225.3' 

Slate  30  635 

Sandstone,  white,  (Upper  Pittsburgh) 60  695 

Coal,  trace,  Sewickley?  (Pittsburgh) 695  90' 

Conemaugh  Series  (565') 

Slate  15  710 

Sandstone,  (Lower  Pittsburgh) 20  730 

Slate  68  798 

Coal,  Little  Clarksburg 3 801  106' 

Slate  and  shells 184  985 

Sandstone,  black,  (Grafton) 10  995  194' 

Slate  115  1110 

Red  rock 97  1207 

Sand,  "Hurry  Up"  (Big  Dunkard)  (Mahon- 
ing)   46  1253 

Slate  7 1260  265' 

Allegheny  Series  (284') 

Slate  85  1345 

Sand,  Dunkard?  Mahoning?  (Gas  sand) 

(Lower  Freeport) 45  1390 

S’ate  63  1453 

Coal,  Upper  Freeport?  (Lower  Kittanning)  5 1458  198' 

Slate  31  1489 

Sand,  gas  (Clarion) 45  1534 

Slate  10  1544  86' 


78 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Pottsville,  and  Mauch  Chunk  (461') 

Sand  (Second  Cow  Run)  (Homewood)....  59  1603 

Slate  19  1622 

Sand,  “Salt”,  (Conoquenessing) 143  1765 

Slate,  shells  and  limestone 230  1995 

Slate,  “Pencil” 10  2005  461' 

Greenbrier  Limestone  (77'). 

Big  Lime,  Mountain 77  2082  77' 

Pocono  Sandstone  (658'?) 

Sand,  Big  Injun 79  2161 

Slate  and  sand,  light  and  shells 148  2309 

Sand,  dark,  Squaw 122  2431 

Slate  298  2729 

Sand,  Berea? 11  2740  658' 

Devonian  ( 326 ') 

Catskill  Sandstone  (326') 

Slate  67  2807 

Sandstone  4 2811 

Slate  2 2813 

Sandstone  3 2816 

Slate,  light 72  2888 

Slate,  pink 5 2893 

Sand,  gray,  Thirty-foot?  (Gordon  Stray)...  2 2895 

Slate,  black,  to  bottom 171  3066  326' 


In  that  portion  of  the  section  taken  from  the  Crabtree 
well  log,  several  corrections  in  the  correlation  of  the  record 
as  originally  published  are  added  in  parentheses.  Only  a 
trace  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  is  noted  in  the  well  at  695  feet 
from  the  top  of  the  section,  while  the  coal,  106  feet  lower, 
correlates  with  the  Little  Clarksburg  bed  of  the  Conemaugh 
series,  and  not  the  Pittsburgh. 

The  following  section  was  measured  by  Mr.  Reger  with 
aneroid  in  the  extreme  eastern  end  of  Grant  district,  on ‘the 
head  of  Flint  run : 

Section  One  Mile  Northwest  of  Numan  P.  O.,  Grant  District. 

Thickness.  Total. 


Dunkard  Series  (450') 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Concealed  from  top  of  high  knob 

to  road. 

low  gap 

230 

230 

Concealed  

5 

235 

Sandstone,  gray  and  flaggy 

15 

250 

Shale,  red 

5 

255 

Sandstone  

10 

265 

Shale,  red 

15 

280 

Sandstone,  shaly 

5 

285 

Red  shale  and  concealed 

15 

300 

Sandstone,  shaly 

310 

Fire  clay,  streak 

310 

Shale,  brown 

5 

315 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 

79 

Thickness. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Concealed  and  red  shale 

30 

345 

Sandstone,  shaly,  Upper  Marietta 

15 

360 

Shale,  red 

7 

367 

Sandstone  

3 

370 

Shale,  red 

10 

380 

Sandstone  

5 

385 

Shale,  brown 

10 

395 

Sandstone,  shaly,  Lower  Marietta 

10 

405 

Shale,  brown 

10 

415 

Concealed  

35 

450 

140' 

Coal,  Washington,  edge  of  road 

(base  is 

925'B  above  tide). 

The  section  was  measured 

northwest  along  the 

rise  of 

the  strata  for  a distance  of  three-fourths  mile. 

There  the 

rocks  are  pitching  to  the  southeast  at  the  rate  of  100  feet  to 
the  mile;  hence  the  intervals  are  much  shorter  than  they 
should  be,  and  the  total  section  should  probably  measure 
nearly  525  feet. 

WEST  UNION  DISTRICT.— The  district  of  West 
Union  lies  southwest  from  Grant,  and  borders  the  Tyler- 
Doddridge  county  line  in  the  region  of  Camp  P.  O.  The 
writer  measured  the  followed  section  with  aneroid  near  West 


Union,  the  upper  portion  of  which  was  secured  one  mile 
northwest  of  the  town : 


West  Union  Section,  West  Union  District. 


Upper  Carboniferous  ( 808 ./)  Thickness.  Total. 

Dunkard  Series  (405')  Feet.  Feet. 

Sandstone,  massive,  green,  micaceous,  at 

low  gap  over  R.  R.  tunnel 20  20 

Concealed  and  red  shale 45  65 

Sandstone,  reds,  and  sandstone,  Hundred.  35  100 

Reds,  dark 28  128 

Sandstone,  massive,  green,  micaceous,  me- 
dium grained,  Upper  Marietta 45  173 

Shale,  sandy 2 175 

Fire  clay,  gray  (Washington  “A”  coal  hori- 
zon)   2 177 

Reds,  dark,  Creston 83  260 

Sandstone  and  shale 15  275 

Coal  blossom,  Washington 275 

Fire  clay  shale,  Washington 15  290 

Sandstone,  massive,  Mannington 35  325 

Sandstone  and  reds 25  350 

Concealed  55  405 

Monongahela  Series  (403.7') 

Concealed  72  477 

Sandstone,  massive,  Uniontown 20  497 

Shale,  sandy 8 505 


100' 


175' 


130' 


8o 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


Thickness. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Coal  O'— 3 "] 

Coal,  good 2— 8V2  [ (3'— 9y2") 

Slate,  soft,  dark..O — 4 [ Uniontown 

Coal,  good 0 — 6 J 

t- 

CO 

508.7 

103.7' 

Concealed  to  Middle  Island  creek  at 

east 

edge  of  West  Union 

5 

513.7 

Interval  

293 

806.7 

Coal,  Pittsburgh  (No.  163  well) 

2 

808.7 

300' 

CENTRAL  DISTRICT.— The 

following 

section 

was 

obtained  in  the  extreme  western  part  of  Doddridge  county 
by  combining  a section  measured  with  aneroid  by  the  writer 
northward  down  the  hill  road  to  Greenwood,  with  the  log 
of  the  Flannagan  Heirs3  well  (198),  located  1.3  miles  south- 
east from  Tollgate,  close  to  the  Doddridge-Ritchie  county  line: 


Section  Near  Greenwood,  Central  District. 

Upper  Carboniferous  ( i960 ')  Thickness.  Total. 

Dunkard  Series  (480')  Feet. 

Sandstone,  green,  micaceous,  capping  knob, 

Fish  Creek 20 

Concealed,  mostly  reds 70 

Reds  25 

Sandstone,  flaggy,  green,  micaceous,  Hun- 
dred   30  145  145' 

Concealed  25 

Reds  10 

Sandstone,  green,  micaceous,  shaly,  Upper 

Marietta  30 

Concealed  and  shale 10 

Dark  shale,  trace  (Washington  “A”  coal 

horizon)  0 220  75' 

Fire  clay  shale,  “Washington  A” 10 

Reds  35'] 

Sandstone,  green 

broken,  Middle  [ (Creston  Red  shale) . 

Marietta  25  | 

Reds  10' J 

Sandstone,  broken 10  310 

Reds  and  concealed 10  320 

Sandstone,  Lower  Marietta 20  340 

Concealed  8 348 

Coal,  slaty,  Washington 2 350  130' 

Fire  clay  shale,  Washington 10  360 

Sandstone,  massive,  Mannington 20  380 

Concealed  10  390 

(Flannagan  Heirs  Well  Log  (198)  ) 

Unrecorded  90  480  130' 

Monongahela  Series  (390') 

Unrecorded  5 485 

Sandstone,  (Gilboy) 10  495 


70 


Feet. 

20 

90 

115 

145 

170 

180 

210 

220 

220 

230 


300 


3.  Vol.  1(A),  page  406,  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey;  1904. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


81 


Thickness. 

Total. 

Unrecorded  

Feet. 

45 

Feet. 

540 

Sandstone,  (Uniontown) 

25 

565 

85' 

Unrecorded  

35 

600 

Sandstone,  hard,  ( Arnoldsburg) 

20 

620 

Unrecorded  

134 

754 

Lime  

20 

774 

Unrecorded  

26 

800 

Sandstone,  blue 

10 

810 

Unrecorded  

50 

860 

Lime  

10 

870 

305' 

Conemaugh  Series  (515') 

Unrecorded  

80 

950 

Lime  

20 

970 

Unrecorded  

120 

1090 

Lime  

20 

1110 

Unrecorded  

35 

1145 

Coal,  (Harlem) 

3 

1148 

278' 

Unrecorded  

27 

1175 

Red  rock  (Pittsburgh) 

30 

1205 

Unrecorded  

40 

1245 

Coal  (Bakerstown) 

2 

1247 

99' 

Unrecorded  

23 

1270 

Sandstone,  hard  (1st  Cow  Run)  (Buffalo) . . . 

30 

1300 

Black  shales  (Brush  Creek) 

10 

1310 

Sandstone  (Big  Dunkard)  (Mahoning) 

65 

1375 

Lime  

10 

1385 

138' 

Allegheny  Series  (245') 

Unrecorded  

115 

1500 

Slate  and  shells 

130 

1630 

245' 

Pottsville  Series  (330') 

Sandstone,  sharp  and  nice  (Second 
Run)  (Homewood) 

Cow 

60 

1690 

Coal,  Tionesta 

2 

1692 

Sandstone  

10 

1702 

Slate  and  shells 

128 

1830 

Sand,  (Salt) 

60 

1890 

Unrecorded  

30 

1920 

Sand,  (Sharon?) 

40 

1960 

330' 

Lower  Carboniferous  (685') 

Maunch  Chunk  Series  (98') 

Unrecorded  

20 

1980 

Sand,  Salt?  (gas  at  1620';  break, 
(Maxton)  

1635') 

78 

2058 

98' 

Greenbrier  Limestone  (72') 

Big  Lime 

72 

2130 

72' 

Pocono  Sandstones  (515') 

Big  Injun  sand,  hard  (gas) 

84 

2214 

Unrecorded  

206 

2420 

Sand,  shelly 

100 

2520 

Unrecorded  

110 

2630 

Sand,  (Berea  Grit) 

15 

2645 

515 

Devonian  ( 457 ') 

Catskill  Sandstones  (457') 

Unrecorded  

65 

2710 

Sand  and  shells  (gas)  (Gantz) 

10 

2720 

82 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


Thickness. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Unrecorded  

50 

2770 

Shells  

2780 

Unrecorded  

10 

2790 

Sand,  (Thirty-foot) . . . 

12 

2802 

157' 

Unrecorded  

2860 

Shells  

5 

2865 

Unrecorded  

2876 

Sand,  (Gordon) 

12 

2888 

86' 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 

of  hole 

214 

3102 

214' 

The  above  section 

is  very  important  in  that 

one  or 

more 

formations  are  identified  in  every  series,  except  the  Allegheny, 
from  the  middle  of  the  Dunkard  of  the  Upper  Carboniferous 
down  to  near  the  base  of  the  Catskill  of  the  Devonian.  A 
marked  westward  thinning  of  the  Conemaugh  series  is 
shown  from  that  of  the  Long  Run  section,  page  77.  The 
Pittsburgh  coal  bed  is  absent  from  the  measures  in  this 
region,  but  its  horizon  belongs  there  about  520  feet  below 
the  Washington  coal  and  300  feet  below  the  Uniontown  bed. 
No  coals  are  recorded  for  the  Allegheny  series,  but  they 
would  belong,  if  present,  in  the  unrecorded  interval  at  the 
top  of  the  series.  The  formation  at  the  top  of  the  Pottsville 
series  represents  the  Second  Cow  Run  sand  of  Washington 
county,  Ohio,  or  the  Homewood  sandstone.  The  Gordon 
sand  group  near  the  base  of  the  section  is  represented  by  only 
one  thin  sand  that  apparently  correlates  with  the  true  Gordon. 

SOUTHWEST  DISTRICT.— The  following  section  was 
measured  with  aneroid  by  the  writer  southeast  down  the  hill 
road  to  Hughes  river  at  the  mouth  of  Lower  run,  three- 
fourth  mile  east  from  the  Doddridge-Ritchie  county  line : 


Section  One-half  Mile  East  of  Summers, 
Southwest  District. 


Upper  Carboniferous  ( 290 ')  Thickness.  Total 

Dunkard  Series  (145')  Feet.  Feet. 

Concealed  from  top  of  hill 9.7  9.7 

Coal,  Washington  (4") 0.3  10  10' 

Fire  clay  shale,  Washington 10  20 

Shale,  buff 5 25 

Sandstone,  coarse,  massive,  Mannington  . . . . 55  80  70' 

Concealed  30  110 

Red  shale 10  120 

Sandstone,  massive,  Waynesburg 25  145  65' 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


83 


Monongahela  Series  (145') 

Concealed  

Fire  clay  shale 

Concealed  and  reds 

Sandstone  

Red  shale  with  thin  sandstones 

Concealed  

Sandstone,  massive,  Uniontown 

Concealed  (contains  Uniontown  coal  hori- 
zon)   

Fire  clay  shale 

Reds,  dark... 

Reds  and  concealed  to  forks  of  road,  mouth 

of  Lower  run 

Concealed  to  Hughes  river 


2 

147 

3 

150 

5 

155 

5 

160 

20 

180 

20 

200 

20 

220 

5 

225 

5 

230 

25 

255 

30 

285 

5 

290 

80' 


65' 


In  the  above  section,  the  intervals  are  slightly  less  than 
they  should  be  for  the  reason  that  the  section  was  measured 
southeast  in  descending  order  along  the  rise  of  the  strata. 

The  following  section  was  measured  by  Mr.  Reger  near 
the  central  portion  of  Southwest  district  northward  along 
the  hill  road  to  South  Fork  of  Hughes  river  1.5  miles  below 
Kelly  P.  O. : 


Section  1.5  Miles  West  of  Kelly  P.  O.,  Southwest  District. 

Upper  Carboniferous  (355')  Thickness.  Total 

Dunkard  Series  (150')  Feet.  Feet. 

Sandstone,  shaly,  Lower  Marietta 20  20 

Coal  blossom,  Washington 0 20  20' 

Fire  clay,  shale,  Washington 5 25 

Shale,  red 5 30 

Concealed  85  65 

Sandstone,  flaggy,  Mannington 15  80  60' 

Concealed  5 85 

Sandstone,  flaggy,  Waynesburg 35  120 

Concealed,  sandstone  and  concealed 30  150  70' 

Monongahela  Series  (205') 

Concealed,  sand -tone  and  concealed 15  165 

Sandstone,  Gilboy 10  175 

Concealed  35  210 

Sandstone  5 215 

Concealed  20  235 

Sandstone,  Uniontown 25  260  110' 

Shale,  brown 15  275 

Sandstone  5 280 

Concealed  20  300 

Sandstone  10  310 

Fire  clay 1 311 

Shale,  brown 5 316 

Shale,  red 14  330 

Sandstone,  Arnoldsburg,  to  Hughes  river....  25  355  95' 


84 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


The  section  was  measured  nearly  along  the  strike  of  the 
rocks,  hence  the  intervals  recorded  are  approximately  correct. 

COVE  DISTRICT. — This  district  occupies  the  extreme 
southern  portion  of  Doddridge  county.  The  writer  measured 
the  following  section  with  aneroid  southward  from  the  head 
of  Bear  fork  along  the  hill  road  leading  down  the  latter 
stream : 

Section  1.5  Miles  South  of  Grove  P.  O.,  Cove  District. 


Upper  Carboniferous  ( 360 ')  Thickness.  Total 

Dunkard  Series  (360')  Feet.  Feet. 

Sandstone,  capping  knob,  and  concealed....  50  50 

Reds  and  concealed 70  120 

Sandstone,  coarse,  friable,  brown  (Hun- 
dred?)   20  140  140' 

Shale,  buff  and  red 15  155 

Sandstone,  massive,  Upper  Marietta 40  195  55' 

Concealed  (with  spring  water) 5 200 

Reds,  Creston 35  235 

Sandstone,  with  shale  layers,  Lower  Mari- 
etta   15  250 

Shale,  sandy 5 255 

Concealed  24  279 

Coal  (12"),  Washington 1 280  85' 

Fire  Clay  shale,  Washington 10  290 

Shale,  buff 10  300 

Concealed  5 305 

Red  shale 10  315 

Sandstone,  broken,  Mannington 20  335  55' 

Concealed  10  345 

Sandstone,  massive,  Waynesburg 15  360  25' 


The  section  does  not  reach  down  to  the  base  of  the 
Dunkard  series  by  35  to  50  feet.  There  is  some  doubt 
whether  the  formation  120  feet  from  the  top  represents  the 
Hundred  sandstone.  The  latter  generally  comes  175  to  200 
feet  above  the  Washington  coal  bed.  There  is  no  doubt  as 
to  the  identity  of  the  latter  bed. 

The  following  section  was  obtained  in  the  extreme  south- 
eastern corner  of  Doddridge  county  by  combining  a section 
measured  with  hand  level  by  the  writer  westward  down  the 
hill  road  to  Big  Buck  run,  one-half  mile  north  of  St.  Clara 
P.  O.,  with  the  log  of  the  Christian  Albers  No.  1 well  (248), 
published  in  Vol.  1(A)  of  the  State  Survey  reports,  page  298. 
The  latter  well  is  located  1.5  miles  southwest  of  St.  Clara 
P.  O.: 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


85 


Section  Near  St.  Clara  P.  O.,  Cove  District. 


Upper  and  Lowert  Carboniferous  {2787')  Thickness.  Total 
Dunkard  Series  (475')  Feet.  Feet 

Concealed  from  top  of  high  knob  1 mile 

N.  E.  of  St.  Clara  to  summit,  hill  road..  160  160 

Shale,  red 3 163 

Sandstone,  massive,  Upper  Marietta 31.2  194.2  194.2' 

Concealed,  mostly  red  shale 36.4  230.6 

Sandstone  5.2  235.8 

Shale,  red,  Creston 57.2  293 

Sandstone,  massive,  Lower  Marietta 31.2  324.2 

Concealed  17.8  342 

Coal,  blossom,  Washington 3 345  150.8' 

Fire  clay  shale,  Washington. 20.8  365.8 

Sandstone,  massive,  Mannington 36.4  402.2 

Concealed  6 408.2 

Shale,  red,  and  sandstone 20  428.2 

Concealed  25.8  454 

Shale,  red 5 459 

Sandstone,  Waynesburg 6 465 

Shale,  sandy 5 470 

Concealed  5 475  130' 

Monongahela  Series  (435') 

Concealed  11  486 

Sandstone  2 488 

Concealed  to  road  fork,  y2  mile  N.  E.  of  St. 

Clara  3 491 

Interval  (barometric  measurement)  to  top 

of  well  (248) 95  586  111' 

Christian  Albers  No.  1 Well  Log  (248). 

Unrecorded  324  910 

Coal,  Pittsburgh  (thickness  not  recorded) 910  324' 

Conemaugh,  Allegheny,  Pottsville,  Mauch 
Chunk  and  Greenbrier  Limestone  (1414') 

Unrecorded  1414  2324  1414' 

Pocono  Sandstone  (463') 

Sand,  Big  Injun  (oil  show  at  1890') 152  2476 

Unrecorded  281  2757 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea)  (oil,  2176';  water 

2178')  30  2787  463' 

Devonian  (d') 

Catskill  (6') 

Unrecorded  to  bottom  of  well 6 2793  6' 


In  the  above  section,  the  formation  at  the  top  was  not 
measured,  but  estimated  from  the  topographic  contour  map 
of  the  U.  S.  G.  Survey.  The  formations  below  the  latter 
down  to  491  feet  from  the  top  were  measured  by  hand  level, 
and  the  next  determined  by  an  aneroid  measurement  of  the 
interval  from  the  top  of  the  Albers  well  (248)  up  to  the  crop 
of  the  Washington  coal  bed  on  a point  immediately  west  from 
the  well. 


86 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


The  oil  well  drillers  in  this  region  have  erroneously 
identified  the  formation  2757  feet  from  the  top  as  the  Gantz 
sand.  In  the  writer’s  judgment,  this  horizon  should  correlate 
with  the  Berea  Grit,  coming  as  it  does  only  433  feet  below  the 
top  of  the  Big  Injun  sand.  It  is  undoubtedly  the  same  forma- 
tion in  which  the  deep  sand  oil  occurs  in  the  Yellow  Creek  and 
Rowles  Run  fields  of  Calhoun  county  on  to  the  southwest. 

NEW  MILTON  DISTRICT.— The  following  section 
was  obtained  in  the  extreme  southeast  corner  of  New  Milton 
district  along  the  Doddridge-Lewis  county  line  by  combining 
a section  measured  with  aneroid  by  the  writer  westward 
along  the  hill  road  leading  down  Spring  run  of  Indian  fork, 
with  the  log  of  the  D.  H.  Nicholson  No.  1 well  (277),  pub- 
lished on  page  295  of  Vol.  1(A)  of  the  State  Survey  reports. 
Some  modifications  of  the  log  as  originally  published  are 
given  in  parentheses  by  the  writer: 

Section  One  Mile  East  of  Coldwater,  New  Milton  District. 


Upper  and  Lower  Carboniferous  ( 2720 ')  Thickness.  Total 

Dunkard  Series  (467')  Feet.  Feet. 

Concealed  from  summit  of  high  knob  to  fork 

of  road  on  ridge 125  125 

Shale,  red  and  sandy 10  135 

Sandstone  5 140 

Shale,  red  and  variegated 20  160 

Fire  clay,  trace 160 

Shale  5 165 

Sandstone,  massive,  Upper  Marietta 40  205 

Concealed  24  229 

Fire  clay,  Washington  “A” 1 230  230' 

Concealed  and  shale 25  255 

Sandstone  30'  ] 

Concealed  30  )■  Lower  Marietta 70  325 

Sandstone,  shaly...l0J 

Concealed  7 332 

Black  slate 2 334 

Coal,  Washington 3 337  107' 

Fire  clay  and  concealed  to  top  of  Nicholson 

well  (277) 23  360 

(D.  H.  Nicholson  No.  1 well  record  (277) 

Unrecorded  107  467  130' 

Monongahela  Series  (438') 

Unrecorded  433  900 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 5 905  438'’ 

Conemaugh  and  Allegheny  Series  (915') 

Unrecorded  635  1540 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (Upper  Freeport) 75  1615 

Unrecorded  85  1700 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


87 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 

Gas  (?)  sand 5 1705 

Unrecorded  115  1820 

Pottsville,  Mauch  Chunk  and  Greenbrier  Lime- 
stone (615') 

Sand,  Salt?  (Second  Cow  Run)  (Homewood)  85  1905 

Unrecorded  170  2075 

Sand,  Maxton 5 2080 

Unrecorded  355  2435 


Pocono  Sandstones  (285') 

Big  Injun  sand 75 

Unrecorded  195 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea) 15 

Devonian  ( 546 ') 

Catskill  Sandstones  (546') 

Unrecorded  298 

Sand,  Gordon 7 

Unrecorded  159 

Sand,  Fifth  (thickness  not  recorded) 

Unrecorded  to  bottom  of  well 82 


2510 

2705 

2720 


3018 

3025 

3184 

3266 


915' 


615' 

285' 


546' 


In  the  above  section  the  top  formation  is  estimated  from 
the  topographic  contours  of  the  U.  S.  G.  Survey.  The  base 
of  the  Dunkard  series  is  placed  at  130  feet  below  the  Washing- 
ton coal.  It  may  slightly  exceed  this  figure,  and  in  that  event 
the  thickness  (438')  of  the  Monongahela  series  would  have  to 
be  reduced  a like  amount.  Owing  to  the  lack  of  details  in  the 
well  log,  it  is  not  possible  to  separate  the  Conemaugh  and 
Alleghen)'  series,  as  well  as  the  Pottsville,  Mauch  Chunk  and 
Greenbrier  Limestone.  The  formation  2705  feet  from  the 
top  evidently  belongs  higher  in  the  measures  than  at  the 
horizon  of  the  Gantz  sand,  and  probably  correlates  with  the 
Berea  Grit. 

GREENBRIER  DISTRICT. — The  following  section  was 
obtained  near  Miletus  in  the  northern  portion  of  Greenbrier 
district  from  the  log  of  the  Maxwell  Heirs  No.  1 well  (296), 
published  on  page  324  of  Vol.  I of  the  State  Survey  reports. 
The  well  starts  10  feet  above  the  crop  of  the  Washington 
coal  bed.  The  top  formation  is  estimated  from  the  topo- 
graphic contour  map  from  the  summit  of  a high  knob,  one- 
third  mile  southeast  from  the  well,  with  allowance  made  for 
a dip  in  the  opposite  direction  of  25  feet : 


88 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


Section  One-half  Mile  South  of  Miletus,  Greenbrier  District. 


Carboniferous,  Upper  and  Lower.  {2875') 

Thickness. 

Total 

Dunkard  Series  (555') 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Unrecorded,  concealed  mostly  from 

top  of 

of  knob  southeast  of  well 

415 

415 

Maxwell  Heirs  No.  1 Well  Log  (296)  ) 

Unrecorded  

10 

425 

Coal  Washington  (supplied  from  crop) 

425 

Unrecorded  

130 

555 

555' 

Monongahela  Series  (447') 

Unrecorded  

447 

1002 

Coal,  Pittsburgh  (thickness  not  recorded)... 

1002 

447' 

Conemaugh,  Allegheny,  Pottsville, 

Mauch 

Chunk  and  Greenbrier  Limestone  (1333') 

Unrecorded  

1333 

2335 

1333' 

Pocono  Sandstones  (540') 

Sand,  Big  Injun  (gas  at  1955'  and  2100').... 

185 

2520 

Sand,  Squaw 

150 

2670 

Unrecorded  

125 

2795 

Sand,  Gantz? 35'  ] 

Slate  5 [-(Berea). 

80 

2875 

540' 

Sand,  Fifty-foot?.  .....  .40  J 

Devonian  ( 470 ') 

Catskill  Sandstones  (470') 

Slate  

115 

2990 

Sand,  (gas  for  boiler)  (Thirty  foot) . . . 

28 

3018 

Unrecorded  

37 

3055 

Shells  and  shaly  sandstone  (gas  at 

2650') 

(Gordon  Stray) 

20 

3075 

Shells  and  slate 

10 

3085 

Sand,  pebbly,  Gordon  (strong  gas).... 

30 

3115 

Shells  and  slate  to  bottom  of  hole. . . . 

230 

3345 

470' 

The  great  thickness  for  the  Monongahela  series  (447')  is 
unusual  for  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area,  and  in  this  section 
it  may  be  due  to  the  fact  that  the  base  of  the  Dunkard  series 
has  been  placed  too  high  in  the  measures.  The  Waynesburg 
coal  horizon  is  not  recorded.  The  same  lack  of  details  in 
the  well  record  prevents  the  separation  of  the  Upper  and 
Lower  divisions  of  the  Carboniferous  system,  as  well  as  the 
different  series  composing  them. 

The  following  section  was  obtained  in  the  extreme 
eastern  point  of  Greenbrier  district  by  combining  a section 
from  the  summit  of  a high  knob,  located  two  miles  due  north 
from  Big  Isaac,  with  the  log  of  the  Geo.  T.  Richards  No.  3 
well  (315),  published  on  page  294  of  Vol.  1(A)  of  the  State 
Survey  reports.  The  top  of  the  well  is  nearly  flush  with  the 
Washington  coal  horizon : 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


89 


Section  One-half  Mile  North  of  Big  Isaac,  Greenbrier  District. 

Upper  Carboniferous  ( 2060' ) Thickness.  Total 

Dunkard  Series  (330')  Feet.  Feet. 

Concealed  from  top  of  the  knob  to  well 200  200 

(Log  of  Richards  Well  (315)  ) 

Unrecorded  130  330  330' 

Monongahela  Series  (465') 

Unrecorded  460  790 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 5 795  465' 

Conemaugh  Series  (525') 

Unrecorded  317  1112 

Sandstone,  Little  Dunkard?  (Saltsburg) 25  1137 

Unrecorded  93  1230 

Sandstone,  Big  Dunkard  (Mahoning) 40  1270 

Unrecorded  50  1320  525' 

Allegheny  Series  (250') 

Unrecorded  250  1570  250' 

Pottsville  Series  (490') 

Unrecorded  130  1700 

Sand,  Salt 185  1885 

Unrecorded  175  2060  490' 

Lower  Carboniferous  (700') 

Mauch  Chunk  Series  (110') 

Sand,  Maxton 75  2135 

Unrecorded  35  2170  110' 

Greenbrier  Limestone  (65') 

Big  Lime 65  2235  65' 

Pocono  Sandstones  (525  ) 

Sand,  Big  Injun 100  2335 

Unrecorded  425  2760  525' 

Devonian  (429') 

Catskill  Sandstones  (429') 

Unrecorded  8 2768 

Sand,  Fifty-foot 25  2793 

Unrecorded  58  2851 

Sand,  Gordon  Stray  (oil,  2664') 35  2886 

Unrecorded  13  2899 

Sand,  Gordon 44  2943 

Unrecorded  150  3093 

Sand,  Fifth 9 3102 

Unrecorded  to  bottom  of  well 87  3189  429' 

The  lack  of  detailed  records  of  the  wells  drilled  in  this 
portion  of  Doddridge  county  makes  it  a very  difficult  matter 
to  correlate  the  several  formations  of  the  rock  column, 
especially  so  below  the  top  of  the  Lower  Carboniferous. 

HARRISON  COUNTY  SECTIONS. 

Several  general  sections  will  now  be  given  by  districts 
for  Harrison  county.  There  the  streams  have  cut  down  much 
deeper  into  the  rock  column  than  in  Doddridge,  reaching 
almost  to  the  base  of  the  Conemaugh  series. 


90 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


SARDIS  DISTRICT. — Sardis  district  occupies  the 
northwestern  portion  of  Harrison  county.  The  following 
section  was  obtained  near  the  central  part  of  the  district  at 
the  town  of  Brown  by  combining  an  aneroid  section  measured 
by  the  writer  northeastward  in  part  along  the  hill  road  to 
the  town,  with  the  log  of  the  I.  L.  Marsh  No.  1 well  (373), 
published  on  page  250  of  Vol.  I of  the  State  Survey  reports. 
The  well  is  located  at  the  northwest  edge  of  Brown,  and 
reached  a depth  of  only  1867  feet,  hence  the  lower  portion  of 
the  section  has  been  supplied  from,  the  log  of  the  Temple 
Smith  No.  2107  well  (374).  The  latter  well  is  located  only 
on,e-half  mile  northward  from  the  Marsh  well.  Owing  to  the 
rapid  dip  of  the  strata  in  this  region  to  the  northwest,  it  is 
quite  difficult  to  obtain  accurate  measurements  of  the  cropping 
rocks  from  exposures : 

Section  at  Brown,  Sardis  District. 


Carboniferous,  Upper  ( 200 /)  Thickness.  Total 

Dunkard  Series  (460')  Feet.  Feet. 

Concealed  from  top  of  knob  to  road  at  low 

gap  southwest  of  Brown 130  * 130 

Sandstone,  flaggy,  green 10  140  > 

Concealed  4 144 

Shale,  red 8 152 

Concealed  25  177 

Sandstone,  green,  micaceous 10  187 

Shale,  variegated  and  red 15  202 

Concealed  25  227 

Sandstone,  green,  micaceous,  Upper  Mari- 
etta   10  237 

Shale,  red,  sandy  and  variegated,  Creston..  40  277 

Concealed  25  302 


Sandstone  ........  s'  ( Lo  e Marietta.  16 

Shale,  sandy  and  dark..  11  j 

Concealed  5 

Coal,  Washington,  12"  to 2 

Fire  clay  shale,  Washington 10 

Concealed  (mostly)  to  top  of  Marsh  well 

(373)  90 

(I.  L.  Marsh  No.  1 Well  Record  (373)  ) 

Conductor  (surface  gravel) 10 

Sandstone,  white,  Waynesburg  (Bluff  sand).  25 
Monongahela  Series  (413') 

Coal,  Waynesburg 3 

Slate  15 

Sandstone,  hard  and  white,  (Gilboy)  (10" 

casing,  93') 35 

Slate,  soft 80 


318 

323 

325 

335 

425 

435 

460 

463 

478 

513 

593 


335' 


125' 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


91 


Thickness. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Coal,  Uniontown 

5 

598 

138' 

Limestone,  hard,  (Uniontown) 

30 

628 

Slate,  soft  and  white 

15 

643  . 

Limestone,  hard  and  blue  (Benwood). 

112 

755 

157' 

Slate,  soft  and  black 

60 

815 

Limestone,  hard  (Sewickley) 

15 

830 

Slate,  white 

33 

863 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 

873 

118' 

Conemaugh  Series  (595') 

Slate  and  sandstone (232'?) 

Red  rock  and  “cave” 

Sandstone,  (Grafton) 

Slate,  white,  and  shells 

Sandstone,  hard  and  dark  (Saltsburg) 

Slate  and  shells,  hard  and  limy  (7%"  casing, 

966.5')  

Sandstone,  Dunkard  (Big  Dunkard)  (Mahon- 
ing) (gas  at  970';  blackish  oil  at  975').. 
Allegheny  Series  (300') 

Slate,  black  and  shells 

Pottsville  Series  (242') 

Sandstone,  white  (Second  Cow  Run)  (Home- 

wood)  

Slate,  black 

Sandstone,  black  and  close 


Slate,  black 

Sand,  black 55'  ( Qan  - 

Sand,  white,  solid 102  j (Salt  Sand)' 

Lower  Carboniferous  (68 1') 

Mauch  Chunk  Series  (134') 

Slate  and  shells 

Limestone  and  slate 

Limestone,  hard 

Red  rock 


Limestone,  hard  and  blue 

Limestone  and  shells 

Red  rock 

Slate,  black,  cave,  “Pencil” 

Greenbrier  Limestone  (49') 

Limestone,  light  gray  (Big  Lime)  (5%"  cas- 
ing)   

Pocono  Sandstones  (498') 

Sandstone,  gray 7'  ] 

Limestone,  gray 32  | 

Slate,  black 4 | 


222 

1095 

40 

1135 

15 

1150 

277' 

65 

1215 

30 

1245 

95' 

140 

1385 

80 

1465 

220' 

300 

1765 

300' 

30 

1795 

30 

1825 

10 

1835 

5 

1840 

10 

1850 

157 

2007 

242' 

8 

2015 

10 

2025 

30 

2055 

15 

2070 

37 

2107 

6 

2113 

12 

2125 

5 

2130 

11 

2141 

134' 

49 

2190 

49' 

Limestone,  gray 14  j 


Sandstone,  white,  soft 
at  top  (gas  at 

1833')  40 

Shale,  hard  pebbles  at 
bottom,  gray 5 


} Big  Injun  sand. 


102 


(Temple  Smith 
(374)  ) 


2292 


No.  2107  Well  Log 


92 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 

Sand,  (bottom  of  Big  Injun  sand  in  this 
well  is  1445'  below  top  of  Pittsburgh 


coal)  16  2308 

Unrecorded  380  2688  498' 

Devonian  ( 120 ') 

Catskill  Sandstones  (120') 

Unrecorded  75  2763 

Sand,  Fifty-foot  (gas  2'  in  sand) 44  2807 

Skate  to  bottom  of  hole 1 2808  120' 


In  that  portion  of  the  section  in  which  the  log  of  the 
Marsh  well  is  used,  the  identifications  in  parentheses  are  by 
the  writer.  It  is  a very  important  section  in  that  many  de- 
tails are  given  in  the  different  series  of  the  rock  column. 
Also  the  division  plane  between  the  Upper  and  Lower  Car- 
boniferous rocks  is  sharply  defined. 

The  following  section  was  obtained  in  the  southwest 
corner  of  Sardis  district  by  combining  the  log  of  the  Nathan 
Goff  No.  45  well  (362),  as  furnished  the  Survey  by  B.  M. 
Despard  of  Clarksburg,  W.  Va.,  with  a section  measured 
with  aneroid  by  D.  B.  Reger,  southward  from  the  summit  of 
a high  knob  along  the  road  leading  down  a branch  of  Grass 
run : 


Section  1.5  Miles  South  of  Fonda  P.  O.,  Sardis  District. 


Upper  Carboniferous  {2330') 

Thickness. 

Total 

Dunkard  Series  (822  ) 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Concealed  from  summit  of  high  knob 

to  low 

gap  

150 

150 

Shale,  red,  concealed,  red  shale 

25 

175 

Sandstone,  green,  flaggy,  micaceous 

(Nin- 

eveh)  

20 

195 

195' 

Concealed  

50 

245 

Sandstone,  green,  flaggy,  fine  grained 

(Bur- 

ton)  

20 

265 

Fire  clay  (Hostetter  coal  horizon).... 

1 

266 

71' 

Concealed  

44 

310 

Sandstone,  shaly 

5 

315 

Concealed  

10 

325 

Sandstone,  shaly 

25 

350 

84' 

Shale,  red 

10 

360 

Sandstone,  shaly 

365 

Shale,  red 

370 

Concealed  

380 

Coal  blossom  (Fish  Creek) 

380 

30' 

Concealed  to  top  of  Goff  well  (362) . . . 

35 

415 

(Nathan  Goff  No.  45  Well  Log  (362)  ) 

Unrecorded  

274 

689 

Coal,  Washington 

3 

692 

312' 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  93 

Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 


Unrecorded  130  822  180' 

Monongahela  Series  (427') 

Unrecorded  421  1243 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 6 1249  427' 

Conemaugh  Series  (576') 

Unrecorded  369  1618 

Sandstone,  Litt’.e  Dunkard?  (Saltsburg) 33  1651 

Unrecorded  92  1743 

Sandstone,  Big  Dunkard  (Mahoning) 52  1795 

Unrecorded  30  1825  576' 

Allegheny  Series  (265') 

Unrecorded  170  1995 

Gas  sand  (Lower  Freeport) 20  2015 

Unrecorded  75  2090  265' 

Pottsville  Series  (240') 

Sand,  Salt?  (Second  Cow  Run)  (Homewood)  30  2120 

Unrecorded  210  2330  240' 

Lozver  Carboniferous  (695') 

Mauch  Chunk  Series  (125') 

Unrecorded  60  2390 

Sand,  Maxton 25  2415 

Unrecorded  35  2450 

Pencil  cave 5 2455  125' 

Greenbrier  Limestone  ( 72 ') 

Big  Lime  72  2527  72' 

Pocono  Sandstones  (498') 

Sand,  Big  Injun 98  2625 

Unrecorded  400  3025  498' 

Devonian  (342') 

Catskill  Sandstones  (342') 

Unrecorded  60  3085 

Sand,  Fifty-foot 52  3137 

Unrecorded  56  3193 

Sandstone,  Thirty-foot 20  3213 

Unrecorded  32  3245  220' 

Sand,  Gordon  Stray 50  3295 

Unrecorded  15  3310 

Sand,  Gordon  (oil  pay,  3222'  light) 30  3340 

Break  of  slate 3 3343 

Shells  15  3358 

Slate  to  bottom  of  hole 9 3367  122' 


Note. — Conductor,  14';  10"  casing,  290';  814"  casing,  1328';  6%" 
casing,  2326';  small  hole,  2830';  completed,  February  6,  1906. 

The  above  section  agrees  closely  with  that  for  Brown, 
3 y2  miles  to  the  northeast.  A small  coal  in  addition  to  the 
Washington  seam  occurs  in  the  Dunkard  series,  310  feet  above 
the  latter  bed.  It  appears  to  correlate  with  the  Fish  Creek 
vein  of  the  Littleton,  Wetzel  county,  region.  In  Harrison 
county  this  coal  is  accompanied  by  5 to  8 feet  of  buff  and 
greenish  fire  clay  shale,  resembling  much  in  texture  and 
general  appearance  the  Washington  fire  clay  shale.  It  comes 


94 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


immediately,  under  the  bed,  and  this  same  feature  goes  with 
the  Fish  Creek  coal  in  eastern  Wetzel  and  western  Monon- 
galia counties. 

The  writer  measured  the  following  section  with  aneroid 
in  the  southeastern  point  of  Sardis  district  from  the  summit 
of  the  high  knob,  three-fourths  mile  due  west  of  Katys  Lick 
P.  O.,  eastward  to  Katys  creek.  The  intervals  are  much  less 
than  they  should  be  for  the  reason  that  the  section  was 
measured  eastward  along  the  rapid  rise  of  the  strata.  The 
top  of  the  first  formation  has  risen  in  that  direction  at  least 
75  feet  by  the  time  basal  formation  of  the  section  is  reached : 


Section  Three-fourths  Mile  West  of  Katys  Lick, 
Sardis  District. 

Thickness.  Total 


Dunkard  Series  (110') 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Sandstone,  buff,  micaceous,  Mannington, 
capping  knob  used  as  U.  S.  G.  Survey  tri- 
angulation point 

20 

20 

Concealed,  mostly  shale 

60 

80 

Sandstone,  green,  micaceous,  Waynesburg.. 

15 

95 

Concealed  

15 

110 

110' 

Monongahela  Series  (395') 

Concealed  

10 

120 

Sandstone,  coarse,  gray  and  pebbly,  Gilboy.. 

35 

155 

Concealed  along  bench 

5 

160 

Sandstone,  green,  micaceous,  Uniontown . . . . 

40 

200 

90' 

Concealed  and  sandstone,  forming  steep  bluff 

70 

270 

Concealed  

15 

285 

Sandstone,  shaly  and  broken,  Arnoldsburg . . 

20 

305 

105' 

Concealed  

35 

340 

Shale,  red  and  sandy 

15 

355 

Concealed  

142 

497 

Coal,  opening,  Pittsburgh  (Elev.=1075'B-A. 

T-) v 

8 

505 

200' 

TEN  MILE  DISTRICT.— Ten  Mile 

district 

lies 

imme- 

diately  south  of  Sardis  district,  and  is  bounded  on  the  west 
by  Doddridge  county.  The  following  detailed  section  of  the 
rock  column  is  exhibited  by  the  log  of  the  Robinson  No.  1 
well  (459),  published  on  pages  317-318  of  Vol.  1(A)  of  the 
State  Survey  reports.  The  well  is  located  one-half  mile  due 
south  of  the  town  of  Bristol : 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


95 


Section  Two  Miles  East  of  Salem,  Sardis  District. 


(Robinson  No.  1 Well  Log  (459)  ) 


Upper  Carboniferous  (1798') 

Dunkard  Series  (312') 

Conductor  

Thickness. 

Feet. 

Total 

Feet. 

10 

Red  slate 

90 

100 

Fire  clay 

4 

104 

Soapstone  

121 

Red  shale 

18 

139 

Red  sand 

2 

141 

Red  shale 

3 

144 

Black  shale 

6 

150 

Washington  Coal 

2 

152 

152' 

Black  shale 

8 

160 

Blue  shale 

32 

192 

White  sand,  (Mannington) 

31 

223 

Blue  shale 

7 

230 

Dark  shale 

7 

237 

Coal,  Waynesburg  “A” 

2 

239 

87' 

Shale,  red 

11 

250 

White  sand 

12 

262 

Red  rock 

282 

Blue  shale 

30 

312 

73' 

Monongahela  Series  (414') 

White  sand,  (Gilboy) 

337 

Red  shale 

30 

367 

Blue  shale 

54 

421 

Black  shale 

10 

431 

Coal,  Uniontown 

2 

433 

121' 

Blue  shale 

23 

456 

Red  shale 

466 

Variegated  shale 

70 

536 

Lime,  (Benwood) 

571 

Blue  shale 

30 

601 

Sand,  (Sewickley) 

626 

193' 

Brown  shale 

68 

694 

Coal  (Redstone) 

3 

697 

Blue  shale 

19 

716 

Pittsburgh  coal,  top  at  720'.  . . . 

6 

726 

100’ 

Conemaugh  Series  (543') 

Blue  shale 

830 

Gray  sand,  (Connellsville) . . . . 

15 

845 

119' 

Red  shale 

43 

888 

Blue  shale 

46 

934 

Red  rock,  (Pittsburgh) 

50 

984 

139' 

Blue  shale 

85 

1069 

White  sand,  Dunkard?,  (Saltsburg) . . . 

30 

1099 

Black  shale 

1134 

Blue  shale 

135 

1269 

285' 

Allegheny  Series  (279') 

Lime,  (Upper  Freeport) 

22 

1291 

Black  slate 

77 

1368 

Dark  sand,  (Lower  Freeport).. 

80 

1448 

179' 

Blue  slate 

40 

1488 

Black  slate 

1548 

100' 

96 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


Thickness.  Total. 


Pottsville  Series  (250') 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Salt  sand,  brown  (Second  Cow  Run) 

, ...  115 

1663 

Blue  slate 

1698 

Black  slate 

1758 

Lime  

1798 

250' 

Lower  Carboniferous  ( 70 /) 

Mauch  Chunk  (106') 

Slate  

7 

1805 

Lime 

23 

1828 

Red  rock 

1868 

Lime  

1883 

Gray  sand 

.. . 17 

1900 

Pencil  cave 

1904 

106' 

Greenbrier  Limestone  (132') 

Little  Lime  and  Big  Lime  (unrecorded) . . 

...  132 

2036 

132 

Pocono  Sandstones  (469') 

Big  Injun,  top,  2036' 

...  174 

2200 

Blue  slate 

2270 

Sandy  slate 

. . . 70 

2340 

Slate  and  shells 

. . . 50 

2390 

Blue  slate 

. . . 90 

2480 

Brown  sand  (Berea  Grit) 

. . . 25 

2505 

469' 

Devonian  ( 641 ') 

Catskill  Sandstones  (641') 

White  slate 

. . . 83 

2588 

White  sand,  Gantz 

2603 

Blue  slate 

2612 

White  sand 

2618 

White  slate 

. . . 32 

2650 

Blue  slate 

2670 

Hard  sand  (Fifty-foot) 

. . . 25 

2695 

Sand  and  shale 

. . . 40 

2735 

Gray  sand  (“Thirty-foot”) 

. . . 15 

2750 

Red  sand 

2775 

270' 

Slate  

. ..  13 

2778 

Gordon  sand  (top,  2808') 

. . . 35 

2823 

Blue  shale 

...  69 

2892 

White  sand  (Fourth) 

2898 

Blue  shale 

...  104 

3002 

Dark  sand  and  shale  (Fifth  sand) 

5 

3007 

Shale  

. ..  25 

3032 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 

. ..  114 

3146 

371' 

“Some  of  the  measurements  as  noted  in 

the  record 

do  not 

corre- 

spond  with  the  footings  as  added  up  in  detail,  but  the  discrepancy  is 
slight  and  probably  due  to  measurements  with  steel  line  at  important 
horizons.  The  ‘Little  Lime’  which  belongs  just  under  the  Maxton 
sand,  and  also  the  ‘Big  Lime’  which  comes  on  top  of  the  Big  Injun 
sand,  a total  thickness  of  132  feet  of  measures,  have  by  inadvertancy 
been  dropped  from  the  driller’s  ‘log,’  b*ut  the  omission  is  corrected  by 
his  noting  the  depth  to  the  top  of  the  Big  Injun  sand.” 

The  top  of  the  hole  has  an  elevation  of  1195  feet  above 
tide  (aneroid  measurement),  while  the  cropping  rocks  of  the 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


97 


Dunkard  series  reach  up  to  an  elevation  of  1425  feet  above 
tide  in  the  summit  of  a high  knob  northeast  from  the  well ; 
hence,  to  get  the  true  thickness  of  the  latter  group  of  rocks, 
230  feet  will  have  to  be  added  to  the  Dunkard  series  pene- 
trated by  the  well  boring,  giving  a total  thickness  of  542  feet. 

The  writer  has  inserted  in  parentheses  correlations  and 
changes  in  the  log  as  originally  published.  The  section  is 
quite  interesting  in  that  two  coals  in  the  Dunkard  and  three 
in  the  Monongahela  series  are  recorded,  only  one  of  which  is 
probably  of  minable  thickness ; viz.,  the  Pittsburgh  bed. 

The  following  section  was  obtained  in  the  southern  edge 
of  Ten  Mile  district  by  combining  the  log  of  the  Genius 
Payne4  No.  2 well  (475)  and  Genius  Payne  No.  3 well,  pub- 
lished on  pages  253-254  of  Vol.  I of  the  State  Survey  reports, 
with  an  aneroid  section  measured  by  the  writer  southeast 
along  the  hill  road  leading  down  Shaw  run  to  the  Payne  No. 
2 well.  The  latter  is  located  one  mile  northwest  from  Dewey- 
town : 

Deweytown  Section,  Ten  Mile  District. 


Upper  Carboniferous  ( 2002 ')  Thickness.  Total 


Dunkard  Series  (415') 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Concealed  from  summit  of  knob  to  road, 
low  gap 

100 

100 

Shale,  red,  with  thin  sandstones 

25 

125 

Sandstone,  shaly,  Upper  Marietta 

44 

169 

Fire  clay  (Washington  “A”  coal  horizon)... 

1 

170 

170' 

Concealed  

20 

190 

Shale,  red  (Creston) 

45 

235 

Sandstone,  coarse,  brown  and  friable,  Lower 
Marietta  

25 

260 

Shale  and  concealed 

22 

282 

Coal,  Washington 

3 

285 

115' 

Concealed  to  top  of  G.  Payne  No.  2 well 
(475)  

50 

335 

(Genius  Payne  No.  2 Log  (475)  ) 

Unrecorded  

80 

415 

130' 

Monongahela  Series  (418') 

Unrecorded  

410 

825 

(Genius  Payne  No.  3 Well  Log) 

Coal,  Pittsburgh  

8 

833 

418' 

Conemaugh  Series  (550') 

Unrecorded  

439 

1272 

Sandstone,  Dunkard?  (First  Cow  Run)  (Buf- 
falo)   

25 

1297 

4W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey,  Vol.  1 (A),  page  323;  1904. 


98 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


Thickness.  Total. 


Unrecorded  

Sandstone,  Lower  Dunkard  (Big  Dunkard) 

(Mahoning)  

Unrecorded  

Allegheny  Series  (260') 

Unrecorded  

Pottsville  Series  (359') 


Lower  Carboniferous  ( 645 ') 

Mauch  Chunk  and  Greenbrier  Limestone  (160') 


Pocono  Sandstones  (485') 
Sand,  “Keener” 


22' 


Sand,  Big  Injun 


,47  j 


Devonian  ( 514 ') 

Catskill  Sandstone  (514') 


Sand  10'  ] 

Break  10  }■  Fifty-foot 

Sand  18  J 


Sand,  Gordon  Stray  (oil  and  gas  at  top) 


Sand,  Gordon,  Campbells  Run, 

Unrecorded  

Fourth  sand,  Flat  Run 

Unrecorded  

Fifth  sand,  McDonald,  dry.... 


Feet. 

Feet. 

55 

1352 

20 

1372 

11 

1383 

550' 

260 

1643 

260' 

247 

1890 

112 

2002 

359' 

103 

2105 

44 

2149 

13 

2162 

160' 

165 

2327 

195 

2522 

25 

2547 

100 

2647 

485' 

95 

2742 

38 

2780 

142 

2922 

275' 

2922 

43 

2965 

17 

2982 

45 

3027 

3027 

90 

3117 

195' 

4 

3121 

40 

3161 

44' 

In  the  above  section  about  50  feet  should  be  added  to  the 
thickness  of  the  Dunkard  series  for  the  reason  that  the  first 
ten  formations  were  measured  in  descending  order  southeast-  ' 
ward  along  the  rise  of  the  strata.  The  driller  identified  the 
formation  at  2184'-2280  feet  as  the  “Big  Lime”,  but  accord- 
ing to  I.  C.  White,  in  the  volume  referred  to  above,  pages 
254-255,  this  stratum  is  a portion  of  the  Big  Injun  sand  which 
in  this  region  has  undergone  quite  a structural  change  from 
sandstone  to  limy  beds.  In  the  section  given  for  Salem,  three 
miles  northward  from  Deweytown,  the  thickness  of  the  Big 
Injun  sand  is  recorded  as  174  feet.  These  figures  agree  closely 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


99 


with  those  given  for  the  same  sand  in  the  Deweytown 
section. 

UNION  DISTRICT. — The  following  hand-level  section 
was  measured  by  D.  B.  Reger  in  the  extreme  northern  por- 
tion of  Union  district,  Harrison  county,  from  the  summit  of 
a high  knob  on  the  Union-Ten  Mile  district  line,  located  1.5 
miles  south  15-20  degrees  west  ol  Wolf  Summit,  southeast- 
ward to  and  along  the  hill  road  leading  down  Sycamore: 


Section  1.5  Miles  South  of  Wolf  Summit,  Union  District. 


Upper  Carboniferous  ( 450 ')  Thickness. 

Dunkard  Series  (76')  Feet. 

Sandstone,  brown,  shaly,  micaceous,  Man- 

nington,  capping  knob 15 

Concealed  11 

Shale,  brown  and  red 17 

Shale,  brown 16 

Sandstone,  brown,  flaggy,! micaceous,  Waynes- 

burg 17 

Monongahela  Series  (348') 

Shale,  brown 27 

Sandstone,  brown,  micaceous,  Gilboy  and 

Uniontown 66 

Concealed  23 

Shale,  red 5 

Shale,  brown 16 


Total. 

Feet. 

15 

26 

43 

59 

76 

103 

169 

192 

197 

213 


Limestone  3'] 

Shale,  variegated.  4 j 

Limestone  4 j 

Shale,  limy 6 | 

Limestone  10  (Uniontown  and  Ben- 

Concealed  11  [ wood  Limestones.. 

Limestone  5 | 

Shale,  brown 3 j 

Shale,  brown 4 j 

Limestone,  white.  10  J 

Concealed  

Shale,  limy  and  green 

Concealed  

Sandstone,  and  shale,  brown 

Shale,  yellow  and  brecciated 

Shale,  brown 

Sandstone,  brown,  flaggy,  fine  micaceous, 

Sewickley 

Shale,  brown 


60 


8 

1 

8 

11 

4 

18 

14 

13.8 


273 


281 

282 

290 

301 

•305 

323 

337 

350.8 


Shale,  bituminous  (2"),  (Sewickley  coal  hori- 


zon)  0.2 

Concealed  20 

Sandstone,  shaly 5 

Concealed  and  brown  shale 12 


351 

371 

376 

388 


76' 

93' 


182' 


JOO 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Shale,  dark \ . . . . 5 393 

Coal,  Redstone 1 394 

Concealed  22  416 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 8 424  73' 

Conemaugh  Series  (26') 

Shale,  limy 3 427 

Shale,  brown 5 432 

Concealed  11  443 

Sandstone,  coarse  grained,  Lower  Pittsburgh  7 450 

Coal,  streak,  Little  Pittsburgh  (Base=1115' 

B-A.  T.) 450  26' 


The  section  was  measured  in  descending  order  southeast- 
ward along  the  rise  of  the  strata  for  a distance  of  three- 
fourths  mile.  The  pitch  of  the  rocks  at  this  particular  point 
is  about  100  feet  to  the  mile;  hence,  at  least  75  feet  will  have 
to  be  added  to  the  total  of  the  section  to  get  the  true  height 
of  the  rock  column.  It  follows  that  the  intervals  represented 
are  shorter  than  they  should  be,  especially  the  thickness  of 
the  Monongahela  series,  which  should  slightly  exceed  400 
feet  in  this  region. 

The  following  section  was  obtained  along  the  south- 
eastern border  of  Union  district  in  the  region  of  West  Mil- 
ford by  combining  the  log  of  the  G.  W.  Wolf  No.  1 well 
(487),  published  on  page  335  of  Vol.  I (A)  of  the-  State  Survey 
reports,  with  an  aneroid  section  measured  from  the  summit 
of  a high  knob  one-half  mile  north  of  the  town.  The  Pitts- 
burgh coal  bed  crops  in  the  hills  about  140  feet  above  the  well 
mouth ; hence,  the  coal  412  feet  from  the  top  and  72  feet  in 
depth  in  the  original  well  record,  correlates  with  the  Elk 
Lick  and  not  with  the  Pittsburgh  bed : 


Section  One-half  Mile  North  of  West  Milford,  Union  District. 


Upper  Carboniferous  ( 1440 ') 
Monongahela  Series  (200') 

Thickness. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Concealed  from  top  of  high  knob 

192 

192 

Coal,  (Pittsburgh) 

8 

200 

200' 

Conemaugh  Series  (590') 

Concealed  to  top  of  Wolf  well  (487) . . 

140 

340 

G.  W,  Wolf  No  1 Well  Log  (487) 

Unrecorded  

412 

Coal,  Pittsburgh?  (Elk  Lick) 

3 

415 

Unrecorded  

89 

504 

Coal,  (Harlem) 

6 

510 

310' 

Red  rock  (Pittsburgh)  and  white  sandstone.  30 

540 

Lime  and  white  slate 

640 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


101 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 

Sandstone,  white  (First  Cow  Run)  (Buffalo).  60  700 


Slate  40  740 

Sandstone,  (Big  Dunkard)  (Mahoning) 50  790 

Allegheny  Series  (250') 

Red  lime 50  840 

Slate  100  940 

Lime  75  1015 

Coal,  (Clarion) * 3 1018 

Lime  22  1040 

Pottsville  Series  (400') 

Slate  125  1165 

Sandstone,  white  (water  at  880')  (Salt) 75  1240 

Slate,  black 50  1290 

Sandstone,  dark 50  1340 

Sandstone  100  1440 

Lower  Carboniferous  ( 700 ') 

Mauch  Chunk  (200') 

Red  rock 100  1540 

Sandstone,  white  (Maxton) 100  1640 

Greenbrier  Limestone  and  Pocono  Sandstones 
(500') 

Lime  and  sand  (Big  Lime  and  Big  Injun 

sand)  200  1840 

Slate  100  1940 

Shells,  black 200  2140 

Devonian  ( 630 ') 

Catskill  Sandstones  (630') 

"Sand,  Gas”?  (Gantz) 30  2170 

Sand,  white  (gas),  (Fifty-foot) 70  2240 

Shells  100  2340 

Sand,  (Gordon  Stray) 25  2365 

Red  rock 75  2440 

Sand,  (Fourth) 69  2509 

Slate  131  2640 

Sand,  show,  Gordon?  (Fifth) 2640 

Slate  100  2740 

Unrecorded  60  2800 

Sand,  Fifth?  (Bayard? 2800 


190' 

90' 


250' 


400' 

200' 


500' 


660' 


In  the  above  section  the  identifications  in  parentheses  are 


by  the  writer.  The  Pottsville  and  Mauch  Chunk  measures 
have  begun  to  thicken  up  quite  rapidly  southeastward.  The 
Dunkard  series  has  been  entirely  eroded  and  misses  the  tops 


of  the  highest  hills  in  the  region  of  West  Milford. 

The  following  section  was  obtained  in  the  southwest 


corner  of  Union  district  by  combining  an  aneroid  section 
measured  by  the  writer  northeast  along  the  hill  road,  1 mile 
north  about  80  degrees  east  of  Benson,  with  the  log  of  the 
J.  M.  Hall  No.  1 well  (522)  near  by.  The  record  of  the  latter 
is  published  on  page  331  of  Vol.  1(A)  of  the  State  Survey 


102 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


reports.  The  Washington  coal  is  flush  with  the  well  mouth, 
and  the  Pittsburgh  bed  is  recorded  at  a depth  of  605  feet: 

Section  One  Mile  Eastward  from  Benson,  Union  District. 

Upper  Carboniferous  ( 1820 ')  Thickness.  Total. 

Dunkard  Series  (125')  Feet.  Feet. 

Coal,  Washington,  summit  of  hill  road 2 2 

Fire  clay  shale,  Washington 13  15 

Sandstone,  massive,  Mannington 45  60 

Concealed  9 69 

Fireclay  (Waynesburg  “A”  coal  horizon)...  1 70  70' 

Concealed  55  125 

Coal  blossom,  Waynesburg 125  55' 

Monongahela  Series  (485') 

Concealed  25  150 

Sandstone,  broken,  Gilboy 10  160 

Shale,  red 10  170 

Sandstone,  massive,  buff,  coarse,  Uniontown.  10  180 

Shale  and  concealed 65  245 

Coal,  Uniontown 1 246  121' 

Fire  clay  and  shale,  red 9 255 

Sandstone,  nodular,  limy 6 261 

Shale,  sandy  and  red 9 270 

Concealed  to  Right  fork  of  Kincheloe  creek.  35  305  59' 

(J.  M.  Hall  No.  1 Well  Log  (522)  ) 

Interval  300  605 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 5 610  305' 

Conemaugh  Series  (580') 

Unrecorded  530  1140 

Sandstone,  Dunkard  (Big  Dunkard)  (Mahon- 
ing)   50  1190  580' 

Allegheny  Series  (220') 

Unrecorded  115  1305 

Gas  sand 4 1309 

Unrecorded  101  1410  220' 

Pottsville  Series  (410') 

Sandstone,  Salt?  (Second  Cow  Run  and  Salt)  360  1770 

Unrecorded  50  1820  410' 

Lower  Carboniferous  (725) 

Mauch  Chunk  Series  (220') 

Red  rock 150  1970 

Unrecorded  70  2040  220' 

Greenbrier  Limestone  (55') 

Big  Lime  55  2095  55r 

Pocono  Sandstones  (450') 

Sand,  Big  Injun 125  2220 

Unrecorded  175  2395 

Sandstone  10  2405 

Unrecorded  140  2545  450' 

Devonian  ( 37 /) 

Catskill  Sandstones  (377') 

Unrecorded 95  2640 

Sand,  Stray?  (gas,  2670')  (Gantz) 50  2690 

Unrecorded  10  2700 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  103 

Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 


Sand,  Gordon?  (gas  2715')  (Fifty-foot) 40  2740 

Unrecorded 104  2904 

Sand,  Fifth  (oil),  (Gordon) 4 2908 

Unrecorded  14  2922  377' 

(“Small  oil  well.”) 


The  section  shows  quite  an  expansion  of  the  Monon- 
gahela  series.  It  is  barely  possible  that  the  coal  blossom  at 
125  feet  from  the  top  may  represent  only  a local  streak  of  coal 
and  not  the  Waynesburg  bed.  The  Washington  coal  is  how- 
ever correctly  identified,  and  three  miles  northward  at  Big 
Isaac  the  Washington-Waynesburg  coal  interval  is  only  125 
to  130  feet.  In  the  Catskill  group,  the  two  gas  bearing  sands 
appear  to  lie  too  close  the  Big  Injun  sand,  as  compared  with 
the  section  above  for  West  Milford,  to  correlate  with  the 
Stray  and  Gordon.  They  come  about  the  right  place  in  the 
rock  column  for  the  Gantz  and  Fifty-foot,  respectively.  The 
much  increased  interval  of  the  Catskill  group  below  the 
Pittsburgh  coal  is  due  in  a large  measure  to  the  rapid  in- 
crease in  thickness  of  the  Mauch  Chunk  and  Pottsville  meas- 
ures to  the  southeast  across  Harrison  county. 

The  following  section  was  obtained  in  the  southeast 
portion  of  Union  district  by  combining  the  log  of  the  Jacob 
McConkey5  No.  1 well  (498),  located  one  mile  west  of  the 
town  of  Goodhope,  with  a hand-level  section  measured  by 
D.  B.  Reger  in  descending  order  along  the  south  hill  side  at 
the  well : 

Section  One  Mile  West  From  Goodhope,  Union  District. 

Upper  and  Lower  Carboniferous  ( 2149 ')  Thickness.  Total. 


Monongahela  Series  (269')  Feet.  Feet. 

Concealed  from  top  of  knob  (estimated) . . . 150  150 

Sandstone,  Sewickley 30  180  180' 

Concealed,  sandstone  and  shale 40  220 

Concealed  16  236 

Coal,  Redstone  (thickness  concealed) • 236 

Concealed  33  269 

Coal,  Pittsburgh  (thickness  concealed) 269  89' 

Conemaugh  Series  (591') 

Shale  and  concealed 80  349 

Sandstone,  shaly  and  concealed  (Connells- 

ville) 30  379 


5 Yol.  1 (A),  page  334,  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey;  1904. 


104 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Coal,  Little  Clarksburg  (thickness  con- 
cealed)   379  110' 

Limestone,  Clarksburg 2 381 

Concealed  to  McConkey  well  (498) 14  395  16' 

(Jacob  McConkey  No.  1 Well  Log  (498)  ) 

Unrecorded  243  638 

Slate,  lime  and  coal  (Bakerstown) 6 644  249' 

Unrecorded  51  695 

Sandstone,  Dunkard?  (First  Cow  Run  (Buf- 
falo)   80  775 

Unrecorded  85  860  '216 

Allegheny,  Pottsville  and  Mauch  Chunk  (830') 

Unrecorded  700  1560 

Sand,  Maxton  (water,  1170') 115  1675 

Unrecorded  15  1690  830' 

Greenbrier  Limestone  (37') 

Big  Lime 37  1727  37' 

Pocono  Sandstones  (422') 

Sand,  Big  Injun 43  1770 

Unrecorded  379  2149  422' 

Devonian  ( 406 ') 

Catskill  Sandstone  (406') 

Sand,  Fifty-foot?  (Gantz) 46  2195 

Unrecorded  36  2231 

Sand,  Stray?  (light  gas)  (Fifty-foot) 2231 

Unrecorded  29  2260 

Sand,  Gordon?  (30-foot) 10  2270 

Unrecorded  113  2383 

Sand,  Fourth 42  2425 

Unrecorded  130  2555 

Sand,  Fifth  (very  heavy  gas  at  top)  to  bot- 
tom of  hole 2555  406' 


“Rock  pressure,  985  pounds;  open  gate  capacity,  26,000,000  cubic 

feet. 

“Casing,  10",  197  feet;  8%",  924  feet;  6%",  1401  feet." 

EAGLE  DISTRICT. — The  following  section  was  ob- 
tained in  the  northern  portion  of  Eagle  district  by  combining 
the  log  of  the  J.  B.  Cunningham  No.  1 well  (363),  located  on 
Cunningham  run,  one  mile  and  a quarter  northwest  of  Peora, 
with  a section  measured  southwestward  from  the  summit  of 
a high  hill  to  the  well.  The  well  was  drilled  by  the  Fairmont 
and  Grafton  Gas  Company  about  20  years  ago.  T.  B.  Peddi- 
cord,  Foreman,  is  authority  for  log  and  data. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


105 


Section  One  Mile  Southwest  of  Wyatt,  Eagle  District. 

Upper  Carboniferous  ( 1610 ')  Thickness.  Total. 

Dunkard  and  Monongahela  Series  (440')  Feet.  Feet. 

Concealed  from  top  of  high  hill 432  432 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 8 440  440' 

Conemaugh  Series  (570') 

Concealed  to  Cunningham  well  (363) 10  450 

(J.  B.  Cunningham  No.  1 Well  Log  (363)  ) 

Slate  and  lime 140  590 

Slate  60  650 

Red  rock 100  750 

Slate  40  790 

Sandstone,  gray,  (saltwater)  (Saltsburg) . . . 50  840  400' 

Slate  32  872 

Sandstone  (Buffalo  and  Mahoning) 130  1002 

Slate  8 1010  170' 

Allegheny  Series  (240') 

Slate  128  1138 

Sandstone,  white  (Gas  sand)  (Lower  Free- 
port)   78  1216 

Coal,  Lower  Kittanning 8 1224  214' 

Slate  26  1250  26' 

Pottsville  (360') 

Sandstone,  (Second  Cow  Run)  (Homewood).  35  1285 

Slate  40  1325 

Sand,  Salt  (Connoquenessing) 191  1516 

Slate  4 1520 

Sandstone  20  1540 

Slate  32  1572 

Sandstone  38  1610  360' 

Lower  Carboniferous  ( 6g6 ') 

Mauch  Chunk  Series  (93') 

Red  rock 85  1695 

Slate,  white 8 1703  93' 

Greenbrier  Limestone  (112') 

Big  Lime 112  1815  112' 

Pocono  Sandstones  (491') 

Keener  sand 65  1880 

Slate  37  1917 

Sand,  “Mannington  oil  sand”,  Big  Injun....  22  1939 

Slate  359  2298 

Sand,  Berea 8 2306  491' 

Devonian  (5<?o') 

Catskill  Sandstones  (520') 

Slate  44  2350 

Sand,  Gantz 18  2368 

Slate  2 2370 

Sand,  hard,  Fifty-foot 48  2418 

Slate  20  2438 

Sandstone  12  2450 

Sandstone,  black,  and  slate 35  2485 

Red  rock 23  2508 

Sand,  white,  gas  (Thirty-foot) 32  2540 

Red  rock 70  2610  304' 

Sand,  gray  (Gordon  Stray) 13  2623 

Slate  16  2639 


io6 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


Thickness.  Total. 


Feet. 

Feet. 

Sand,  Gordon,  big  gas  

2650 

Slate  

2665 

Sand,  gray  (Fourth) 

13 

2678 

Slate  to  bottom  of  hole 

148 

2826 

“July  6,  1904,  making  300,000  cu.  ft.  gas  from  Gordon  sand  with 
450  pounds  rock  pressure.” 

The  following  section  was  obtained  along  the  eastern 
boundary  of  Eagle  district  at  Lumberport  by  combining  a 
section  measured  from  the  top  of  a high  knob  southeast  from 
the  town  with  the  log  of  the  Caroline  Mathews  No.  1 well 
(588).  Authority  for  well  log,  Horner  Gas  Supply  Company: 

Section  at  Lumberport,  Eagle  District. 


Carboniferous,  Upper  and  Lower  ( 2413 ) Thickness.  Total. 

Dunkard  and  Monongahela  Series  (540')  Feet.  Feet. 

Concealed  with  limestone,  sandstone,  etc...  532  532 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 8 540  540' 

Conemaugh  Series  (543') 

Interval  (spirit  level  measurement)  to  Ma- 
thews well 63  603 

Caroline  Mathews  No.  1 Well  Log  (588) 

Unrecorded  360  963 

Sandstone,  Little  Dunkard  (First  Cow  Run) 

(Buffalo) 20  983 

Unrecorded  40  1023 

Sandstone,  Big  Dunkard  (Mahoning) 60  1083  543' 

Allegheny  Series  (215') 

Unrecorded  160  1243 

Gas  sand  (Lower  Freeport) 45  1288 

Unrecorded  10  1298  215' 

Pottsville  and  Mauch  Chunk  (585') 

Sand,  First  Salt?  (Second  Cow  Run  and 

Salt)  and  unrecorded 305  1603 

Sand,  Second  Salt  and  unrecorded 245  1848 

Little  Lime 20  1868 

Pencil  cave 15  1883  585' 

Greenbrier  Limestone  (68') 

Big  Lime 68  1951  68' 

Pocono  Sandstones  (452') 

Sand,  Big  Injun  (gas,  1354'-1375') 112  2063 

Unrecorded  340  2403  452' 

Devonian  ( 558 ') 

Catskill  Sandstones  (558') 

Unrecorded  90  2493 

Sand,  Fifty-foot 80  2573 

Unrecorded  5 2578 

Sand,  Thirty-foot 50  2628 

Unrecorded  115  2743  340' 

Sand,  Gordon  Stray 20  2763 

Unrecorded  10  2773 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


107 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Sand,  Gordon  (gas,  500,000  cu.  ft.  at  2185'; 

oil,  Y2  bailer  over-night  at  2190') 30  2803 

Unrecorded  130  2933 

Sand,  Fifth  (gas,  steel  line,  2332^'  and  2337'- 
2358') 28  2961  218' 


“10"  casing,  152';  8*4"  casing,  913';  6%"  casing,  1400'.  Gas,  26 
tenths  water  in  6%"  casing,  equivalent  to  a volume  of  2,260,000  cu.  ft. 
daily.” 

In  the  above  section  the  thickness  of  the  first  formation 
is  estimated  from  the  topographic  contours  of  the  U.  S.  G. 
Survey.  The  formation  at  1603'-1848'  evidently  includes  much 
the  larger  portion  of  the  Mauch  Chunk  red  shales,  and  for 
that  reason  it  was  not  possible  to  separate  the  Upper  and 
Lower  Carboniferous. 

Owing  to  the  lack  of  details  in  the  several  oil  and  gas 
well  records,  it  is  not  always  possible  to  correlate  accurately 
the  upper  sands  of  the  Catskill  measures;  viz.,  Gantz,  Fifty- 
foot,  Thirty-foot  and  Gordon  Stray. 

CLAY  DISTRICT. — Clay  district  lies  in  the  northeast 
corner  of  Harrison  county,  and  most  of  its  area  lies  east  of 
the  West  Fork  river.  The  following  section  was  obtained 
east  of  the  central  portion  of  Clay  by  combining  the  log  of 
the  W.  M.  Gray  No.  1 well  (625),  located  1.3  miles  southeast 
from  the  town  of  Adamsville  and  drilled  by  the  Run  Smooth 
Oil  and  Gas  Company,  with  a section  from  the  summit  of  a 
high  knob  northeast  of  the  well.  W.  A.  Chambers  is  author- 
ity for  the  record  of  the  well ; 

Section  1.3  Miles  Southeast  of  Adamsville,  Clay  District. 


Upper  Carboniferous  ( 1455 ')  Thickness.  Total. 

Monongahela  Series  (382')  Feet.  Feet. 

Concealed  from  top  of  high  knob 140  140 

(W.  M.  Gray  No.  1 Well  Record  (625)  ) 

Conductor  (13  inch)  (surface  debris) 12  152 

Unrecprded  78  230 

Coal,  “Native”  (Sewickley?) 2 232 

Unrecorded  143  375 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 7 382  382' 

Conemaugh  Series  (593') 

Unrecorded  198  580 

Sandstone,  “Whitehill”?  (Murphy)  (Morgan- 
town)   70  650  268' 

Unrecorded  125  775 

Sandstone,  Little  Dunkard?  (a  little  gas  and 
oil)  (Saltsburg) 


50 


825 


ioS 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


Thickness.  Feet. 


Unrecorded  

Sandstone,  Big  Dunkard  (Mahoning) 

Allegheny  Series  (181') 

Unrecorded  

Sand,  “First  Gas”?  (Burning  Springs) 


Coal,  Upper  Kittanning 

Sand,  “Second  Gas”.12'  ] 

Unrecorded  15  | , 

Sand,  “Third  Gas”,  V ,(?as  san_d)  .. 
gas  and  water,  2'  | (Lower  FreePort>  ’ 
in  20  J 

Unrecorded  

Pottsville  Series  (299') 

Sand,  Salt?  (water,  1158')  (Second  Cow  Run) 
(Homewood  and  Upper  Connoqueness- 

ing)  

Coal,  (Lower  Mercer?) 


Lower  Carboniferous  ( 716 ') 

Maucii  Chunk  (350') 

Red  rock 

Unrecorded  

Little  Lime 

Unrecorded  

Sand.  Maxton 

Pencil  cave 

Greenbrier  Limestone  (66') 

Big  Lime 

Pocono  Sandstones  (400') 
Sand,  Big  Injun,  (gas,  1743' 

Unrecorded  

Sand,  Berea  Grit?  (Squaw). 


Devonian  (179') 

Catskill  Sandstones  (179') 


Sand,  Fifty-foot  (gas,  2250',  2260'  and  2266'; 


‘10”  casing,  280';  8U"  casing,  1271'; 


Feet. 

Feet. 

90 

915 

60 

975 

325' 

30 

1005 

15 

1020 

49 

1069 

7 

1076 

10U 

. 47 

1123 

33 

1156 

80' 

154 

1310 

2 

1312 

113 

1425 

30 

1455 

299' 

300 

1755 

10 

1765 

22 

1787 

3 

1790 

13 

1803 

2 

1805 

350' 

66 

1871 

66' 

126 

1997 

141 

2138 

10 

2148 

123 

2271 

400' 

104 

2375 

75 

2450 

casing, 

1696'. 

Com- 

,000,000 

cu.  ft. 

of  gas 

daily.” 


The  Dunkard  .series  evidently  barely  misses  the  top  of 
the  high  knob,  since  the  thickness  of  the  Monongahela  series 
in  this  region  should  not  much  exceed  425  feet.  The  Alle- 
gheny measures  have  thinned  down  to  only  181  feet.  This 
feature  is  quite  common  to  the  latter  group  of  rocks  in  east- 
ern Marion  and  Taylor  counties. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


109 


The  following  section  was  obtained  in  the  extreme  north- 
eastern corner  of  Harrison  county  from  the  log  of  the  R.  L. 
Reed  No.  1 well6  (633),  located  one-fourth  mile  southwest 
of  Boothsville.  The  well  mouth  is  almost  flush  with  the  crop 
of  the  Elk  Lick  limestone,  and  just  in  the  edge  of  Taylor 
county : 

Section  Near  Boothsville,  Northeast  Corner 
Harrison  County. 

(R.  L.  Reed  No.  1 Well  Log  (633)) 

Upper  and  Lower  Carboniferous  ( 1680 ')  Thickness.  Total. 

Conemaugh  Series  (330') 


Sandstone,  (Grafton).. 

Red  rock,  (Pittsburgh)  and  lime 

Sandstone,  (First  Cow  Run)  (Buffalo).... 

Black  slate 

Allegheny  Series  (220') 

Sandstone,  (Burning  Springs) 

Slate  

Coal,  (Upper  Kittanning) 


Pottsville  Series  and  Mauch  Chunk  (580') 
Sandstone,  (Second  Cow  Run)  (Homewood) 


Sand,  (Salt)  (Valley  Falls)  (Upper  Conno- 
quenessing)  


Lime,  Big 

Sand,  red 1 . . 

Sand \ B|3  lnJun 

Slate  


Devonian  (720' ) 

Catskill  Sandstones  (720') 
Slate  


Sand  (Thirty-foot) . . . 

Slate  and  shells 

Red  rock  and  shells. 


Sand,  red,  Fifth. 

Slate,  black 

Slate  2nd  shells. 


Feet. 

Feet. 

25 

25 

50 

75 

75' 

125 

200 

50 

250 

80 

330 

255' 

70 

400 

35 

435 

5 

440 

110' 

110 

550 

110' 

60 

610 

20 

630 

20 

650 

25 

675 

75 

750 

200' 

225 

975 

155 

1130 

CO 

OO 

O 

(400') 

150 

1280 

133 

1413 

5 

1418 

12 

1430 

10 

1440 

240 

1680 

550' 

100 

1780 

45 

1825 

20 

1845 

30 

1875 

60 

1935 

255' 

125 

2060 

102 

2162 

23 

2185 

250' 

12 

2197 

23 

2220 

6.  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey,  Vol.  I (A.),  pp.  338-339;  1904. 


no 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


Thickness. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Slate  

90 

2310 

Slate  and  shells 

20 

2330 

Slate  to  bottom  of  hole 

70 

2400 

215' 

The  elevation  of  the  well  mouth  is  954  feet  above  tide, 
spirit  level  measurement,  and  the  elevation  of  a summit  on 
the  strike  of  the  strata  to  the  south  west  is  about  1220  feet ; 
hence,  about  265  feet  of  the  Conemaugh  series  crops  above 
the  well,  and  the  thickness  of  the  latter  series  as  given  in  the 
above  section  should  be  increased  to  590  to  600  feet.  Changes 
in  identifications  from  the  log  as  originally  published  are 
given  in  parentheses. 

COAL  DISTRICT. — The  following  section  was  obtained 
in  the  northwestern  edge  of  Coal  district  by  combining  the 
log  of  the  S.  E.  Hamrick  No.  1145  well  (657),  located  3.5 
miles  northwest  from  Clarksburg  on  the  head  of  Crooked 
run  and  drilled  by  the  Hope  Natural  Gas  Company,  with  a 
section  from  the  summit  of  a high  knob  two-fifths  mile  north 
of  the  well : 


Section  3.2  Miles  Northeast  of  Wilsonburg,  Coal  District. 


Upper  Carboniferous  (1554')  Thickness.  Total. 

Monongahela  Series  (400')  Feet.  Feet. 

Concealed  from  top  of  high  knob 390  390 

(S.  E.  Hamrick  No.  1 Well  Log  (657)  ) 

Unrecorded  5 395 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 5 400  400' 

Conemaugh  Series  (587') 

Unrecorded  407  807 

Sandstone,  Little  Dunkard  (First  Cow  Run) 

(Buffalo)  20  827  427' 

Unrecorded  160  987  160 

Allegheny  Series  (258') 

Unrecorded  28  1015 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (Burning  Springs) 

(Upper  Freeport) 23  1038 

Unrecorded  17  1055 

Gas  sand  (Lower  Freeport) 35  1090  103' 

Unrecorded  55  1145 

Sand,  First  Salt?  (water,  810')  (Clarion)...  65  1210 

Unrecorded  35  1245  155' 

Pottsville  Series  (309') 

Sand,  Salt?  (Second  Cow  Run)  (Homewood)  45  1290 

Unrecorded  4 1294 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


Ill 


Thickness. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Sand,  (Salt)  (Upper  Connoquenessing) 

106 

1400 

Unrecorded  

1554 

Lower  Carboniferous  ( 701 ') 

Mauch  Chunk  (200') 

Unrecorded  

81 

1635 

Sand,  Maxton 

....  70 

1705 

Red  rock 

1712 

Unrecorded  

8 

1720 

Little  Lime 

. . . . 18 

1738 

Pencil  nave 

16 

1754 

Greenbrier  Limestone  (55') 

Big  Lime 

Pocono  Sandstones  (446') 

....  55 

1809 

Sand,  Big  Injun 

111 

1920 

Unrecorded.  

....  30 

1950 

Sand,  Squaw 

....  30 

1980 

Unrecorded  

....  260 

2240 

Sand,  Gantz  (Berea  Grit) 

....  15 

2255 

Devonian  (56?) 

Catskill  Sandstones  (562') 

Unrecorded  

....  85 

2340 

Sand,  Fifty-foot 

2390 

Unrecorded  

2405 

Sand,  Thirty-foot 

. ...  52 

2457 

Unrecorded  

....  23 

2480 

Red  rock 

....  37 

2517 

Unrecorded  

Sand,  Gordon  Stray? 

8'1 

....  92 

2609 

Sand,  Gordon?  (oil,  2231').20  1 ..  . 

Unrecorded  ..  1 (Fourth) 

. . . 74 

2683 

Sand,  Fourth 

Unrecorded  

.45  j 

5 

2688 

Sand  (probably  local)... 

27 

2715 

Slate,  white 

....  51 

2766 

Sand,  Fifth  (gas,  2377';  2386'  and  2398') 

....  27 

2793 

Unrecorded  to  bottom  of 

hole 

24 

2817 

309' 


200' 


55' 


446' 


354' 

74' 


134' 


The  following  section  was  obtained  in  the  northeast 
corner  of  Coal  district  on  Jack  run,  two  miles  north  of 
Clarksburg,  by  combining  the  log  of  the  Robert  W.  Coon 
No.  1 well  (665),  published  on  pages  328-329,  Vol.  1(A)  of 
the  State  Survey  reports,  with  an  aneroid  section  measured 
by  D.  B.  Reger  northeast  from  the  summit  of  a high  knob 
one  mile  southeast  from  the  well,  mostly  along  a public 
highway : 


1 12 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


Section  Two  Miles  North  of  Clarksburg,  Coal  District. 


Upper  Carboniferous  (1520') 
Monongahela  Series  (365') 


Concealed 

Sandstone 


Concealed 


Sandstone,  shaly 

Limestone,  silicious 20' 

Shale,  limy 10 

Lime,  silicious 10 

Shale  and  sandstone,  shaly.  15 

Limestone  2 

Shale,  limy 8 

Limestone  5 

Sandstone,  flaggy  (Sewickley) 

Shale,  brown 

Coal,  Sewickley 

Shale,  sandy 10 

Sandstone  

Shale,  brown 


Benwood 
Limestone . 


Shale,  brown 

Sandstone,  shaly • 5 

Concealed,  sandstone  and  shale 

Coal,  Redstone 

Shale,  limy 10 

Concealed 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 

Conemaugh  Series  (550') 

Interval  to  top  of  Robert  W.  Coon  well  (665). 
Robert  W.  Coon  No.  1 Well  Log  (665)  ) 


Coal,  (Little  Clarksburg) 


Slate  

Coal,  Elk  Lick 

Slate  61 

Lime  

Sandstone,  (Saltsburg) 

Lime  15 

Coal,  Bakerstown 

Sandstone,  Little  Dunkard  (First  Cow  Run) 
(Buffalo)  (water  and  black  oil  at  410') . . 

Slate  

Allegheny  Series  (233') 

Coal,  Upper  Freeport 

Slate  27 


mess. 

Total. 

... 

J’eet. 

Feet. 

30 

30 

30 

60 

5 

65 

23 

88 

12 

100 

100' 

5 

105 

10 

115 

15 

130 

10 

140 

5 

145 

45' 

70 

215 

25 

240 

7 

247 

3 

250 

105' 

10 

260 

5 

265 

20 

285 

0 

285 

5 

290 

5 

295 

39 

334 

1 

335 

85' 

10 

345 

12 

357 

8 

365 

CO 

0 

35 

400 

20 

420 

74 

494 

2 

496 

131' 

19 

515 

91 

606 

7 

613 

6 

619 

123' 

61 

680 

60 

740 

35 

775 

15 

790 

6 

796 

177' 

84 

880 

35 

915 

119' 

3 

918 

27 

945 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


113 


Thickness.  Total. 


Coal,  Kittanning  (Clarion) 

Sla:e  

Pottsville  Series  (372') 

Sand,  Salt?  (Second  Cow  Run)  (Homewood) 


Lime  

Sand,  Salt  (water,  870')  (Upper  Connoquen- 

essing)  

Slate  

Lime  

Sand,  Maxton?  (Sharon)... 

Lime  

Lower  Carboniferous  ( 700 ') 

Mauch  Chunk  (285') 

Slate  

Red  rock 

Slate  

Pencil  cave 

Greenbrier  Limestone  (55') 

Big  Lime 

Pocono  Sandstones  (360') 

Sand,  Big  Injun 

Slate  

Lime  shells 

Red  rock 

Lime 


Lime  

Slate  

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea  Grit) 

Devonian  ( 703 ') 

Catskill  Sandstones  (703') 

Lime  shells 

Slate  

Sand,  Fifty-foot 

Slate  

Sand,  Thirty-foot 

Red  rock 

Sand,  Gordon  Stray 

Slate  

Sand,  Gordon 

Red  rock 

Lime  shells 

Red  rock,  slate  and  shells 

Sand,  Fourth 

Slate  

Sand,  Fifth  (gas,  2360') 

Slate  and  shell 

Sand,  (Bayard)  (gas,  small,  2435';  oil,  2 

bbls.,  2462')  

Unrecorded  to  bottom  of  hole 

“Casing  record — 10"  casing,  196';  8"  casing,  940' 
1575'  ”. 


Feet. 

Feet. 

145 

1090 

20 

1110 

195' 

2 

1112 

36 

1148 

38' 

87 

1235 

12 

1247 

13 

1260 

80 

1340 

40 

1380 

35 

1415 

75 

1490 

30 

1520 

372' 

45 

1565 

195 

1760 

35 

1795 

10 

1805 

285' 

55 

1860 

55' 

110 

1970 

12 

1982 

10 

1992 

5 

1997 

53 

2050 

40 

2090 

18 

2108 

32 

2140 

70 

2210 

10 

2220 

360' 

60 

2280 

35 

2315 

55 

2370 

15 

2385 

85 

2470 

3 

2473 

37 

2510 

5 

2515 

295' 

45 

2560 

20 

2580 

30 

2610 

90 

2700 

20 

2720 

35 

2755 

240' 

15 

2770 

60 

2830 

40 

2870 

53 

2923 

168' 

casing, 


1 14  STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 

The  above  is  probably  the  most  interesting  section  yet 
given  for  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area.  The  upper  400  feet 
of  the  section  was  measured  from  crop,  and  gives  three  well- 
known  coal  beds  of  the  Monongahela  series : viz.,  Sewickley, 
Redstone  and  Pittsburgh.  The  section  lacks  30  to  50  feet 
of  reaching  up  to  the  base  of  the  Dunkard  series,  the  latter 
having  been  eroded  from  this  immediate  region.  The  well 
log  also  contains  five  well  known  coals  of  the  Conemaugh 
and  Allegheny  series ; viz.,  Little  Clarksburg,  Elk  Lick,  and 
Bakerstown  of  the  Conemaugh,  and  Upper  Freeport  and  Clar- 
ion of  the  Allegheny.  The  only  doubt  as  to  the  correlation  of 
these  different  coal  beds  exists  with  the  one  called  the  Clarion. 
Northeastward  in  Taylor  county,  the  Lower  Kittanning  coal 
crops  only  150  to  160  feet  below  the  Upper  Freeport  coal, 
and  for  that  reason  the  interval  (195  feet)  appears  too  large 
for  this  coal  at  1110  feet  from  the  top  to  come  in  the  Kittan- 
ning group  of  coals. 

The  correlation  of  the  different  sands  of  the  Catskill 
series  in  the  section  presents  quite  a problem,  since  red  rock 
occurs  at  two  different  points  at  the  horizon  of  the  Gordon 
group  of  sands.  It  is  barely  possible  that  the  sand  at  2700'- 
2720'  may  be  the  true  Gordon  Stray  as  evidenced  by  the 
overlying  reds,  and  in  that  event  the  ones  struck  at  2755'  and 
2830'  from  the  top  of  the  section  become  the  Gordon  and 
Fourth  sands  respectively.  The  Pittsburgh  coal-Gordon 
sand  interval  then  would  be  2465  feet  as  opposed  to  2087 
feet  at  Burton,  Wetzel  county.  The  increased  thickness  of 
the  intervening  Pottsville,  Mauch  Chunk  and  Pocono  beds 
in  the  Clarksburg  region  over  that  at  Burton7  would  easily 
make  up  the  difference  in  interval  between  the  two  points. 

CLARK  DISTRICT. — The  following  section  was  ob- 
tained along  the  northern  boundary  line  of  Clark  district, 
Harrison  county,  by  combining  the  log  of  the  Hattie  Porter 
No.  1 well  (670) — drilled  by  the  Peerless  Carbon  Black 
Company  and  located  on  Simpson  fork  of  Limestone  run, 
one  mile  south  of  Wilsonburg — with  an  aneroid  section, 
measured  by  the  writer  from  the  summit  of  a high  knob 
northward  to  the  well  mouth : 

7.  See  Burton  Section,  Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler  Report,  pp.  110-113, 
W.  Vi.  Geological  Survey;  1909. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


115 


Section  One  Mile  South  of  Wilsonburg, 
Clark  District. 


Upper  Carboniferous  (1205')  Thickness.  Total. 

Monongahela  Series  (75')  Feet.  Feet. 

Concealed  from  top  of  knob 35  35 

Redstone  coal  horizon 35 

Concealed  to  foot  of  steep  slope 32  67 

Coal,  Pittsburgh  (old  opening) ......  8 75 

Conemaugh  Series  (554') 

Fire  clay,  concealed,  and  shale 39  114 

Coal,  Little  Pittsburgh,  8"  to 1 115 

Shale  and  concealed 45  160 

Shale  5 165 

Sandstone,  massive,  coarse,  brown  and  peb- 
bly, (Connellsville) 30  195 

Concealed  5 200 

Coal  blossom,  Clarksburg 0 200 

Concealed  to  well  mouth  of  Porter  No.  1 

(670)  35  235 

Hattie  Porter  No.  1 Well  Log  (670)  ) 

Conductor  (surface  gravel) 10  245 

Red  rock  (Clarksburg) 20  265 

Lime  10  275 

Slate,  black 30  305 

Lime  15  320 

Lime,  red 20  340 

Slate,  white 30  370 

Lime  (10"  casing,  140') 5 375 

Slate  and  shells 10  385 

Unrecorded  60  445 

Coal,  Bakerstown 4 449 

Sandstone,  Little  Dunkard  (First  Cow  Run) 

(Buffalo)  90  539 

Slate  50  589 

Sandstone,  Big  Dunkard  (Mahoning) 40  629 

Allegheny  Series  (236') 

Sandstone  (show  of  oil  and  water),  Big 
Dunkard?  (Burning  Springs)  (Upper 

Freeport)  100  729 

Slate,  black  (8"  casing,  594') 80  809 

Slate,  black 50  859 

Coal,  (Clarion) 6 865 

Pottsville  Series  (340') 

Sand,  Salt?  (Second  Cow  Run)  (Homewood)  70  935 

Slate  50  985 

Sand,  (gas  sufficient  to  run  boiler)  Salt 

(Connoquenessing)  210  1195 

Slate,  black 10  1205 

Lower  Carboniferous  (755*) 

Mauch  Chunk  (210') 

Slate  and  shells 30  1235 

Sand,  white,  Maxton?  (gas  and  15  bailers 

water)  (Sharon) 30  1265 


75' 


125' 


249' 


180' 


236' 


340' 


ii6 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


Thickness.  Total. 


Lime,  Little? 

Slate,  black 

Red  rock 

Sand,  Keener?  (Maxton) 

Lime  (Little) 

Red  rock 

Greenbrier  Limestone  (60') 

Big  Lime  (6"  casing,  1250') 

Pocono  Sandstones  (485') 

Sand,  Big  Injun  (gas,  sufficient  for  boiler  at 

1370';  gas  at  bottom,  1400') 

Slate  and  shells 

Sand,  Squaw 

Slate  and  shells 

Sand,  Berea 

Devonian  ( 504 ') 

Catskill  Sandstones  (504') 

Slate  and  shells 

Sand,  Gantz 

Slate  

Sand,  pebbly,  Fifty-foot 

Slate  and  shells 

Sand,  Thirty-foot 

Slate,  white 

Slate  and  shells,  red 

Bastard  sand 

Slate,  white 

Brown  rock  and  shells 

Slate,  white 

Sand,  good  gas,  10 /2'  in  sand  (Gordon  Stray) 

Slate  

Sand,  (Gordon) 

Slate,  black 

Sand,  gray  (Fourth) 

Slate,  black 

Sand,  Fifth 

Slate  to  bottom 


Feet. 

Feet. 

20 

1285 

20 

1306 

18 

1323 

22 

1345 

40 

1385 

30 

1415 

210' 

60 

1475 

60' 

160 

1635 

40 

1675 

100 

1775 

150 

1925 

35 

1960 

485' 

35 

1995 

35 

2030 

20 

2050 

25 

2075 

15 

2090 

25 

2115 

18 

2133 

45 

2178 

15 

2193 

15 

2208 

40 

2248 

25 

2273 

313' 

38 

2311 

10 

2321 

2 

2323 

32 

2355 

12 

2367 

64 

2431 

20 

2451 

13 

2464 

191' 

The  section  is  quite  interesting,  in  that  complete  details 
are  given  of  the  Catskill  measures,  as  well  as  of  the  Mauch 
Chunk  and  Pottsville. 

The  following  section  was  measured  with  aneroid  from 
the  summit  of  a high  knob  by  D.  B.  Reger  northward  to 
Limestone  run  at  Adamston : 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


117 


Section  at  Adamston,  Clark  District. 


Monongahela  Series  (325') 

Thickness. 

Feet. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Shale,  brown,  capping  knob 

. . . . 25 

25 

Sandstone  

5 

30 

Concealed  

. ...  260 

290 

Coal,  Redstone  (thickness  concealed) . . . 

290 

Concealed  

27 

317 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 

8 

325 

325' 

Conemaugh  Series  (150') 

Concealed  and  limestone,  Clarksburg, 
Limestone  run 

to 

475 

150' 

The  following  section  was  obtained  2 miles  south  30 
degrees  east  from  Clarksburg  from  the  log  of  a well  (676) 
drilled  on  the  John  Cost  farm  by  the  Graselli  Chemical 
Company.  The  latter  is  authority  for  the  well  record.  The 
well  mouth  is  about  200  feet  below  the  level  of  the  horizon 
of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed : 


Section  1.5  Miles  Northwest  of  Quiet  Dell, 
Clark  District. 


Upper  Carboniferous  ( woo ') 

Conemaugh  and  Allegheny 

(550') 

Thickness. 

Feet. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Conductor  

14 

14 

Sand,  (Grafton) 

70 

Slate  

....  55 

125 

Rock  (red) 

35 

160 

Slate  

205 

Sand,  (First  Cow  Run)  (Buffalo) 

35 

240 

240' 

Slate  

110 

350 

Sand  

....  10 

360 

Slate  

450 

Sand,  (Lower  Freeport). 

475 

235' 

Slate  

10 

485 

Lime  

65 

550 

75. 

Pottsville  Series  (450') 

Sand,  (Second  Cow  Run) 

(Homewood) 

85 

635 

Lime  

37 

672 

Coal,  Upper  Mercer 

677 

127' 

Sand  

25 

702 

Lime ^ 

730 

Salt  Sand 

135 

865 

Lime  

900 

Slate  

100 

1000 

323' 

Lower  Carboniferous  (795') 
Mauch  Chunk  (285') 

Red  rock 

1020 

Lime  

50 

1070 

Red  rock 

30 

1100 

Lime  

1150 

Red  rock 

1235 

n8 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


Thickness. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Slate  

15 

1250 

Little  Lime 

1265 

Pencil  cave . . •. 

20 

1285 

285' 

Greenbrier  Limestone  (65') 

Big  Lime 

Pocono  Sandstones  (445') 

1350 

65' 

Big  Injun  sand 

1460 

Red  rock 

20 

1480 

Limestone  shells 

90 

1570 

Sand  and  shells  (Squaw). 

20 

1590 

Slate  and  shells 

180 

1770 

Sand,  (Berea) 

25 

1795 

445' 

Devonian  (5Jo') 

Catskill  Sandstones  (530') 

Sand  and  shells 

120 

1915 

Sand,  (Fifty-foot) 

25 

1940 

Sand  and  shells 

40 

1980 

Sand,  Gordon?  (Thirty-foot) 

25 

2005 

Red  rock 

2160 

Sand,  (Gordon) 

30 

2190 

Red  rock 

2200 

Sand,  (Fourth?) 

45 

2245 

Slate  

41 

2286 

Sand,  Fifth? 

30 

2316 

Slate  

9 

2325 

530' 

In  the  section  it  was 

not  possible  to  show 

the  dividing 

line  with  any  degree  of 

accuracy 

between  the 

Conemaugh 

and  Allegheny  series.  A streak  of  red  occurs  at  the  base  of 

the  top  member  of  the  Pocono  measures,  an  unusual  feature 


in  this  portion  of  the  State.  In  fact,  a very  large  portion  of 
the  Lower  Carboniferous  rocks  in  this  particular  section  are 
red  beds.  It  is  barely  possible  that  the  Pocono  has  thinned 
down  to  the  thickness  (110')  given  for  the  Big  Injun,  and 
if  so,  the  Catskill  measures  would  begin  at  1460'.  The  sand- 
stones in  the  latter  series  would  then  require  re-naming. 

SIMPSON  DISTRICT.— The  following  section  was  ob- 
tained in  the  north  central  portion  of  Simpson  district, 
Harrison  county,  by  combining  the  log  of  the  J.  R.  Stout 
No.  1 well  (685),  located  1.2  miles  due  north  of  Bridgeport 
and  drilled  by  the  Bridgeport  Natural  Gas  & Oil  Company, 
D.  H.  Gawthrop,  Manager,  and  authority  for  well  record, 
with  an  aneroid  section  measured  by  the  writer  from  the 
summit  of  the  hill  directly  northwest  of  the  well.  The  top 
of  the  hill  is  40  to  50  feet  below  the  horizon  of  the  Pittsburgh 
coal : 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


m 


Section  1.2  Miles  North  of  Bridgeport, 
Simpson  District. 


Upper  Carboniferous  (1050') 

Thickness. 

Total. 

Conemaugh  Series  (562') 

Concealed  from  top  of  hill 

Feet. 

70 

Feet. 

70 

Shale,  buff 

5 

75 

Coal,  Little  Clarksburg 

2 

77 

77/ 

Fire  clay 

5 

82 

Concealed  to  J.  R.  Stout  No.  1 well  (685) .... 

30 

112 

(J.  R.  Stout  No.  1 Well  Log  (685)  ) 

Conductor  (top.  1160'  BA.  T.) 

13 

125  * 

Unrecorded  

152 

277 

Coal,  (Harlem) 

3 

280 

203' 

Unrecorded  

142 

422 

Sandstone,  Little  Dunkard  (First  Cow 
(Buffalo)  

Run) 

25 

447 

Unrecorded  

70 

517 

Sandstone,  Big  Dunkard  (Mahoning)... 

45 

562 

282' 

Allegheny  Series  (215') 

Unrecorded  

20 

582 

Sand,  “First  Gas?”  (Burning  Springs) 
(Upper  Freeport) 

50 

632 

Unrecorded  

70 

702 

Sand,  “Second  Gas”?  (“Gas”)  (Lower 
port)  

Free- 

50 

752 

Unrecorded  

25 

777 

215' 

Pottsville  Series  (273') 

Sand,  “Third  Gas”?  (Second  Cow 
(Homewood)  

Run) 

130 

907 

Unrecorded  and  Salt  sand 

143 

1050 

273' 

Lower  Carboniferous  ( 797 ') 

Mauch  Chunk  (362') 

Red  rock 

142 

1192 

Lime,  grit,  sandstone 

45 

1237 

Red  rock 

95 

1332 

Lime  

30 

1362 

Red  rock 

50 

1412 

362' 

Greenbrier  Limestone  (85') 

Big  Lime 

85 

1497 

85' 

Pocono  Sandstones  (360') 

Sand,  Big  Injun 

120 

1617 

Unrecorded  

230 

1847 

350' 

Devonian  ( 740 ') 

Catskiil  Sandstones  (740') 

Unrecorded  

55 

1902 

Sand,  Fifty-foot  (Title  gas,  1930'-1987') 

Unrecorded  

200 

2102 

Sand,  Thirty-foot 

22 

21.24 

Unrecorded  

10 

2134 

Sand,  Gordon  Stray 

50 

2184 

Unrecorded  

5 

2189 

Red  rock 

10 

2199 

352' 

Sand,  (Gordon) 

8 

2207 

Red  rock 

121 

2328 

Shell  

2 

2330 

120 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Red  rock 32  2362 

Sand,  (Fourth) 10  2372 

Unrecorded  3 2375 

Slate  * 7 2382 

Sand,  white  (Fifth) 10  2392 

Unrecorded  and  black  slate 76  2468 

Sand  (light  gas,  2432') 86  2554 

Unrecorded  to  bottom  of  hole 33  2587  388' 


In  the  above  section  the  identifications  in  parentheses 
are  by  the  writer.  The  Mauch  Chunk  measures  are  77  feet 
thicker  than  on  Jack  run,  4 miles  to  the  northwest,  as  given 
in  the  preceding  section. 

The  following  section  was  obtained  in  the  extreme 
southern  part  of  Simpson  district,  Harrison  county,  by  com- 
bining the  log  of  the  Coplin  Heirs  No.  1 well  (698A),  drilled 
by  the  Tri-State  Gas  Company  (authority  for  record)  and 
located  on  Brushy  fork  of  Elk  creek,  one-half  mile  southeast 
from  Grassland  P.  O.,  with  a section  measured  from  the 
summit  of  a high  knob,  0.7  mile  southwest  of  the  well. 


Section  One-half  Mile  Southeast  of  Grassland, 
Simpson  District. 


Thickness.  Total. 


Monongahela  Series  (295') 

Feet. 

Feet 

Concealed  from  top  of  knob 

265 

265 

Coal,  Redstone  

6 

271 

Concealed  

4 

275 

Limestone,  Redstone 

3 

278 

Shale,  limy 

11 

289 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 

5 

295 

295' 

Conemaugh  Series  (565') 

Concealed  

134 

429 

Coal,  Little  Clarksburg 

1 

430 

135' 

Limestone 


1' 


Shale,  limy 5 ^ Clarksburg  . 

8 

438 

Limestone  2 j 

Concealed  to  top  of  Coplin  Heirs  Well  (698A) 

32 

470 

(Coplin  Heirs  No.  1 Well  Log 

Unrecorded  

(698A) ) 

150 

620 

Coal,  (Harlem)  

4 

624 

194' 

Unrecorded 

178 

802 

Coal  (Brush  Creek) 

2 

804 

180' 

Unrecorded  

21 

825 

Sandstone,  Little  Dunkard?  (Big 

(Mahoning)  

Dunkard) 

30 

855 

Unrecorded  

5 

860 

56' 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  121 


Thickness. 

Total. 

Allegheny  Series  (220') 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Unrecorded  

60 

920 

Sandstone,  Big  Dunkard?  (“Gas”), 

(Lower 

Freeport)  

60 

980 

Unrecorded  

100 

1080 

220' 

Pottsville  Series  (630') 

Sand  “Gas”?  (Second  Cow  Run)  and  Salt  (no 

break)  

630 

1710 

630' 

Lower  Carboniferous  ( 484 ') 

Mauch  Chunk  (48') 

Lime 

10 

1720 

Red  Rock  and  slate 

15 

1735 

Lime  

8 

1743 

Slate  

10 

1753 

Red  Rock 

5 

1758 

48' 

Greenbrier  Limestone  (77') 

Big  Lime 

77 

1835 

77' 

Pocono  Sandstone  (359') 

Sand,  Big  Injun 

105 

1940 

Slate  and  lime  shells 

230 

2170 

Unrecorded  

11 

2181 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea) 

13 

2194 

359' 

Devonian  ( 2304 ') 

% 

Catskill  Sandstones  (686') 

Slate  

21 

2215 

Sand,  (Gantz  and  Fifty-foot) 

137 

2352 

Slate  and  shells 

118 

2470 

Red  rock 

245 

2715 

Unrecorded  

2 

2717 

Sand,  Fifth,  broken 

32 

2749 

555' 

Red  rock 

31 

2780 

Slate  and  shells 

100 

2880 

131' 

Chemung  and  Portage  (1618') 

Slate  and  shells 

340 

3220 

Slate,  white  

70 

3290 

Slate  and  shells 

...*.....130 

3420 

Lime  and  shells  (little  gas  at  top) . . . 

370 

3790 

910' 

Lime,  with  occasional  break  of  slate. 

130 

3920 

130' 

Slate  and  shells  to  bottom 

578 

4498 

578' 

“Changed  to  wire  line  at  depth  of  2530  feet  from  top  of  hole.” 

The  section  is  of  much  interest  in  that  it  goes  deeper 
into  the  stratified  rocks  than  any  yet  published  for  the 
Doddridge-Harrison  area.  If  to  the  section  we  add  tfie  top 
portion  (100  feet)  of  the  Monongahela  series,  and  1160  feet 
for  the  total  thickness  of  the  Dunkard  measures  as  shown  by 
the  Alliance  section  in  the  northwestern  corner  of  Harrison 
county,  then  we  obtain  a total,  exposed  at  crop,  and  pene- 
trated by  oil  and  gas  well  borings,  of  5784  feet. 

The  limestone  at  3790'  may  possibly  correlate  with  the 
Tnlly  limestone  at  the  base  of  the  Upper  Devonian  as  the 


122  STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS.  . 

latter  is  classified  by  Clark  and  Schuchert8.  If  so,  the  basal 
578  feet  would  then  represent  the  Hamilton  shales,  only  a 
few  hundred  feet  above  the  Corniferous  limestone. 

Several  errors  in  correlation  of  the  sandstone  beds  of  the 
Conemaugh  and  Allegheny  series  were  made  by  the  drillers, 
but  the  writer  has  inserted  in  parentheses  the  true  names. 
The  Pottsville  series,  as  given  in  this  record  is  entirely  too 
thick  (630'),  and  this  interval  doubtless  contains  several 
members,  and  also  includes  about  300  feet  of  the  Mauch 
Chunk,  the  Maxton  sand -coming  at  its  base. 

GRANT  DISTRICT. — The  following  section  was  ob- 
tained in  the  northern  portion  of  Grant  district  by  combining 
a hand  level  section  measured  by  D.  B.  Reger  along  tfre  hill 
road  northwest  of  Byron,  with  the  log  of  the  Claude  Davisson 
No.  1 well  (701),  located  on  Browns  creek,  one-fourth  mile 
northwest  of  the  town,  and  drilled  by  the  Weston  Gas  Com- 
pany. T.  Moore  Jackson  of  Clarksburg,  W.  Va.,  is  authority 
for  the  well  record : 


Section  One-fourth  Mile  Northwest  of  Byron, 
Grant  District. 


Upper  and  Lower  Carboniferous  (229/)  Thickness.  Total. 
Monongahela  Series  (317') 

Concealed  from  top  of  knob  on  Grant-Union 
district  line 

Sand,  hard,  flaggy,  micaceous,  Uniontown  . . . 


Sandstone,  brown,  flaggy.  17'] 

Shale,  red 14  . . 

Sandstone,  shaly 7 J Sandstone) 


(Arnoldsburg 


Sandstone,  brown,  micaceous,  flaggy. 


Limestone,  concealed, 
wood  

shaly 


and  Limestone  Ben- 


Sandstone, 

Concealed  

Sandstone,  brown,  shaly,  micaceous 

Shale,  brown 

Shale,  bituminous  (1")  (Sewickley  coal  hori- 
zon)   

Shale,  brown 


Feet. 

Feet. 

20 

20 

11 

31 

38 

69 

38 

107 

27 

134 

10 

144 

15 

159 

10 

169 

12 

181 

16 

197 

6 

203 

2 

205 

3 

208 

0 

208 

7 

215 

107' 


101' 


8.  Science,  Vol.  X;  1899. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


123 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 

Sandstone,  brown,  shaly,  Lower  Sewickley..  20  235 


Concealed  55  290 

Coal,  Redstone 1 291 

Concealed  18  309 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 8 317 

Conemaugh  Series  (547') 

Sandstone,  soft,  Lower  Pittsburgh 11  328 

Concea^d  13  341 

Coal  streak,  Little  Pittsburgh 0 341 

Concealed  14  355 

Shale,  sandy 11  366 

Concealed  33  399 

Sandstone,  Connellsville,  to  level  of  Davis- 
son well  (701) 25  424 

(Claude  Davisson  No.  1 Well  Log  (701)  ) 

Conductor  (surface  gravel) 10  434 

Shale  (water  5'  below  top) 75  509 

Sandstone,  (Morgantown) 40  549 

S’ate  20  569 

Sandstone,  (Grafton) 25  594 

Slate  20  614 

Coal,  (Harlem) 5 619 

Slate  15  634 

Sandstone,  (Saltsburg) 40  674 

Sandstone  shells 190  864 

Allegheny  Series  (220')  , 

Sandstone,  (Big  Dunkard) 60  924 

Slate  , 90  1014 

Sandstone,  (Clarion) 50  1064 

Slate  20  1084 

Pottsville  Series  and  Mauch  Chunk  (708') 

Sandstone,  (Homewood)  . 60  1144 

Slate  30  1174 

Sandstone  (Upper  and  Lower  Connoqueness- 

ing)  160  1334 

Slate,  black 220  1554 

Red  rock 200  1754 

Slate  38  1792 

Greenbrier  Limestone  (94') 

Big  Lime  (steel  line  measurement) 94  1886 

Pocono  Sandstones  (411') 

Sand,  Keener 12  1898 

Sand,  red 11  1909 

Sand,  white,  Big  Injun : 73  1982 

S’ate  282  2264 

Sand,  (Berea) 33  2297 

Devonian  (52/) 

Catskill  Sandstones  (527') 

Slate  and  shells 17  2314 

Sand,  (Gantz  and  Fifty-foot) 185  2499 

Red  slate  and  shells 10  2509 

Sand,  (Thirty-foot) 15  2524 

Slate  ' 20  2544 

Red  slate 50  2594 

Red  and  gray  sand  shel’s 40  2634 


83' 

26' 


232' 

70' 

245' 

220' 


708' 

94' 

411' 


297' 


124 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Red  slate 40  2674 

Slate,  white 10  2684 

Sand,  Fourth 35  2719 

Slate,  blue 27  2746 

Sandstone,  brown,  with  white  pebbles  (large 
flow  of  gas  at  top;  steel  line  measure- 
ment) (Fifth) 18  2764 

Slate,  white,  to  bottom 60  2824 


230' 


The  following  section  was  obtained  from  the  log  of  the 
C.  S.  Gribble  No.  1 well  (708 A),  located  in  the  southeastern 
edge  of  Grant  district,  Harrison  county,  on  a branch  of  Lost 
creek,  one  mile  south  80°  east  from  Lost  Creek  station.  The 
record  of  the  well  was  furnished  by  the  owners,  the  Lost 
Creek  Oil  & Gas  Company,  through  G.  M.  Gribble.  Changes 
and  modifications  of  the  correlation  of  the  different  forma- 
tions by  the  writer  are  indicated  in  parentheses.  The  well 
mouth  is  15  to  20  feet  above  the  Harlem  coal  and  about  300 
feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed : 


Section  One  Mile  Southeast  of  Lost  Creek, 
Grant  District. 


(C.  S.  Gribble  No.  1 Well  (708A)  Log.) 

Upper  Carboniferous  (920')  Thickness.  Total. 

Conemaugh  Series  (330')  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  20  20 

Sand  20  40 

Red  rock 15  55 

Lime  and  shells 20  75 

S.ate  10  85 

Lime  15  100 

Red  rock 15  115 

Lime,  shelly 17  132 

Coal,  Bakerstown 3 135 

Lime 15  150 

Slate  10  160 

Lime  40  200 

Slate  12  212 

Lime  shells  and  slate 38  250 

Red  rock 5 255 

Lime  shells  and  slate 45  300 

Lime  30  330 

Allegheny  Series  (225') 

Lime  50  380 

Sandstone,  Big  Dunkard?  (“Gas”)  (Lower 

Freeport)  50  430 

Coal,  Mapletown?  (Upper  Kittanning) 5 435 


135' 


195' 


105' 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


125 


Thickness.  Total. 


Black  s’ate. 
Lime 


Pottsville  Series  (365') 

Sand  15'  ] 

Slate  . . 7 }-  (Hgmewood)..  . 

Sand  33  J 

Slate  

Sand  (water,  650'-655')  (Upper  Connoque- 

nessing)  

Slate  

Lime  

Slate,  shells  and  lime 

Sand,  (Salt) 

Lower  Carboniferous  (69/) 

Mauch  Chunk  (270') 

Lime  

Red  rock 

Lime * 

Sandy  lime 

Red  rock,  lime,  and  shells 

Lime  

Pencil  cave 

Greenbrier  Limestone  (60') 

Big  Lime 

Pocono  Sandstones  (367') 

Big  Injun  sand 

Slate,  lime  and  shells 

Lime  

Slate  

Lime  

Slate,  lime  and  shells 

Lime  

Slate  

Black  lime  and  slate 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea)  (gas,  1,000,000  feet)... 
Devonian  ( 540 ') 

Catskill  Sandstones  (540') 

Slate  and  break 


Slate 

Sand,  Fifty-foot 18'] 

Break 2 }►  (Fifty-foot) . . 

Sand  10  J 

Lime  

Black  slate 

Thirty-foot  sand 35'  ] 

Slate  and  shells 25  (Thirty-foot) . 

Hard  sand 20  J 

Lime  shells 

Red  rock  and  lime 

Red  rock 

Lime  

Sand,  Gordon 


Feet. 

Feet. 

30 

465 

80 

545 

10 

555 

120' 

55 

610 

5 

615 

58 

673 

7 

680 

30 

710 

82 

792 

128 

920 

365' 

20 

940 

35 

975 

15 

990 

35 

1025 

120 

1145 

30 

1175 

15 

1190 

270' 

60 

1250 

60' 

115 

1365 

35 

1400 

35 

1435 

25 

1460 

30 

1490 

35 

1525 

15 

1540 

10 

1550 

37 

1587 

30 

1617 

367' 

14 

1631 

32 

1663 

17 

1680 

27 

1707 

30 

1737 

10 

1747 

3 

1750 

80 

1830 

10 

1840 

60 

1900 

10 

1910 

5 

1915 

298' 

5 

1920 

126 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Red  rock  and  shells 25  1945 

Lime  15  1960 

Slate  and  shells .* 10  1970 

Hard,~sandy  lime 25  1995 

Lime  20  2015 

Fourth  sand  (gas,  2,000,000  feet) 20  2035 

Slate  15  2050 

Slate,  lime  and  shells 50  2100 

Slate  22  2122 

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2,500,000  feet) 28  2150 

Slate  to  bottom 7 2157  242' 

“Completed  July  30,  1910.” 


ELK  DISTRICT. — Elk  district  occupies  the  southeast- 
ern corner  of  Harrison  county.  The  following  section  was 
obtained  on  Stevens  run  of  Elk  creek  near  the  central  portion 
of  Elk  district  and  one  mile  northwest  from  Romines  Mills, 
by  combining  a section  measured  with  aneroid  by  D.  B. 
Reger  from,  the  summit  of  a high  knob  one  mile  due  south 
of  Craigmoor  P.  O.,  with  the  log  of  the  A.  H.  Davisson  No. 
1 gas  well  (737),  drilled  by  the  Tri-State  Gas  Company, 
which  is  also  authority  for  the  record  of  the  well : 

Section  One  Mile  Northwest  of  Romines  Mills, 

Elk  District. 


Upper  Carboniferous  (a?95')  Thickness.  Total. 

Monongehela  Series  (60')  Feet.  Feet. 

Concealed  from  top  of  knob 30  30 

Sandstone  5 35 

Coal,  (Redstone)  (mine  in,  but  abandoned 

and  thickness  concealed) 5 40 

Concealed  14  54 

Coal  (visible  12”),  Pittsburgh  (thickness 

concealed)  (6)  60  60" 

Conemaugh  Series  (610') 

Concea^d  115  175 

Sandstone,  gray,  with  iron  oxide  specks 

(Connellsville)  20  195  135' 

Concealed  85  280 

Sandstone,  concealed  and  sandstone 65  345 

Shale  and  concealed ‘ 35  380 

Shale,  green,  fossiliferous  (Ames) 20  400 

Limestone,  fossiliferous,  (Lower  Ames) 1 401 

Coal,  Harlem 2 403  208' 

Limestone,  good,  Ewing 4 407 

Shale,  red  and  limy  (Pittsburgh) 33  440 

Concealed  to  A.  H.  Davisson  No.  1 well  (737)  15  455 

(A.  H.  Davisson  No.  1 Well  Log  (737)  ) 

Unrecorded  140  595 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


127 

Thickness.  Total. 


Feet. 

Feet. 

Sandstone,  Little  Dunkard?  (Big  Dunkard) 

(Mahoning)  

40 

635 

Unrecorded  

35 

670 

267' 

Allegheny  Series  (225') 

Unrecorded  

15 

685 

Sandstone,  Big  Dunkard?  (Burning  Springs) 

(Upper  Freeport) 

50 

735 

Unrecorded  

30 

765 

Coal  (Upper  Kittanning) 

4 

769 

99' 

Unrecorded  

126 

895 

126' 

Pottsville  Series  (400') 

Sand,  Salt?  (Second  Cow  Run)  (Homewood) 

(12  bailers  water  per  hour) 

50 

945 

Unrecorded  

30 

975 

Sand,  Second  Salt?  (Salt)  (little  gas  and  oil 

show  at  top) 

160 

1135 

Unrecorded  

20 

1155 

Sand,  Third  Salt?  (Sharon) 

140 

1295 

400' 

Lower  Carboniferous  (7 35') 

Mauch  Chunk  (295') 

Red  rock 

60 

13o5 

Sand,  Maxton 

85 

1440 

Red  rock 

115 

1555 

Little  Lime 

18 

1573 

Unrecorded  

17 

1590 

295' 

Greenbrier  Limestone  (90') 

Big  Lime 

90 

1680 

90' 

Pocono  Sandstones  (350') 

Sand,  Big  Injun  (litUe  gas  at  top) 

95 

1775 

Unrecorded  

40 

1815 

Sand,  Squaw 

30 

1845 

Unrecorded  

185 

2030 

350' 

Devonian  (77/5') 

Catskill,  Chemung  and  Portage  (1715') 

Sand,  (probab’y  Berea,  Gantz  and  Fifty-foot). 

150 

2180 

Unrecorded  

212 

2392 

362' 

Sand,  Stray?  (Gordon) 

27 

2419 

Unrecorded  

11 

2430 

Sand,  Gordon?  (Fourth) 

25 

2455 

Unrecorded  

65 

2520 

Sand,  Fourth?  (Fifth) 

20 

2540 

148' 

Slate  and  shells 

845 

3385 

Sand  shell 

1 

3386 

Slate  and  lime  shells  to  bottom 

359 

3745 

1205' 

The  section  is  interesting  in  that  the  basal  formation 
reaches  almost  as  low — 3685  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal — 
in  the  rock  column  as  that  given  for  Grassland  on  a preceding 
page  of  this  report.  The  bottom  of  the  well  is  over  1000 
feet  below  the  base  of  the  Catskill  measures  and  probably 
not  over  1500  feet  above  the  top  of  the  Corniferous  limestone. 

The  following  section  was  measured  with  aneroid  by  the 


128 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


writer  in  the  extreme  southeastern  corner  of  Harrison  county 
from  the  summit  of  a high  knob  located  on  the  head  of 
Charity  fork  of  Right  branch  of  Gnatty  creek  on  the  Harrison- 
Upshur  county  line  northwestward  along  the  public  highway 
to  Peeltree  run  level,  1.5  miles  due  east  from  Johnstown: 

Section  One  Mile  and  a Half  East  of  Johnstown, 

Elk  District. 

Thickness.  Total. 

Dunkard  and  Monongahela  Series  (530')  Feet.  Feet. 

Concealed  and  sandstone  from  top  of  knob..  130  130 

Concealed  30  160 

Reds  5 165 

Sandstone,  flaggy 30  195 

Concealed  10  205 

Reds,  dark,  limy 5 210 

Shale,  red 15  225 

Shale,  blue,  sandy 10  235 

Concealed  55  290 

Reds  5 295 

Sandstone,  massive 20  315 

Sandstone,  shaly 10  325 

Concealed  and  shale 15  340 

Limestone,  gray  and  hard,  slightly  silicious, 

Benwood  15  355 

Concealed  5 360 

Sandstone,  green,  medium  grained,  Upper 

Sewickley  20  380 

Shale,  limy,  green 20  400 

Sandstone,  green,  micaceous,  flaggy,  Lower 

Sewickley  30  430 

Shale,  gray  and  limy,  and  sandstone 20  450 

Concealed  22  472 

Shale,  dark 23  495 

Coal  blossom,  heavy,  Redstone 5 500 

Concealed  30  530  530' 

Conemaugh  Series  (235') 

Concealed  105  635 

Sandstone,  with  layers  of  red  shale,  Con- 

nellsville  25  660 

Shale,  red  and  sandy 5 665 

Concealed  and  shale 29  694 

Slate,  black,  with  fossil  plants,  Little  Clarks- 
burg coal  horizon? 1 695  165' 

Fire  clay  shale 10  705 

Shale,  sandy,  buff 15  720 

Sandstone,  massive,  green 5 725 

Concealed  5 730 

Reds,  dark  with  limestone  nuggets 30  760 

Concealed  to  road  crossing  of  Peeltree 5 765  70' 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


129 


The  section  was  measured  northwestward  along  the  dip 
of  the  strata  and  for  that  reason  the  formations  are  thicker 
and  the  intervals  are  greater  than  they  should  be.  The  total 
dip  in  this  direction  is  almost  75  feet,  so  that  this  high  knob 
probably  catches  50  to  75  feet  of  the  Dunkard  series,  and  the 
base  of  the  latter  should  come  near  the  middle  of  the  130 
feet  of  measures  at  the  top. 

SUMMARY. 

The  following  table  gives  not  only  the  thickness  of  the 
Upper  Carboniferous,  Lower  Carboniferous  and  Devonian  as 
exhibited  by  the  foregoing  general  sections,  but  it  also  gives 
in  most  cases  the  thickness  of  the  several  series  under  each. 
In  this  table  the  sections  are  arranged  alphabetically  with 
reference  to  the  nearest  town  or  post  office : 


130 


STRATIGRAPHY GENERAL  SECTIONS. 


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WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  131 

The  sections,  with  others  published  on  subsequent  pages, 
give  a maximum  thickness  of  the  Carboniferous  in  this  portion 
of  the  State  of  3950  feet,  divided  as  follows : 

Upper  Carboniferous: 

Dunkard  Series 

Monongahela  Series. 

Conemaugh  Series 

Allegheny  Series 

Pottsville  Series 

Lower  Carboniferous: 

Mauch  Chunk 

Greenbrier  Limestone 
Pocono  Sandstones 


Feet. 

1160 

430 

600 

275 

500 2965  feet 

350 

135 

500 985  “ 


Total 


3950  feet. 


CHAPTER  V. 

STRATIGRAPHY— THE  DUNKARD  SERIES. 

The  Dunkard  series  of  rocks  is  the  highest  division  of 
the  Upper  Carboniferous  of  the  Appalachian  area  of  North 
America,  and  the  most  recent  in  formation  within  the  Dod- 
dridge-Harrison  area,  except  the  alluvium  along  the  bottom 
lands  of  the  rivers  and  large  creeks.  This  group  of  rocks  was 
so  designated  from  Dunkard  creek,  a stream  flowing  eastward 
into  the  Monongahela  river  in  the  southwest  corner  of  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania,  by  I.  C.  White,  whose  original  descrip- 
tion is  as  follows1 : 

‘•The  uppermost  beds  are  found  at  the  headwaters  of  Dunkard 
creek,  a large  stream  which  heads  near  the  West  Virginia-Pennsylvania 
line,  on  the  eastern  slope  of  the  water-shed  separating  the  Ohio  and 
Monongahela  liver  drainage  systems,  and  flowing  eastward,  puts  into 
the  Monongahela  two  miles  above  Greensboro,  Greene  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, and  four  miles  north  from  the  West  Virginia  line.  This 
stream  flows  over  the  Permo-Carboniferous  rocks  from  its  source  to 
the  point  at  which  it  leaves  the  West  Virginia  line  at  Mount  Morris, 
Pennsylvania,  a distance  of  more  than  thirty  miles,  furnishing  very 
fine  exposures  of  these  rocks  along  its  hanks  and  bluffs;  hence  the 
geographical  name,  Dunkard,  which  I have  given  the  series.” 

The  series  was  originally  called  the  Upper  Barren  meas- 
ures in  the  early  study  of  the  geology  of  this  region  on  the 
supposition  that  this  division  of  the  rock  column  held  no  coal 
beds  of  economic  value.  For  a long  time  the  series  was  placed 
under  the  compromise  term,  Permo-Carboniferous,  on  account 
of  the  presence  of  fossil  plants  of  Permian  age  in  its  shales 
and  slates,  and  the  failure  to  find  Permian  fauna. 

The  base  of  the  Dunkard  series  was  placed  by  I.  C.  White 
where  Permian  plants  were  first  observed  in  the  fossil  flora, 
viz.,  the  Cassville  shale,  just  over  the  Waynesburg  coal  bed. 


1.  U.  S.  G.  Survey,  Bulletin  No.  65,  page  20;  1891. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


133 


He  gives  the  following  description  of  the  Dunkard  series  in 
West  Virginia2: 


“As  exhibited  in  West  Virginia,  the  rocks  of  this  series  consist  of 
a succession  of  brown  and  gray  sandstones,  interstratified  with  much 
red  shale,  many  beds  of  limestone,  and  several  thin,  impure  and  unim- 
portant coal  beds,  the  entire  series  being  slightly  gypsiferous  through- 
out, though  no  accumulations  of  gypsum  have  taken  place  owing  prob- 
ably to  the  absence  of  any  considerable  thickness  of  limestone  beds. 

“In  Ohio  and  northern  Marshall  counties,  like  Greene  and  Wash- 
ington of  Pennsylvania,  this  series  holds  less  red  shale  and  a greater 
proportion  of  limestone  and  gray  limy  shales  than  further  to  the  south- 
west. The  coal  beds  are  also  more  numerous,  and  the  sandstones  less 
massive,  the  whole  resulting  in  a gentle  rolling  topography,  finely 
adapted  to  grazing  and  agricu’ture,  except  along  the  immediate  gorges 
of  the  streams. 

“As  we  pass  southwestward,  however,  the  coal  beds  all  disappear 
except  one  (the  Washington)  before  we  reach  the  Little  Kanawha 
river,  and  the  limestones  with  one  or  two  exceptions  thin  away  into 
great  masses  of  marly  red  shales,  holding  only  nuggets  of  lime,  while 
the  sandstones  thicken  up,  and,  capping  the  ridges  in  long  lines  of 
cliffs,  often  make  a rugged  topography  better  fitted  for  grazing  and 
fruit  culture  than  for  agriculture.  When  the  massive  sandstones  dis- 
appear from  the  ridges  or  uplands,  however,  there  frequently  occur 
limited  areas  of  beautiful  rolling  lands  which  yield  abundant  crops, 
the  red  marly  shales  being  quite  fertile  from  the  disseminated  lime- 
stone nuggets. 

‘ The  soils  formed  by  the  disintegration  of  the  Dunkard  beds  have 
the  reputation  of  producing  a fine  quality  of  wool  in  which  the  fiber 
is  peculiarly  firm  and  strong,  so  that  its  area  is  often  known  as  the 
“sheep  belt”  of  West  Virginia,  since  probably  90  per  cent  of  the  sheep 
raised  in  the  State  are  grown  upon  the  outcrops  of  the  Dunkard  series. 
These  rocks  occupy  a belt  about  40  to  60  miles  in  width  bordering  the 
Ohio  river  and  extending  east  from  the  same  over  portions  or  all  of 
the  following  named  counties:  Ohio,  Marshal1.,  Wetzel,  Tyler,  Monon- 

galia, and  Marion  (west  of  the  Monongahela  river),  western  Harrison 
and  Lewis,  Doddridge,  Pleasants,  Wood,  Wirt,  Ritchie,  Calhoun,  Gilmer, 
Roane,  Jackson,  and  the  uplands  of  Mason  and  southern  Putnam,  but 
tailing  out  into  a narrow  belt,  which  soon  overshoots  even  the  highest 
hills  of  Wayne,  a short  distance  east  from  the  Big  Sandy  river  at  the 
Kentucky  boundary.” 

The  writer  has  compiled  the  following  general  section 
of  the  Dunkard  series  for  West  Virginia  from  a large  number 
of  detailed  sections  of  these  measures  as  published  in  the 
several  reports  of  the  State  Geological  Survey.  Since  the 
publication  of  the  original  Dunkard  Creek  section  by  I.  C. 


2.  Vol.  II.,  page  101,  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey;  1903. 


134  STRATIGRAPHY THE  DUNKARD  SERIES. 

White2 a in  1891,  the  formations  below,  the  names  of  which  are 
in  parentheses,  have  been  added  and  described  by  the  writer 
in  the  reports  of  the  Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler  and  Wirt-Roane- 
Calhoun  areas,  except  the  Elm  Grove  and  Bristol  limestones. 
The  former  was  added  and  described  by  G.  P.  Grimsley  in 
the  Ohio-Brooke-Hancock  report,  and  the  latter  by  the  writer 
in  this  report : 


General  Section  of  the  Dunkard  Series  for 
West  Virginia. 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Sandstones,  (Proctor) 150  150 

Limestone,  Windy  Gap 5 155 

Shale  25  180 

Coal,  Windy  Gap 1 181  181' 

Fire  clay,  shale,  red  and  variegated  with 

thin  limestones  and  sandstones 79  260 

Sandstone,  massive,  Gilmore 30  290 

Coal,  (Gilmore) 1 291  110' 

Limestone,  (Gilmore) 1 292 

Shale,  variegated  and  red,  with  thin  sand- 
stones   93  385 

Limestone,  (Upper  Rockport) 5 390 

Sandstone,  (Taylor) 30  420  129' 

Limestone,  (Middle  Rockport) 5 425 

Sandstone  and  shale,  buff  and  red 30  455 

Limestone,  (Lower  Rockport) 5 460 

Shale,  sandstone  and  shale,  limy 15  475 

Sandstone,  massive,  coarse  brown,  Nineveh.  25  500 

Shale  to 5 505 

Coal,  Nineveh 1 506  86' 

Fire  clay  and  limy  shale 10  516 

Limestone,  Nineveh 5 521 

Shale,  variegated  and  red 30  551 

Sandstone,  massive,  (Burton) 29  580 

Coa!,  Hostetter 1 581  75' 

Shale,  sandy,  with  thin  sandstones 59  640 

'Sandstone,  massive,  Fish  Creek 35  675 

Coal,  (Fish  Creek) 1 676  89' 

Fire  clay,  shale,  sandy  and  red,  with  thin 

sandstones  34  710 

Sandstone,  massive,  (Rush  Run) 25  735 

Shale,  sandy 5 740 

Coal,  Dunkard 1 741  65' 

Fire  clay,  shale,  sandy,  variegated  and  red..  30  771 

Sandstone,  Jollytown 20  791 

Coal,  Jollytown - 1 792  51' 

Fire  clay 1 793 

Limestone,  Upper  Washington 4 797 


2a.  Bull.  No.  65,  U.  S.  G.  Survey,  page  22. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  135 

Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 


Shale,  limy 5 802 

Sandstone,  (Hundred) 35  837 

Coal,  (Hundred) 1 838  46' 

Fire  clay,  shale,  red  and  variegated 35  873 

Sandstone,  (Upper  Marietta) 50  923 

Coal,  Washington  “A” 1 924  86' 

Red  Shale  (Creston) 60  984 

Limestone,  Middle  Washington 5 989 

Sandstone,  (Lower  Marietta) 40  1029 

Limestone,  Lower  Washington 2 1031 

Coal,  Washington 3 1034  110' 

Fire  clay  shale,  (Washington) 8 1042 

Limestone,  (Bristol) 2 1044 

Sandstone,  Washington 10  1054 

Coal,  Little  Washington 1 1055 

Shale  5 1060 

Sandstone,  Mannington — Waynesburg  “B” 

coal  horizon  near  middle 45  1105 

Shale  4 1109 

Coal,  Waynesburg  “A" 1 1110  76' 

Fire  clay  and  shale 3 1113 

Limestone,  Mount  Morris 2 1115 

Shale  12  1127 

Sandstone,  coarse,  brown  and  pebbly, 

Waynesburg  45  1172 

Limestone,  dark  flaggy,  Elm  Grove 3 1175 

Shale,  Cassville 5 1180  70' 

Coal,  Waynesburg. 


The  Dunkard  series  of  rocks  crops  over  almost  the  entire 
area  of  Doddridge  county  and  over  a large  portion  of  the 
western  half  of  Harrison.  The  extent  of  this  group  of  rocks 
in  the  area  under  discussion  is  graphically  shown  on  the 
General  and  Economic  Geology  map  accompanying  this  re- 
port. There  it  will  be  noted  that  the  series  passes  into  the 
air  along  the  crest  of  the  Chestnut  Ridge  anticline  and  along 
the  crest  of  the  Wolf  Summit  arch  south  from  Tenmile  creek. 
In  the  extreme  southeastern  corner  of  Harrison  some  of  the 
high  knobs  on  the  Upshur  county  line  catch  a few  acres  of 
the  Dunkard  rocks  in  their  summits. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area,  the  Dunkard  series  con- 
sists of  sandstones,  sandy  shales,  limestones,  limy  shales,  red 
shales  and  only  three  or  four  thin  coal  beds.  The  character- 
istic red  shales  appear  in  all  sections  observed  by  the  writer. 
Most  of  the  limestones  of  Marshall,  Wetzel  and  Monongalia 
counties,  have  in  the  area  under  discussion  turned  into  marly 


136 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  DUNKARD  SERIES. 


red  shales  with  nuggets  of  limestone  scattered  throughout. 
The  maximum  thickness  of  these  measures  left  uneroded 
(about  1160  feet)  occurs  in  the  northwestern  corner  of 
Harrison  county.  There  the  log  of  the  E.  L.  Piggott  No.  1 
well  (321)  which  starts  45  feet  (hand-level  measurement) 
below  the  summit  of  a high  knob,  reports  the  Pittsburgh  coal 
bed  at  a depth  of  1498  feet.  The  thickness  of  the  Monon- 
gahela  series  there  is  about  390  feet,  so  that  1160  feet  of  the 
Dunkard  measures  must  be  represented,  and  the  knob  must  be 
capped  by  the  Proctor  sandstone  group. 


DODDRIDGE  COUNTY  SECTIONS, 
DUNKARD  SERIES. 

Several  sections  of  the  Dunkard  series  in  Doddridge 
county  are  given  in  Chapter  IV  of  this  report.  In  addition 
several  scattered  sections  of  this  group  of  rocks  will  now  be 
given. 

The  following  section  was  measured  by  D.  B.  Reger 
southeast  along  the  hill  road  on  the  head  of  a branch  of 
Broad  run. 


Section  Two  Miles  North  of  Ashley,  McClellan  District. 


Thickness. 

Feet. 

Concealed  from  summit  of  high  knob  (base, 

1246'  L-A.  T.) 150 


Shale,  red 

Shale,  brown 

Sandstone  

Concealed  

Sandstone,  soft,  friable,  (Nineveh?) 

Concealed,  mostly  red  shale 

Sandstone,  flaggy,  soft,  brown,  micaceous. 

(Burton?)  

Sandstone,  shaly 

Sandstone,  red 

Sandstone,  shaly 

Shale,  red 

Sandstone,  shaly 

Shale,  red 

Sandstone,  shaly  (Fish  Creek) 


5 

20 

10 

5 

20 

60 

15 

5 

5 

15 

20 

5 

10 

10 


Total. 

Feet, 

' 150 
155 
175 
185 
190 
210 
270 

285 

290 

295 

810 

330 

335 

345 

355 


210' 

75' 


70' 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


13? 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Shale,  variegated 20  375 

Concealed  15  390 

Shale,  brown 15  405 

Sandstone,  fine,  green,  flaggy  (Jollytown) ...  10  415 

Concealed  5 420 

Coal  blossom,  streak,  (.lollytown?) 0 420  05' 

Shale,  green 2 422 

Concealed  .' 3 425 

Sandstone,  shaly  (Hundred?) 5 430 

Shale,  variegated  to  foot  of  hill  road 25  455  35' 


The  base  of  the  section  is  700  to  750  feet  above  the 
horizon  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed ; hence  the  formation  420 
feet  from  the  top  appears  to  correlate  with  the  Jollytown  coal 
horizon,  since  at  its  type  locality  the  latter  bed  comes  750  to 
775  feet  above  the  Pittsburgh  seam. 

The  following  very  interesting  section  was  measured  by 
D.  B.  Reger  with  aneroid  in  the  southeastern  corner  of 
McClellan  district  westward  from  the  summit  of  a high  knob 
and  along  the  public  road  leading  down  Elkhorn  run,  two 
miles  northeast  of  Cascara  P.  O. : 

Section  Two  Miles  Northeast  of  Cascara  P.  O., 
McClellan  District. 

Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 


Sandstone,  capping  knob,  coarse,  soft,  mica- 
ceous, brown  and  mottled  (Proctor)....  20  20 

Concealed  10  30 

Fire  clay,  (Windy  Gap  coal  horizon) 5 35  35' 

Concealed  15  50 

Sandstone,  fine  grained,  hard 10  60 

Shale,  red 5 65 

Sandstone,  very  fine  grained,  flaggy,  mica- 
ceous   25  90 

Concealed  and  red  shale 15  105 

Sandstone,  greenish  gray  and  flaggy 25  130 

Concealed  and  red  shale 20  150 

Sandstone,  buff,  friable  (Gilmore) 25  175 

Concealed  17  192  157' 

Fire  clay  (Gilmore  coal  horizon) 3 195 

Shale,  brown 20  215 

Sandstone  5 220 

Shale,  red 10  230 

Sandstone,  flaggy,  (Taylor) 20  250 

Shale,  red 10  260 

Sandstone  5 265 

Reds  and  concealed  to  road  at  low  gap 80  345 


138  STRATIGRAPHY THE  DUNKARD  SERIES. 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 

Sandstone,  green,  flaggy,  fine  grained  (Nin- 


eveh)   25  370  178' 

Concealed  45  415 

Sandstone,  hard,  micaceous,  green  and  fine..  5 420 

Shale,  gray  (plant  fossils,  mostly  ferns)....  1 421 

Concealed  29  450 

Sha’e,  red 10  460 

Concealed  and  brown  shale 30  490 

Sandstone,  hard,  green,  fine 5 495 

Shale,  brown 5 500 

Fire  clay,  streak 0 500 

Shale,  red 20  520 

Sandstone,  shaly 5 525 

Concealed  10  535 

Shale,  brown 10  545 

Sandstone,  flaggy  (Rush  Run) 50  595 

Coal  biossom  (1"),  Dunkard 0 595  225' 

Fire  clay,  yellow,  and  shale 5 600 

Shale,  red,  to  level  of  Jamison  Hutson  No. 

1 well  (43) < 30  630 

Interval  (calculated  from  w'ells  Nos.  21  and 

43)  390  1020 

Coal,  Waynesburg. 


The  section  reaches  30  feet  above  the  horizon  of  the 
Windy  Gap  coal,  the  latter  being  the  highest  known  bitumin- 
ous formation  yet  observed  in  the  Carboniferous  rocks  of  the 
Appalachian  area.  The  formation  595  feet  from  the  top 
comes  805  feet  above  the  Pittsburgh  coal,  which  interval 
checks  closely  for  the  horizon  of  the  Dunkard  coal  at  its  type 
locality.  The  section  lacks  140  feet  of  reaching  as  high  up 
in  the  Dunkard  series  as  the  high  knob  in  the  northwest 
corner  of  Harrison  county  on  which  the  E.  L.  Piggott  No.  1 
well  (321)  is  located.  However,  the  uppermost  formation 
appears  to  correlate  with  the  lower  ledge  of  the  Proctor  sand- 
stones. 

The  following  section  of  the  Dunkard  series  was  meas- 
ured with  aneroid  by  the  writer  northwest  along  the  hill  road 
to  Long  run  of  Arnolds  creek,  one-fourth  mile  southwest  of 
Orontes  P.  O. : 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


139 


Section  1.5  Miles  Northwest  of  Central  Station, 
Central  District. 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Concealed  from  top  of  knob 140  140 

Sandstone,  flaggy,  along  road  (Rush  Run)..  15  155 

Concealed  35  190 

Reds  5 195 

Sandstone,  shaly  (Jollytown) 20  215 

Reds  10  225  225' 

Fire  clay  shale  (Jollytown  coal  horizon  at 

top)  5 230 

Reds,  dark,  with  limestone  nuggets,  top 13  243 

Sandstone  2 245 

Shale,  red 22  267 

Sandstone,  shaly 3 270 

Shale,  red 25  295 

Fire  clay  and  red  shale 5 300 

Concealed  25  325 

Sandstone,  massive  (Upper  Marietta) 32  357  132' 

Concealed  3 360 

Shale,  dark  (6") 0 360 

Unrecorded  67  427 

Coal,  Washington  (Base  is  845'  L-A.  T.) 3 430  73' 

Interval  130  560  130' 

Coal,  Waynesburg. 


The  Washington  coal  bed  has  been  correctly  identified 
and  for  that  reason  the  formations  at  140',  225'  and  325'  from 
the  top  have  been  correlated  with  the  horizons  of  the  Rush 
Run  sandstone,  Jollytown  coal,  and  Upper  Marietta  sandstone, 
respectively. 

The  following  section  of  the  Dunkard  series  was  meas- 
ured with  aneroid  by  the  writer  in  the  extreme  southern  point 
of  New  Milton  district  northward  along  the  hill  road  leading 
down  a branch  of  Roberts  fork  of  Little  Indian  fork,  two 
miles  southwest  of  Coldwater  P.  O.: 


Section  Two  Miles  Southwest  of  Coldwater  P.  O., 
New  Milton  District. 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 

Concea^d  from  summit  of  high  knob  on 


west  100  100 

Sandstone,  coarse,  brown,  flaggy  (Jollytown)  40  140 

Concealed,  most’y  sandstone 10  150 

Shale,  red  and  concealed 10  160 

Sandstone  20  180 

Shale,  red 5 185 

Sandstone,  forms  steep  bluff  (Hundred)....  35  220 


140 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  DUNKARD  SERIES. 


Thickness.  Total. 


Concealed  

Sandstone  

Concealed  

Shale,  red 

Feet. 

5 

Feet. 

260 

275 

320 

325 

Sandstone,  Lower  Marietta 

345 

Shale,  red 

350 

Concealed  

377 

Coal,  Washington 

3 

380 

Interval  

Coal,  Waynesburg. 

130 

510 

130' 

The  heavy  sandstone,  240 

feet  above  the 

base  of 

the 

Washington  coal,  appears  to  correlate  with  the  Jollytown 
ledge  which  has  a tendency  to  become  quite  massive  south- 
westward  from  Greene  county,  Penna. 

The  following  section  of  the  Dunkard  series  was  meas- 
ured with  aneroid  by  the  writer  in  the  east  end  of  Greenbrier 
district  northward  along  the  hill  road,  three-fourths  mile 
southwest  from  Big  Isaac : 


Section  Three-fourths  Mile  Southwest  of  Big  Isaac, 
Greenbrier  District. 

Thickness.  Total'. 
Feet.  Feet. 

Concealed  and  sandstone  from  summit  of 


high  knob 145  145 

Fire  clay  and  huff  sha^ 15  160 

Sandstone,  forms  bluff,  Lower  Marietta 15  175 

Concealed  20  195 

Coal  blossom,  Washington 0 195 

Concealed  and  shale 30  225 

Sandstone,  massive,  coarse  brown,  Manning- 

ton  40  265 

Fire  clay,  (Waynesburg  “A”  coal  horizon) . . 0 265 

Concealed  and  sandstone,  Waynesburg 45  310 

Shale,  sandy,  Cassville 5 315 

Coal,  Waynesburg. 


195' 


120' 


HARRISON  COUNTY  SECTIONS,  DUNKARD  SERIES. 

The  following  section  of  the  Dunkard  series  was  ob- 
tained in  the  extreme  northwest  corner  of  Harrison  county 
by  combining  the  log  of  the  E.  L.  Piggott  No.  1 well  (321) 
as  furnished  by  the  Southern  Oil  Company  with  a hand-level 
section  measured  by  the  writer.  In  this  well  the  top  of  the 
Pittsburgh  coal  was  encountered  at  1498  feet,  the  greatest 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


141 


depth  to  this  horizon  of  any  well  yet  reported  to  the  State 
Geological  Survey  office.  The  thickness  of  the  Monongahela 
series  there  should  be  about  390  feet ; hence,  the  base  of  the 
Dunkard  series  should  occur  at  a depth  of  1115  feet: 

Section  One-half  Mile  Northwest  of  Alliance  P.  O., 
Sardis  District. 

Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

Coucealed,  mostly  sandstone  (Proctor),  cap- 
ping knob  to  E.  L.  Piggott  No.  1 well 

(321)  45  45 

(E.  L.  Piggott  No.  1 Well  Log  (321)  ) 

Unrecorded  1115  1160 

Waynesburg  coal  horizon. 

The  above  (1160  feet)  is  the  greatest  thickness  reached 
by  the  Dunkard  series  in  the  two  counties,  and  lacks  only  20 
feet  of  being  as  great  as  yet  recorded  for  these  measures  in 
the  State.  The  Steels  Run  section  of  Wetzel  county,  as  pub- 
lished by  the  writer  on  page  106  of  the  Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler 
report,  gives  the  series  a thickness  of  1180  feet. 

The  following  section  of  the  Dunkard  series  was  meas- 
ured with  aneroid  by  the  writer  in  the  northwestern  corner  of 
Eagle  district  northeastward  along  the  hill  road,  located  one 
mile  and  a half  southwest  of  Margaret  P.  O. : 


Section  1.5  Miles  Southwest  of  Margaret  P.  O., 
Eagle  District. 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 

Concealed  from  summit  of  knob  to  road  at 


low  gap  '(U.  S.  1323'  L-A.  T.) 200  200 

Concea’ed  along  road 50  250 

Sandstone,  shaly  (Burton) 20  270  270' 

Concealed  30  300 

Shale,  sandy 20  320 

Fire  clay  and  concealed 15  335 

Shale,  red 5 340 

Concealed  and  fire  clay 9.5  349.5 

Coal  (6"),  Fish  Creek 0.5  350  80' 

Fire  clay  shale 5 355 

Sandstone,  rounded 5 360 

Shale,  sandy 10  370 

Concealed  to  C.  L.  Starkey  No.  1 well  (541).  50  420 

Interval  386  806  456' 

Coal,  Waynesburg  horizon. 


142 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  DUNKARD  SERIES. 


According  to  the  log  of  the  C.  L.  Starkey  well  (541),  the 
Pittsburgh  coal  was  encountered  at  a depth  of  770  feet ; hence, 
the  formation  3495'  from  the  top  of  the  section  comes  840  to 
850  feet  above  that  coal,  and  most  probably  correlates  with 
the  Fish  Creek  coal.  The  basal  formation  was  not  recorded 
in  the  well,  but  its  horizon  was  determined  on  the  assump- 
tion of  a thickness  of  390  feet  for  the  Monongahela  measures 
for  this  region. 

The  following  section  of  the  Dunkard  series  was  meas- 
ured by  D.  B.  Reger  in  the  western  part  of  Sardis  district 
with  aneroid  from  the  summit  of  a high  knob  on  the  head  of 
Rockcamp  run : 


Section  One  Mile  Northwest  of  Fonda, 
Sardis  District. 


Thickness.  Total. 


Sandstone,  buff,  coarse,  friable,  capping 
knob,  Lower  Proctor 

Sha’e,  brown 

Sandstone,  coarse  brown,  micaceous 

Concealed  

Sandstone,  brown 

Shale,  brown 

Sandstone,  brown,  micaceous 

Concealed  

Shale,  red 

Sandstone,  green 

Shale,  red 

Sandstone,  shaly 

Shale,  red 

Sandstone,  shaly 

Shale,  red 

Sandstone,  shaly 

Concealed  and  red  shale 

Sandstone,  shaly 

Concealed  and  red  shale 

Sandstone,  shaly 

Concealed  

Sandstone  

Shale,  brown 

Concealed  

Shale,  brown 

Concealed  to  Henry  Stewart  No.  1 well  (358) 
Interval  


Feet. 

Feet. 

65 

65 

15 

80 

25 

105 

5 

110 

25 

135 

5 

140 

15 

155 

5 

160 

20 

. 180 

5 

185 

5 

190 

15 

205 

15 

220 

5 

225 

10 

235 

10 

245 

20 

265 

10 

275 

20 

295 

15 

310 

5 

315 

5 

320 

15 

335 

75 

410 

20 

430 

25 

455 

570 

1025 

Waynesburg  coal  horizon. 


The  Survey  was  unable  to  obtain  the  log  of  the  Henry 
Stewart  No.  1 well  (358)  to  which  the  section  is  connected, 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


143 


but  the  horizon  of  the  basal  formation  is  estimated  from  the 
position  of  the  structure  contours  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed. 
The  well  mouth  is  1160'B — A.  T.  There  is  not  much  doubt 
but  that  the  great  sandstone  (formation  No.  1)  at  the  top 
of  the  section  correlates  with  one  of  the  Proctor  sandstones, 
probably  representing  the  lower  ledge  of  that  group. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  DUNKARD  FORMATIONS. 

The  several  formations  of  the  Dunkard  series  will  now 
be  described  in  detail,  and  for  comparative  purposes,  a brief 
account  will  be  given  of  other  type  formations  of  this  series 
that  appear  to  be  absent  in  the  area  under  discussion. 

The  Proctor  Sandstones. 

The  topmost  beds  of  the  Dunkard  series  so  far  as  known 
and  described,  consisting  of  sandy  beds  and  coarse,  brown, 
micaceous  and  friable  massive  sandstones  separated  by  red 
shales,  and  having  a total  thickness  of  about  150  feet,  have 
been  designated  by  the  writer3  the  Proctor  sandstones  from 
the  magisterial  district  of  that  name  in  north  central  Wetzel 
county,  West  Virginia,  in  which  they  crop  close  the  summit 
of  a high  knob  near  West  P.  O. 

In  the  area  under  discussion  their  crop  is  confined  to  the 
summits  of  a few  of  the  highest  knobs  along  the  Harrison- 
Wetzel  and  Harrison-Doddridge  county  lines.  The  sections 
given  for  Cascara  and  Fonda  (pages  137  and  142)  include  the 
basal  portion  of  the  Proctor  sandstone  group,  while  that  for 
Alliance  (page  141)  includes  almost  the  entire  series. 

The  Windy  Gap  Limestone. 

The  next  recognized  formation  of  the  series  in  descending 
order  is  the  Windy  Gap  limestone.  Its  horizon  is  immediately 
under  the  Proctor  sandstone  group.  It  was  so  named  by  I.  C. 
White4  from  its  ocurrence  near  Windy  Gap,  a “divide”  sepa- 


3.  MarshaTl-Wetzel  Tyler  Report,  p.  167;  1909. 

4.  Bull.  65,  p 30,  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey;  1891. 


1 44 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  DUNKARD  SERIES. 


rating  Laurel  branch  of  Fish  creek  from  Wheeling  creek, 
Springhill  township,  Greene  county,  Penna.,  where  it  is  dark 
bluish  . in  color,  weathering  to  a light  gray,  and  aggregates  8 
to  10  feet  in  thickness. 

The  only  place  in  the  area  that  the  horizon  of  the  Windy 
Gap  limestone  crops  is  along  the  dividing  ridge  between  the 
two  counties,  and  if  present  there,  the  ledge  is  effectually  con- 
cealed by  debris  at  all  points  visited.  In  Wetzel  county  it 
belongs  about  1300  feet  over  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed,  but  in 
Doddridge  and  Harrison  it  probably  comes  1350  to  1375  feet 
above  the  same  datum,  due  largely  to  the  increase  in  thick- 
ness of  the  Monongahela  series  in  this  region. 


The  Windy  Gap  Coal. 

The  Windy  Gap  coal  is  the  highest — geologically — known 
and  described  bituminous  formation  in  the  Appalachian  coal 
field  and  likewise  in  West  Virginia.  It  has  been  so  named 
by  I.  C.  White5  from  the  type  locality  of  the  Windy  Gap 
limestone  where  it  occurs  25  to  30  feet  below  the  latter 
stratum. 

The  crop  of  this  coal  bed  is  confined  to  practically  the 
same  area  in  the  two  counties  as  given  for  the  limestone 
above.  In  the  section  given  for  Cascara,  page  137,  the  forma- 
tion 30  feet  from  the  top  appears  to  correlate  with  the  Windy 
Gap  coal  horizon,  although  no  coal  was  observed  by  Mr. 
Reger  at  this  point.  The  sections  given  for  Alliance  and 
One  Mile  northwest  of  Fonda,  pages  141  and  142,  respect- 
ively, reach  above  the  horizon  of  this  bed,  yet  it  is  effectually 
concealed  at  the  former  place,  and  if  present  in  the  latter,  it 
belongs  in  the  concealed  interval  80  feet  from  the  top.  In  the 
Fonda  section  the  Windy  Gap  limestone  has  apparently  dis- 
appeared from  the  measures. 


5.  Bull.  65,  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  page  31;  1891. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


145 


The  Gilmore  Sandstone. 

The  Gilmore  sandstone  is  the  next  important  stratum  in 
descending  order  in  the  Dunkard  series  and  has  been  so 
designated  by  J.  J.  Stevenson  from  the  township  of  that  name 
in  Greene  county,  Penna.,  where  it  is  conspicuous  in  a long 
line  of  cliffs  near  the  summits  of  the  hills.  It  is  a massive 
bed  of  coarse,  yellowish  brown  sandstone,  whose  cliffs  are 
frequently  traversed  by  fissures  that  often  furnish  a refuge 
for  foxes,  and  for  that  reason  it  is  sometimes  called  the  “Fox 
Rocks”.  There  it  is  215  feet  above  the  Nineveh  coal  and  1190 
to  1200  feet  above  the  Pittsburgh  bed. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  the  crop  of  this  stratum 
is  confined  to  near  the  summits  of  the  high  hills  along  the 
axis  of  the  Burchfield  syncline  north  of  McElroy  creek,  and 
the  axis  of  the  Robinson  syncline  northward  from  the  latitude 
of  Salem,  where  it  frequently  forms  an  escarpment  around  the 
hill  sides.  In  the  Cascara  section,  page  137,  it  has  an  exposed 
thickness  of  25  feet  as  exhibited  by  the  formation  150  feet 
from  the  top,  coming  1225  feet  above  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed. 
No  quarries  on  this  stratum  were  seen. 

The  Gilmore  Coal. 

Immediately  at  the  base  of  the  Gilmore  sandstone  there 
sometimes  occurs  a thin  streak  of  coal  that  has  been  named 
by  the  writer6  the  Gilmore  from  its  association  with  the  sand- 
stone above.  Its  horizon  is  215  to  230  feet  over  the  Nineveh 
coal  and  1190  to  1210  feet  above  the  Pittsburgh  bed. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  the  crop  of  this  stratum 
is  confined  to  the  same  area  as  given  for  the  Gilmore  sand- 
stone above,  but  no  coal  was  observed  at  this  horizon  at  any 
point  in  the  two  counties.  The  section  given  for  Cascara, 
page  137,  records  3 feet  of  fire  clay  as  revealed  by  the  forma- 
tion 195  feet  from  the  top,  that  apparently  occurs  at  the 
horizon  of  the  Gilmore  coal,  coming  as  it  does  1205  feet  over 
the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed. 

6.  W.  Va.  God  Survey,  Marshall- Wetzel-Tyler  Report,  pp.  172-173; 
1909. 


146 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  DUNKARD  SERIES. 


The  Gilmore  Limestone. 

In  the  vicinity  of  Littleton  and  Uniontown,  Wetzel  county, 
and  near  Oak  Forest  M.  E.  church,  one-fourth . mile  east  of 
St.  Cloud,  Monongalia  county,  there  occurs  6 inches  to  1 foot 
of  dark  gray  and  slightly  silicious  limestone  that  has  been 
designated  the  Gilmore  by  the  writer7  from  its  association  with 
the  overlying  coal  and  sandstone.  It  was  not  observed  at  any 
point  in  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area,  but  its  horizon  crops 
over  the  same  area  as  that  outlined  for  the  sandstone  of  that 
name  above. 


The  Upper,  Middle  and  Lower  Rockport  Limestones. 

In  the  150  to  200  feet  of  measures  that  intervene  between 
the  Gilmore  Limestone  and  the  Nineveh  coal  there  some- 
times occurs  a series  of  limestone  ledges  that  have  been 
designated  by  the  writer  on  page  143  of  the  report  on  Wirt, 
Roane  and  Calhoun  counties,  the  Upper  Rockport,  Middle 
Rockport  and  Lower  Rockport,  from  their  fine  development 
near  the  village  of  Rockport  in  southern  Wood  county,  W. 
Va.  The  reader  is  referred  to  that  Report  for  their  descrip- 
tion, and  the  section  given  on  page  46. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  the  crop  of  the  horizon 
of  these  limestones  is  confined  to  the  high  hills  in  the  north- 
west portions  of  the  two  counties  along  the  axes  of  the 
Burchfield  and  Robinson  synclines.  There,  however,  they 
have  apparently  been  replaced  by  red  sandy  beds. 


The  Taylor  Sandstone. 

On  Taylor  run  in  Greene  county,  Penna.,  a very  persist- 
ent sandstone  occurs  in  the  Dunkard  series,  120  feet  below 
the  Gilmore  sandstone  and  70  feet  above  the  Nineveh  coal 


7.  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey,  Marshall  W 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


147 


bed,  that  has  been  designated  by  the  writer5  the  Taylor  from 
that  locality. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  its  crop  is  confined  to 
the  dividing  ridge  between  the  waters  of  Middle  Island  creek 
and  West  Fork  river  northward  from  the  latitude  of  Salem, 
along  the  axis  of  the  Robinson  syncline.  Likewise  along 
the  axis  of  the  Burchfield  syncline  northward  from  McElroy 
creek.  In  the  Cascara  section,  page  137,  this  stratum  is 
evidently  represented  by  the  formation  230  feet  from  the 
top.  There  it  is  20  feet  thick  and  flaggy,  coming  1150  feet 
above  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed.  No  quarries  were  noted  at 
this  horizon. 

The  Nineveh  Sandstone. 

At  40  to  50  feet  below  the  Taylor  another  great  sand- 
stone that  has  a wide  persistence  comes  into  the  measures. 
It  has  been  designated  the  Nineveh  sandstone  by  I.  C.  White 
from  its  development  a few  feet  above  a coal  of  that  name 
near  the  village  of  Nineveh,  Greene  county,  Penna. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  its  crop  is  confined  to 
the  high  hills  along  the  Burchfield  and  Robinson  synclinal 
basins.  It  is  apparently  this  stratum  that  forms  the  great 
clififs  and  “Devil's  Tea  Table”  rock  one-half  mile  southwest 
of  the  low  gap  traversed  by  the  Northwestern  turnpike,  1^4 
miles  southeast  of  Greenwood.  There  it  is  40  feet  thick, 
coarse,  and  brown  with  small  pebbles  of  limestone,  to  1 
inch  in  diameter,  scattered  throughout,  and  comes  450  feet 
above  the  Washington  coal. 

No  quarries  were  observed  at  this  horizon. 

The  Nineveh  Coal. 

A short  distance,  5 to  20  feet,  below  the  base  of  the 
Nineveh  sandstone  there  frequently  occurs  a thin  coal  bed 
in  northern  West  Virginia,  that  has  been  designated  the 
Nineveh  coal  by  J.  J.  Stevenson  from  a village  of  that  name 


8.  Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler  Rept.,  W.  Va.,  Geol.  Survey,  page  173; 
1909. 


I48  STRATIGRAPHY THE  DUNKARD  SERIES. 

in  Greene  county,  Penna.,  near  which  place  it  crops  to  the 
surface.  In  eastern  Wetzel  county  its  horizon  is  325  feet 
below  the  Windy  Gap  coal  and  990  to  1000  feet  over  the 
Pittsburgh  coal. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  this  coal  appears  to  be 
absent  from  the  measures,  since  no  coal  was  observed  at  or 
close  to  its  horizon  in  the  two  counties.  In  the  Cascara  sec- 
tion, page  137,.  its  horizon  belongs  in  the  concealed  interval 
at  421  to  450  feet  from  the  top.  Its  crop  is  confined  to  the 
same  area  as  outlined  for  the  Nineveh  sandstone. 

The  Nineveh  Limestone  of  Stevenson  was  not  observed 
in  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area,  since  its  horizon  was 
effectually  concealed  by  debris  at  all  points  visited  while  in 
the  field. 

The  Burton  Sandstone. 

In  the  northern  end  of  the  State  there  occurs  a very 
persistent  stratum  that  has  been  designated  the  Burton  sand- 
stone by  the  writer9  from  a town  of  that  name  in  north- 
eastern Wetzel  county  near  which  place  it  is  a prominent 
topographical  feature. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  this  sandstone  often 
forms  an  escarpment  around  the  hillsides  along  the  axes  of 
the  Burchfield  and  Robinson  synclines.  In  the  section  given 
for  Margaret  in  the  northwestern  corner  of  Harrison,  page 
141,  the  formation  250  feet  from  the  top  apparently  correlates 
with  the  Burton  sandstone,  coming  as  it  does  80  feet  over 
the  Fish  Creek  coal,  and  920  to  930  feet  above  the  Pittsburgh 
coal.  No  quarries  were  observed  in  this  stratum. 

The  Hostetter  coal  bed,  6 to  18  inches  in  thickness,  comes 
immediately  at  the  base  of  the  Burton  sandstone,  near 
Burton,  Wetzel  county,  W.  Va.,  but  no  coal  was  observed 
at  this  horizon  in  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area.  The  thin 
coals  of  the  Dunkard  series  mostly  disappear  southwestward 
from  Monongalia  and  Wetzel  counties,  or  if  present,  their 
horizons  are  effectually  concealed  by  debris. 


9.  Marsliall-Wetfcel-Tyler  Report,  W.  Va.,  Geol.  Survey,  page  145; 
1909. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


149 


The  Fish  Creek  Sandstone. 

In  southwestern  Greene  county,  Penna.,  and  north- 
eastern Wetzel  county,  W.  Va.,  there  occurs  a widely  per- 
sistent massive  sandstone,  40  to  50  feet  below  the  Hostetter 
coal  and  840  to  850  feet  above  the  Pittsburgh  bed,  that  has 
been  designated  the  Fish  Creek  sandstone  by  J.  J.  Stevenson 
from  its  crop  in  a great  cliff  near  Deep  Valley,  Springhill 
township,  Greene  county,  Penna.  A detailed  description  of 
this  stratum  is  given  by  the  writer  on  pages  185-187  and 
593-594  of  the  Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler  report  of  the  W.  Va. 
Geological  Survey. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  the  crop  of  this  stratum 
is  confined  to  the  hills  and  ridges  in  the  deep  Burchfield  and 
Robinson  structural  basins,  along  which  it  frequently  forms 
a prominent  escarpment.  No  quarries  on  this  sandstone 
were  noted. 

The  Fish  Creek  Coal. 

Immediately  at  the  base  of  the  great  Fish  Creek  sand- 
stone in  the  vicinity  of  Littleton,  Wetzel  county,  W.  Va., 
there  occurs  a double  bedded  coal  seam,  that  has  been  desig- 
nated by  the  writer11  the  Fish  Creek  coal  from  a stream  of 
that  name  on  which  it  has  been  mined  both  at  Littleton  and 
near  Deep  Valley,  Greene  county,  Penna.  It  was  formerly 
correlated  with  the  Dunkard  coal,  45  to  50  feet  lower  in  the 
measures,  but  for  reasons  that  will  appear  in  the  reference 
at  the  bottom  of  this  page,  it  has  been  shown  to  represent  a 
separate  and  distinct  coal  bed. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  it  crops  around  the  hill- 
sides in  the  Burchfield  and  Robinson  synclines,  but  passes 
below  drainage  in  the  northwestern  corner  of  Harrison 
county  near  Rinehart  station.  One-half  mile  southeast  of 
the  latter  place,  and  along  the  east  edge  of  the  public  high- 
way, the  following  section  of  the  Fish  Creek  coal  was  meas- 
ured by  the  writer: 


11.  Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler  Rept.,  W.  Va.  Geol.  Sur.,  pp.  187-191; 
1909. 


150  STRATIGRAPHY THE  DUNKARD  SERIES. 

Feet.  Inches. 

1.  Sandstone,  massive,  Fish  Creek 30  0 


2.  Shale,  buff 2 0 

3.  Shale,  dark 0'  1"  ] 

4.  Shale,  soft  gray...  1 3 | 

5.  Shale,  dark 0 1 {-Fish  Creek...  4 1 

6.  Shale,  soft  gray...l  8 | 

7.  Coal  1 0 J 


8.  Fire  clay  and  concealed  to  creek  level.  8 0 

Formations  Nos.  3-6  inclusive  may  not  really  be  a part 
of  this  coal  bed.  In  the  southern  portion  of  New  Milton 
district,  Doddridge  county,  one  foot  of  dark  shale  and  fire 
clay  crops  along  the  hill  road  slightly  over  a mile  due  south 
of  May  P.  O.  that  appears  to  correlate  with  the  Fish  Creek 
coal,  coming  as  it  does  at  the  base  of  a heavy  sandstone  and 
about  860  feet  above  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed. 

The  Rush  Run  Sandstone. 

At  20  to  30  feet  under  the  Fish  Creek  coal  there  occurs 
a persistent  stratum  in  western  Monongalia  and  northeast- 
ern Wetzel  counties  that  has  been  designated  the  Rush  Run 
sandstone  by  the  writer12  from  a stream  of  that  name  near 
Hundred,  Wetzel  county,  along  which  it  crops  and  forms  a 
prominent  bluff.  It  was  formerly  correlated  with  the  Fish 
Creek  ledge,  20  to  30  feet  higher  in  the  measures,  but  was 
found  to  represent  a separate  and  distinct  ledge  as  will  appear 
on  pages  185-187  and  191-192  of  the  reference  quoted  in  foot 
note  No.  12. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  the  crop  of  the  Rush 
Run  sandstone  is  confined  to  the  hills  in  the  Burchfield  and 
Robinson  synclines.  In  western  Doddridge,  the  section 
given  for  Central  Station,  page  139,  exhibit  this  stratum 
15  feet  in  thickness,  272  feet  above  the  Washington  coal  bed. 
In  the  eastern  portion  of  the  county,  the  Cascara  section, 
page  137,  gives  this  sandstone  a thickness  of  50  feet,  805  feet 
above  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed.  No  quarries  on  it  were  seen 
in  either  county. 


/ 

12.  Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler  Rept.,  W.  Va.,  Geol.  Survey,  pp.  191- 
192;  1909. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  151 

The  Dunkard  Coal. 

From  a few  inches  to  20  feet  below  the  Rush  Run  sand- 
stone in  eastern  Wetzel  and  western  Monongalia  counties 
there  occurs  a double  bedded  coal  that  has  been  designated 
the  Dunkard  by  J.  J.  Stevenson  from  a stream  of  that  name 
along  which  it  crops  in  Greene  county,  Penna.  There  it 
comes  800  feet  above  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed,  according  to 
the  log  of  the  Frederick  H.  Hennen  gas  well,  one  mile  west 
of  Hero  P.  O. 

This  coal  was  noted  at  only  one  point  in  the  Doddridge- 
Harrison  area.  The  Cascara  section,  page  137,  calls  for  one 
inch  of  this  bed,  805  feet  above  the  Pittsburgh  coal.  At 
several  other  points  in  the  area  it  is  represented  by  only  a 
streak  of  fire  clay  at  that  horizon. 

The  Jollytown  Sandstone. 

In  the  40  to  50  feet  of  measures  that  intervene  between 
the  Dunkard  coal  and  the  Jollytown  bed  next  below  there 
frequently  occurs  a massive  sandstone  at  only  5 to  10  feet 
above  the  latter  coal.  This  stratum  has  been  designated  by 
J.  J.  Stevenson13  the  Jollytown  sandstone  from  its  associa- 
tion with  the  coal  of  that  name,  in  Fayette  county,  Pa.  It 
has  been  more  fully  described  near  the  type  locality  of  the 
Jollytown  coal  by  the  writer  on  pages  196-197  of  the 
Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler  Report  of  the  State  Survey.  On  the 
pages  mentioned  of  the  latter  report  the  writer  erroneously 
assumed  credit  for  naming  this  sandstone,  and  only  just 
recently  ascertained  the  mistake.  It  is  worth  mentioning, 
however,  that  Mr.  Stevenson  merely  notes  a sandstone  over- 
lying  the  Jollytown  coal  and  does  not  name  the  formation  in 
the  text,  but  refers  to  it  under  that  name  in  the  index  of  the 
report  only. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  its  crop  is  confined 
largely  to  the  hills  and  valleys  of  the  Burchfield  and  Robin- 
son structural  basins.  In  northern  Doddridge  it  is  noted  in 


13.  Report  KK,  pp.  226-227,  Sec.  Geol,  Survey  of  Pa. 


152 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  DUNKARD  SERIES. 


both  the  Ashley  and  Big  Battle  sections,  pages  136  and  74, 
where  it  has  a thickness  of  10  and  33  feet,  respectively.  It 
is  also  noted  in  the  sections  given  for  Central  Station  and 
Two  Miles  Southwest  of  Coldwater,  pages  139  and  139, 
where  it  has  a thickness  of  20  and  40  feet,  coming  215  and 
240  feet  above  the  base  of  the  Washington  coal,  respectively. 
No  quarries  on  it  were  observed  in  the  area. 

The  Jollytown  Coal. 

At  40  to  50  feet  below  the  Dunkard  coal  in  southwestern 
Pennsylvania  and  northern  West  Virginia,  there  occurs 
another  bed  that  has  been  designated  the  Jollytown  coal  by 
J.  J.  Stevenson  from  its  outcrop  in  a village  of  that  name  in 
Greene  county,  Penna. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  the  crop  of  the  coal  is 
confined  to  practically  the  same  region  as  outlined  for  the 
Jollytown  sandstone.  The  writer  measured  the  following 
section  at  an  exposure  of  this  bed  on  Middle  fork  of  Little 
Tenmile  creek,  three-fourths  mile  northwest  from  Wallace: 

Feet.  Inches. 


1. 

Sandstone,  shaly, 

Jollytown. . ... 

2. 

Shale,  sandy 

3. 

Shale,  dark 

..r  o"( 

4. 

Coal  

, .0  8 j 

5. 

Fire  clay. 

There,  according  to  the  log  of  the  L.  E.  Bartlett  No.  1 
well  (342),  it  comes  about  800  feet  above  the  Pittsburgh  coal 
bed,  and,  since  the  latter  interval  is  slightly  excessive,  the 
coal  of  the  section  may  possibly  represent  the  Dunkard  seam. 
It  does  not  attain  minable  thickness  within  the  area  under 
discussion;  hence,  the  bed  has  no  economic  value. 

The  Upper  Washington  Limestone,  coming  from  a few 
inches  to  5 feet  under  the  Jollytown  coal  in  western  Monon- 
galia and  eastern  Wetzel  counties,  and  2 to  5 feet  in  thick- 
ness, was  not  seen  in  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area,  this  lime- 
stone having  apparently  been  replaced  by  sandy  beds  and 
shales. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


153 


The  Hundred  Sandstone. 

At  10  to  15  feet  under  the  Jollytown  coal  in  eastern 
Wetzel  county  there  occurs  a massive  sandstone,  25  to  30 
feet  thick,  that  has  been  quarried  for  building  purposes  2 
miles  west  from  Hundred  from  which  place  it  has  been 
named  the  Hundred  sandstone  by  the  writer.14. 

The  Hundred  sandstone  crops  over  most  of  the  area  of 
Doddridge  and  the  western  part  of  Harrison.  In  the  section 
given  for  West  Union,  page  79,  with  the  included  reds  it 
has  a thickness  of  35  feet,  coming  175  feet  above  the  Wash- 
ington coal  and  706  feet,  above  the  Pittsburgh  bed.  In 
southern  Doddridge,  the  Grove  and  Two  Miles  Southwest 
of  Coldwater  sections,  pages  84  and  139,  give  this  stratum 
a thickness  of  20  feet,  160  and  140  feet  above  the  base  of  the 
Washington  coal  bed,  respectively.  There  is  some  doubt, 
however,  as  to  the  correlation  of  this  stratum  in  the  latter 
section  as  mentioned  therewith.  No  quarries  in  this  stratum 
were  seen  in  either  county. 

The  Hundred  coal  disappears  southwestward  from 
Wetzel  county,  since  no  coal  was  observed  at  this  horizon 
in  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area. 

The  Upper  Marietta  Sandstone. 

In  the  northern  end  of  the  State  the  interval  between  the 
Hundred  sandstone  and  the  Washington  coal  is  nearly 
always  occupied  by  two  great  sandstone  ledges  (Upper  and 
Lower)  that  were  named  in  early  reports  the  Marietta  sand- 
stones from  their  occurrence  near  Marietta,  Ohio,  where 
they  along  with  the  Hundred  sandstone  have  been  quarried 
for  grindstones15. 

In  Doddridge  county  this  rock  is  a very  prominent 
topographic  feature  and  forms  escarpments  around  the  hill 
sides  over  most  of  its  area.  It  has  a thickness  ranging  from 


14.  Marshall-Wetzel-Tyier  Rept.,  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey,  pp.  214-215; 
1909. 

15.  Wirt-Roane-Calhoun  Rept.  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey,  p.  131;  1911. 


154 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  DUNKARD  SERIES. 


25  to  50  feet  and  occurs  100  to  125  feet  above  the  base  of 
the  Washington  coal  bed.  Its  thickness  and  relative  position 
to  other  strata  in  this  county  is  exhibited  in  the  sections  for 
Sedalia,  Numan,  West  Union,  Glenwood,  Grove,  St.  Clara, 
and  Coldwater,  published  on  preceding  pages  of  this  report. 
It  is  the  stratum  that  forms  the  cliff  on  the  head  of  Franks 
run  of  McElroy  creek  near  the  Chas.  Edgell  No.  1 well  (57). 
There,  according  to  D.  B.  Reger,  it  is  30  feet  thick  and  its 
base  has  an  elevation  of  945  feet  above  tide.  It  also  forms 
the  cliffs  30  feet  high  along  the  public  road,  one  mile  and  a 
quarter  due  north  of  Ashley  P.  O.  In  the  southern  edge  of 
New  Milton  district,  the  Upper-  Marietta  sandstone  forms 
cliffs  50  feet  high  on  the  head  of  Brushy  fork  of  Meathouse 
fork,  one-half  mile  southwest  from  May  P.  O.  There  its  base 
has  an  elevation  of  slightly  over  1000  feet  above  tide. 

The  sandstone  has  been  quarried  for  steps,  chimneys, 
etc.,  for  local  supply  on  the  north  side  of  the  public  road, 
one-half  mile  east  of  Grove  P.  O.,  where  its  base  has  an 
elevation  of  slightly  over  1100  feet  above  tide,  and  its  thick- 
ness ranges  from  40  to  50  feet. 

In  Harrison  county  the  crop  of  the  Upper  Marietta  sand- 
stone is  confined  to  a belt  running  northeast  and  southwest 
along  the  western  flank  of  the  Wolf  Summit  anticline,  pass- 
ing between  Wallace  and  Brown  on  the  W.  Va.  Short  Line 
Branch  of  the  B.  & O.  Railroad;  and  to  another  belt  along 
the  Harrison-Marion  county  line  from  Margaret  P.  O.  east- 
ward to  near  the  longitude  of  Pine  Bluff  on  Bingamon  creek. 
The  sections  for  Brown  and  Deweytown,  pages  90  and  97, 
exhibit  its  thickness  and  relative  position  to  other  formations 
of  the  Dunkard  series.  At  the  latter  place  it  is  somewhat 
shaly,  44  feet  in  thickness  and  115  feet  above  the  base  of  the 
Washington  coal. 

The  Washington  “A”  Coal. 

From  a few  inches  to  10  feet  below  the  base  of  the 
Upper  Marietta  sandstone  and  70  to  80  feet  above  the 
Washington  coal  there  occurs  a fairly  persistent  but  very 
impure  coal  in  the  northern  tier  of  counties  of  the  State 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


155 


that  has  been  designated  the  Washington  “A”.  I.  C.  White 
gives  the  following  account  of  this  bed  on  page  35  of  Bulletin 
No.  65  of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey: 

“At  70  to  80  feet  above  the  Washington  coal,  there  occurs  a bed 
of  impure  coal  and  coaly  shale  which  is  often  present  in  the  section 
along  Dunkard  creek.  Sometimes  the  entire  bed  is  4 to  5 feet 
thick,  but  little  of  it  is  ever  merchantable  coal,  being  seldom  more 
than  bituminous  slate.  It  is  well  exposed  in  the  hills  about  Blacks- 
ville  and  Brownsville,  and  there  contains  many  bivalve  crustaceans.” 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  the  Washington  “A” 
coal  is  nearly  always  represented  by  a thin  streak  of  black 
slate,  or  more  often  fire  clay  shale,  and  at  only  one  point  in 
the  two  counties  was  actual  coal  observed  at  this  horizon. 
This  was  along  the  public  road  on  Leason  run  of  Cabin  run 
in  western  Doddridge,  one  mile  due  north  of  Joy  P.  O.  There 
the  Washington  “A”  is  represented  by  4 inches  of  slaty  coal, 
and  comes,  according  to  the  Greenwood  section,  page  80, 
for  this  region,  130  feet  above  the  Washington  bed. 

The  Creston  Red  Shale. 

In  Wirt,  Roane  and  Calhoun  counties  40  to  60  feet  of 
dark  red  shales  with  limestone  nuggets  scattered  throughout 
separate  the  Upper  and  Lower  Marietta  sandstones.  The 
writer  designated  this  formation  the  Creston  Red  Shale  on 
page  154  of  the  detailed  report  of  the  latter  counties  from  its 
fine  development  on  the  Creston  Flats,  one  mile  east  from 
Creston,  Wirt  county. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  its  thickness  and  relative 
position  in  the  Marietta  sandstone  group  are  well  exhibited  in 
the  sections  for  Sedalia,  West  Union,  Greenwood,  St.  Clara 
and  Deweytown  on  pages  70,  79,  80,  85,  and  97,  respec- 
tively. Frequently  a massive  sandstone,  20  to  30  feet  in  thick- 
ness, is  included  within  the  Creston  shale  as  appears  in  the 
Greenwood  section.  There  the  writer  has  designated  this 
stratum  the  Middle  Marietta  sandstone  from  its  position  be- 
tween the  Upper  and  Lower  Marietta  ledges.  It  is  not  gen- 
erally persistent  and  for  that  reason  has  nob  been  described 
under  a separate  heading.  In  western  and  southeastern  Dod- 


156  STRATIGRAPHY THE  DUNKARD  SERIES. 

dridge  the  Creston  red  shale  is  found  cropping  immediately 
below  the  Upper  Marietta  sandstone,  and  adds  greatly  to  the 
fertility  of  the  soil.  In  northern  Harrison  these  reds  are 
replaced  more  or  less  by  sandy  shales  and  thin  sandstones. 

The  Middle  Washington  limestone  of  Stevenson16  at  35 
to  40  feet  below  the  Washington  “A”  coal  and  40  to  50 
feet  above  the  Washington  coal,  is  not  present  in  the 
Doddridge-Harrison  area,  it  having  apparently  been  replaced 
entirely  by  the  Creston  red  shale,  since  nothing  approaching 
a hard  lime  formation  was  observed  at  this  horizon  in  either 
county. 

The  Lower  Marietta  Sandstone. 

Immediately  under  the  Middle  Washington  limestone 
and  2 to  5 feet  over  the  Washington  coal  bed  there  occurs  a 
massive  arenaceous  stratum  that  has  been  designated  by  the 
writer17  the  Lower  Marietta  Sandstone.  Its  relative  position 
to  the  other  formations  of  the  Dunkard  series  at  its  type  lo- 
cality is  exhibited  in  both  the  Steelton  section,  page  130,  and 
the  Marietta,  Ohio,  section  on  page  131  of  the  Wirt-Roane- 
Calhoun  report  of  the  State  Survey.  There  it  is  a bluish 
igray,  medium  grained  and  micaceous  sandstone,  ranging 
from  20  to  30  feet  in  thickness. 

Its  thickness  and  position  in  the  rock  column  in  the 
Doddridge-Harrison  area  is  exhibited  in  the  sections  for  Se- 
dalia,  Numan,  Greenwood,  Kelly,  St.  Clara,  Coldwater  and 
Deweytown.  The  Lower  Marietta  sandstone  forms  cliffs  and 
steep  slopes  immediately  over  the  Washington  coal  bed 
wherever  the  latter  crops  in  the  two  counties.  It  is  this  stra- 
tum that  is  the  prominent  cliff  maker  southeastward  up  Meat- 
house  fork  from  New  Milton,  coming  there  immediately  over 
the  Washington  coal  which  has  been  opened  by  the  farmers 
at  many  points  for  domestic  fuel. 

The  Lower  Washington  Limestone  of  Stevenson18  is  en- 

16.  Sec.  Geol.  Survey  of  Penna.,  Vol  K,  p.  49;  1875. 

17.  Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler  Rept.  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey,  pp.  217-218; 
1909. 

18.  Second  Geol.  Survey  of  Penna.,  Vol.  K,  p.  50;  1875. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  157 

tirely  absent  at  all  places  where  its  horizon  was  observed  at 
exposures  in  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area. 

The  Washington  Coal. 

The  most  persistent  and  most  valuable  from  an  economic 
standpoint  of  any  bed  in  the  Dunkard  series  is  the  Washing- 
ton coal.  I.  C.  White19  first  described  this  coal  as  a multiple 
bedded  seam  with  the  only  pure  coal  in  its  basal  portion. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  the  Washington  coal 
maintains  the  same  characteristic  features,  in  that  the  purest 
and  best  portion  of  the  bed  is  at  the  bottom.  It  crops  in  the 
hills  over  a large  portion  of  Doddridge  and  the 
western  part  of  Harrison.  This  bed  was  used  largely 
in  the  field  as  a key  rock  in  determining  the  structure, 
and  in  the  chapter  on  that  subject,  page  51,  is  given 
a table  of  oil  and  gas  wells,  exhibiting  the  interval  in 
feet  between  the  Washington  and  Pittsburgh  coals. 
Hence,  the  crop  of  the  Washington  coal  is  outlined  on 
the  General  and  Economic  Geology  map  accompanying  this 
report  and  can  be  approximately  determined  where  it  occurs 
in  the  two  counties  by  adding  to  the  tidal  elevation  of  the 
Pittsburgh  coal  bed  the  interval  for  that  locality  between  the 
Washington  and  Pittsburgh  coals. 

Doddridge  County. — In  Doddridge  the  Washington  coal 
has  been  opened  by  farmers  and  mined  for  local  domestic 
fuel.  It  appears  to  be  quite  variable,  thinning  frequently  to 
only  a few  inches  of  black  slate,  and  again  thickening  up  to 
3 or  4 feet  in  a short  distance.  The  rapid  increase  in  the  utili- 
zation of  low  grade  coal  in  the  gas  producer  form  makes  this 
bed  quite  an  important  economic  resource  for  the  area  under 
discussion,  since  it  is  available  at  crop  over  a large  portion  of 
Doddridge  county.  Several  sections  and  a few  analyses  will 
now  be  given,  grouped  largely  by  magisterial  districts,  ex- 
hibiting the  thickness,  character,  and  and  quality  of  this  coal. 

Along  the  northwestern  border  of  McClellan  district,  D. 
B.  Reger  measured  the  following  section  at  an  exposure  of 


19.  Bulletin  No.  65,  p.  37,  U.  S.  Geological  Survey;  1891. 


158 


STRATIGRAPHY; — THE  DUNKARD  SERIES. 


the  Washington  coal  on  the  south  bank  of  McElroy  creek, 
one-fifth  mile  northeast  from  Eagle  Mills,  P.  O. : 

Feet.  Inches. 

Sandstone,  gray,  massive,  Lower  Marietta..  20  0 


Slate,  black... 

3 

Slate,  gray 

Coal,  slaty 

. .0' 

4"] 

0 

8 

Slate,  gray 

. .1 

3 [-Washington 

1 

11 

Coal,  good 

Shale,  yellow.. 

. .0 

4 J 

0 

Sandstone,  yellow  and  shaly 8 0 

(Elevation  of  coal  is  760'  A.  T.,  aneroid.) 

In  the  same  district,  two  miles  eastward  from  Eagle  Mills 
and  one  mile  southwest  of  Ashley  P.  O.,  the  following  sec- 
tion of  this  coal  was  measured  at  the  George  Heirs  opening 
on  Riggins  run  : 

Feet.  Inches. 


Slate,  black 

Coal,  slaty 0 3 

Slate,  black 0 10 

Coal,  slaty 0 2 

Slate,  gray 0 5 

Coal,  good,  17"  to 1 10 


Total 3 6 


(Elevation  is  820'  A.  T.  by  aneroid.) 


The  showing  there  is  better  than  at  Eagle  Mills.  About 
3 miles  northeast  from  the  George  Heirs  opening,  and  1.5 
miles  northwest  from  Centerpoint,  D.  B.  Reger  obtained  the 
following  section  at  an  exposure  of  the  Washington  coal  in 


the  public  road  on  Franks  run  near  the  Joseph  Underwood 
No.  1 well  (63)  : 


Feet. 

Slate,  black 1 

Coal,  good 1'  2" 

Slate,  black 1 6 

Slate,  gray 0 6 

Coal,  good 0 9 — 3 

Fire  clay  shale,  Washington 10 

Concealed  to  Franks  run 5 


(Elevation  of  coal,  830'  A.  T.  by  aneroid). 


Inches. 

0 


11 

0 

0 


There  the  thickest  and  best  portion  comes  at  the  top  ot 
the  bed  apparently,  which  is  just  the  reverse  of  what  usually 
happens  for  this  coal  seam. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


159 


At  the  northeast  edge  of  Centerpoint  the  Washington 
coal  was  once  opened,  according  to  D.  B.  Reger,  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  884  feet  above  tide,  spirit  level  measurement.  The 
opening  was  abandoned,  but  the  coal  is  reported  18  inches 
thick. 

About  23/2  miles  northeast  from  Centerpoint  the  coal  has 
been  opened  on  the  land  of  Josiah  Davisson  along  a small 
branch  of  Talkington  fork,  one-fourth  mile  north  of  the  Josiah 
Davisson  No.  1 well  (4).  The  coal  mined  there  was  utilized 
for  fuel  in  a local  school  house,  giving  fair  satisfaction.  The 
opening  had  fallen  shut  when  visited  by  the  writer,  but  Mr. 
Davisson  gives  the  following  section  for  the  bed  at  this  mine: 


Feet.  Inches. 


Coal,  upper  bench 1 6 

Slate,  dark  gray 0 5 

Coal,  better 1 0 


Total 2 11 


(Elevation  above  tide,  aneroid,  925'). 


In  the  northwestern  portion  of  Grant  district,  Doddridge 
county,  the  following  section  was  measured  at  an  exposure  of 
the  Washington  coal  on  the  east  side  of  Little  Flint  run  at 
Canton  P.  O. : 


Feet. 

Sandstone,  massive,  Lower  Marietta... 

Slate,  black 1 

Coal  0'  8 " 

Slate,  gray 0 2% 

Coal  0 0y2 

Slate,  gray 0.  2 

Coal,  slaty 0 5 

Slate,  gray 1 10 

Coal,  slaty 0 6 — 3 

Slate,  gray,  to  run 1 

(Elevation  of  coal,  805'  A.  T.,  spirit  level). 


Inches. 

3 


10 

0 


The  bed  is  quite  slaty,  and  worthless. 

Near  the  middle  of  the  northeast  boundary  line  of  Grant 
district  the  writer  obtained  a sample  for  analysis  and  the  fol- 
lowing section  at  the  J.  D.  Benedum  mine  in  the  Washington 
coal,  located  on  the  head  <5f  Righthand  fork  of  Flint  run,  1.5 
miles  east  of  Flint  P.  O. : 


i6o 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  DUNKARD  SERIES. 


J.  D.  Benedum  Mine,  No.  1 on  Map. 


Feet. 

1.  Concealed  

2.  Coal,  slaty 0'  1" 

3.  Shale,  sandy 7 0 

4.  Slate,  black 1 0 

5.  Coal,  slaty 0 5 

6.  Slate,  gray 0 3 

7.  Coal,  good 1 1 — 9 

8.  Fire  clay,  gray 1 

9.  Concealed  to  run 2 


(Elevation  of  coal,  965'  A.  T.,  aneroid). 


Inches. 


10 

6 

0 


The  sample  was  collected  from  the  bottom  coal  (No.  7) 
of  section,  the  composition  and  calorific  value  of  which  are 
reported  by  Prof.  Hite  as  follows : 


Proximate  Analysis. 

Percent. 


Moisture  1.58 

Volatile  Matter 33.82 

Fixed  Carbon 51.83 

Ash  12.77 


Total 100.00 

Sulphur  3.58 

Phosphorus  0.011 


Colorimeter  B.  T.  U 
Calculated  B.  T.  U 

Carbon. 

Fuel  ratio  == 

Oxygen  -f-  Ash 


Ultimate  Analysis. 


Percent. 

Carbon  

68.83 

Hydrogen  

4.81 

Oxygen  

9.08 

Nitrogen  

1.00 

Sulphur  

3.51 

Ash  

12.77 

Total 

100.00 

. 12,488 
.12,435 


68.83 


9.08  + 12.77 


= 3.15 


The  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio  agree  closely  with  re- 
sults obtained  for  the  same  bed  in  Roane  county. 

In  the  southern  portion  of  Grant  district,  D.  B.  Reger  ob- 
tained a sample  for  analysis  and  measured  the  following  sec- 
tion at  the  R.  M.  Orr  mine  in  the  Washington  coal,  located 
on  a branch  of  Buckeye  run,  one  mile  and  a half  due  north 
of  Long  Run  railroad  station : 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  l6l 

R.  M.  Orr  Mine,  No.  2 on  Map. 

Feet.  Inches. 

1.  Sandstone,  shaly,  Lower  Marietta 10  0 

2.  Slate,  black 5 C 

3.  Coal,  good O'  7" 

4.  Slate  0 1 

5.  Coal,  good 1 2 

6.  Slate  1 8 

7.  Coal,  good 1 0 — 4 6 

“Sample  from  Nos.  3 and  5 of  section.  No.  7 was  under  water. 

Mine  had  fallen  partially  shut  at  mouth.  Sample  taken  was  about  20 
feet  under  ground.  Used  for  domestic  fuel.  Elevation  of  coal,  1015' 
A.  T.  aneroid.” 


Prof.  Hite  reports  the  composition  and  calorific  value  of 
this  sample  as  follows : 


Proximate  Analysis. 


Ultimate  Analysis. 


Moisture  

Percent. 
1.66 

Carbon  

Percent. 
63.95 

Volatile  Matter. . . . 

34.36 

Hydrogen  

4.53 

Fixed  Carbon 

46.32 

Oxygen  

10.25 

Ash  

17.66 

Nitrogen  

1.11 

Total 

100.00 

Sulphur  

Ash  

2.50 

17.66 

Sulphur  

2.50 

Total 

100.00 

Phosphorus  

0.076 

Calorimeter  B.  T.  U... 
Calculated  B.  T.  U. .. . 

Carbon 

Fuel  ratio  = 


11,712 

11,418 


63.95 


Oxygen  -}-  Ash 


= 2.29 


10.25 


1766 


The  above  sample  represents  only  the  upper  bench  of 
this  coal  bed,  since  Mr.  Reger  was  unable  to  get  a sample 
from  No.  7 of  the  section.  The  low  B.  T.  U.  result  and  fuel 
ratio  as  compared  to  that  obtained  for  the  lower  bench  at  the 
J.  D.  Benedum  mine,  page  160,  just  about  expresses  the  rela- 
tive fuel  values  of  the  top  and  bottom  portions  of  this  coal. 

In  the  extreme  western  part  of  Greenbrier  district  the 
writer  measured  the  following  section  of  the  Washington  coal 
at  the  fork  of  the  second  class  road  on  Buffalo  fork,  0.9  mile 
southeast  from  Long  Run  railroad  station  : 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  DUNKARD  SERIES. 


l62 


Inches. 

10 

3 

2 


Feet. 

Concealed  and  dark  shale 

Coal,  slaty  1 

Slate,  gray  0 

Coal  1 


Total 


3 3 


The  coal  has  been  opened  by  farmers  at  several  points  in 
Central  district.  It  is  the  Washington  bed  that  is  mined 
where  the  Doddridge-Tyler  county  line  crosses  Mudlick  run 
of  Long  run,  one  mile  northwest  from  Orontes  P.  O.  There 
its  elevation  is  845  feet  above  tide  as  determined  with  aneroid. 

In  the  western  corner  of  Central  district,  Mr.  W.  F. 
Ellifritt  has  opened  the  Washington  coal  at  Greenwood  and 
mined  it  under  the  hill  a distance  of  80  feet.  He  reports  it 
18  inches  thick. 

One  mile  and  a quarter  south  of  Greenwood,  Chas.  Cald- 
well has  opened  the  Washington  coal  on  Gum  run  of  Cabin 
run  near  the  William  Flanagan  No.  1 well  (198)  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  855  feet  above  tide,  aneroid.  The  opening  had  fallen 
shut,  but  Mr.  Caldwell  reports  the  following  section : 

Feet.  Inches. 


Coal,  slaty  0 8 

Slate,  blue  and  gray 0 5 

Coal  1 10 


Total  2 11 


He  says  the  lower  bench  burns  up  well  and  leaves  a. 
fine  white  ash  like  wood.  Another  section  of  this  bed  was 
measured  three-fourths  mile  southward  in  the  edge  of  Ritchie 
and  1.5  miles  northwest  of  Joy  P.  O.  as  follows : 

Feet.  Inches. 

Coal,  slaty 0 4 

Shale,  gray 0 1 

Coal,  good 1 1 

Total 1 6 

These  sections  illustrate  how  both  benches  vary  in  thick- 
ness within  short  distances. 

About  6 miles  farther  southeastward  in  Southwest  dis- 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  163 

trict  the  Washington  coal  has  been  opened  on  the  land  of 
Morris  Gaston,  one-half  mile  north  of  Summers  P.  O.  at  an 
elevation  of  1095  feet  above  tide,  aneroid.  There  the  mine 
had  fallen  shut,  but  the  coal  is  reported  nearly  4 feet  thick. 

The  coal  had  been  opened  at  several  places  by  farmers  for 
local  domestic  fuel  in  Cove  district.  It  has  about  the  usual 
thickness  at  the  Haymond  Lowther  opening,  three-fourths 
mile  east  from  Grove.  There  the  coal  has  an  elevation  of 
980  feet  above  tide,  spirit  level.  Two  miles  southeast  of 
Grove  on  Rush  run,  the  Washington  coal  is  represented  by  3 
feet  of  black  slate. 

The  Washington  coal  probably  attains  its  best  develop- 
ment for  Doddridge  county  in  New  Milton  district.  The 
latter  area  is  traversed  in  a northeast-southwest  direction  by 
the  Robinson  synclirie,  and  this  fold  causes  the  coal  to  crop 
low  in  the  hills  over  a large  portion  of  New  Milton,  making 
it  convenient  for  mining  by  the  farmers.  The  following  sec- 
tion was  measured  at  an  opening  in  this  bed  on  the  H.  J. 
Bland  farm,  one  mile  and  a quarter  south,  5-10  degrees  east 
from  New  Milton  at  the  fork  of  the  second  class  road,  leading 
northeast  from  Meathouse  fork  of  Middle  Island  creek : 


Feet. 

Inches. 

Fire  clay  shale 

4 

0 

Slate,  black 

Coal,  slaty 

V 

1" 

2 

0 

Slate,  black 

2 

6 

Coal,  good 

6 

— 5 

1 

Fire  clay  shale. 

(Elevation,  865'  A.  T.,  hand  level). 

The  slate  separating  the  two  benches  is  thicker  here  than 
usual,  being  generally  less  than  1 foot. 

In  the  northwestern  portion  of  New  Milton  district  the 
following  section  was  measured  at  the  W.  R.  Walton  mine  on 
a branch  of  Toms  fork  £4  mile  northwest  from  Market  P.  O. : 


164 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  DUNKARD  SERIES. 


Feet. 

Inches. 

Slate,  black 

Coal,  slaty 

r 

0" 

2 

0 

Slate,  black 

5 

Coal,  slaty 

1 

2 

Slate,  gray 

3 

Coal,  good,  12"  to 

Fire  clay  sbale. 

1 

6 — 

4 

4 

(Elevation  of  coal,  930'  A.  T., 

aneroid). 

The  bottom  coal  has  a clean  bright  appearance. 


D.  B.  Reger  measured  the  following  section  at  an  expos- 
ure of  the  Washington  coal  in  the  road  a short  distance  east 
from  the  mouth  of  Wolfpen  run  of  Toms  fork,  one-half  mile 
southeast  from  Market  P.  O. : 


Feet. 


Concealed  . 
Slate,  black 


Coal,  slaty V 6" 

Shale,  gray 0 6 

Coal,  good 0 10  — 


Shale,  green 

Shale,  yellow 

(Elevation  of  coal,  878'  A.  T.,  hand  level). 


1 


2 

3 

5 


Inches. 

0 


10 

0 

0 


In  the  same  district,  nearly  a mile  southeast  of  Avon,  the 
following  section  was  measured  at  a mine  on  the  east  edge  of 
the  public  road  on  Indian  fork : 

Feet.  Inches. 

Shale,  sandy 6 0 

Coal  0'  4°]t_ 

Shale,  dark,  soft.. 4 10  ,, 

Coal  1 6 jl>ench  8 

Slate,  gray 0 2 

Coal,  good,  lower  bench 1 5 — 8 3 

Slate,  gray,  and  concealed 

(Elevation  of  coal,  975'  A.  T.,  aneroid). 

Here  the  middle  slate  of  the  upper  bench  of  the  W.  R. 
Walton  mine,  page  163,  has  thickened  from  5 inches  to  4 feet 
10  inches,  giving  the  bed  a total  section  of  8 feet  3 inches. 

In  the  extreme  southeastern  corner  of  New  Milton  dis- 
trict samples  of  both  benches  were  obtained  for  analysis,  and 
the  following  section  measured  at  a mine  on  the  land  of  D.  H. 
Nicholson,  near  the  Nicholson  No.  1 well  (277)  in  which  the 
Pittsburgh  coal  was  encountered  at  a depth  of  540  feet.  The 
Washington  coal  crops  23  feet  by  hand-level  above  the  well 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


165 

mouth,  making  the  Washington-Pittsburgh  coal  interval  563 
feet : 

D.  H.  Nicholson  Mine,  No.  3 on  Map. 

Feet.  Inches. 

1.  Slate,  black 2 0 

2.  Coal  1'  4" 

3.  Slate,  gray 0 1 

4.  Coal  1 5 — 2 10 

5.  Fire  clay 1 0 

6.  Concealed  to  Nicho’.son  well  (277) 22  0 

(Elevation  of  coal,  1040'  A.  T.,  aneroid). 

The  samples  were  collected  from  Nos.  2 and  4 of  the 
section.  Their  composition  and  calorific  value  are  reported 
as  follows  by  Prof.  Hite: 


Proximate  Analysis. 


Upper 

Lower 

Bench. 

Bench. 

Average. 

Percent. 

Percent. 

Percent. 

Moisture  

. . . 1.69 

1.44 

1.56 

Volatile  Matter 

...  36.48 

36.96 

36.72 

Fixed  Carbon 

. . . 49.20 

49.66 

49.43 

Ash  

. . . 12.63 

11.94 

12.29 

Total 

. . .100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

Sulphur  

. . . 3.95 

3.64 

3.795 

Phosphorus  

. . . 0.077 

0.018 

0.0475 

Ultimate  Analysis. 

Upper 

Lower 

Bench. 

Bench. 

Average. 

Percent. 

Percent. 

Percent. 

Carbon  

...  68.38 

68.02 

68.20 

Hydrogen  

. . . 4.68 

4.67 

4.68 

Oxygen  

. . . 9.39 

10.75 

10.07 

Nitrogen  

. . . 0.97 

0.98 

0.97 

Sulphur  

. . . 3.95 

3.64 

3.79 

Ash  

. . . 12.63 

11.94 

12.29 

Totals 

. . .100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

Upper 

Lower 

Bench. 

Bench. 

Average. 

Calorimeter  B.  T.  U 

. . .12,485 

12,542 

12,513 

Calculated  B.  T.  U 

. . .12,282 

12,105 

12,194 

Carbon 

Fuel  ratio  = 

= 3.10 

3.00 

3.05 

Oxygen  4.  Ash 

1 66 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  DUNKARD  SERIES. 


At  this  opening  the  upper  and  lower  benches  are  nearly 
on  an  equality,  as  is  revealed  by  the  calorimetric  tests  and  the 
fuel  ratio.  In  fact,  the  latter  slightly  favors  the  upper  bench. 
This  rarely  happens  with  the  Washington  bed.  Since  the 
parting  slate  at  this  mine  is  only  one  inch  in  thickness,  the 
coal  could  be  worked  to  advantage  as  compared  to  other  open- 
ings in  the  district.  The  results  above  given  show  this  bed 
to  be  a valuable  economic  resource  for  the  area. 

Harrison  County. — In  Harrison,  as  mentioned  on  a pre- 
ceding page,  the  crop  of  the  Washington  coal  in  confined  to 
the  western  portion  of  the  county,  or  rather  to  the  belt  on  the 
western  slope  of  the  Wolf  Summit  anticline  between  the  425 
and  the  900-foot  structure  contours  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal 
as  outlined  on  the  General  and  Economic  Geology  map  ac- 
companying this  report,  crossing  Eagle,  Sardis,  Tenmile  and 
Union  districts. 

In  the  extreme  northeast  corner  of  Eagle  district  this  coal 
crops  at  an  elevation  of  about  1450  feet  above  tide.  There  it 
is  about  3 feet  thick  and  of  fair  quality.  From  there  it  dips 
rapidly  westward  along  the  slope  of  the  Wolf  Summit,  anti- 
cline, and  passes  under  Bingamon  creek  a short  distance 
east  from  Margaret  P.  O. 

Along  the  northeast  border  of  Sardis  district  the  follow- 
ing section  was  measured  at  an  exposure  of  the  Washington 
coal  along  the  public  road  on  the  head  of  Laurel  run  of  Little 
Tenmile  creek,  2 miles  northeast  from,  Brown: 

Feet. 

Concealed  and  shale 9 

Coal,  slaty 1'  6" 

Slate,  gray 0 2 

Coal  : 0 6 

Shale,  gray 0 8 

Coal  1 0 — 3 

Fire  clay  shale 5 

Elevation  of  coal,  1145'  A.  T.,  aneroid. 

As  in  many  portions  of  Doddridge,  the  upper  bench  car- 
ries a parting  slate. 

About  two  miles  southwestward,  and  slightly  over  one 
mile  northwest  from  Brown,  the  following  section  was  meas- 
ured at  an  exposure  on  Little  Elk  creek: 


Inches. 

0 


10 

0 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


I67 


Feet. 


Concealed  

Shale,  dark 2 

Coal,  slaty 3'  0" 

Shale,  dark 1 3 

Coal  0 4 

Shale,  dark .1  6 

Coal,  slaty 0 10 

Coal,  slaty,  better 2 0 

Shale,  gray 0 9 

Coal,  good 0 10  — 10 

Fire  c'.ay  shale  to  Little  Elk  creek 1 

Elevation,  1005'  A.  T.,  aneroid. 


Inches. 

0 


6 

0 


This  section  contains  7 feet  of  all  kinds  of  coal,  the  great- 
est found  for  this  bed  in  either  county. 

Along  the  northeast  boundary  line  of  Tenmile  district 
and  one  mile  southwest  from  Olive  P.  O.,  D.  B.  Reger  reports 
the  Washington  coal  2 feet  thick,  slaty  and  having  an  eleva- 
tion of  1145  feet  above  tide,  aneroid.  From  there  the  bed 
dips  rapidly  westward  to  an  elevation  of  about  1045  feet  above 
tide  slightly  over  one-half  mile  distant  in  the  bed  of  a small 
branch  of  Grass  run.  At  this  place  Mr.  Reger  reports  it  3 feet 
thick  and  very  slaty. 

Near  the  central  portion  of  Tenmile  district  the  following 
section  was  measured  at  an  exposure  in  the  west  portal  of  the 
Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad  tunnel,  three  fourths  mile  east- 
ward from  Bristol : 


Bristol  Section,  Tenmile  District. 


Feet. 

Inches. 

Sandstone,  massive... 

. 15 

0 

Shale,  sandy 

4 

0 

Coal  

..0' 

4" 

Slate,  gray 

.0 

1 

Coal  

.0 

3 

Shale,  gray 

.5 

0 

Slate,  coal  streaks .... 

..4 

0 

Coal,  good 

..0 

7 

Slate,  b’.ack 

.0 

3 

Coal,  good 

.0 

5 

Slate,  gray 

.0 

11 

Coal,  good 

.0 

6 - 

- 12 

4 

Fire  clay  shale,  Washington 

..  11 

0 

Limestone,  gray  and  hard,  Bristol. 

..  4 

0 

Shale,  limy  to  railroad 

grade 

. 12 

0 

Elevation  of  coal,  1170' 

A.  T.,  aneroid. 

1 68  STRATIGRAPHY THE  DUNKARD  SERIES. 

The  section  contains  only  25  inches  of  coal  in  a total  of 
148  inches.  The  section  is  noteworthy  in  that  the  4 feet  of 
limestone  near  the  base  has  been  designated  the  Bristol  lime- 
stone by  the  writer  from  the  nearby  town. 

A further  discussion  of  the  character,  quality  and  probable 
available  area  of  the  Washington  coal  in  the  Doddridge-Har- 
rison  area  will  be  given  on  subsequent  pages  of  this  report  in 
the  chapter  on  the  coal  resources. 


The  Washington  Fire  Clay  Shale. 


Immediately  under  the  Washington  coal  in  Wirt,  Roane 
and  Calhoun  counties  there  occurs  a yellowish  green  and  im- 
pure fire  clay  shale  that  has  been  designated  the  Washington 
Fire  Clay  Shale  by  the  writer  from  its  association  with  the 
coal,  on  pages  163-164  of  the  detailed  geologic  report  of  that 
area.  The  following  analysis  is  published  therein  from  a sam- 
ple of  the  fire  clay  shale  collected  in  the  town  of  Spencer, 
Roane  county : 

Percent. 


Silica  (Si  02) 

Ferric  Iron  (Fe203) 
Alumina  (A1203) . . . 

Lime  (Ca  0) 

Magnesia  (Mg  0) . 

Potash  (K20) 

Soda  (Na20) 

Titanium  (Ti  02) . . 
Loss  on  ignition.. 


56.70 

2.18 

26.28 

1.04 

1.58 

3.01 

0.40 

0.78 

8.62 


Total 


100.59 


In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  this  same  fire  clay  shale 
accompanies  the  Washington  coal  wherever  its  crop  is  ex- 
posed, and  it  ranges  from  5 to  10  feet  in  thickness.  It  is  a 
great  aid  in  finding  the  crop  of  the  Washington  coal,  or  the 
horizon  of  the  latter  bed  when  concealed  by  debris. 


The  Bristol  Limestone. 


At  10  to  15  feet  below  the  Washington  coal  and  imme- 
diately at  the  base  of  the  Washington  fire  clay  shale,  there 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  1 69 

frequently  occurs  a limestone  from  6 inches  to  4 feet  in  thick- 
ness in  Doddridge  and  Harrison  counties.  The  Bristol  sec- 
tion, page  167,  exhibits  this  stratum  4 feet  thick,  11  feet  below 
the  Washington  coal.  There  it  attains  the  best  development 
observed  in  the  area  under  discussion,  and  for  that  reason 
the  writer  has  designated  it  the  Bristol  Limestone.  On  page 
164  of  the  Wirt-Roane-Calhoun  report  of  the  State  Survey, 
the  writer  mentions  this  limestone  as  occurring  at  the  base 
of  the  Washington  fire  clay  shale,  with  a thickness  of  8 to  10 
inches.  G.  P.  Grimsley  gives  the  following  account  of  a lime- 
stone coming  at  this  horizon  in  Ohio  county  on  page  67  of 
the  Ohio-Brooke-Hancock  county  report : 

“There  appears  to  be  a rather  persistent  limestone  just  below  the 
Washington  coal  in  Ohio  county.  This  limestone  is  one  to  eight  feet 
in  thickness.  In  some  sections  it  is  under  the  coal,  while  in  others  it 
is  separated  by  a few  feet  of  shales.  The  rock  is  blue  in  color  and 
usually  hard  and  compact,  but  in  one  or  two  places  it  was  nodular.” 

Hence,  it  follows  that  this  stratum  is  a fairly  persistent 
formation  of  the  Dunkard  series  and  is  worthy  of  a distinctive 
name. 

In'the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  this  limestone  rarely  at- 
tains one  foot  in  thickness,  outside  the  region  of  Bristol.  It 
has  a buff  color  and  very  often  a nodular  and  brecciated  form. 
It  is  generally  too  thin  and  irregular  to  be  considered  an 
economic  resource  for  the  area. 


• The  Washington  Sandstone. 


In  southwestern  Pennsylvania  and  in  Marshall  county, 
W.  Va.,  there  frequently  occurs  a flaggy  sandstone,  imme- 
diately under  the  Washington  coal.  I.  C.  White20  gives  the 
following  account  of  this  stratum : 

“Very  frequently  the  Washington  coal  rests  directly  upon  a flaggy 
sandstone,  often  finely  laminated,  brown,  micaceous,  and  containing 
vegetable  fragments  in  great  quantity. 

“This  stratum,  which  was  called  the  Washington  sandstone  by 
Professor  Stevenson,  occurs  over  a wide  area  in  Monongalia,  Greene 
and  Washington  counties,  but  is  not  persistent  very  far  south  of  the 
Pennsylvania  line.” 


20.  Bulletin  No.  65,  page  38,  U.  S.  G.  Survey;  1891. 


170  STRATIGRAPHY THE  DUNKARD  SERIES. 

The  Rosbys  Rock,  Marshall  County,  section21  by  the 
writer  reveals  this  stratum  only  6 feet  in  thickness,  imme- 
diately at  the  base  of  the  Washington  fire  clay  shale;  hence, 
the  position  given  in  the  list  of  the  known  and  described  for- 
mations of  the  Dunkard  series  is  most  probably  the  true  one* 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  this  sandstone  is  gener- 
ally represented  by  sandy  shales,  5 to  15  feet  in  thickness, 
immediately  overlying  the  Mannington  sandstone. 

The  Little  Washington  Coal. 

At  10  to  20  feet  under  the  Washington  coal  in  south- 
western Pennsylvania  and  in  Ohio  and  Marshall  counties, 
W.  Va.,  there  often  occurs  a thin  coal  bed  that  has  been  named 
by  J.  J.  Stevenson  from  its  association  with  the  Washington 
bed  above.  The  Rosbys  Rock  section,  page  86  of  the  Mar- 
shall-Wetzel-Tyler  report  of  the  State  Survey,  places  this  bed 
12  feet  below  the  Washington  coal  and  at  the  base  of  5 feet 
of  sandy  shale  that  really  belongs  to  the  Washington  sand- 
stone. The  coal  was  not  observed  at  the  many  exposures  of 
its  horizon  in  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area,  and  does  not 
seem  to  be  represented  in  that  region. 

The  Mannington  Sandstone. 

At  15  to  25  feet  below  the  Washington  coal  and  5 to  10 
feet  below  the  Bristol  limestone  in  several  of  the  south- 
western counties  of  West  Virginia  there  occurs  a great  coarse, 
gray  and  brown,  massive  and  frequently  pebbly  sandstone, 
ranging  in  thickness  from  40  to  50  feet  that  has  been  designa- 
ted by  G.  P.  Grimsley22  the  Mannington  sandstone  from  the 
town  of  that  name  in  Marion  county,  this  State,  where  it  has 
been  quarried  for  building  purposes. 

This  stratum  is  a great  cliff  maker  in  central  Tyler, 
Pleasants,  Ritchie  and  Wood,  along  the  eastern  and  western 
borders  of  Wirt,  northern  Calhoun  and  northeastern  Roane 
counties. 


21.  Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler  Rept.,  W.  Va,  Geol-  Survey,  p-  86;  1909. 

22.  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey,  Vol.  IV,  page  440;  1906. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  1 7 1 

The  sections  given  in  Chapter  IV  of  this  report  for  Se- 
dalia,  Long  Run,  West  Union,  Greenwood,  Summers,  Cove  and 
St.  Clara  for  Doddridge  county,  and  for  Salem,  South  of  Wolf 
Summit,  and  Benson  for  Harrison  exhibit  the  thickness  and 
character  of  the  Mannington  sandstone  in  the  area  under 
discussion.  Wherever  the  Washington  coal  bed  is  elevated 
70  to  80  feet  above  drainage,  the  whole  of  the  Mannington 
sandstone  is  also  above  drainage,  and  most  generally  makes 
its  presence  known  either  in  cliffs  or  very  steep  slopes  around 
the  hill  sides.  Its  approximate  crop  in  the  two  counties  can 
readily  be  determined  by  observing  the  topography  and  crop 
of  the  Washington  coal  as  outlined  on  the  General  and 
Economic  Geology  map  accompanying  this  report. 

The  Waynesburg  “B”  Coal. 

In  Washington  and  Greene  counties,  Pa.,  and  in  Monon- 
galia county,  W.Va.,  there  often  occurs  a thin  coal,  40  to  50  feet 
below  the  Washington  ted,  that  has  been  designated  the 
Waynesburg  “B”  coal.  In  the  Doddridge-Harnson  area  this 
stratum  has  apparently  been  cut  away  entirely  in  the  deposi- 
tion of  the  great  Mannington  sandstone. 

The  Waynesburg  “A”  Coal. 

The  Waynesburg  “A”  coal  occurs  75  to  90  feet  above  the 
Waynesburg  bed  and  represents  the  first  coal  aDove  the  base 
of  the  Dunkard  series.  In  Vol.  II.  of  the  State  Survey  Re- 
ports, page  116,  I.  C.  White  gives  the  following  account  of 
this  coal  in  northern  West  Virginia: 

“The  only  coal  in  this  group23  which  is  ever  of  any  economic  im- 
portance is  the  Waynesburg  “A”  bed,  80  to  90  feet  below  the  Wash- 
ington coal  and  the  same  interval  above  the  Waynesburg,  or  base  of 
the  Dunkard  series.  This  bed  is  quite  generally  present  10  to  15  feet 
above  the  Waynesburg  sandstone  through  Monongalia,  Marion,  Har- 
rison, Doddridge  and  Tyler  counties  and  occasionally  attains  a thick- 
ness of  3 y2  feet.  The  coal  contains  much  ash  and  other  impurities, 
however,  and  makes  only  an  indifferent  fuel.  It  has  been  mined  to  a 
small  extent  in  western  Harrison  and  eastern  Doddridge  for  local  do- 
mestic use.  Its  presence  is  generally  marked  by  a line  of  springs 
which  came  out  of  the  ground  on  top  of  the  impermeable  clays 
and  shales  just  below,  and  which,  easily  disintegrating,  give  origin  to 
very  bad  roads  with  deep  sticky  mudholes  along  this  line  of  outcrop.” 


23.  Referring  to  the  Dunkard  group  or  series. — RVH. 


172  STRATIGRAPHY THE  DUNKARD  SERIES. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area,  this  coal  occurs  a few 
inches  to  10  feet  under  the  Mannington  sandstone,  and  in 
Doddridge  county,  it  rarely  exceeds  6 inches  in  thickness,  and 
quite  frequently  its  horizon  is  represented  by  only  a few 
inches  of  black  shale. 

Doddridge  County. — The  Waynesburg  “A”  coal  crops 
over  practically  the  same  area  of  this  county  as  that  outlined 
above  for  the  Mannington  sandstone.  Its  crop  is  exposed  at 
several  places  along  McElroy  creek  in  McClellan  district,  and 
at  the  M.  A.  Phillips  No  1 well  (69)  is  exposed  in  the  road, 
one-half  mile  west  of  Centerpoint.  There  it  is  only  6 inches 
thick,  coming  65  to  70  feet  below  the  Washington  bed,  and 
20  feet  above  the  Phillips  well  (69).  About  2y2  miles  north- 
east from  Centerpoint,  this  coal  crops  in  the-  road  on  Talking- 
ton  fork  at  an  elevation  of  885  feet  A.  T.  by  aneroid.  There 
it  is  only  6 inches  thick.  One  mile  southeast  of  the  latter 
place,  where  its  crop  is  exposed  along  the  road  on  'Sycamore 
fork  of  Pike  fork  of  McElroy  creek,  the  coal  is  only  4 inches 
thick. 

Southwestward  in  the  region  of  Alpha  P.  O.  on  Flint  run, 
the  Waynesburg  “A”  coal  horizon  is  represented  by  a few 
inches  of  bituminous  shale.  One  mile  southwest  of  Knight 
P.  O.  and  14  mile  northeast  from  the  D.  L.  Dotson  No.  1 well 
(154),  this  shale  is  10  inches  thick,  but  contains  no  coal,  its 
tidal  elevation  being  895  feet,  spirit  level. 

On  southwestward  at  Tollgate  the  following  section  was 
measured  in  the  railroad  cut  at  the  southwest  edge  of  the 
town 

Tollgate  Section. 

Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 


Coal,  Washington,  and  concealed 20  20 

Sandstone,  massive,  Mannington 40  60 

Shale,  yellow 1.5  61.5 

Coal,  Waynesburg  “A”  (6") 0.5  62 

Fire  clay  and  red  shale 4 66 

Sandstone,  massive 4 70 

Shale,  red 10  80 

Sandstone  to  B.  & O.  R.  R.  grade 2 82 


Here  the  elevation  of  the  Waynesburg  “A”  bed  is  about  820  feet 
A.  T.,  aneroid. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


173 


Near  the  central  portion  of  Doddridge  and  one-fourth 
mile  northwest  from  New  Milton,  the  following  section  was 
measured  at  an  exposure  of  the  horizon  of  the  Waynesburg 


“A”  coal  along  the  public  road 


Feet. 


1.  Coal,  Washington. 

2.  Concealed  and  sandstone,  massive,  Man- 

nington  62 

3.  Shale,  sandy 3 

4.  Shale,  red 5 

5.  Shale,  dark  (Waynesburg  “A”  coal  hori- 

zon)   0 

6.  Fire  clay. 

Elevation,  865'  A.  T.,  aneroid. 


Inches. 


0 

0 

0 

8 


In  the  southern  portion  of  the  county,  2*4  miles  south- 
east of  Grove  P.  O.,  the  following  section  was  measured  at  an 
exposure  of  the  horizon  of  the  Waynesburg  “A”  bed  along 
the  road  on  Rush  run : 

Feet.  Inches. 


Coal,  Washington. 

Concealed  20  0 

Sandstone,  massive,  Mannington 40  0 


Shale,  dark  (Waynesburg  “A”  coal  horizon).  0 4 

Fire  clay. 

Elevation  of  coal  horizon,  895'  A.  T.,  aneroid. 


In  the  southeastern  portion  of  Doddridge,  where  the 
Waynesburg  “A”  coal  crops  along  the  road  leading  up  Meat- 
house  fork,  one  mile  southeast  from  Avon  P.  O.,  it  is  only  2 
inches  thick,  coming  70  feet  under  the  Washington  bed.  At 
no  point  in  Doddridge  does  this  coal  appear  to  attain  sufficient 
thickness  to  have  any  commercial  value. 

I 

Harrison  County. — In  Harrison  county  the  Waynesburg 
“A”  coal  comes  60  to  70  feet  under  the  Washington  bed; 
hence,  the  area  or  region  of  its  crop  can  readily  be  determined 
from  the  topography  and  the  position  of  the  crop  of  the  Wash- 
ington coal  as  outlined  on  the  General  and  Economic  Geology 
map  accompanying  this  report.  There  it  will  be  shown  that 
its  crop  is  confined  to  a narrow  belt  running  northeast  and 
southwest  across  the  county  via.  Grangeville,  Brown,  Lynch, 
Deweytown  and  Benson.  At  one  mile  northeast  of  the  latter 
point  its  crop  is  exposed  along  the  hill  road,  where  it  is  only 


i74 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  DUNKARD  SERIES. 


6 inches  thick  at  an  elevation  of  1155  feet  above  tide,  aneroid. 

Northward  on  a branch  of  Little  Rockcamp  run,  one  mile 
and  a half  northwest  from  Olive  P.  O.,  the  Waynesburg  “A” 
coal  crops  in  the  public  road,  with  a thickness  of  10  inches. 
Northward  to  the  Marion  county  line  the  bed  thickens  up 
somewhat,  and  on  Laurel  run,  one  mile  and  a half  northeast  of 
Brown,  it  is  18  inches  thick.  One  mile  and  a half  farther 
northeast  at  the  triangle  of  roads  on  Jones  creek,  it  has  a thick- 
ness of  18  inches,  its  tidal  elevation  being  1110  feet,  aneroid 
A short  distance,  less  than  one  mile,  northwest,  the  bed  is 
less  than  1 foot  thick  and  quite  slaty.  While  this  coal  makes 
a better  showing  in  Harrison  than  in  Doddridge,  yet  it  does 
not  attain  sufficient  thickness  and  regularity  in  either  to  be 
considered  an  economic  resource  for  the  area. 

. The  Mount  Morris  Limestone. 

At  1 to  5 feet  under  the  Waynesburg  “A”  coal  bed  in 
Greene  county,  Penna.,  and  in  Marshall  county,  W.  Va.,  there 
often  occurs  from  6 inches  to  3 feet  of  limestone  that  has  been 
designated  the  Mount  Morris  Limestone  by  L C.  White24  from 
a town  of  that  name  in  Greene  county,  Penna.  This  stratum 
has  apparently  been  replaced  by  sandy  shales  in  the  Dod- 
dridge-Harrison  area,  since  it  was  not  recognized  at  any  point 
in  either  county. 


The  Waynesburg  Sandstone. 

At  1 to  10  feet  above  the  base  of  the  Dunkard  series  and  15 
to  20  feet  below  the  Waynesburg  “A”  coal,  there  occurs  a 
great  massive  sandstone  that  has  been  designated  by  the 
First  Geological  Survey  of  Pennsylvania  the  Waynesburg 
sandstone  from  a town  of  that  name  in  Greene  county,  Penna., 
near  which  it  has  a fine  development.  I.  C.  White  gives  the 
following  account  of  this  stratum  on  page  40  of  Bulletin  No. 
65  of  the  U.  S.  G.  Survey. : 


24.  Bulletin  No.  65,  U.  S.  G.  Survey,  pages  39-40;  1891. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  1 75 

“It  is  one  of  the  most  persistent  members  of  the  Permo-Carbon- 
iferous series,  since  its  eastern  outcrop  can  be  followed  in  an  almost 
continuous  line  of  cliffs  from  Greene  county,  Penna.,  clear  across 
West  Virginia  to  the  Big  Kanawha  river  at  Winfield.” 

‘•This  stratum  is  the  only  one  of  the  series25  that  is  generally  con- 
glomeratic or  contains  quartz  pebbles  larger  than  coarse  sand  grains. 
On  account  of  this  peculiarity,  the  rock  in  question  becomes  a very 
important  guide  to  the  geologist  in  the  interior  of  West  Virginia, 
where  so  many  of  the  Dunkard  coals  and  limestones  have  disappeared, 
for  its  retains  its  pebbly  character  over  a very  wide  area.  When  at 
its  greatest  development,  the  thickness  of  this  stratum  approaches  75 
to  100  feet.  It  is  usually  a grayish  white  rock,  with  a yellowish  cast 
on  freshly  broken  surfaces,  and  its  weathered  boulders  are  usually 
covered  with  ridges  and  streaks  of  harder  iron-bearing  sand.  The 
rock  splits  readily  and  frequently  furnishes  excellent  building  stone, 
the  piers  of  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  R.  R.  bridge  across  the  Monongahela 
river  near  Fairmont  having  been  constructed  of  it.” 

Since  the  publication  of  Bulletin  No.  65  in  1891,  a more 
detailed  study  of  the  sandstones  of  the  Dqnkard  series  in 
West  Virginia  by  the  writer  reveals  the  fact  that  the  Lower 
Marietta  and  Mannington  ledges  are  frequently  quite  con- 
glomeratic in  Wirt,  Roane  and  Calhoun  counties,  the  quartz 
pebbles  therein  frequently  attaining  one-half  inch  in  diameter. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area,  the  crop  of  the  Waynes- 
burg  sandstone  is  very  closely  exhibited  by  the  boundary 
line  between  the  Dunkard  and  Monongahela  series  as  outlined 
on  the  General  and  Economic  Geology  map  accompanying 
this  report.  It  does  not  appear  so  massive  as  in  some  por- 
tions of  the  State,  since,  in  these  counties  it  is  quite  fre- 
quently broken  up  into  sandy  beds  and  red  shales.  The  sec- 
tions given  on  preceding  pages  of  this  report  for  Sedalia, 
Long  Run,  Summers,  Kelly,  Grove,  Big  Isaac  and  Brown  ex- 
hibit its  thickness,  character  and  relative  position  in  the  rock 
column. 

At  the  east  edge  of  Brown,  Harrison  county,  this  stratum 
has  recently  been  quarried  to  furnish  piers  for  the  public 
highway  bridge  over  Little  Tenmile  creek  at  that  place.  There 
it  is  gray,  coarse,  slightly  pebbly  and  25  to  35  feet  thick. 
Northeastward  along  Laurel  run  from  Brown  the  Waynes- 
burg  sandstone  -forms  cliffs  and  steep  slopes  2 to  5 feet  over 
the  Waynesburg  coal  bed. 


25.  Referring  to  the  Dunkard  series. — RVH. 


176 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  DUNKARD  SERIES. 


The  Elm  Grove  Limestone. 

At  5 to  10  feet  above  the  Waynesburg  coal  in  Wetzel, 
Marshall  and  Ohio  counties,  W.  Va.,  there  often  occurs  from 
1 to  5 feet  of  dark,  flaggy  limestone  that  has  been  designated 
by  G.  P.  Grimsley26  the  Elm  Grove  limestone  from  a town  of 
that  name  near  which  it  crops  in  Ohio  county  referred  to 
above.  In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  this  stratum  has  ap- 
parently thinned  away  entirely,  since  no  limestone  was  ob- 
served at  this  horizon  at  the  numerous  exposures  in  the  two 
counties. 


The  Cassville  Plant  Shale. 

The  first  and  lowest  member  of  the  Dunkard  group  of 
rocks  is  the  Cassville  Plant  Shale  that  has  been  so  designated 
by  Wm.  M.  Fontaine  and  I.  C.  White  from  a town  of  that 
name  in  Monongalia  county,  W.  Va.,  near  which  it  crops. 
There  it  ranges  from  0 to  20  feet  in  thickness  and  contains  a 
rich  insect  fauna  as  well  as  flora. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  this  shale  is  not  gen- 
erally well  defined  or  easily  recognized,  since  over  most  of 
the  area  of  the  two  counties  the  Waynesburg  coal  bed  at  the 
top  of  the  Monongehela  series  is  absent  from  the  measures. 
The  latter  coal  is  present,  however,  in  the  sections  for  Big 
Isaac  and  Salem,  pages  89  and  95,  and  at  the  former  place 
the  shale  is  5 feet  thick  and  quite  sandy.  The  Brown  section, 
page  90,  reveals  the  Waynesburg  sandstone  in  direct  con- 
tact with  Waynesburg  coal,  the  former  there  having  cut  away 
the  Cassville  shale  entirely.  Northeastward  on  Laurel  run, 
however,  the  shale  is  2 to  5 feet  thick. 


26.  Obio-Brooke-Hancock  Rept,  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey,  page  68; 
1906. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


77 


AGE  OF  THE  DUNKARD  SERiES. 

There  has  been  much  discussion  both  by  American  and 
European  geologists  as  to  the  age  of  the  Dunkard  series  as 
revealed  by  the  fossil  fauna  and  flora.  On  pages  69-77  of  the 
Ohio-Brooke-Hancock  Report  of  the  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey,  G. 
P.  Grimsley  gives  a very  interesting  account  as  to  the  age  of 
the  Dunkard  rocks  as  discussed  by  geologists  in  other  publi- 
cations. From  all  the  evidence  yet  collected,  this  series 
apparently  belongs  to  the  lower  Permian  of  Europe. 


CHAPTER  VI. 


THE  MONONGAHELA  SERIES 


The  Monongahela  series  is  that  division  of  the  rock  column 
which  begins  at  base  with  the  bottom  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal 
bed  and  extends  up  to  the  base  of  the  Cassville  Plant  shale  or 
to  the  top  of  the  Waynesburg  coal.  This  group  of  rocks 
was  so  designated  by  H.  D.  Rogers  from  the  river  of  that 
name  in  Pennsylvania,  along  which  its  coal  beds  attain  a fine 
development.  In  West  Virginia  the  thickness  of  the^  series 
ranges  from  260  feet  in  Ohio  and  Marshall  counties  along 
the  Ohio  river,  to  over  435  feet  in  southeastern  Doddridge  and 
southwestern  Harrison.  By  far  the  greater  portion  of  the 
series  is  limestone  in  southwestern  Pennsylvania  and  the  bor- 
der counties  of  West  Virginia,  but  southward  in  Doddridge 
and  Harrison,  several  massive  sandstones  make  their  appear- 
ance and  limestone  decreases.  The  reader  is  referred  to 
pages  124-125  of  Vol.  II.  of  the  State  Survey  reports  for  a 
more  detailed  description  of  these  beds  in  other  portions  of 
the  State. 

The  writer  has  compiled  the  following  general  section  of 
the  Monongahela  series  from,  a large  number  of  detailed  sec- 
tions of  these  measures  as  published  in  the  State  Geological 
reports.  As  the  series  was  first  studied  in  Pennsylvania  the 
most  of  the  names  are  taken  from  localities  in  that  State. 
Later  names  to  be  added  from  West  Virginia  are  Gilboy  and 
Arnoldsburg  sandstones  and  Benwood  limestone: 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


179 


General  Section  of  the  Monongahela  Series  for  West  Virginia. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Coal,  Waynesburg 5 5 

Shale  10  15 

Sandstone,  Gilboy 35  50 

Coal,  Little  Waynesburg 1 51  51’ 

Limestone,  Waynesburg 4 55 

Shale  13  68 

Sandstone,  Uniontown 35  103 

Coal,  Uniontown 2 105  54' 

Shale  10  115 

Limestone,  Uniontown.. 15  130 

Shale,  with  thin  sandstones  and  limestones.  44  174 

Sandstone,  Arnoldsburg 30  204 

Coal,  Lower  Uniontown 1 205  100' 

Shale  5 210 

Limestone,  Benwood 65  275 

Sandstone,  Sewickley 25  300 

Coal,  Sewickley 5 305  100' 

Sandstone,  Lower  Sewickley 25  330 

Limestone,  Sewickley 43  373 

Coal,  Redstone 4 377  72' 

Limestone,  Redstone 5 382 

Sandstone,  Upper  Pittsburgh 15  397 

Shale,  limy 5 402 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 8 410  33' 


In  the  area  under  discussion  the  Monongahela  series  is 
brought  above  drainage  by  the  Arches  Fork,  Wolf  Summit, 
and  Chestnut  Ridge  anticlines.  The  detailed  crop  of  these 
rocks  is  outlined  on  the  General  and  Economic  ueology  map 
accompanying  this  report. 

Several  sections  of  the  Monongahela  series  are  given  in 
Chapter  IV  of  this  report  on  the  pages  as  indicated  in  the 
table  summarizing  the  sections  at  the  end  of  that  chapter.  In 
addition  several  scattered  sections  of  these  measures  will  now 
be  given. 

The  following  section  was  measured  with  aneroid  from 
the  summit  of  a high  knob,  one  mile  due  north  of  Shinnston, 
northwestward  along  the  hill  road  to  Bingamon  creek  at  Pine 
Bluff  P.  O.  The  intervals  and  totals  are  slightly  less  than 
they  should  be  for  the  reason  that  the  top  formation  of  the 
section  has  risen  about  25  feet  in  this  direction  before  the 


i8o 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  MONONGAHELA  SERIES. 


Pittsburgh  coal  is  reached.  The  aneroid  measurements  were 
checked  on  spirit  level  elevations  at  both  the  top  and  foot  of 
the  hill : 

Pine  Bluff  Section,  Clay  District. 


Thickness.  Total 

Dunkard  Series  (54')  ] 

Concealed  from  top  of  knob  at  M.  Tegard 


Fire  clay  and  shale * 

Sandstone,  coarse,  massive 

Monongahela  Series  (378') 

Coal  blossom,  Waynesburg  (1320'  B-A.  T.) . . 


Sandstone,  massive,  coarse  brown  and  peb- 
bly, Gilboy 

Concealed  

Shale,  red 

Concealed  with  red  shale 

Limestone,  Uniontown 


Sandstone,  shaly 

Concealed  to  upper  limit  of  old  river  ter- 
race   

(Elevation,  upper  limit,  1090'  B-A.  T.) 


Sandstone ] 

Concea'ed [-Lower  Sewickley 

Sandstone J 

Shale,  limy  and  gray 

Limestone,  gray  and  hard,  Sewickiey 

Shale,  gray  and  limy 

Concealed  

Shale,  coaly  (Redstone) . 

Shale,  gray  and  limy 5 

Concealed  to  Bingamon  creek  at  Pine  Bluff 
Coal,  Pittsburgh 


set. 

Feet. 

20 

20 

5 

25 

29 

54 

54' 

1 

55 

10 

65 

40 

105 

5 

110 

5 

115 

64 

179 

1 

180 

10 

190 

15 

205 

15 

220 

60 

280 

55 

335 

281' 

15 

350 

10 

360 

8 

368 

8 

376 

4 

380 

6 

386 

7 

393 

2 

395 

60' 

5 

400 

24 

424 

8 

432 

37' 

Adding  a correction  of  25  feet  for  dip  to  the  378  feet  gives 
the  Monongahela  rocks  a total  of  403  feet. 

The  record  of  a diamond  drill  boring  5 miles  northeast- 
ward, published  on  pages  676-677  of  Vol.  11(A)  of  the  State 
Survey  reports,  gives  the  same  measurements  419'  10". 

The  following  section  was  measured  partly  along  the  hill 
road  leading  northeast  to  Shinns  run,  one-half  mile  below 
Saltwell  P.  O. : 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 

Section  Two  Miles  East  of  Gypsy,  Clay  District. 


181 


Thickness.  Total. 

Dunkard  Series  (200') 

Concealed  from  summit  of.  high  knob  1.5 

miles  southeast  from  Gypsy 

Monongahela  Series  365') 

Concealed  to  road  at  low  gap,  east  cf  Gypsy. 

Concealed  along  road 

Sandstone,  flaggy,  Arnoldsburg 


Limestone,  white,  Benwood 

Concealed  and  shale. 

Sandstone,  massive,  Upper  Sewickley 

Fire  clay  (Sewickley  coal  horizon) 

Shale  

Sandstone,  massive,  Lower  Sewickley 

Shale  

Fire  clay 

Shale,  limy  top,  sandy  bottom 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 

Conemaugh  Series  (41') 

Concealed  and  sandstone,  massive,  Lower 

Pittsburgh  

Coal  blossom,  Little  Pittsburgh 


Feet. 

Feet. 

200 

200 

200' 

100 

300 

35 

335 

25 

360 

160' 

35 

395 

15 

410 

5 

415 

20 

435 

14 

449 

89' 

1 

450 

5 

455 

35 

490 

19 

509 

1 

510 

47 

557 

8 

565 

116' 

40 

605 

1 

606 

41' 

A correction  of  50  feet  will  have  to  be  added  to  the  total 
365'  for  the  Monongahela  series  on  account  of  the  westward 
dip  of  the  strata,  giving  the  latter  a thickness  of  415  feet.  The 
limestones  of  the  northern  end  of  the  State  have  been  replaced 
largely  by  sandy  shales  and  massive  sandstones.  The  Sewick- 
ley  and  Redstone  coals  have  thinned  away  entirely  in  this 
portion  of  Harrison  county. 

The  following  section  was  measured  with  hand  level 
along  the  point  just  northeast  of  Gore  station  on  the  Fairmont 
and  Clarksburg  electric  railroad,  2 miles  due  north  of 
Clarksburg : 


Section  at  Gore  Station,  Coal  District. 

Thickness.  Total. 


Monongahela  Series  (149.5')  Feet.  Feet. 

Sandstone,  flaggy,  Upper  Sewickley 10  .10 

Shale  10  20 

Coal,  Sewickley 1.5  21.5  21.5' 

Fire  clay  and  shale 10  31.5 


1 82 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  MONONGAHELA  SERIES. 


Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

Sandstone,  buff,  fine  grained,  massive,  Lower 
Sewickley  

Concealed  84 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 8 149.5  128' 

Conemaugh  Series  (64.5') 

Fire  clay  and  concealed 

Sandstone,  massive,  limy,  Lower  Pittsburgh. 

Shale,  gray 

Limestone,  gray  and  hard,  Pittsburgh 

Fire  clay  shale  (Little  Pittsburgh  coal  hori- 
zon)   3.5  199.5  50' 

Limestone,  bluish  gray ] 

Shale,  gray  and  limy [Lower 

Limestone,  bluish,  silicious,  J Pittsburgh, 
lentil  J 

Shale,  red,  to  B.  & O.  R.  R.  grade 3 214  14.5' 


26 

57.5 

84 

141.5 

8 

149.5 

32 

181.5 

10 

191.5 

4 

195.5 

0.5 

196 

3.5 

199.5 

7 

206.5 

3 

209.5 

1.5 

211 

3 

214 

The  section  is  interesting  in  that  details  are  given  not 
only  of  the  Monongahela,  but  of  the  top  portion  of  the  Cone- 
maugh series  as  well. 

The  following  section  of  the  Monongahela  series  was 
measured  by  J.  L.  Johnston,  C.  E.,  along  the  face  of  Pinnick- 
innick  hill  at  the  north  edge  of  Clarksburg,  and  published  on 
page  49  of  Bulletin  No.  65  of  the  U.  S.  G.  Survey: 


Clarksburg  Section. 

Feet. 


Coal,  Waynesburg?  (Uniontown),  absent  or 
not  seen 0 


Ft.  In. 

Concealed  and  yellow  sandy  shales. 65  9 


Sandstone,  (Arnoldsburg) 25  0 

Concealed,  with  some  limestone 80  0 

Sandstone  20  0 

Concealed  5 0 

Sandstone  15  0 

Sandy  shales 6 0 

Sandstone,  Sewickley 25  0 

Shales  10  0 — 251 

Coal,  Sewickley 1 

T . i ( shaly . ...  1'  6"  ) Q n 

Limestone...  j good  ; 7 6 j 9 0 

Concealed  3 0 

Shales,  sandy 14  0 

Shale,  with  iron  nodules 1 0 

Shales,  sandy 4 0 

Sandstone  1 0 

Concealed  8 0 — 40 

Coal,  Redstone,  slaty 3 


Inches. 

0 


0 

0 


0 

0 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


183 


Feet.  Inches. 


Shale,  dark,  bituminous 

5 

0 

Limestone,  Redstone 

0 

Shale,  greenish 

13 

0 

Slate,  bituminous 

1 

0—  25 

0 

( coal  

3 

5 

Coal,  Pittsburgh  bone  

0 

1 

[ coal  

0—  8 

6 

Total 328  6 


The  identifications  in  parentheses  are  by  the  writer.  The 
Monongahela  measures  should  be  410  to  420  feet  thick  here ; 
hence,  Mr.  Johnston’s  section  lacked  80  to  90  feet  of  reaching 
up  to  the  base  of  the  Dunkard  series. 

The  following  section  was  measured  mostly  along  the  hill 
road  southwestward  to  Stutler  fork  nearly  along  the  strike  of 
the  rocks : 

Section  One  Mile  North  of  Mineral,  Union  District. 


Thickness.  Total. 


Dunkard  Series  (215')  Feet.  Feet. 

Concealed  and  shale  from  top  of  knob 115  115 

Sandstone,  massive,  buff,  coarse  and  pebbly, 
forming  cliffs  and  large  boulders,  Man- 

nington  40  155 

Concealed  to  road  at  low  gap 60  215  215' 

Monongahela  Series  (383') 

Shale,  red 10  225 

Sandstone,  cliff  rock,  Gilboy  and  Uniontown.  100  325  110' 

Concealed  30  355 

Shale,  red 20  375 

Limestone,  modular,  shaly 15  390 

Shale,  red 24.7  414.7 

Shaie,  black  (4"),  (Lower  Uniontown  ccal 

horizon)  0.3  415  90' 

Shale,  dark  red  and  limy 35  450 

Sandstone,  massive,  coarse  brown,  Upper 

Sewickley  38  488 

Fire  clay  (Sewickiey  coal  horizon)  (1045' 

B-A.  T.) 2 490  75' 

Interval,  estimated 100  590 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 8 598  108' 


184 


STRATIGRAPHY- — THE  MONONGAHELA  SERIES. 


DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  MONONGAHELA 
FORMATIONS. 


The  Waynesburg  Coal. 

The  highest  formation  of  the  Monongahela  series  is  the 
Waynesburg  coal.  It  correlates  with  the  No.  11  seam  in 
the  former  nomenclature  of  the  Ohio  coals,  and  attains  its 
best  West  Virginia  development  in  Monongalia  and  Mar- 
ion counties.  It  is  always  multiple  bedded,  being  separated 
into  benches,  upper  and  lower,  by  a shale  parting  1 to  15 
inches  thick,  the  whole  often  attaining  a thickness  of  10  to  12 
feet. 

I11  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  the  coal  rarely  exceeds 
2 feet  in  thickness  and  does  not  appear  merchantable  at  any 
point  in  the  county.  The  crop  of  the  bed  is  outlined  in  detail 
on  the  General  and  Economic  Geology  map  accompanying 
this  report. 


Doddridge  County. — In  Doddridge  county  the  coal  has 
thinned  away  entirely  except  in  the  extreme  eastern  point 
of  Greenbrier  district.  Where  its  horizon  first  comes  above 
the  level  of  Meathouse  fork,  at  the  road  fork,  one  mile  and  a 
quarter  west  of  Big  Isaac,  the  bed  is  represented  by  only  3 
inches  of  slaty  coal.  One-half  mile  farther  east  it  has  thick- 
ened up  to  4 inches.  One  mile  southeastward  and  one-half 
mile  southwest  from  Big  Isaac,  the  following  section  is  ex- 
posed at  the  crop  of  this  bed : 


Feet. 


Sandstone,  Waynesburg. 
Shale,  sandy,  Cassville.. 


Waynesburg 


Coal,  slaty 0' 

Slate,  gray 0 

Coal,  slaty 0 

Slate,  gray  and 

yellow  0 

Coal,  slaty 0 

Fire  clay 

(Elevation  of  coal,  1055'  B-A.  T.) 


Inches. 

0 

1 


5 


0 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


185 


In  the  northern  portion  of  Doddridge  the  log  of  the  Hud- 
son diamond  drill  boring  (21),  used  in  connection  with  the 
Sedalia  section,  page  TO,  gives  only  2 feet  of  black  and  gray 
shale  at  this  horizon,  136  feet  below  the  Washington  coal  and 
381.5  feet  above  the  Pittsburgh  seam. 


Harrison  County. — In  Harrison  the  Waynesburg  coal  at- 
tains a better  development  than  in  Doddridge.  The  log  of 
the  I.  L.  Marsh  No.  1 well  (373),  used  in  connection  with  the 
section  at  Brown,  page  90,  reports  the  bed  3 feet  thick.  The 
coal  crops  near  the  bed  of  Laurel  run,  one-half  mile  northeast 
from  Brown  where  the  following  section  was  measured : 

Feet.  Inches. 

Coal  1 0 

Slate,  gray 0 1 

Coal  1 0 

Total 2 1 

(Elevation,  1030'  B-A.  T.) 


Here  the  structure  of  the  bed  is  similar  to  that  for  the 


northern  portion  of  the  State,  in  that  it  carries  a parting  slate, 
separating  it  into  two  benches. 

The  following  section  of  the  Waynesburg  coal  was  meas- 
ured near  run  level  of  a branch  of  Little  Rockcamp,  one  mile 
and  a quarter  northwest  from  Olive  P.  O. : 


Sandstone,  massive,  Waynesburg 

Shale,  dark,  Cassville,  3'  to 

Coal  0'  8 "| 

Slate,  gray  and  soft...O  OV2  }■  . 

Coal  1 3 J 

Fire  clay 

(Elevation  of  coal,  1030'  B-A.  T.) 


Feet.  Inches. 
5 0 

1 11% 


In  the  Pine  Bluff  section,  page  180,  this  coal  is  given  a 
thickness  of  1 foot,  but  there  the  bottom  portion  of  the  bed 
was  concealed. 

The  seam  is  seldom  reported  in  the  logs  of  the  numerous 
wells  drilled  for  oil  and  gas  in  both  counties. 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  MONONGAHELA  SERIES. 


1 86 


The  Gilboy  Sandstone. 

At  5 to  10  feet  below  the  Waynesburg  coal  there  often 
occurs  a massive  sandstone,  ranging  in  thickness  from  20  to 
40  feet,  that  has  been  designated  the  Gilboy  by  I.  C.  White1 
from  a railroad  cut  of  that  name,  located  a shurt  distance  east 
from  Mannington,  Marion  county. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  this  sandstone  frequently 
makes  cliffs  or  steep  slopes  around  the  hillsides  just  below  the 
horizon  of  the  Waynesburg  coal.  The  relative  position  of 
this  stratum  to  the  other  formations,  its  character  and  thick- 
ness are  exhibited  in  the  sections  given  on  preceding  pages 
for  Sedalia,  Centerpoint,  Long  Run,  Brown,  Katys  Lick, 
Salem  and  Wolf  Summit. 

One-fourth  mile  northeast  of  Brown  at  the  mouth  of 
Laurel  run,  the  Gilboy  makes  a cliff  20  to  25  feet  high.  No 
quarries  in  this  stratum  were  seen  in  either  county. 

The  Little  Waynesburg  coal  and  the  Waynesburg  limestone 
disappear  southwestward  from  Marion  county  and  neither  was 
observed  at  exposures  of  its  horizon  in  the  Doddridge-Harri- 
son area. 

The  Uniontown  Sandstone. 

At  10  to  20  feet  below  the  Gilboy  sandstone  and  60  to 
75  feet  below  the  Waynesburg  coal  there  occurs  another 
bluish  gray,  brown  and  massive  sandstone  that  has  been 
named  the  Uniontown  from  its  relation  to  the  underlying  coal 
by  I.  C.  White2. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  this  stratum  forms  cliffs 
and  steep  slopes  around  the  hill  sides  over  a large  portion  of 
both  counties.  The  sections  given  for  Sedalia,  Long  Run, 
West  Union,  Greenwood,  Summers,  Kelly,  Katys  Lick,  South 
of  Wolf  Summit,  and  Mineral,  exhibit  its  thickness,  character 
and  relative  position  in  the  rock  column  in  the  area  under 
discussion. 

In  Doddridge  county  it  is  this  sandstone  that  forms  the 


1.  Vol.  II,  p.  150,  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey;  1903. 

2.  Bulletin  No.  65,  pp.  58  and  59,  U.  S.  G.  purvey;  1891. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


187 


prominent  cliffs  along  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  railroad  between 
Long  Run  and  West  Union,  where  it  is  coarse,  gray  and 
brown,  and  frequently  pebbly,  coming  immediately  over  the 
Uniontown  coal  and  300  to  310  feet  above  the  Pittsburgh  bed. 

Along  the  extreme  western  border  of  New  Milton  district 
the  Uniontown  has  been  quarried  for  building  purposes  on  the 
head  of  Lick  run,  3 miles  due  west  from  Market.  Here,  ac- 
cording to  D.  B.  Reger,  it  is  50  feet  thick,  coarse  and  soft, 
coming  155  feet  under  the  Washington  coal. 

In  Harrison  county  it  crops  in  a prominent  cliff  along 
the  railroad  grade,  one-half  mile  southeast  from  Brown,  where 
it  is  bluish  gray  in  color  and  35  to  40  feet  thick.  No  quarries 
were  observed  in  this  stratum  in  the  latter  county,  although  G. 
P.  Grimsley3  reports  the  T.  M.  Jackson  quarry  at  Clarksburg 
as  belonging  at  this  horizon.  There  the  interval  from  the  base 
of  the  quarry  rock  to  the  base  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal — 238  feet 
— is  60  to  70  feet  too  short  for  the  former  stratum,  to  represent 
the  Uniontown  sandstone.  It  probably  correlates  with  the 
Arnoldsburg,  since  the  latter  attains  a good  development  in 
the  area  under  discussion. 

In  the  southwest  corner  of  Harrison  the  Uniontown  sand- 
stone makes  high  cliffs  north  and  northwest  from  Mineral  on 
the  head  of  Two  Lick  run  and  along  Stutler  fork. 

The  Uniontown  Coal. 

At  1 to  10  feet  below  the  Uniontown  sandstone  and  90  to 
110  feet  below  the  Waynesburg  coal  there  occurs  a fairly  per- 
sistent bed  that  has  been  designated  by  the  First  Geological 
Survey  of  Pennsylvania  the  Uniontown  coal  from  a town  in 
the  latter  State  near  which  it  crops.  It  rarely  exceeds  3 feet 
in  thickness  in  West  Virginia,  and  often  is  represented  by  only 
a few  inches  of  black  slate.  In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area 
its  thickness  and  relative  position  in  the  rock  column  is  ex- 
hibited in  the  sections  given  on  preceding  pages  for  Sedalia, 
Centerpoint,  Canton,  Long  Run,  West  Union,  Brown,  Salem 
and  Benson. 

3.  Vol.  IV,  pp.  455-457,  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey;  1909. 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  MONONGAHELA  SERIES. 


1 88 


Doddridge  County. — In  Doddridge  this  coal  is  brought 
above  drainage  by  the  Arches  Fork  anticline  along  the  waters 
of  Middle  Island  creek  above  West  Union;  Left  fork  of  Ar- 
nolds creek;  South  fork  of  Hughes  river  above  Nay  P.  O. ; 
Middle  fork  of  Hughes  river  above  Holbrook;  and  Cove  and 
Fink  Creeks  in  the  southern  portion  of  the  county.  It  is  this 
bed  that  has  been  mined  by  farmers  5 to  100  feet  above  stream 
level  along  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  railroad  between  Long  Run 
and  West  Union,  where  it  furnishes  a fair  quality  of  domestic 
fuel,  and,  including  partings,  ranges  from.  2 to  3 feet  thick. 

The  following  section  of  the  coal  was  measured  at  the 
J.  M.  Gribble  mine  on  the  south  bank  of  Bluestone,  one-half 
mile  southeast  of  West  Union: 


Feet.  Inches. 

1.  Sandstone,  massive,  Uniontown 

2..  Sha'e,  sandy,  6'  to 8 0 

3.  Coal,  slaty O'  3 " 

4.  Coal,  good 2 8 y2 

5.  Slate,  soft  and  'dark 0 4 

6.  Coal,  good,  4"  to 0 6 — 3 9% 

7.  Fire  clay 

(Elevation  of  coal,  814'  A.  T.,  spirit  level). 

Nos.  4 and  6 of  the  section  have  a clean,  bright  appear- 
ance and  should  furnish  a fair  quality  of  domestic  fuel. 

From  here  the  bed  dips  rapidly. westward  and  passes  be- 
low Middle  Island  creek  at  the  public  highway  bridge  over 
this  stream  in  West  Union.  Eastward  the  coal  has  been 
mined  considerably  by  farmers  on  Jockeycamp,  Englands  and 
Morgans  runs,  and  Buckeye  creek.  ,D.  B.  Reger  reports  it 
about  2 feet  thick  at  an  elevation  of  890'  B-A.  T.  on  Englands 
run,  1.5  miles  northeast  of  Smithton. 

Near  the  Grant-West  Union  district  line,  one-third  mile 
northwest  of  Morgansville,  D.  B.  Reger  measured  the  follow- 
ing section  at  a mine  in  the  Uniontown  coal : 


Feet.  Inches. 

Slate  4 0 

Coal,  good 1'  6" 

Slate  0 6 

Coal,  good 1 0 — 3 0 


(Elevation,  915'  A.  T.,  aneroid). 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


189 

Slightly  over  a mile  southeastward  Mr.  Reger  collected 
a sample  for  analysis  and  measured  the  following  section  at 
the  W.  A.  Stutler  mine  in  the  Uniontown  coal,  located  near 
Sherwood,  one-tenth  mile  north  of  the  mouth  of  Long  Run : 


W.  A.  Stutler  Mine,  No.  4 on  Map. 

Feet.  Inches. 

1.  Sandstone,  visible,  Uniontown 

2.  Shale,  brown 13  (J 

3.  Coal,  good V 0" 

4.  Slate  0 4 

5.  Coal,  good 1 4 — 2 8 

(Elevation,  855'  A.  T.,  spirit  level). 


The  sample  for  analysis  was  collected  from  Nos.  3 and  5 
of  the  section,  the  composition  and  calorific  value  of  which 
are  reported  by  Prof.  Hite  as  follows : 


Proximate  Analysis. 

Per  cent. 


Moisture  1.67 

Volatile  Matter 38.73 

Fixed  Carbon 45.27 

Ash  14.33 


Total  100.00 

Sulphur  4.77 

Phosphorus  0.041 


Ultimate  Analysis. 

Per  cent. 

Carbon  66.79 

Hydrogen  4.80 

Oxygen  8.39 

Nitrogen  0.92 

Sulphur  4.77 

Ash  14.33 


Total  100.00 


Calorimeter  B.  T.  U 

Calculated  B.  T.  U 

Carbon. 

Fuel  ratio  = 

Oxygen  + Ash 


12,349 

12,239 

66.79 

= 2.94 


8.39  + 14.33 


These  results  show  the  coal  to  be  nearly  of  the  same 
character  and  quality  as  the  Washington  bed,  200  to  220  feet 
higher  in  the  measures. 

South  10°  to  20°  west  from  West  Union,  Mr.  Reger  ob- 
tained a sample  for  analysis  and  measured  the  following  sec- 
tion at  the  Alfred  Collins  mine  in  the  Uniontown  coal  on  Left 
fork  of  Arnolds  creek : 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  MONONGAHELA  SERIES. 


Alfred  Collins  Mine,  No.  5 on  Map. 


Feet. 

Inches. 

1. 

Sandstone,  sbaly,  Uniontown.. 

3 

0 

2. 

Shale,  gray 

3 

0 

3. 

Slate,  black 

0 

4. 

Coal,  good 

5. 

Slate,  gray 

. .0  2 

6. 

Coal,  slaty 

. .0  10 

— 2 

6 

7. 

Shale,  yellow 

2 

0 

8. 

Concealed  

. . 10 

0 

9. 

Sandstone,  flaggy 

6 

0 

(Elevation  of  coal,  905'  A.  T.,  aneroid). 

Mr.  Reger  collected  the  sample  from  No.  4 only,  the  com- 
position and  calorific  value  of  which  are  reported  by  Prof  Hite 
as  follows : 


Proximate  Analysis. 


Ultimate  Analysis. 


Per  cent. 

Moisture  

1.60 

Volatile  Matter. . . . 

39.99 

Fixed  Carbon 

45.31 

Ash  

13.10 

Total  

100.00 

Sulphur  

4.65 

Phosphorus  

0.040 

Calorimeter  B.  T.  U 
Calculated  B.  T.  U.. 


Carbon. 

Fuel  ratio  =j 


Per  cent. 


Carbon  67.59 

Hydrogen  4.65 

Oxygen  9.02 

Nitrogen  0.99 

Sulphur  4.65 

Ash  13.10 


Total  100.00 


12,464 
12,208 

67.59 

= 3.06 


Oxygen  -[-  Ash  9.02  + 13.10 


The  results  show  a slightly  higher  grade  of  fuel  than 
that  represented  by  the  sample  from  the  Stutler  mine.  The 
latter,  however,  included  both  benches  of  the  Uniontown,  while 
the  Collins  sample  represents  the  upper  bench  only.  It  is 
worthy  of  notice  that  the  latter  coal  generally  reverses  the 
conditions  accompanying  the  Washington  bed,  in  that  the 
purest  and  best  coal  occurs  in  the  upper  bench. 

About  6 miles  southwestward  the  Uniontown  coal  was 
once  mined  near  the  mouth  of  Sheep  run,  0.8  mile  east  from 
Nay  P.  O.  The  opening  had  fallen  shut,  but  the  bed  was  re- 
ported 18  inches  thick. 

About  2 miles  northeast  from  Summers  P.  O.,  the  coal 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  191 

crops  close  stream  level  near  the  Eli  M.  Gaston  No.  1 well 
(212)  on  Upper  run,  where  it  is  only  6 inches  thick  at  an  ele- 
vation of  935'  A.  T.,  aneroid. 

It  has  the  same  thickness  where  its  crop  is  exposed  at 
the  road  forks  near  the  head  of  Bluestone  creek,  two  miles  and 
a half  due  north  of  Kelly  P.  O.  The  bed  apparently  thins  to 
less  than  one  foot  in  southern  Doddridge.  In  fact,  near  the 
extreme  southern  point  of  the  county,  0.1  mile  northeast  of 
the  month  of  Sycamore  fork,  the  coal  is  only  2 inches  thick, 
at  an  elevation  of  825'  A.  T.,  aneroid. 

Harrison  County. — In  Harrison  the  Uniontown  coal  is 
not  so  thick  apparently  as  at  West  Union  and  Sherwood.  Its 
crop  is  confined  to  a belt  running  northeast  and  southwest 
across  the  county  2 to  3 miles  wide,  the  western  margin  of 
which  is  one-half  mile  southeast  of  Grangeville ; one-half  mile 
southeast  of  Brown ; three-fourths  mile  northwest  of  Marsh- 
ville ; one-half  mile  west  of  Lynch ; at  Deweytown ; and  near 
Benson  at  the  Harrison-Lewis  county  line.  Its  horizon  also 
crops  in  the  hills  in  the  northern  portion  of  Eagle  district, 
and  the  northwestern  part  of  Clay,  around  the  nose  of  the 
Wolf  Summit  anticline ; and  southward  along  the  axis  of  the 
Shinnston  syncline  to  the  vicinity  of  Lost  creek.  The  high 
knobs  on  the  Harrison-Upshur  county  line,  2 miles  eastward 
from  Johnstown,  probably  hold  near  their  summits  a few 
acres  of  this  bed. 

On  the  north  border  of  Eagle  district,  the  following  sec- 
• tion  was  measured  at  an  opening  in  what  appears  to  be  the 
Uniontown  coal,  three-fourths  mile  southeast  of  Grangeville, 
near  the  B.  F.  Griffin  No.  1 well  (551)  : 


Feet.  Inches. 

Sandstone,  massive,  visible 10  0 

Shale,  buff,  sandy 4 0 

Coal,  slaty,  0"  to 0'  2" 

Sha]e,  dark,  soft 1 3 

Coal  0 9 

Shale,  gray 0 4 

Coal  1 1—  3 7 

Fire  clay  and  concealed  to  run 10  0 


(Elevation  of  coal,  1010'  A.  T.,  aneroid). 


192 


STRATIGRAPHY— THE  MONONGAHELA  SERIES. 


South  westward  on  Little  Tenmile,  the  coal  rises  above 
stream  level,  one-half  mile  southeast  of  Brown,  and  near  there 
the  following  section  was  measured  on  the  south  side  of  the 


railroad : 

Feet.  Inches. 

Shale  5 0 

Coal  0'  3" 

Shale,  dark ; 0 4 

Coal  0 4 

Shale,  dark 3 0 

Coal  0 4—  4 3 

Fire  clay 5 0 


(Elevation  of  coal,  995'  A.  T.,  aneroid). 

Although  the  bed  has  a total  section  of  51  inches,  yet  it 
contains  only  11  inches  of  coal.  Four  miles  southwestward  on 
Grass  run  and  three-fourths  mile  northwest  of  Marshville,  the 
blossom  of  this  coal  crops  in  the  road  at  an  elevation  of  1010' 
A.  T.,  aneroid. 

In  the  southern  part  of  Tenmile  district  the  following 
section  was  measured  at  an  exposure  of  the  Uniontown  coal 
at  Deweytown  along  the  edge  of  the  public  road : 

Feet.  Inches. 

Sandstone,  massive,  Uniontown 


Shale  0 4 

Black  slate 0'  4" 

Slate,  gray 0 1 

Coal  0 4—  0 9 


(Elevation  of  coal,  1065'  A.  T.,  aneroid). 


In  the  northwestern  part  of  Union  district  the  Union- 
town  coal  crops  in  the  road  one  mile  and  a quarter  south  of 
Jarvisville  near  the  I.  C.  Bennett  No.  1 well  (495),  coming, 
according  to  the  log  of  the  latter,  300  feet  above  the  Pittsburgh 
bed. 

Slightly  over  a mile  southeast  of  Big  Isaac  on  the  head  of 
Stutler  fork  the  coal  has  been  opened  near  the  Frank  C.  Curry 
No.  1 well  (518)  at  an  elevation  of  1095'  A.  T.  aneroid.  The 
thickness  was  not  ascertained  here,  since  the  mine  had  fallen 
shut. 

The  foregoing  data  on  this  bed  in  Harrison  county,  ex- 
hibit a much  poorer  development  of  the  Uniontown,  at  least  in 
crop  exposures,  than  in  Doddridge. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  1 93 

The  Uniontown  Limestone. 

The  Great  Limestone  of  the  First  Geological  Survey  of 
Pennsylvania  has  been  divided  by  J.  J.  Stevenson  into  two 
divisions;  the  Upper,  6 to  18  feet  thick,  coming  immediately 
under  the  Uniontown  coal,  was  designated  the  Uniontown 
limestone  from  its  relation  to  the  coal  bed.  In  the  Doddridge- 
Harrison  area,  its  thickness,  character  and  relative  position  in 
the  rock  column  are  exhibited  in  a fair  way  by  the  sections  for 
Sedalia  and  Brown,  pages  70,  and  90,  respectively. 

Doddridge  County. — In  Doddridge  this  limestone  crops 
over  almost  the  same  area  as  that  outlined  above  for  the 
Uniontown  coal,  and  ranges  from  10  to  15  feet  thick.  About 
2 miles  north  70°-80°  west  of  New  Milton,  a sample  was  col- 
lected for  analysis  and  the  following  section  measured  at  an 
exposure  of  this  ledge  on  the  west  bank  of  Lick  run : 


Feet.  Inches. 

1.  Sandstone,  Uniontown 

2.  Shale  and  concealed 10  0 

3.  Limestone,  bluish  gray  and  hard 8 0 


The  analysis  of  No.  3 is  reported  by  Prof  Hite  as  follows: 

Per  cent. 


Silica  (Si  02) . , 3.63 

Ferric  Iron  (Fe203) 1.71 

Alumina  (A1203) 0.25 

Calcium  Carbonate  (CaC  03) 92.26 

Magnesium  Carbonate  (Mg  C 03) 2.18 

Phosphoric  Acid  (P205) 0.29 


Total 100.32 


The  above  results  reveal  a fair  quality  of  limestone  both 
for  agricultural  purposes  and  road  material.  It  adds  greatly 
to  the  fertility  of  the  soil  wherever  it  crops  in  either  county. 

D.  B.  Reger  measured  the  following  section  at  the  crop 
of  this  limestone  on  Jockeycamp  run,  three-fourths  mile  north 
of  Smithton : 


194 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  MONONGAHELA  SERIES. 


Feet. 


Sandstone,  brown,  coarse,  massive,  Uniontown 30 

Coal,  Uniontown,  and  concealed 25 

Limestone,  Uniontown,  good 5 

(Elevation  of  limestone,  845'  A.  T.,  aneroid).  . 


It  is  quite  probable  that  the  upper  portion  of  the  ledge 
was  concealed  here,  since  the  top  generally  comes  10  to  15  feet 
below  the  Uniontown  coal  and  the  latter  bed  does  not  exceed 
4 feet  in  Doddridge. 

This  limestone  crops  along  Big  run,  2 miles  northwest  of 
Kelly  P.  O.,  at  an  elevation  of  950'  to  960'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  On 
the  north  side  of  the  road,  nearly  opposite  the  W.  B.  Maxwell 
No.  4 well  (222),  Mr.  Reger  measured  the  following  section 
at  an  exposure  of  the  stratum : 


Feet. 


Sandstone,  visible 5 

Concealed  and  shale 5 

Limestone,  good,  Uniontown 5 

Shale,  red,  to  well  (222) 20 


(Elevation  of  limestone,  960'  A.  T.,  aneroid). 


Harrison  County. — In  Harrison  the  Uniontown  limestone 
crops  over  almost  the  same  area  as  that  outlined  for  the  Union- 
town  coal.  The  log  of  the  I.  L.  Marsh  No.  1 well  (373),  used 
in  connection  with  the  Brown  section,  page  90,  gives  30  feet 
of  hard  limestone  at  this  horizon,  immediately  under  the  Un- 
iontown coal.  No  such  thickness  of  this  stratum  was  ob- 
served at  crop  in  the  county.  In  fact,  here,  the  Uniontown 
appears  to  be  overshadowed  by  other  cropping  Monongahela 
limestones  below  it. 


The  Arnoldsburg  Sandstone. 


At  40  to  50  feet  below  the  Uniontown  sandstone  in  the 
vicinity  of  Arnoldsburg,  Calhoun  county,  there  occurs  a great, 
coarse,  gray,  massive,  pebbly  and  arenaceous  stratum  that  has 
been  designated  by  the  writer4  the  Arnoldsburg  sandstone. 

4.  Wirt-Roane-Calhoun  Rept.,  pp.  202-204,  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey; 
1911. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  1 95 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area,  the  sections  given  on 
preceding  pages  for  Greenwood,  Kelly,  Katys  Lick  and  Byron, 
exhibit  the  thickness,  character  and  relative  position  of  this 
formation  in  the  rock  column. 

In  Doddridge  its  crop  is  confined  close  to  the  crest  of 
the  Arches  fork  anticline,  near  the  points  where  the  axis  of 
the  fold  intersects  Buckeye  creek,  and  Meathouse  fork  of  Mid- 
dle Island,  and  South  and  Middle  forks  of  Hughes  river.  No 
quarries  were  observed  on  this  stratum  in  the  county. 

In  Harrison  its  crop  is  confined  largely  to  the  area  east 
of  the  800-foot  contour  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  on  the  western 
slope  of  the  Wolf  Summit  anticline.  It  passes  into  the  air 
over  the  crest  of  the  latter  fold  south  from,  Little  Tenmile 
creek,  but  comes  back  into  the  hills  again  in  the  Shinnston 
structural  basin,  to  again  pass  into  the  air  over  the  crest  of 
the  Chestnut  Ridge  arch  and  again  return  into  the  summits 
of  the  highest  hills  in  the  Grassland  syncline. 

In  the  vicinity  of  Clarksburg  it  makes  steep  slopes  and 
blufifs  230  to  240  feet  above  the  Pittsburg  coal  bed.  Accord- 
ing to  Mr.  Reger,  a brown,  fine  grained  and  massive  sand- 
stone, 25  feet  thick  and  235  feet  above  the  Pittsburgh  coal,  has 
been  quarried  for  railroad  ballast  near  the  summits  of  the 
hills,  one-third  mile  south  of  the  city  limits  of  Clarksburg. 
This  quarry  rock  should  correlate  with  the  Arnoldsburg  and 
not  the  Uniontown  as  generally  supposed,  since  the  latter 
formation  belongs  300  to  310  feet  above  the  Pittsburgh  coal 
in  this  county.  Likewise  the  T.  M.  Jackson  quarry  at  the 
north  edge  of  Clarksburg  is  on  the  Arnoldsburg  ledge  as  will 
appear  under  the  discussion  of  the  Uniontown  sandstone,  page 
....  Its  character,  chemical  composition  and  microscopic 
structure  at  this  place,  will  be  discussed  in  a subsequent  chap- 
ter of  this  report. 

The  Lower  Uniontown  Coal. 

At  90  to  100  feet  below  the  Uniontown  coal  and  200  to  210 
feet  above  the  Pittsburgh  bed  in  the  Fairmont  region  of  Mar- 
ion county,  there  occurs  a coal,  12  to  18  inches  thick,  that  has 


I96  STRATIGRAPHY THE  MONONGAHELA  SERIES. 

been  designated  the  Lower  Uniontown5  from  its  relation  to 
the  overlying  seam. 

In  Doddridge  the  horizon  of  this  coal  crops  only  near  the 
points  where  the  axis  of  the  Arches  Fork  anticline  intersects 
Buckeye  creek  and  Meathouse  fork  of  Middle  Island,  and  the 
South  and  Middle  forks  of  Hughes  river.  In  all  other  por- 
tions of  the  county  it  lies  below  drainage.  It  appears  to  be 
this  coal  that  was  once  opened  near  the  mouth  of  Lower  run, 
one-half  mile  northeast  from  Summers  P.  O.,  at  an  elevation 
of  850'  A.  T.,  aneroid,  270  to  280  feet  under  the  Washington 
bed.  The  digging  had  fallen  shut  so  that  it  was  impossible 
to  ascertain  its  thickness  and  character. 

Three  and  one-half  miles  due  northward  the  following  sec- 
tion was  measured  at  an  exposure  of  its  horizon,  one-eighth 
mile  southeast  from  the  mouth  of  Sheep  run : 

Feet.  Inches. 


1.  Coal,  Uniontown,  reported  (890  B-A.  T.)..  1 6 

2.  Concealed 85  0 

3.  Sandstone,  massive,  Arnoldsburg 15  0 

4.  Shale,  sandy 2 0 

5.  Shale,  black  (Lower  Uniontown  coal 

horizon)  0 2 

6.  Fire  clay  shale 3 0 

7.  Concealed  to  river 6 0 


The  interval,  50  feet,  seems  a little  short  between  the  two 
coals  as  compared  to  the  Fairmont  region,  but  this  may  be 
due  in  a measure  to  the  westward  thinning  of  the  Mononga- 
hela  series. 

In  Harrison  this  coal  crops  over  practically  the  same  area 
as  that  outlined  above  for  the  Arnoldsburg  sandstone.  Ac- 
tual coal  at  this  horizon  was  observed  at  only  one  point  in  the 
county.  This  was  along  the  hill  road  on  the  head  of  Browns 
run,  three-fourths  mile  northwest  of  Shinnston.  There  the 
Lower  Uniontown  is  6 inches  thick,  200  to  210  feet  above  the 
Pittsburgh  bed. 

The  coal  does  not  attain  minable  thickness  at  any  point 
in  either  county;  hence,  it  is  only  of  scientific  interest. 


5.  Vol.  11(A),  p.  680,  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey;  1908. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


197 


The  Fulton  Green  Shale. 

At  80  to  90  feet  above  the  Sewickley  coal  and  directly 
over  the  Benwood  limestone  in  Ohio  county,  W.  Va.,  there 
occurs  a bright  green  and  finely  laminated  shale,  %l/2  to  5 feet 
thick,  that  has  been  designated  by  G.  P.  Grimsley5a  the  Ful- 
ton Green  Shale  from  a town  of  that  name  just  north  of 
Wheeling  where  it  is  finely  exposed. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  it  crops  over  practically 
the  same  area  as  outlined  above  for  the  Uniontown  limestone. 
It  was  only  observed  at  crop,  however,  at  one  locality.  This 
was  in  a railroad  cut,  one-fifth  mile  southeast  from  Lynch 
where  Mr.  Reger  measured  the  following  section : 


Feet. 


Shales,  pale  green,  Fu  ton 12 

Limestone,  hard,  silieious,  Benwood 4 

Shales,  limy  to  railroad  grade 8 


Here  the  shales  have  a tidal  elevation  of  1035'  A.  T., 
aneroid.  They  do  not  have  any  special  economic  value,  but 
are  of  scientific  interest  in  that  their  coloring  matter  is  quite 
persistent. 

The  Benwood  Limestone. 

The  lower  division  of  the  Great  Limestone  of  Rogers 
has  been  designated  by  I.  C.  White  the  Benwood  from  a town 
of  that  name  in  Marshall  county,  near  which  it  crops  in  prom- 
inent cliffs.  In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area,  the  thickness, 
character  and  relative  position  of  this  stratum  in  the  rock  col- 
umn are  given  in  the  sections  on  preceding  pages  for  Sedalia, 
Brown,  Salem,  Wolf  Summit,  Two  Miles  North  of  Clarksburg 
and  Johnstown. 

In  Doddridge  this  limestone  barely  gets  above  drainage 
where  the  axis  of  the  Arches  Fork  anticline  intersects  Buck- 
eye creek  and  Meathouse  fork  of  the  Middle  Island,  and  South 
and  Middle  forks  of  Hughes  river.  Here  its  horizon  appears 
to  be  occupied  mostly  by  dark  red  shales  with  limestone  nug- 

5a.  Ohio-Brooke-Hancock  Report,  page  92,  W.  Va.  Geo1.  Survey; 
1906. 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  MONONGAHELA  SERIES. 


gets  scattered  throughout,  especially  along  the  two  latter 
streams. 

In  Harrison  this  stratum  attains  a fair  development,  and 
crops  in  the  north  central  and  eastern  portions  of  the  county. 
D.  B.  Reger  collected  samples  for  analysis  and  measured  the 
following  section  at  an  exposure  of  the  Benwood  limestone 
on  the  north  bank  of  Tenmile  creek,  one-half  mile  northeast 
of  Marshville : 

Thickness.  Total. 


Feet.  Feet. 

Sandstone,  shaly 5 5 

Shale,  brown 5 10 

Limestone,  Benwood: 

Limestone,  good 4 14 

Shale,  gray 3 17 

Sandstone,  limy 2 19 

Shale,  gray,  with  limestone  boulders 15  34 

Limestone,  silicious 3 37 

Shale,  variable 10  47 

Limestone,  shaly 10  57 

Limestone,  good,  visible 3 60 

Concealed 4 64 

Limestone,  good 3 67 

Concealed  to  Tenmile  creek 5 72 


The  two  samples  were  collected  from  the  ledges  10'  and 
57'  from  the  top  of  the  section,  the  composition  of  which  is 
reported  as  follows  by  Prof.  Hite : 


Upper 

Lower 

Ledge. 

Ledge. 

Per  cent. 

Per  cent. 

Silica  (Si  Od 

8.12 

7.32 

Ferric  Iron  (Feo03) 

....  1.13 

1.18 

Alumina  (A1203) 

2.17 

0.81 

Calcium  Carbonate  (Ca  C03) 

83.16 

88.12 

Magnesium  Carbonate  (Mg  C03) . . , 

4.91 

2.08 

Phosphoric  Acid  (P203) 

0.11 

0.15 

Totals 

99.60 

99.66 

The  results  reveal  a limestone  much  similar  in  composi- 
tion to  the  same  stratum  on  Scotts  run,  Monongalia  county, 
as  shown  by  the  analysis  published  on  page  94  of  the  Ohio- 
Brooke-Hancock  report  of  the  State  Survey,  and  disclose  a 
bed  adapted  for  both  road  material  and  agricultural  purposes. 

Passing  up  Tenmile  creek  to  the  vicinity  of  Jarvisville, 
we  find  this  ledge  cropping  in  the  road,  three-fourths  mile  due 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  199 

west  of  the  town  at  an  elevation  of  1070'  A.  T.  aneroid.  Here 
it  occurs  in  hard,  yellowish  gray  layers,  the  whole  having  a 
thickness  of  25  feet. 

In  the  extreme  southeastern  part  of  the  county,  it  crops 
in  the  hill  road,  2 miles  due  east  from  Johnstown,  a-t  an  eleva- 
tion of  1485'  A.  T.  aneroid.  Here  it  is  gray,  hard  and  slightly 
silicious.  The  Johnstown  section,  page  128,  exhibits  its  posi- 
tion with  reference  to  the  Redstone  coal,  mined  near  the  crop 
of  the  limestone. 

The  Upper  Sewickley  Sandstone. 

Along  the  Monongahela  river  in  Marion  and  Monongalia 
counties  there  occurs  a massive,  arenaceous  stratum,  40  to 
60  feet  thick,  immediately  over  the  Sewickley  coal,  that  has 
been  designated  from  the  latter  bed  the  Sewickley  sandstone 
by  I.  C.  White.  In  this  report  the  writer  re-names  it  the 
Upper  Sewickley  sandstone  in  contradistinction  to  the  Lower 
Sewickley  ledge  belonging  immediately  under  the  Sewickley 
coal.  In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area,  the  sections  given  on 
preceding  pages  for  Canton,  Long  Run,  Salem,  Wolf  Summit, 
Goodhope,  Clarksburg,  Byron,  Johnstown  and  Gore  disclose 
its  thickness  and  character. 

In  Doddridge  its  crop  is  confined  to  the  immediate  vi- 
cinity of  the  intersections  of  the  axis  of  the  Arches  Fork  an- 
ticline with  Meathouse  fork  and  Bluestone  creek.  It  is  this 
sandstone  that  has  been  quarried  on  the  former  stream  near 
Blandville  to  furnish  piers  for  the  new  public  highway  bridge 
over  Meathouse  fork  at  the  mouth  of  Lick  run.  Here  it  is 
hard,  greenish  gray,  micaceous  and  pebbly,  and  its  top  has  an 
elevation  of  820'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  According  to  Mr.  Reger, 
the  same  ledge  is  quarried  a short  distance  northeast  near 
the  mouth  of  Eibscamp  run. 

Passing  southwestward  along  the  axis  of  the  Arches  Fork 
anticline  to  Bluestone  creek,  we  again  find  it  elevated  above 
drainage.  Here,  Mr.  Reger  reports  it  coarse  and  gray  with 
large  quartz  pebbles,  the  ledge  having  a thickness  of  30  to  40 
feet. 

In  Harrison  the  crop  of  this  stratum  is  confined  mostly 


200 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  M0N0NGAHELA  SERIES. 


to  that  portion  of  the  county  east  of  the  850-foot  Pittsburgh 
coal  structure  contour  on  the  western  slope  of  the  Wolf 
Summit  anticline.  No  quarries  were  observed  on  this  ledge 
in  the  latter  county,  although  it  frequently  attains  workable 
thickness,  hardness  and  purity. 

The  Sewickley  Coal. 

At  70  to  120  feet  above  the  base  of  the  Monongahela 
series  in  southwestern  Pennsylvania  and  northern  West  Vir- 
ginia there  occurs  quite  a persistent  coal  bed  that  has  been 
designated  by  the  First  Geological  Survey  ot  Pennsylvania 
the  Sewickley  coal.  The  same  bed  has  been  mined  to  some 
extent  near  Mapletown,  Greene  county,  Penna.,  and  for  that 
reason  it  is  frequently  referred  to  by  farmers  and  well  drill- 
ers as  the  Mapletown  bed. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area,  its  thickness,  character 
and  relative  position  in  the  rock  column  are  exhibited  in  the 
sections  given  on  preceding  pages  for  Sedalia,  Centerpoint, 
Brown,  Salem,  Wolf  Summit,  Adamsville  and  Two  Miles 
North  of  Clarksburg. 

In  Doddridge  the  crop  of  its  horizon  is  confined  to  the 
immediate  vicinity  of  the  intersections  of  the  axis  of  the 
Arches  Fork  anticline  with  Meathouse  fork  and  Bluestone 
creek.  No  coal  was  observed,  however,  at  either  place.  In 
fact,  this  bed  appears  to  be  absent  almost  entirely  from  the 
measures  in  this  county  as  revealed  by  the  logs  of  numerous 
oil  and  gas  wells.  The  log  of  the  J.  Hudson  diamond  drill 
boring  (21)  used  in  connection  with  the  Sedalia  section,  page 
70,  reports  the  coal  only  6 inches  thick. 

In  Harrison  the  Sewickley  coal  is  elevated  above  drain- 
age a short  distance  east  from  Brown  and  Marshville  and 
crops  over  the  larger  portion  of  the  county  east  of  these 
towns.  As  in  Doddridge,  it  does  not  appear  to  attain  suffi- 
cient regularity  and  thickness  to  be  considered  an  economic 
asset.  The  logs  of  numerous  wells  bored  for  oil  and  gas  in 
almost  every  portion  of  the  county  fail  to  report  this  coal. 

Where  it  crops  in  the  road,  one-third  mile  west  of  Jar- 
visville,  it  is  represented  by  only  a few  inches  of  slaty  coal, 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


201 


at  an  elevation  of  1055'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  The  same  is  true 
where  its  crop  is  exposed  one-half  mile  southwest  of  the 
town. 

Passing  southward  4 or  5 miles  to  Two  Lick  creek,  we 
find  this  bed  cropping  in  the  public  highway  at  an  elevation 
of  1085'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Here  it  is  only  12  inches  thick  and 
very  slaty. 

Mr.  Reger  reports  the  blossom  of  this  coal  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  1215'  A.  T.,  aneroid,  where  it  crops  in  the  public 
highway  two  miles  south  of  Wolf  Summit. 

Passing  to  the  northeastern  portion  of  the  county,  we 
find  this  bed  cropping  in  the  road  near  the  head  of  Mudlick 
run  at  an  elevation  of  1210'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Here  it  is  only 
2 inches  thick.  A short  distance  southeast,  however,  on  the 
head  of  Sugarcamp  run,  it  has  thickened  up  to  6 inches,  at  an 
elevation  of  1285'  A.  T.,  aneroid. 

Passing  southwest  2.5  miles  to  the  hill  road  leading  from 
Simpson  creek  over  onto  Jack  run,  we  find  this  coal  cropping 
at  an  elevation  of  1170'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Here,  according  to 
Mr.  Reger,  it  is  3 feet  thick,  the  greatest  observed  at  crop 
in  the  area  under  discussion. 

Four  miles  northward,  near  the  east  edge  of  Gypsy,  Mr. 
Reger  reports  only  a thin  streak  of  coal  at  the  horizon  of  this 
bed  at  an  elevation  of  1015'  A.  T.,  aneroid. 

Where  it  crops  out  in  the  road  on  Browns  run,  three- 
fourths  mile  northwest  from.  Shinnston,  the  coal  is  only  8 
inches  thick,  at  an  elevation  of  1020'  A.  T.,  aneroid. 

Although  its  horizon  crops  over  a large  portion  of  south- 
ern and  southeastern  Harrison,  no  coal  was  observed  at  num- 
erous exposures  of  the  same. 


The  Lower  Sewickley  Sandstone. 


/ 


At  5 to  10  feet  under  the  Sewickley  coal  near  Gore 
station,  Harrison  county,  there  occurs  a buff,  fine  grained, 
micaceous,  massive  and  arenaceous  stratum,  25  to  30  feet 
thick,  that  has  been  named  by  the  writer  the  Lower  Sewick- 
ley sandstone  in  contradistinction  to  the  Upper  Sewickley 
above.  There  it  has  been  quarried  for  building  purposes  by 


202 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  M0N0NGAHELA  SERIES. 


F.  Flowers.  Its  position  here  in  the  rock  column  is  well 
exhibited  in  the  Gore  section,  page  181.  It  is  also  noted  in 
the  section  for  Byron  and  Johnstown,  pages  122  and  128, 
having  a thickness  of  20  and  30  feet,  respectively.  In  this 
county  it  crops  over  practically  the  same  area  as  that  out- 
lined above  for  the  Sewickley  coal. 

In  Doddridge  this  stratum  does  not  get  above  drainage 
at  any  point  in  the  county.  Its  nearest  approach  to  cropping 
is  near  the  intersections  of  the  axis  of  the  Arches  fork  anti- 
cline with  Meathouse  fork  and  Bluestone  creek,  where  the 
top  portion  of  the  ledge  may  possibly  get  above  stream  level. 

The  Sewickley  Limestone. 

At  a few  feet  below  the  Sewickley  coal  there  occurs  a cal- 
careous stratum,  that  has  been  designated  by  J.  J.  Steven- 
son the  Sewickley  limestone  from  its  association  with  the 
coal  of  that  name.  Its  relative  position  in  the  rock  column 
in  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  is  exhibited  in  the  sections 
for  Centerpoint  and  Brown,  pages  72  and  90,  respectively, 
The  ledge  does  not  get  above  drainage  in  Doddridge  county. 

In  Harrison  the  horizon  of  this  limestone  crops  in  the 
hills  along  or  near  the  crest  of  the  Wolf  Summit  anticline 
from  Bingamon  creek  southward  to  Kincheloe  creek,  and 
eastward  from  this  fold  in  the  rocks  across  the  Shinnston 
Basin  to  near  the  crest  of  the  Chestnut  ridge  anticline  where 
it  passes  into  the  air  to  return  again  into  the  hills  in  the 
Grassland  Basin.  In  the  middle  and  southern  portions  of 
the  county  it  appears  to  have  been  replaced  almost  entirely 
by  brown  and  sandy  shales  and  sandstones,  as  no  limestone 
was  observed  at  this  horizon  in  that  region.  Northward, 
however,  at  the  Marion  county  line,  it  appears  in  good  devel- 
opment on  and  near  the  mouth  of  Bingamon  creek,  accord- 
ing to  D.  B.  Reger,  who  also  reports  it  only  one  foot  thick 
near  the  common  corner  to  Harrison,  Taylor,  and  Barbour 
counties. 

At  the  north  edge  of  Clarksburg,  John  L.  Johnston,  in 
his  Pinnickinnick  Hill  section,  page  182,  reports  nine  feet 
of  this  limestone,  immediately  under  the  Sewickley  coal.  In 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


203 


the  section  for  Two  Miles  North  of  Clarksburg,  page  112, 
Mr.  Reger  reports  the  same  horizon  as  occupied  by  sandy 
shale  and  limestone;  hence,  its  distribution  is  quite  irregular 
over  the  greater  portion  of  the  county. 

The  Redstone  Coal. 

At  50  to  70  feet  below  the  Sewickley  coal  and  20  to  40 
feet  over  the  Pittsburgh  seam  there  occurs  a coal  bed  that 
has  been  designated  the  Redstone  coal  by  H.  D.  Rogers 
from  its  outcrop  along  Redstone  creek,  Fayette,  county, 
Penna. 

Next  to  the  Pittsburgh  vein  it  is  the  most  important 
deposit  of  fuel  in  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area.  Its  thick- 
ness, character  and  relative  position  in  the  rock  column  are 
exhibited  in  the  sections  given  on  preceding  pages  for  Can- 
ton, Salem,  Wolf  Summit  S.,  Goodhope,  Grassland,  Byron, 
Romines  Mills  and  Johnstown. 

Doddridge  County. — The  Redstone  does  not  crop  at  any 
point  in  this  county,  being  entirely  below  drainage,  but  in 
the  northern  portion,  in  the  region  of  Centerpoint  and  Eagle 
Mills,  the  coal  is  reported  in  the  logs  of  several  wells  drilled 
for  oil  and  gas.  The  following  table,  which  explains  itself, 
is  a list  of  the  wells  in  which  it  was  recorded : 


204 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  MONONGAHELA  SERIES. 


List  of  Doddridge  County  Wells  Recording  Redstone  Coal. 


Map 

No. 

Name  of  Well 

Location 

Elevation  of 
Well  Mouth 
L T. 

Redstone  Goal 

Depth 

Feet 

Thic  kness 
Feet 

56 

Emaline  Snodgrass  No.  1 . . 

Centerpoint, 

3 y2  mi.  N 

980B 

770 

58 

Sydney  Joseph  No.  1 

Centerpoint, 

2y2  mi.  N 

905B 

566 

, , 

71 

Sulivan  Heirs  No.  1 

Centerpoint, 

% mi.  N.  W. . 

775B 

419 

6 

79 

I.  J.  Allen  No.  1 

Eagle  Mills, 

1.2  mi.  E 

748L 

500 

80 

Silas  Langfitt  No.  4 

Eagle  Mills, 

0.1  mi.  S.  W.. 

743L 

444 

81 

Silas  Langfitt  No.  7 

Eagle  Mills, 

0.2  mi.  N.  W. . 

748B 

470 

. . 

83 

O.  W.  O.  Hardman  No.  25. 

Eagle  Mills, 

1.5  mi.  N 

855B? 

740 

87 

W.  B.  Allen  No.  7 

Eagle  Mills, 

1.0  mi.  N.  E. . 

825B 

500 

88 

Chas.  Stewart  No.  7 

Eagle  Mills, 

0.9  mi.  S.  W.. 

748L 

333 

, , 

89 

J.  D.  McReynolds  No.  1 

Eagle  Mills, 

1.3  mi.  S 

750B 

330 

4 

99 

Wm.  Sandy  No.  2 

Eagle  Mills, 

3.0  mi.  S.  W. . 

920B 

550 

. . 

100 

Wm.  Sandy  No.  1 

Eagle  Mills, 

3.0  mi.  S.  W. . 

1160B 

798 

• • 

The  thickness  was  recorded  in  only  Nos.  71  and  89. 
According  to  well  drillers  in  this  region,  they  were  able  to 
note  only  a thin  streak  of  coal  at  this  horizon,  apparently 
about  one  foot  thick,  and  for  that  reason  only  the  depth  in 
most  cases  was  recorded.  The  record  of  the  J.  Hudson  diamond 
drill  boring  (21),  used  in  connection  with  the  section  for 
Sedalia,  page  70,  reveals  its  entire  absence  from  the  meas- 
ures. The  logs  of  a large  number  of  other  wells  in  northern 
Doddridge,  as  well  as  a large  number  in  the  central  and 
southern  portions  of  the  county,  fail  to  record  the  bed ; 
hence,  it  is  not  likely  that  the  coal  attains  minable  thickness 
and  regularity. 

Harrison  County. — Since  the  Redstone  coal  occurs  only 
20  to  40  feet  above  the  Pittsburgh  seam,  the  crop  of  the 
horizon  of  the  former  in  Harrison  follows  closely  the  same 
area  as  that  outlined  for  the  latter  bed.  Where  the  coal  ap- 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


205 


parently  attains  minable  thickness  and  regularity  in  the 
southern  and  southeastern  portion  of  the  county,  the  crop  is 
designated  by  an  appropriate  symbol  on  this  map.  In  other 
portions  of  the  area  it  is  omitted. 

In  Sardis,  Ten  Mile,  Eagle,  Clay,  Coal  and  Clark  districts 
the  coal  is  thin,  irregular  and  unimportant.  D.  B.  Reger 
measured  the  following  section  at  an  exposure  of  the  Red- 
stone at  the  point  where  the  Pittsburgh  bed  passes  under 
Little  Tenmile  creek,  three-fourths  mile  northwest  of  Dola: 


Dola  Section. 

Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

Sandstone,  shaly 5 5 

Slate,  gray 8 13 

Sandstone,  limy 3 16 

Slate,  gray 3 19 

Coal,  good 2'  0"  | 

Slate,  gray 1 4 Redstone  coal. . 3.5  22.5  22.5' 

Coal  0 2 J 

Slate,  gray 1 23.5 

Limestone,  good,  to  R.  R.  ] 

grade  5'  [ Redstone 

Concealed  5 f Limestone  . . 20  43.5 

Limestone,  good 10  J 

Concealed  7 50.5  28' 

Coal,  Pittsburgh. 


The  section  reveals  the  thickest  coal  observed  at  this 
horizon  in  the  above  mentioned  districts.  It  evidently  rep- 
resents a local  thickening  of  the  bed,  as  another  section, 
measured  only  1.2  miles  northeast  of  Dola  on  Peters  run  re- 
vealed but  6 inches  of  coal. 

Passing  northeastward  to  Jones  creek,  the  following  sec- 
tion was  measured  at  its  crop  along  the  public  road,  one-half 
mile  northwest  of  Jimtown : 

Feet.  Inches. 


Shale  

Coal,  Redstone 0 10 

Fire  clay 2 0 

Limestone,  Redstone 3 0 

Concealed  


(Elevation  of  coal,  1040'  A.  T.,  aneroid). 

Passing  northeast  four  miles  to  Bingamon  creek,  the 
Redstone  coal  is  found  cropping  in  the  north  edge  of  Wyatt 


206  STRATIGRAPHY THE  MONONGAHELA  SERIES. 

at  an  elevation  of  990'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Here  it  is  only  12 
inches  thick,  immediately  over  8 feet  of  limestone. 

Near  the  mouth  of  Cunningham  run  at  Peora,  Mr.  Reger 
reports  this  bed  12  inches  thick  and  slaty.  Here  it  comes 
immediately  over  the  Redstone  limestone  and  16  feet  above 
the  Pittsburgh  coal.  Its  elevation  is  965'  A.  T.,  aneroid. 

The  following  section  was  measured  at  the  crop  of  the 
coal  one  mile  and  a half  southwest  of  Shinnston  at  the  mouth 


of  Robinson  run : 

Shale  

Feet. 

Inches. 

Coal  

Black  slate  with  coal  streaks..., 

. . . . V 0" 

. . . .2  6 — 3 

6 

Fire  clay  shale 

6 

Limestone,  Redstone 

12 

0 

Where  the  bed  crops  in  the  public  highway  at  the  M.  E. 
Denham  No.  1 well  (585),  one  mile  northwest  of  Lumber- 
port,  it  is  only  4 inches  thick,  coming  25  feet  over  the  Pitts- 
burgh seam,  and  at  an  elevation  of  1135'  A.  T.,  aneroid. 

Five  miles  southeastward  and  one-half  mile  due  south 
of  Saltwell,  the  coal  crops  in  the  hill  road  at  an  elevation 
of  1090'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Here  it  is  20  inches  thick  and  30  feet 
above  the  Pittsburgh  bed.  * 

In  the  extreme  southern  point  of  Simpson  district;  in 
the  southeastern  portion  of  Elk ; in  the  southern  part  of 
Grant;  and  in  the  southeastern  portion  of  Union,  entirely 
different  conditions  prevail  with  this  coal.  There  it  has  fre- 
quently thickened  up  to  seven  feet,  excelling  both  in  quality 
and  thickness  in  several  instances  the  Pittsburgh  bed  below; 
the  latter  in  this  region  being  2 to  3 feet  thinner  than  in  other 
portions  of  the  county  where  it  attains  *its  best  development. 

Two  and  one-half  miles  southwest  from  Grassland,  the 
following  section  was  measured  at  the  S.  R.  Bartlett  mine  in 
this  coal  on  the  south  side  of  Stout  run : 

Feet.  Inches. 

1.  Sandstone,  flaggy,  brown  and  gray,  with 


fossil  plants  10  0 

2.  Coal  1'  10  "1 

3.  Slate,  black 0 0%  j 

*4.  Coal  0 6 [-Redstone?...  5 

5.  Slate,  black 0 0 V8  | 

6.  Coal  3 0 j 


7.  Concealed  by  water. 
(Elevation,  1220'  A.  T.,  aneroid). 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


207 


The  section  resembles  somewhat  the  Pittsburgh  bed,  but 
its  interval,  170  feet,  above  the  Little  Clarksburg  coal,  ap- 
pears too  great  for  it  to  represent  that  seam.  The  partings, 
Nos.  3 and  5 of  section,  may  be  only  local  or  weathered  con- 
ditions, as  water  prevented  the  measurement  of  a section 
inside  the  mine. 

Three  fourths  mile  northeastward  and  on  the  same  side 
of  Stout  run,  the  following  section  was  measured  where  both 
beds  were  opened  in  the  same  hill,  one  almost  directly  over 
the  other.  Both  mines  had  fallen  shut: 

Feet.  Inches. 


Coal,  Redstone,  reported  6'  to 7 0 

Concealed  18  0 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 5 0 


One-fourth  mile  northward  and  two  miles  south  of  Grass- 
land samples  for  analysis  were  collected  and  the  following 
section  was  measured  at  the  L.  P.  Loudin  mine  in  the  Red- 
stone coal. 

L.  P.  Loudin  Mine,  No.  6 on  Map. 

Feet.  Inches. 

1.  Sandy  slate 

2.  Coal  4 2 

3.  Coal,  cannel 0 5 

4.  Fire  clay. 

The  samples  wrere  collected  from  Nos.  2 and  3 of  section, 
the  composition  and  calorific  value  of  which  are  reported  by 
Prof.  Hite  as  follows : 

Proximate.  Ultimate. 


No.  2.  No.  3. 

No.  2. 

No.  3. 

Per  Per 

Per 

Per 

cent.  cent. 

cent. 

cent. 

Moisture  

...0.91  0.88 

Carbon  

. . 79.96 

64.50 

Volatile  Matter. 

. 35.24  32.32 

Hydrogen  

. . 5.27 

3.69 

Fixed  Carbon . . . 

. 59.02  44.30 

Oxygen  

..  7.35 

5.31 

Ash  

. 4.83  22.50 

Nitrogen  

. . 0.98 

1.22 

Sulphur  

..  1.61 

2.78 

Totals 

.100.00  100.00 

Ash  

. . 4.83 

22.50 

Sulphur  

. . 1.61  2.78 

Totals 

. .100.00 

100.00 

Phosphorus  .... 

. . 0.004  0.039 

No.  2. 

No.  3. 

Calorimeter  B.  T.  U 

14,088 

11,396 

Calculated  B.  T.  U 

14,392 

11,373 

Carbon. 

Fuel  ratio  = 

- = 6.56 

2.32 

Oxygen  + Ash 


208 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  MONONGAHELA  SERIES. 


The  results  obtained  for  No.  2 show  this  bed  to  be  a high 
grade  coal.  The  fuel  ratio  (6.56)  is  slightly  higher  than  that 
obtained  for  the  Pittsburgh  vein  in  Harrison  county. 

The  following  detailed  hand-level  section  was  measured 
along  the  hill  road  leading  southwest  from  Brushy  fork,  in 
the  extreme  southern  point  of  Simpson  district: 


Brushy  Fork  Section. 

Feet. 

Concealed  

Coal,  Redstone,  visible 4 

Fire  clay  shale  and  concealed 6 

Limestone,  gray  and  hard,]  Rp#,_tn_p  9 

weathered  yellowish. ...  [ bedstone  ...  A 
Concealed  with  limestone. ..  J -jimeR  one  •• 

Shale,  huff,  limy 6 

Coal  2'  5 " 1 

Slate,  black 0 0%  | Pittsburgh  coal.  G 

Coal  0 6 HElevation>  1260' 

Bone  0 1 | B-A.  T.) 

Coal  3 6 J 

Concealed,  aneroid  measurement 140 

Coal,  Little  Clarksburg 1 

Fire  clay  shale 5 

Limestone,  gray  and  hard,  Clarksburg 4 


Inches. 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

6% 


0 

0 

0 

0 


The  section  is  interesting  in  that  the  detailed  formations, 
separating  the  Redstone  and  Pittsburgh  coals  in  this  region 
are  given.  The  undoubted  Redstone  limestone  is  noted,  and 
the  latter  coal  has  its  type  structure  of  the  northern  end 
of  the  State.  The  interval  between  the  Pittsburg  and  Little 
Clarksburg  coals  is  shown  to  be  only  140  feet;  hence,  the 
identification  of  the  coal  at  the  S.  R.  Bartlett  mine  as  the 
Redstone,  page  206,  is  apparently  correct. 

Passing  5 to  6 miles  southwestward  to  the  low  gap,  one- 
half  mile  east  of  Johnstown,  we  find  the  following  section 
exposed  at  the  Samuel  Lewis  mine  on  the  south  side  of  the 
public  road: 

Feet.  Inches. 

Concealed,  steep  bluff 


Shales,  sandy 10  0 

Coal,  good,  Redstone 5 10 

Fire  clay 


(Elevation  of  coal,  1305'  A.  T.,  aneroid). 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


209 


The  coal  does  not  seem  to  carry  any  partings  whatever. 
Like  other  mines  in  this  region,  the  coal  is  used  for  local  do- 
mestic fuel  only. 

The  Redstone  coal  has  been  opened  by  John  Lewis,  one 
mile  north  70  to  80  degrees  west  from  Johnstown,  at  an  ele- 
vation of  1405'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Here  the  bed  carries  5'  10" 
to  6'  0"  of  clean  coal. 

Three-fourths  mile  southeast  from  Johnstown,  a sample 
for  analysis  was  collected  and  the  following  section  measured 
at  the  Gary  Harris  mine  on  the  northeast  side  of  the  hill  road : 


Gary  Harris  Mine,  No.  7 on  Map. 

Feet.  Inches. 


1.  Concealed 

2.  Coal,  Redstone 7 1 

3.  Concealed  30  0 

4.  Coals,  Pittsburgh,  reported  by  John  Har- 

ris   3 0 


The  sample  was  collected  from  No.  2 of  section,  the  com- 
position and  calorific  value  of  which  is  reported  by  Prof. 
Hite  as  follows : 


Proximate  Analysis. 

Per  cent. 


Moisture  0.76 

Volatile  Matter 39.03 

Fixed  Carbon 55.34 

Ash  4.87 


Total 100.00 

Sulphur  2.82 

Phosphorus  0.020 


Ultimate  Analysis. 

Per  cent. 


Carbon  77.27 

Hydrogen  5.20 

Oxygen  8.77 

Nitrogen  1.07 

Sulphur  2.82 

Ash  4.87 


Total 100.00 


Calorimeter  B.  T.  U 

Calculated  B.  T.  U 

Carbon 

Fuel  ratio  = 

Oxygen  -|-  Ash 


13,991 

13,901 

77.27 

= 5.66 


8.77  + 4.87 


The  lower  fuel  ratio  than  that  given  for  the  Loudin  sam- 
ple, page  207,  may  be  attributed  to  the  slightly  higher  oxygen 
content,  caused  by  more  or  less  weathered  conditions  of  coal 
at  country  banks. 

The  section  shows  a greater  thickness  of  Redstone  coal 
observed  at  crop  than  at  any  other  place  in  the  county.  It 


210  STRATIGRAPHY THE  MONONGAHELA  SERIES. 

also  exhibits  a pronounced  thinning  of  the  Pittsburgh  bed. 

One  mile  and  a half  southwest  from  Johnstown,  the  fol- 
lowing section  is  exposed  at  the  J.  P.  Queen  mine  in  the 
Redstone  coal,  within  300  to  400  feet  of  the  common  corner  to 
Harrison,  Upshur,  and  Lewis  counties : 

Feet.  Inches. 

Sandstone,  massive,  forms  bluff,  Lower  Se- 


wickley  60  0 

Slate,  gray,  5'  to 10  0 

Coal,  clean,  good  Redstone : . . . 6 0 

Fire  clay  and  concealed 30  0 


Coal,  Pittsburgh,  (thickness  concealed) 

(Elevation  of  Redstone  coal,  1363'  A.  T.,  spirit  level). 

The  Redstone  coal  has  been  opened  in  several  places  by 
farmers  on  south  up  Rooting  creek  in  Upshur  county  and 
across  the  divide  on  Plackers  creek.  There  it  ranges  from 
4 to  7 feet  thick,  and  maintains  its  high  reputation  as  a do- 
mestic fuel. 

Along  the  southern  border  of  Grant  district,  1.5  miles 
due  south  of  Rockford,  the  Redstone  coal  has  been  opened 
near  the  summit  of  the  hills  at  an  elevation  of  1500'  A.  T., 
aneroid.  There  its  thickness  is  concealed,  but  the  bed  comes 
10  feet  below  40  feet  of  grayish  brown,  medium  grained,  and 
flaggy  sandstone  (Lower  Sewickley). 

Passing  northwestward  1.5  miles  to  the  low  gap  1.4  miles 
southwest  of  Rockford,  we  find  an  old  abandoned  mine  in 
this  bed,  25  feet  above  the  crop  of  the  Pittsburgh  vein  at  an 
elevation  of  1430'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Here  the  opening  had  fal- 
len shut,  but  the  coal  was  reported  6 feet  thick. 

In  the  vicinity  of  McWhorter  station  along  the  extreme 
southern  border  of  the  county,  the  Redstone  coal  has  been 
mined  on  a commercial  scale  by  three  different  coal  compan- 
ies as  shown  by  mines  Nos.  9,  10  and  11  on  the  General  and 
Economic  Geology  map  accompanying  this  report.  Its  thick- 
ness, character  and  composition  at  these  mines  will  be  dis- 
cussed in  a subsequent  chapter. 

One  mile  due  north  of  McWhorter  on  the  extreme  head 
of  Duck  creek,  D.  B.  Reger  collected  a sample  for  analysis 
and  measured  the  following  section  at  the  James  McIntyre 


mine : 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


211 


James  McIntyre  Mine,  No.  8 on  Map. 

Feet.  Inches. 


1.  Slate,  black 

2.  Coal,  good,  no  partings,  Redstone 5 8 

3.  Shale,  gray  and  concealed 20  0 

4.  Coal  blossom,  Pittsburgh 


(Elevation  of  Redstone  coal,  1359'  A.  T.,  spirit  level). 


The  sample  was  collected  from  No.  2 of  section,  the  com- 
position and  calorific  value  of  which  is  reported  by  Prof.  Hite 
as  follows : 


Proximate  Analysis. 

Per  cent. 


Moisture  1.40 

Volatile  Matter 35.57 

Fixed  Carbon 58.72 

Ash  4.31 


Total 100.00 

Sulphur  1.01 

Phosphorus  0.018 


Ultimate  Analysis. 

Per  cent. 


Carbon  79.15 

Hydrogen  4.96 

Oxygen  9.43 

Nitrogen  1.14 

Sulphur  1.01 

Ash  4.31 


Total 100.00 


Calorimeter  B.  T.  U 

Calculated  B.  T.  U 

Carbon 

Fuel  ratio  = 

Oxygen  + Ash 


14,199 

13,897 

79.15 

= 5.76 


9.43  + 4.31 


Northward  on  Lost  creek,  northwest  from  Lost  Creek 
station,  the  coal  has  been  opened  by  farmers  along  both  sides 
of  the  latter  stream.  One  mile  northwest  from  the  town  and 
on  the  north  side  of  the  creek,  D.  B.  Reger  measured  the 
following  section : 


Section  One  Mile  N.  W.  of  Lost  Creek. 


Feet. 

Sandstone  10 

Coal,  Redstone  (thickness  concealed)  about.  5 

Concealed  10 

Limestone  1'  | 

Shale  5 }•  Redstone. . . 8 

Limestone  2 j 


Slate  3 

Coal,  Pittsburgh,  about 5 


(Elevation  of  Redstone  coal,  1270'  A.  T.,  aneroid). 


Inches. 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  MONONGAHELA  SERIES. 


One  mile  and  a half  northeast  of  Lost  Creek  station,  the 
Redstone  has  thinned  down  to  one  foot,  and  aDout  the  same 
thickness  occurs  near  Byron. 

Passing  on  down  Lost  creek  to  a point  one  mile  southeast 
from  West  Milford,  we  find  an  opening  in  the  Redstone  di- 
rectly over  another  opening  in  the  Pittsburgh  bed,  .according 
to  Mr.  Reger.  The  Redstone  coal  was  reported  7 feet  thick 
by  a farmer. 

Crossing  West  Fork  river  into  Union  district,  we  find  an 
old  opening  in  the  Redstone  coal  on  the  D.  M.  Cole  land  on 
Two  Lick  creek,  1.6  miles  south  20°  west  from  Tichenal  P. 
O.,  at  an  elevation  of  1035'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Here  the  mine 
had  fallen  shut,  but  it  was  reported  7 feet  thick. 

Southwestward  on  the  waters  of  Kincheloe  creek,  the 
coal  has  been  opened  by  Clark  Gaston,  100  yards  north  of 
Mineral  P.  O.  Here  the  following  section  was  measured : 

Feet.  Inches 


Sandstone,  massive 

Shale,  dark 8 0 

Coal,  Redstone 6 0 

Concealed  19  0 

Limestone,  Redstone 8 0 

Concealed  4 0 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 


(Elevation  of  Redstone  coal,  1025'  A.  T.,  aneroid). 

The  coal  has  been  opened  three-fourths  mile  east  of 
Mineral,  opposite  the  mouth  of  Turkey  run.  Here  the  mine 
had  partly  fallen  shut,  but  the  length  of  the  mine  props  used 
gives  the  bed  a thickness  of  4 to  5 feet. 

Additional  details  as  to  the  thickness,  character,  heat 
value,  and  probable  available  area  of  this  coal  will  be  given  in 
a subsequent  chapter  of  this  report. 

The  Redstone  Limestone. 

Frequently  most  of  the  interval  between  the  Redstone 
and  Pittsburgh  coals  is  occupied  by  a calcareous  stratum  that 
has  been  named  the  Redstone  limestone  by  J.  J.  Stevenson 
from  its  association  with  the  overlying  coal. 

It  lies  entirely  below  drainage  in  Doddridge.  In  Harri- 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


213 


son  this  stratum  crops  over  practically  the  same  area  as  that 
outlined  for  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed,  as  it  overlies  the  latter 
only  one  to  ten  feet.  The  sections  for  Grassland,  Dola, 
Brushy  Fork,  and  One  Mile  Northwest  of  Lost  Creek,  ex- 
hibit its  thickness,  character,  and  relative  position  in  the  rock 
column  in  the  area  under  discussion. 

In  the  extreme  northern  portion  of  Harrison,  this  lime- 
stone crops  at  an  elevation  of  890'  A.  T.,  aneroid,  at  the  north 
edge  of  Wyatt.  Here  it  is  yellowish  gray,  hard,  and  8 feet 
thick,  coming  directly  under  1 foot  of  Redstone  coal. 

Passing  southeastward  1.3  miles  to  Peora,  we  find  the 
following  section  exposed  on  the  south  side  of  Bingamon 
creek,  according  to  Mr.  Reger: 

Peora  Section. 

Feet. 


Sandstone  10 

Concealed  15 

Coal,  slaty,  Redstone 1 

Limestone,  good,  Redstone 8 

Shale,  gray 8 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 7 

Concealed  to  creek 6 


Passing  southeastward  from  Peora  2.5  miles  to  the  mouth 
of  Pigeon  run,  we  find  this  limestone  cropping  in  a railroad 
cut.  Here  the  following  section  was  measured : 


Feet.  Inches. 

1.  Coal  1'  0"  1 

2.  Black  slate  with  coal  J- Redstone.. . 8 6 

streaks  2 6 J 

3.  Fire  clay  shale 0 6 

4.  Limestone,  gray  and  hard,  Redstone....  12  0 

5.  Shale,  dark  gray  and  limy 8 0 

6.  Coal,  Pittsburgh,  visible 7 0 

• 

A sample  for  analysis  was  collected  from  the  limestone 
(No.  4 of  section),  the  composition  of  which  is  reported  by 
Prof.  Hite  as  follows: 


214 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  MONONGAHELA  SERIES. 


Per  cent. 


Silica  (Si  02) 10.23 

Ferric  Iron  (Fe2  03) 4.84 

Alumina  (A1203) 9.66 

Calcium  Carbonate  (Ca  C 03) 54.98 

Magnesium  Carbonate  (Mg  C 03) 11.86 

Phosphoric  Acid  (P205) 0.09 

Loss  on  ignition  9.07 


Total 100.73 


The  result  classes  this  ledge  as  a magnesian  limestone, 
as  it  contains  more  than  10  per  cent  magnesium  carbonate 
(Mg.  C03).  It  is  too  high  in  the  latter  to  manufacture  Port- 
land cement,  but  would  burn  into  a fair  quality  of  agricultural 
lime.  In  fact,  this  limestone  adds  greatly  to  the  fertility  of 
the  soil  wherever  it  crops  in  Harrison  county. 

Passing  westward  4.5  miles  to  Jones  creek,  we  find  it 
cropping  along  the  road,  one-half  mile  northwest  from  Jim- 
town,  at  an  elevation  of  1035'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Here,  only  3 
feet  of  the  ledge  is  visible,  2 feet  below  10  inches  of  Redstone 
coal. 

Passing  2.4  miles  southwestward,  we  find  it  cropping  0.7 
mile  northwest  of  Dola.  Its  thickness  there  is  given  in  the 
section  for  Dola,  page  205 

It  is  this  stratum  that  crops  in  the  road,  one  mile  north- 
west of  Lumberport,  at  the  M.  E.  Denham  No.  1 well  (585)  at 
an  elevation  of  1130'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Here  it  is  15  feet  thick, 
directly  under  4 inches  of  Redstone  coal. 

D.  B.  Reger  collected  a sample  of  the  Redstone  lime- 
stone for  analysis  and  measured  the  following  section  on  the 
east  bank  of  West  Fork  river,  0.4  mile  north  of  Gypsy: 


1. 

2. 

3! 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 
9. 


Gypsy  Section. 

Feet. 

Shales  5 

Sandstone,  limy 1 

Sha’es,  brown  and  concealed 10 

Coal,  slaty,  Redstone 1 

Limestone,  silicious 7']  „ , , 

...» 

Shale,  limy  and  red 5 

Coal,  Pittsburgh,  to  B.  & O.  R.  R.  grade 5 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


215 


The  sample  for  analysis  was  collected  from  No.  5 of  sec- 
tion only,  the  composition  of  which  is  reported  by  Prof.  Hite 
as  follows : 

Per  cent. 


Silica  (Si  02) 16.81 

Ferric  Iron  (Fe203) 2.65 

Alumina  (A1203) 3.87 

Calcium  Carbonate  (Ca  C03) 61.30 

Magnesium  Carbonate  (Mg  C03) 14.64 

Phosphoric  Acid  P205) 0.16 


Total 99.43 


The  analysis  reveals  a magnesian  limestone  like  the  sam- 
ple from  the  mouth  of  Pigeon  run,  page  213,  although  it  does 
not  give  a sufficient  amount  of  the  magnesium  carbonate 
(Mg  COs)  to  classify  the  ledge  with  dolomite. 

At  Clarksburg  this  limestone  is  reported  in  the  Pinnick- 
innick  Hill  section,  page  182,  coming  5 feet  under  the  Red- 
stone coal  and  having  a thickness  of  6 feet. 

Passing  southeastward  to  the  southern  point  of  Simpson 
district,  we  find  it  cropping  along  the  hill  road  leading  south- 
west from  Brushy  fork,  at  an  elevation  of  1270'  A.  T.,  aneroid. 
Here  it  is  gray  on  fresh  fracture,  weathering  yellowish  and 
comes  6 feet  under  the  Redstone  coal,  as  will  appear  in  the 
Brushy  Fork  section,  page  208. 

Passing  southwest  from  Grassland  8 miles  to  the  south- 
ern border  of  Harrison,  we  find  this  limestone  cropping  at 
the  J.  T.  Freeman  No.  1 well  (723)  between  an  opening  in  the 
Redstone  coal  and  another  in  the  Pittsburgh  bed.  Here  it 
occupies  a large  portion  of  the  interval — 29  feet — separating 
the  two  coals. 

Northward  on  Lost  creek  this  stratum  is  divided  into  two 
distinct  ledges  by  5 feet  of  shale,  according  to  Mr.  Reger, 
as  exhibited  by  the  section  for  One  Mile  N.  W.  of  Lost  Creek, 
page  211. 

Crossing  the  West  Fork  river  to  the  waters  of  Isaac 
creek,  one-half  mile  northwest  of  Tichenal  P.  O.,  this  lime- 
stone is  found  8 feet  thick  and  quite  prominent  along  the  run 
near  the  W.  B.  Brown  No.  1 well  (496).  Here,  according  to 
Mr.  Reger,  it  was  once  burned  for  agricultural  lime  by  Asa 
Burnside  for  Leeman  Maxwell. 


216 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  MONONGAHELA  SERIES. 


One  mile  and  a half  due  south  of  Tichenal,  it  crops  along 
the  road.  There  it  is  yellowish  and  hard,  6 to  8 feet  thick, 
11  feet  over  the  Pittsburg  coal. 

Passing  southwestward  2 miles  to  Mineral  P.  O.,  we  find 
the  Redstone  limestone  cropping  close  to  creek  level  at  an 
elevation  of  1000'  A.  T.,  hand  level.  Here  it  is  6 to  8 feet 
thick. 

Sufficient  data  have  been  given  to  show  that  the  Red- 
stone limestone  ranges  from  5 to  15  feet  thick  at  nearly  all 
portions  of  the  county  where  its  crop  is  exposed,  and  for  that 
reason  should  furnish  a very  large  supply  of  road  material, 
as  well  as  lime  for  agriculaural  purposes. 

The  Upper  Pittsburgh  Sandstone. 

From  1 to  20  feet  over  the  Pittsburgh  coal  there  often 
occurs  a massive  arenaceous  stratum  that  has  been  designated 
the  Pittsburgh  sandstone  by  H.  D.  Rogers  from  its  associa- 
tion with  the  coal  below.  Later  it  has  been  named  the  Upper 
Pittsburgh  in  contradistinction  to  the  Lower  Pittsburgh  sand- 
stone a short  distance  under  the  same  coal. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area,  the  thickness,  character 
and  relative  position  of  this  formation  in  the  rock  column, 
are  given  in  the  sections  for  Sedalia  and  Long  Run,  pages  70 
and  77,  respectively. 

It  is  entirely  below  drainage  in  Doddridge,  but  in  Har- 
rison it  should  crop  over  practically  the  same  area  as  out- 
lined for  the  Pittsburgh  coal.  In  the  northern  portion  of 
the  latter  county,  it  is  frequently  quite  massive.  One  mile 
and  a half  southeast  of  Dola,  it  is  20  feet  thick,  directly  over 
the  Pittsburgh  coal,  according  the  Mr.  Reger.  No  quarries 
were  observed  on  this  ledge  in  the  county. 

The  Pittsburgh  Coal. 

The  Pittsburgh  coal  bed  is  the  basal  formation  of  the 
Monongahela  series,  and  it  was  named  by  J.  P.  Lesley  in 
1856  from  the  city  of  Pittsburgh,  Penna.,  where  it  crops  high 
up  in  the  river  hills.  Oh  page  164  of  Vol.  II  of  the  State 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  217 

Survey  reports,  I.  C.  White  gives  a very  interesting  account 
of  this  great  coal  seam  and  its  influence  on  the  industrial 
growth  of  that  city  and  northern  West  Virginia. 

In  the  area  under  discussion  the  Pittsburgh  coal  lies 
entirely  below  drainage  in  Doddridge  county,  but  in  Har- 
rison it  crops  over  a great  portion  of  its  area,  as  out- 
lined in  detail  on  the  General,  and  Economic  Geology  map 
accompanying  this  report.  Thereon  it  will  be  noted  that  the 
great  Wolf  Summit  and  Chestnut  Ridge  anticline  are  respon- 
sible for  its  elevation  above  drainage.  In  fact,  along  the 
crests  of  each  arch  in  several  places  it  passes  into  the  air  over 
the  summits  of  the  highest  hills. 

As  mentioned  on  preceding  pages  of  this  report,  this 
stratum  is  largely  used  as  a key  rock  by  oil  and  gas  well 
drillers  to  determine  the  position  of  the  oil  and  gas  bearing 
sands.  The  map  referred  to  above  also  exhibits  by  means  of 
contour  lines,  printed  in  green,  the  elevation  above  mean  tide 
of  the  top  of  this  coal  in  every  portion  of  the  two  counties.  It 
also  shows  the  accurate  location  of  the  oil  and  gas  wells,  dry 
holes,  and  diamond  drill  borings,  a large  number  of  which 
have  been  given  the  same  serial  number  for  reference  pur- 
poses, both  on  the  map  and  in  this  report.  These  numbered 
wells  have  been  listed  in  two  tables,  one  for  each  county,  on 
subsequent  pages.  A large  number  of  the  wells  therein 
record  not  only  the  depth  to  the  Pittsburgh  coal,  but  in  many 
instances  the  thickness  as  well.  The  reader  is  referred  to 
these  tables  of  wells  for  a large  fund  of  information  as  to 
this  bed. 

In  every  portion  of  Harrison  county,  wherever  not  re- 
moved by  erosion,  the  coal  appears  to  attain  minable  thick- 
ness and  regularity,  as  revealed  by  the  logs  of  a large  num- 
ber of  oil  and  gas  wells  and  exposures  at  crop. 

In  Doddridge  an  entirely  different  condition  is  found  to 
prevail  The  eastern  one-third  of  its  area  is  underlaid  with 
Pittsburgh  coal,  ranging  from  5 to  10  feet  thick,  according 
to  well  records,  but  the  western  part  of  the  county  appears 
to  be  barren  of  commercial  coal  at  this  horizon,  although 
the  latter  is  deeply  buried  below  drainage  at  every  point. 
The  approximate  western  boundary  line  where  the  Pittsburgh 


218 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  MONONGAHELA  SERIES. 


coal  bed  of  commercial  thickness  and  purity  disappears  is  out- 
lined in  detail  on  the  Economic  Geology  map  accompanying 
this  report. 

J.  J.  Stevenson  was  the  first  geologist  to  make  a de- 
tailed study  of  the  structure  of  this  coal.  In  Report  K of 
the  Second  Geol.  Survey  of  Penna.,  he  shows  that  a series 
of  thin  parting  clays  and  slates  subdivide  the  vein  into  several 
distinct  beds  as  follows : 


1.  Roof  coals. 

2.  Over  clay. 

3.  Breast  coal. 

4.  Parting. 

5.  Bearing-in  coal. 


6.  Parting. 

7.  Brick  coal. 

8.  Parting. 

9.  Bottom  coal. 


A full  description  of  the  character  and  thickness  of  these 
separate  beds  is  given  by  I.  C.  White  on  pages  166-172  of 
Vol.  II,  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey  reports. 

At  this  time  there  are  60  to  70  commercial  mines  in  the 


Pittsburgh  coal  in  Harrison,  and  none  in  Doddrigde.  All 
are  driven  in  directly  on  the  crop  of  the  bed  or  by  slope.  The 
following  is  a general  type  section  of  the  seam  as  exhibited 


in  these  mines : 

1.  Draw  slate 

2.  Roof  coal. 

3.  Coal  

4.  Bone  

5.  Coal  

6.  Bone  

7.  Coal  

8.  Bone  

9.  Coal  


Feet.  Inches. 

1 0 

1 2 

0 1 

0 4 

0 0*4 

0 3 

0 1 

4 9 


Total 


7 


8% 


Nos.  2 and  3 of  the  section  correspond  to  the  “breast 
coal”  of  Stevenson;  Nos.  5-7  to  the  “bearing-in  coal”;  and 
No.  9 to  the  “brick”  and  “bottom”  coals.  It  will  be  noted 
that  the  “bearing-in  coal”  carries  a thin  parting  (No.  6)  in 
this  region. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


219 


The  thickness,  character,  composition,  and  calorific  value 
of  the  coal  at  the  several  commercial  mines,  as  well  as  local 
country  banks,  will  be  discussed  in  detail  in  a subsequent 
chapter  on  the  coal  resources  of  the  two  counties.  Likewise, 
an  estimate  will  be  given  on  the  probable  available  area  of 
the  bed  by  magisterial  districts. 


CHAPTER  VII. 


THE  CONEMAUGH  SERIES. 


The  Conemaugh  series  is  that  division  of  the  rock 
column  that  begins  at  base  with  the  top  of  the  Upper  Free- 
port coal  and  extends  up  to  the  base  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal 
bed.  This  group  of  rocks  was  formerly  known  as  the  Lower 
Barren  Measures,  and  later  as  the  Elk  River  series.  The 
name  Conemaugh  was  the  earliest  applied  to  the  series  by 
Franklin  Platt  in  1875,  from  the  outcrop  along  Conemaugh 
river  in  Cambria  county,  Penna.  In  Vol.  II,  pp.  225-226  of 
the  State  .Survey  reports,  I.  C.  White  gives  an  interesting  ac- 
count of  this  series  in  West  Virginia. 

This  group  of  rocks  lies  entirely  below  drainage  in  Dod- 
dridge, but  in  Harrison,  the  Wolf  Summit  and  Chestnut 
Ridge  anticlines  elevate  the  series  into  the  hills  and  valleys. 
The  Conemaugh  crop  in  this  county  is  outlined  in  detail  on 
the  General  and  Economic  Geology  map  accompanying  this 
report,  and  its  thickness  ranges  from  525  feet  in  northwestern 
Doddridge  to  almost  600  feet  in  southeastern  Harrison. 

The  *writer  has  compiled  the  following  general  section  of 
the  Conemaugh  series  in  West  Virginia  from  a large  number 
of  detailed  sections  of  these  measures  as  published  in  the 
State  Survey  reports.  As  these  rocks  were  first  studied  and 
described  in  Pennsylvania,  a large  percentage  of  the  names 
are  taken  from  places  in  that  State.  Several  have  been  added 
later,  however,  from  Ohio  and  West  Virginia: 

General  Section  of  Conemaugh  Series  in  West  Virginia. 

Thickness.  Depth. 

Feet.  Feet. 


Fire  clay  and  shale 5 5 

Sandstone,  massive,  Lower  Pittsburgh 35  40 

Shale,  gray 3 43 

Upper  Pittsburgh  Limestone 4 47 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


221 


Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

Coal,  Little  Pittsburgh 1 48  48' 

Fire  clay  and  gray  shale 7 55 

Lower  Pittsburgh  Limestone 10  65 

Shale,  sandy  and  red 58  123 

Sandstone,  massive,  pebbly,  Connellsvilie.  ..  25  148 

Coal,  Little  Clarksburg 2 150  102' 

Shale,  dark 5 155 

Limestone,  gray  and  hard,  Clarksburg 10  165 

Shale,  sandy  and  red 48  213 

Sandstone,  massive,  Morgantown 40  253 

Coal,  Elk  Lick 2 255  105' 

Fire  clay  and  shale 10  265 

Limestone,  gray,  Elk  Lick 5 270 

Shale,  sandy  and  red,  Birmingham 10  280 

Sandstone,  massive,  pebbly,  Grafton 20  300 

Limestone,  fossiliferous,  Upper  Ames 4 304 

Shale,  fossiliferous,  dark  green 15  319 

Limestone,  fossiliferous,  Lower  Ames 3 322 

Shale,  dark 6 328 

Coal,  Harlem 2 330  75' 

Fire  clay  and  shale,  red 10  340 

Limestone,  gray,  Ewing 5 345 

Red  shale,  ‘Pittsburgh  Reds” 40  385 

Sandstone,  massive,  Saltsburg 40  425 

Coal,  Bakerstown 1 426  96' 

Fire  clay 3 429 

Limestone,  Pine  Creek 1 430 

Shale  15  445 

Sandstone,  massive,  pebbly,  Buffalo 50  495  69' 

Brush  Creek  limestone...  5'] 

Shale,  black 10  | Don’t  outcrop 

Coal,  Brush  Creek j-  in  Doddridge-  95  590  95' 

Sandstone,  Mahoning  to  j Harrison  area. 


SECTIONS. 

( 

In  Chapter  IV  a number  of  sections  of  the  Conemaugh 
series  in  both  counties  are  published.  In  addition,  several 
scattered  sections  of  these  measures  as  exposed  at  crop  in 
Harrison  will  now  be  given. 

The  following  section  was  measured  with  aneroid  from 
the  summit  of  a high  knob  on  the  head  of  Ann  run  in  the 
northeast  corner  of  Simpson  district,  northeastward  along 
the  hill  road  to  Corbin  branch  of  Booths  creek.  Additional 
formations  were  added  from  exposures  along  the  road  leading 
southwest  down  Ann  run : 


222 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  CONEMAUGH  SERIES. 


Section  on  Head  of  Ann  Run,  Simpson  District. 


Thickness 

Monongahela  Series  (10') 

Sandstone,  massive,  capping  knob,  Upper 


Total. 


Conemaugh  Series. 


Concealed  and  fire  clay 

Limestone,  gray  and  brecciated 1 

Sandstone,  massive,  coarse,  Connellsville. . 

Concealed  39.5 

Black  slate,  Little  Clarksburg  coal  horizon.. 
Limestone,  gray  and  hard . . 1' ) . , 

Limestone;  yellowish 4 J Clarksburg  .. 

Concealed,  massive  sandstone  and  concealed 


Concealed  and  shale ... 

Fire  clay  shale 

Shale,  red 

Shale,  red,  concealed  and  sandstone 32 

Concealed  

Coal  blossom,  Elk  Lick 

Fire  clay  shale 15 

Concealed  

Shale,  red 10 

Sandstone,  Grafton 

Shale,  red  and  brown 

Concealed  and  shale 

Coal,  Harlem,  8"  to 


Coal  

Slate,  gray . 
Coal  


11 

0y2°  {►Bakerstown  coal.. 

« j 


Feet. 

Feet. 

10 

10 

10' 

35 

45 

0 

45 

29 

74 

1 

75 

20 

95 

39.5 

134.5 

0.5 

135 

125' 

5 

140 

29.5 

169.5 

0.5 

170 

5 

175 

5 

180 

5 

185 

32 

217 

3 

220 

0 

220 

85' 

15 

235 

5 

240 

10 

250 

40 

290 

15 

305 

4 

309 

1 

310 

90' 

39.5 

349.5 

0.5 

350 

30 

380 

1.46 

381.46 

71.46' 

Fire  clay  and  concealed  to  Corbin  branch 
level  due  east  of  northeast  corner  Simp- 
son district 5 


386.46 


The  section  was  measured  almost  along  the  strike  of  the 
strata  and  for  that  reason  the  intervals  and  totals  are  ap- 
proximately correct. 

The  following  section  of  the  Conemaugh  series  was 
measured  with  aneroid  by  D.  B.  Reger  from  an  opening  in 
the  Pittsburgh  coal  near  the  low  gap  southwest  of  Tyconnell 
Mines,  Taylor  county,  southwestward  along  the  hill  road 
leading  down  to  Beards  run: 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  223 

Beards  Run  Section,  Simpson  District. 

Thickness.  Total 
Feet.  Feet. 


Concealed  20  20 

Sandstone,  flaggy,  Lower  Pittsburgh 30  50 

Concealed  40  90 

Sandstone,  shaly 10  100 

Concealed  10  110 

Shale,  brown 10  120 

Concealed  24.5  144.5 

Coal  (6"),  Little  Clarksburg 0.5  145  145' 

Concealed  25  170 

Shale,  red 10  180 

Sandstone,  flaggy 10  190 

Shale,  variegated 20  210 

Sandstone,  flaggy,  Morgantown,  to  foot  of 

hill  road 25  235 

Concealed  74  309 

Coal,  Harlem 1 310  165' 


The  following  section  of  the  top  portion  of  the  Cone- 
maugh  series  was  measured  from  an  opening  in  the  Pitts- 
burgh coal  northeastward  along  the  hill  road  leading  down 
to  Lost  creek,  two  miles  west  of  the  town  of  that  name : 


Section  Two  Miles  West  of  Lost  Creek,  Grant  District. 

Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 


Concealed  29  29 

Fire  clay,  Little  Pittsburg  coal  horizon 1 30 

Concea’ed  30  60 

Shale,  red 20  80 

Concealed,  mostly  sandstone 35  115 

Sandstone,  shaly,  Connellsville 10  125 

Shale  and  concealed 4 129 

Coal,  Little  Clarksburg 1 130 


The  following  section  of  the  upper  portion  of  the  Cone- 
maugh  series  was  measured  with  aneroid  from  an  opening 
in  the  Pittsburgh  coal  located  in  the  low  gap,  two  miles  south- 
west of  Goodhope,  northward  along  the  hill  road  to  Two 
Lick  creek : 


Section  Two  Miles  Southwest  of  Goodhope,  Union  District., 

Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

10  10 

5 15 


Concealed 
Shale  . . . 


224 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  CONEMAUGH  SERIES. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Sandstone,  Lower  Pittsburgh 10  25 

Concealed  25  50  50' 

Fire  clay 0 50 

Shale,  red  and  huff 15  65 

Concealed  15  80 

Sandstone,  flaggy 15  95 

Concealed  10  105 

Shale,  dark  red,  limy 5 110 

Concealed  20  130 

Shale,  red 9 139 

Limestone,  gray  and  hard,  Clarksburg 1 140  90' 

Shale,  red 10  150 

Shale,  sandy,  buff 5 155 

Concealed  18  173 

Limestone,  shaly,  gray,  nodular 2 175 

Concealed  to  Two  Lick  Creek 70  245  105' 


The  Little  Pittsburgh  coal  probably  belongs  in  the  25  feet 
of  concealed  interval  immediately  over  the  fire  clay  at  50  feet 
from  the  top  of  the  section. 


DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  CONEMAUGH  FORMATIONS 

The  Lower  Pittsburgh  Sandstone. 

At  5 to  10  feet  under  the  Pittsburgh  coal  there  often 
occurs  a massive,  arenaceous  stratum,  10  to  40  feet  thick, 
that  has  been  designated  the  Lower  Pittsburgh  sandstone. 
It  is  the  highest  formation  yet  described  and  named  in  the 
Conemaugh  series. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area,  its  thickness,  character, 
and  relative  position  in  the  rock  column  are  exhibited  in 
the  sections  given  on  preceding  pages  for  Centerpoint,  Long 
Run,  Wolf  Summit,  and  Byron.  It  does  not  get  above  drain- 
age in  Doddridge,  but  in  Harrison  its  horizon  crops  to  the 
surface  either  in  whole  or  in  part  over  practically  the  same 
portion  of  the  county  as  that  outlined  for  the  Pittsburgh  coal. 

According  to  D.  B.  Reger,  this  stratum  crops  just  above 
water  level  along  Bingamon  creek,  one-half  mile  below 
Peora.  Here  it  is  20  feet  thick,  and  its  base  has  an  elevation 
of  955'  A.  T.,  aneroid. 


grade,  two  miles  north  of  Clarksburg. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  225 

Passing  eastward  to  the  west  bank  of  West  Fork  river, 
we  find  a quarry  on  this  ledge  near  the  school  house  oppo- 
site Viropa.  Here,  according  to  Mr.  Reger,  it  is  gray,  med- 
ium grained  and  hard,  and  has  been  quarried  and  crushed 
quite  extensively  to  furnish  ballast  for  the  Fairmont  & 
Clarksburg  electric  railroad.  The  ledge  has  a thickness  of 
35  feet,  and  its  base  an  elevation  of  915'  A.  T.,  aneroid. 

Near  the  school  house  on  Flaggy  run,  0.9  mile  north- 
west of  Sardis,  this  sandstone  crops  in  a conspicuous  bluff, 
its  base  extending  to  30  feet  below  an  opening  in  the  Pitts- 
burgh coal.  Here  the  ledge  is  gray  and  coarse. 

In  the  section  given  for  Gore,  page  181,  10  feet  of  the 
bottom  portion  of  the  ledge  is  recorded,  32  feet  below  the 
Pittsburg  coal.  Here  it  is  massive  and  quite  limy,  forming 
in  conjunction  with  the  Pittsburgh  limestone  conspicuous 
bluffs  eastward  along  the  W.  Va.  Short  Line  Branch  of  the 
B.  & O.  Railroad. 

Passing  to  the  eastern  part  of  Simpson  district  we 
find  it  cropping  along  the  hill  road  leading  northeastward 
from  Beards  run,  2j4  miles  southeast  from  Cffal.  Here, 
according  to  Mr.  Reger,  it  is  flaggy,  30  feet  thick,  and  20 
feet  below  an  opening  in  the  Pittsburgh  coal.  The  interval 
between  the  latter  and  the  sandstone  observed  was  con- 
cealed ; hence,  probably  10  feet  of  the  top  portion  of  the 
ledge  was  invisible. 

The  Upper  Pittsburgh  Limestone. 

At  30  to  40  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal  there  often 
occurs  a calcareous  stratum,  1 to  5 feet  thick,  that  has  been 
designated  the  Upper  Pittsburgh  limestone  by  I.  C.  White1 
from  its  association  with  the  Pittsburgh  coal  and  in  contra- 
distinction to  the  Lower  Pittsburgh  limestone. 

It  lies  below  drainage  in  Doddridge,  but  it  is  noted  in 
the  log  of  the  boring  used  in  connection  with  the  Center- 
point  section,  page  72,  coming  there  31  feet  below  the 
Pittsburgh  coal  horizon  and  having  a thickness  of  6 feet. 


1.  Vo’.  II,  page  245,  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey;  1903. 


226 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  CONEMAUGH  SERIES. 


In  Harrison  this  limestone  crops  over  practically  the 
same  area  as  that  outlined  above  for  the  Lower  Pittsburgh 
sandstone.  The  only  points  in  the  county  that  it  was  defin- 
itely identified  was  near  Gore  station  of  the  Fairmont  & 
Clarksburg  electric  railroad  and  in  a railroad  cut  1 mile  north- 
west of  Glen  Falls.  At  the  former  place  an  exposure  reveals 
it  only  6 inches  thick,  gray  and  hard,  coming  4 feet  under  the 
Lower  Pittsburgh  sandstone,  directly  over  the' horizon  of  the 
Little  Pittsburgh  coal,  and  3.5  feet  above  the  Lower  Pitts- 
burgh limestone.  It  has  the  same  thickness  at  the  latter 
place,  coming  directly  over  the  Little  Pittsburgh  coal  and  9 
feet  over  the  Lower  Pittsburgh  limestone. 

D.  B.  Reger  measured  the  following  section  at  an  expos- 
ure of  a limestone  at  the  south  edge  of  Clarksburg,  that  ap- 
pears to  represent  the  Upper  Pittsburgh  ledge : 

Feet.  Inches. 


1. 

Coal  

P 0"] 

2. 

Concealed 

4 0 

- Pittsburgh  . 

8 

1 

3. 

Coal  

3 0 J 

4. 

Limestone, 

gray  and  hard. 

4 

0 

5. 

Concealed 

. 123 

0 

6. 

Sandstone, 

Connellsville. . 

. 30 

0 

7. 

Concealed 

to  Elk  Creek . . . 

. 30 

0 

Its  close  proximity  with  the  Pittsburgh  coal  makes  it 
appear  rather  doubtful  whether  or  not  it  correlates  with  the 
Upper  Pittsburgh  limestone,  and  if  so,  the  Lower  Pittsburgh 
sandstone  has  been  cut  away  entirely.  Otherwise,  it  is 
merely  a local  deposit,  as  no  limestone  was  observed  so  close 
under  the  Pittsburgh  coal  in  any  other  portion  of  the  county. 

Mr.  Reger  collected  a sample  of  the  limestone  (No.  4 of 
section)  for  analysis,  the  composition  of  which  is  reported  by 
Prof.  Hite  as  follows : 

Per  cent. 


Silica  (Si  02) 6.51 

Ferric  Iron  (Fe203) 1.95 

Alumina  (A1203) 1.93 

Calcium  Carbonate  (Ca  C03) 85.88 

Magnesium  Carbonate  (Mg  C03) 2.13 

Phosphoric  Acid  (P203) 0.33 

Loss  on  ignition 0.39 


Total 99.12 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


227 


The  results  reveal  a bed  adapted  for  road  material  and 
for  the  manufacture  of  agricultural  lime.  The  phosphoric 
acid  content  is  higher  than  that  found  in  the  results  on  pre- 
ceding pages  for  the  Uniontown,  Benwood,  and  Redstone 
limestones. 

The  Little  Pittsburgh  Coal. 

At  40  to  50  feet  under  the  Pittsburgh  coal  there  fre- 
quently occurs  a thin  coal  that  has  been  designated  the  Little 
Pittsburgh  by  I.  C.  White2  from  its  association  with  the  over- 
lying  bed. 

In  Doddridge  this  coal  lies  below  drainage,  but  in  Harri- 
son it  crops  to  the  surface  over  almost  the  same  area  as  out- 
lined for  the  Pittsburgh  bed.  The  sections  given  on  preceding 
pages  for  Wolf  Summit  S.,  Wilsonburg  S.,  Gore,  and  Byron 
exhibit  its  thickness,  character  and  relative  position  in  the 
rock  column.  It  does  not  attain  merchantable  thickness  and 
regularity  at  any  point  in  either  county. 

The  following  section  was  measured  at  an  exposure  of 
this  bed  in  a railroad  cut,  one  mile  northwest  of  Glen  Falls: 

Glen  Falls  Section. 

Feet.  Inches. 


Coal  blossom,  Pittsburgh 

Concealed  4 0 

Sandstone,  massive,  Lower  Pittsburgh 15  0 

Limestone,  gray  and  bard,  Upper  Pitts- 
burgh   0 6 

Coaly  shale  and  slate,  Little  Pittsburgh 3 0 

Shale,  gray,  limy 6 0 

Limestone,  silicious,  broken 4 0 

Shale,  red  to  railroad  grade 3 6 


The  following  section  was  measured  at  an  exposure  of 
this  seam  just  north  of  Peora  on  Bingamon  creek: 


Feet.  Inches. 


Sandstone,  massive,  Lower  Pittsburgh 30  0 

Coal,  Little  Pittsburgh 0 10 

Shale,  gray 0 10 

Limestone,  dark  gray,  with  shale  layers 6 0 


2.  Vol.  II,  pp.  245-246,  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey;  1903. 


228 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  CONEMAUGH  SERIES. 


Crossing  West  Fork  river  to  Coon  run  in  the  northern 
part  of  Clay  district,  we  find  this  coal  cropping  almost  flush 
with  the  top  of  the  Alice  Corpening  No.  1 well  (612).  Here 
it  is  only  6 inches  thick. 

Both  the  Gore  and  Glen  Falls  sections  note  its  horizon, 
and  show  that  the  bed  belongs  in  the  interval  between  the 
Upper  and  Lower  Pittsburgh  limestones. 

Passing  to  the  southeast  corner  of  Harrison  to  a point 
one  mile  northwest  from  Johnstown,  we  find  this  coal  crop- 
ping along  the  hill  road  leading  southwest  to  Lost  creek. 
Flere  it  is  12  inches  thick,  and  has  an  elevation  of  1370'  A.  T., 
spirit  level,  coming  25  to  30  feet  under  the  Pittsburg  bed. 

Just  across  the  Harrison  line  in  the  northern  edge  of 
LTpshur,  an  exposure  of  this  coal  is  found  along  the  road 
leadiing  up  Rooting  creek,  2j4  mile  due  south  of  Johnstown. 
Here  it  is  18  inches  thick  and  quite  slaty. 

The  Lower  Pittsburgh  Limestone. 

At  50  to  60  feet  under  the  Pittsburgh  coal  and  1 to  5 feet 
under  the  Little  Pittsburgh  bed,  there  occurs  a calcareous 
stratum  that  has  been  designated  by  I.  C.  White3  the  Lower 
Pittsburgh  limestone.  It  lies  below  drainage  in  Doddridge 
county. 

In  Harrison  this  ledge  attains  a fair  development  as  re- 
vealed by  the  sections  for  Gore  and  Glen  Falls,  pages  181  and 
227,  respectively.  At  the  former  place  its  thickness,  including 
3 feet  of  gray,  limy  shale  1'  6"  above  the  bottom  is  11'  6", 
coming  50  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal.  At  the  latter 
point  it  is  only  4 feet  thick,  coming  30  to  35  feet  under  the 
same  coal.  The  ledge  appears  to  be  very  silicious  at  both 
localities  and  does  not  seem  to  have  any  economic  impor- 
tance, except  for  road  material. 


3.  Vol.  II,  p.  245,  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey;  1903. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  . 229 

The  Connellsville  Sandstone. 

At  75  to  100  feet  under  the  Pittsburgh  coal  there  occurs 
a coarse,  brown  and  massive  sandstone  of  great  economic 
importance.  The  stratum  rises  from  the  bed  of  the  Yough- 
iogheny  river  at  Connellsville,  Penna.,  from  which  locality  it 
was  named  by  J.  J.  Stevenson.  The  reader  is  referred  to 
pages  247-248  of  Vol.  II  of  the  State  Survey  reports  for  a 
detailed  description  of  this  ledge  in  West  Virginia. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  the  sections  given  on 
preceding  pages  for  Centerpoint,  Salem,  Goodhope,  Wilson- 
burg  S.,  Byron,  Romines  Mills,  and  Johnstown  exhibit  its 
thickness,  character,  and  relative  position  in  the  rock  column. 

• It  lies  entirely  below  drainage  in  Doddridge,  but  crops 
to  the  surface  in  Harrison  along  the  crest  of  the  Wolf  Sum- 
mit anticline;  along  West  Fork  river,  south  of  Farnum ; over 
all  that  portion  of  the  county  south,  southeast  and  east  of 
Clarksburg;  and  the  eastern  border  of  Clay  and  Simpson  dis- 
tricts. It  generally  forms  a steep  slope  around  the  hill  sides 
wherever  it  crops. 

According  to  D.  B.  Reger  it  is  this  stratum  that  forms 
the  rapids  in  West  Fork  river  at  Meadowbrook  station  on  the 
Fairmont  & Clarksburg  electric  railroad.  One  mile  due 
westward,  its  crop  is  exposed  on  Lambert  run.  There  it  is 
quite  massive  and  30  feet  thick. 

This  sandstone  crops  along  the  hill  road-,  three-fourths 
mile  southwest  of  Wilsonburg  at  an  elevation  of  1090'  A.  T., 
aneroid.  Here  it  is  coarse  and  brown  at  bottom,  green  and 
medium  grained  at  top,  and  35  feet  thick. 

Passing  southeastward  3.5  miles  to  the  hill  road  leading 
northward  from  the  mouth  of  Coburn  creek,  we  find  this 
ledge  cropping  at  an  elevation  of  1055'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Here 
it  is  30  feet  thick,  coarse,  brown  and  pebbly,  coming  65  feet 
under  the  crop  of  the  Little  Pittsburgh  coal. 

In  the  eastern  portion  of  Simpson  district,  Mr.  Reger 
reports  this  sandstone  cropping  on  the  head  of  Davisson  run, 
1.6  miles  southwest  of  Oral,  at  an  elevation  of  1275'  A.  T., 
aneroid.  Here  it  is  35  feet  thick,  coarse,  brown  and  pebbly. 

Passing  to  the  extreme  eastern  point  of  the  district,  we 


230 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  CONEMAUGH  SERIES. 


find  it  cropping,  according  to  Mr.  Reger,  along  the  hill  road 
leading  northeast  from  Pigtail  run  to  the  common  corner  to 
Harrison,  Taylor  and  Barbour  counties,  at  an  elevation  of 
1160'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Here  it  is  20  feet  thick,  massive,  coarse, 
and  very  pebbly,  coming  directly  over  one  foot  of  Little 
Clarksburg  coal. 

At  the  south  edge  of  Clarksburg  an  exposure  reveals  30 
feet  of  this  sandstone.  Southward  along  West  Fork  river 
and  Browns  creek,  it  has  been  quarried  quite  extensively  for 
building  purposes.  The  first  quarry  occurs  on  the  east  bank 
of  the  river,  one-half  mile  northwest. of  Lewis  (Lynch  Mines). 
Here,  according  to  Mr.  Reger,  it  makes  a prominent  cliff  35 
feet  high,  at  an  elevation  of  1020'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Stone 
from  this  quarry  was  used  in  lining  the  railroad  tunnel,  one 
mile  southwest  of  Clarksburg.  A section  measured  with 
hand  level  by  Mr.  Reger  at  Lewis,  gives  the  following  suc- 
cession : 

Lewis  (Lynch  Mines)  Section. 

Feet. 


Coal,  Pittsburgh 8 

Concealed  and  brown  shale 68 

Sandstone,  Connellsville 38 

Concealed  to  river  level 66 


Passing  southeastward  up  Browns  creek  to  a point  one- 
half  mile  northwest  of  Byron  (Mt.  Clare),  we  find  a quarry 
in  this  ledge  on  the  land  of  J.  B.  Smith,  on  the  west  side  of 
the  railroad.  Here  Mr.  Reger  collected  a sample  of  the  sand- 
stone for  analysis  and  obtained  the  following  data : 

Feet. 


1.  Sandstone,  flaggy 8 

2.  Sandstone,  massive 15 

3.  Concealed  to  B.  & O.  R.  R 8 


“The  sandstone  has  bedding  planes  running  through  it  at  dis- 
tances varying  from  1 to  8 feet.  Joint  planes  run  N.  10°  E.  and  N. 
40°  W.  The  upper  part  of  the  ledge  is  medium  grained,  steel  gray, 
hard,  and  weathers  to  a brown  color.  The  lower  4 feet  has  small 
quartz  pebbles.  Quarry  "is  on  north  side  of  hollow  and  has  been 
worked  back  into  the  hill  about  100  feet,  and  is  about  300  feet  long, 
and  quarried  cut  farther  in  the  middle,  so  that  its  face  is  semi-cir- 
cular and  runs  about  N.  15°  E.  Only  3 to  4 feet  of  soil  on  top  of 
stone.  The  quarry  is  now  owned  or  leased  by  the  Byron  Domestic 
Coal  Co.  Stone  from  here  was  used  in  the  construction  of  the  Short 
Line  R.  R.  bridges  at  Clarksburg,  and  of  the  Federal  building  at  the 
latter  place.” 


PLATE  VII. — Quarry  near  the  summit  of  hill  at  Byron,  Harrison 
county,  in  Connellsville  sandstone. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


231 


Mr.  Reger  collected  the  sample  for  analysis  from  No.  2 
only  of  section,  the  composition  of  which  is  reported  by  Prof. 
Hite  as  follows : 

Per  cent. 


Silica  (Si  02) 85.32 

Ferric  Iron  (Fe203) 6.30 

Alumina  (A1203) 2.46 

Lime  (Ca  0) 1.06 

Magnesia  (Mg  0) 0.70 

Sodium  (Na20) 1.09 

Potassium  (K20) 0.71 

.Titanium  (Ti  0,) 0.20 

Phosphoric  Acid  (P205) 0.44 

Loss  on  ignition 2.27 


Total 100.55 


The  results  reveal  the  cause  of  the  durability  of  this 
rock  when  used  for  building  purposes,  as  it  contains  no  cal- 
cium carbonate  (CaCOs)  whatever,  and  has  for  its  cementing 
principle  a fairly  large  per  cent  of  the  oxide  of  iron  (Fe203). 

Another  quarry  on  the  same  stratum  is  opened  a short 
distance  to  the  southeast  on  the  land  of  John  Wagner.  A 
water  well  drilled  near  these  two  quarries  showed  the  ledge 
slightly  over  40  feet  thick. 

1 Crossing  West  Fork  river  at  a point  2 miles  due  west 
from  West  Milford,  we  find  this  stratum  cropping  along  a 
private  road  on  the  land  of  Smith  Bros.,  according  to  Mr. 
Reger,  who  reports  it  20  feet  thick,  and  shaly,  coming  10  feet 
over  the  Little  Clarksburg  coal. 


The  Little  Clarksburg  Coal. 

From  110  to  130  feet  under  the  Pittsburgh  coal,  and  1 
to  10  feet  under  the  Connellsville  sandstone  there  occurs  a very 
persistent  coal  bed  in  northern  West  Virginia  that  has  been 
named  the  Little  Clarksburg  coal  by  I.  C.  White  who  gives 
the  following  interesting  account  of  this  bed  at  its  type  lo- 
cality in  Harrison  county  on  pages  248-249  of  Vol.  II,  W.  Va. 
Geological  Survey : 

“Just  under  the  Connellsville  sandstone  there  comes  a widely  per- 
sistent coal  bed,  which  the  writer  named  from  the  city  of  Clarksburg 
where  it  crops  along  the  valley  of  Elk  creek  and  the  West  Fork  river. 


232 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  CONEMAUGTI  SERIES. 


The  coal  is  often  double,  with  two  or  three  feet  of  slate  or  shale 
separating  as  many  feet  of  impure,  bony  coal,  so  that  in  the  Allegany 
and  Garrett  county,  Maryland,  area,  the  bed  is  frequently  termed  the 
“Dirty  Nine-Foot”  coal.  This  double  character  of  the  coal  is  ex- 
hibited along  Elk  creek,  below  Quiet  Dell,  in  Harrison  county,  and 
also  in  the  vicinity  of  Berryburg,  Barbour  county,  as  well  as  on 
Gnatty  Creek  and  other  tributaries  of  Elk  in  Harrison  county.  The 
same  feature  has  been  noted  in  Lewis  and  Upshur. 

“This  stratum  was  named  the  Little  Clarksburg  coal  by  the  writer 
because  in  the  vicinity  of  Clarksburg,  where  the  bed  was  first  studied 
and  described,  the  main  Pittsburgh  coal,  which  is  there  extensively 
mined,  is  locally  known  as  the  ‘Clarksburg’  coal.” 

In  Doddridge  this  coal  does  not  get  above  drainage,  but 
it  is  noted  in  the  log  of  the  boring  used  in  connection  with 
the  Long  Run  section,  page  77.  It  does  not  attain  minable 
thickness  and  regularity  in  this  county. 

In  Harrison  this  coal  is  recorded  in  the  sections  given 
on  preceding  pages  for  Goodhope,  Wilsonburg  S.,  Clarks- 
burg, Bridgeport,  and  Grassland.  In  this  county  it  crops 
over  practically  the  same  area  as  that  outlined  above  for 
the  Connellsville  sandstone. 

In  the  western  portion  of  Eagle  district,  this  coal  crops 
along  the  Short  Line  railroad,  one-fourth  mile  southeast  from 
Dola,  at  an  elevation  of  963'  A.  T.  spirit  level,  where  the 
following  section  was  measured : 


Feet. 

Inches. 

Sandstone,  massive, 

Connellsville 

. 20 

0 

Sha’e,  dark 

Slate,  cannelly 

. . 0'  8"  1 

4 

0 

Limestone,  silicious. 

. .0  6 1 Little 

Shale,  with  limestone. 5 0 [ Clarksburg  . 

7 

4 

Coal  

Fire  clay 

..1  2 j 

0 

6 

Limestone,  yellow  and  hard,  Clarksburg. . . , 

..  2 

0 

Concealed  

The  section  illustrates  the  double-bedded  character  of 
the  coal,  and  the  presence  of  a thin  limestone  between  the 
upper  and  lower  benches. 

Passing  eastward  to  the  road  fork,  0.6  mile  northeast 
from  the  mouth  of  Little  Tenmile  creek,  in  the  same  district, 
we  find  this  coal  cropping  at  an  elevation  of  1040'  A.  T.  aner- 
oid. Here  the  following  section  was  measured: 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


233 


Feet.  Inches. 

Shale,  dark 2 0 

Coal  0'  6"] 

Shale  9 0 [■  Little  Clarksburg..  10  4 

Coal  0 10  J 

Shale  4 0 


Limestone,  yellow  and  hard,  Clarksburg 1 0 

Another  section  of  this  coal  in  Eagle  district,  measured 
in  the  northeast  edge  of  Lumberport,  is  as  follows: 


Sandstone,  Connellsville, 
Shale,  sandy  and  dark 


Coal  0'  10" 

Limestone,  silicious,  3" 


to  0 6 

Shale,  gray 4 0 

Coal  0 8 

Fire  clay  shale 

(Elevation  of  coal,  960'  A.  T.,  aneroid). 


Little 

C'arksburg 


Feet. 

6 


6 

1 


Inches. 

0 

0 

0 


Passing  to  the  northeastern  portion  of  the  county  in  Clay 
district  we  find  this  coal  cropping  at  the  road  fork,  one-half 
mile  west  of  McAlpin  P.  O.,  at  an  elevation  of  1130'  A.  T., 
aneroid  where  the  following  section  was  measured : 


Coal,  s!aty. . 
Slate,  gray. 
Coal,  better 


Feet.  Inches. 
2 0 

C 1 

0 8% 


Total 


2 9y2 


In  Coal  district,  the  writer  collected  a sample  of  the  coal 
for  analysis  and  measured  the  following  section  at  the  crop 
of  this  bed  along  the  Fairmont  & Clarksburg  electric  railroad, 
at  the  mouth  of  Crooked  run : 


Section  at  Coal  Opening,  No.  85  on  Map. 

Feet.  Inches. 


1.  Sandstone,  visible 4 0 

2.  Shale,  sandy 10  0 

3.  Shale,  dark  gray 5 0 


234 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  CONEMAUGH  SERIES. 


4.  Coal,  slaty 0' 

5.  Limestone,  gray 

and  hard 0 

6.  Shale,  gray 0 

7.  Coal,  slaty 0 

8.  Shale,  dark,  with 

limestone  con- 
cretions   4 


. Little 

! Clarksburg  .. 


4 y2 


9. 

Coal  0 4 

| 

10. 

Slate,  gray 0 0V2 

1 

11. 

Coal,  good 1 0 

J 

12. 

Slate,  black,  fossiliferous 

0 

1 

13. 

Limestone,  gray, 

l 

and  hard 2 ' 6" 

14. 

Concealed  3 0 

{-Clarksburg  .. 

7 

6 

15. 

Limestone,  gray  and 

hard  2 0 

J 

16. 

Concealed  

Sample  from  No.  11  of  section  only,  the  composition  of 
which  is  reported  by  Prof.  Hite  as  follows : 


Proximate  Analysis.  Ultimate  Analysis. 


Moisture  

Volatile  Matter 

Fixed  Carbon 

Ash  

Per  cent. 

1.25 

30.96 

43.33 

24.46 

Carbon  

Hydrogen  

Oxygen  

Nitrogen  

Sulphur 

Per  cent. 

56.38 

4.03 

5.91 

1.00 

. 8 22 

Total 

100.00 

Ash  

24.46 

Sulphur  

Phosphorus  

8.22 

0.043 

Total 

100.00 

Calorimeter  B.  T.  U 

Calculated  B.  T.  U 

Carbon 

Fuel  ratio  = 

Oxygen  + Ash 


Although  the  sample  was  collected  from  the  best  portion 
of  the  bed,  yet  the  results  reveal  a very  low  grade  of  fuel. 
The  high  percentage  of  sulphur  and  ash  make  it  very  unsat- 
isfactory for  any  purpose  even  in  farming  regions  where 
other  coal  might  not  be  available. 

In  Clark  district,  this  coal  crops  at  an  elevation  of 
980'  A.  T.,  aneroid,  in  a railroad  cut,  one-fifth  mile  southeast 
from  West  Clarksburg  station.  Here  it  is  12  inches  thick, 
coming  3 feet  over  23  feet  of  Clarksburg  limestone,  accord- 
ing to  D.  B.  Reger. 


10,572 

10,573 

. . 56.38  

= 1.86 

5.91  -f  24.46 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


235 


In  the  northern  portion  of  Simpson  district,  the  coal 
crops  along  the  hill  road  on  the  head  of  Ann  run,  at  an  ele- 
vation of  1270'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Here  it  is  represented  by  6 
inches  of  black  slate  immediately  over  5 feet  of  Clarksburg 
limestone. 

Passing  southwest  in  Simpson  to  the  old  clay  digging  on 
the  ridge  one  mile  due  north  of  Bridgeport,  we  find  2 feet 
of  slaty  coal  cropping  at  this  horizon,  at  an  elevation  of  1195' 
A.  T.,  aneroid. 

Southward  in  the  same  district  we  find  the  coal  cropping 


along  the  road 

near  the  head  of  Coplin  run, 

1.8  miles  due 

north  of  Grassland  P.  O.  Here  Mr.  Reger  measured  the  fol- 

lowing  section : 

Feet. 

Inches. 

Coal,  good... 

...1'  6"] 

Slate  

...3  0 }- Little  Clarksburg..  6 

0 

Coal,  good... 

...1  6 J 

Slate  

4 

0 

Concealed  . . . 

g 

0 

Limestone,  good,  Clarksburg 3 

(Elevation  of  coal,  1135'  A.  T.,  aneroid). 

0 

The  section  reveals  more  good  coal  in  this  bed  than  ob- 
served at  any  other  exposure  in  the  county.  The  thick  part- 
ing slate  between  the  two  benches,  however,  would  make  it 
very  expensive  to  recover  the  coal. 

In  the  extreme  southern  point  of  Simpson  district,  the 
coal  crops  along  the  road  leading  southwest  trom  Brushy 
fork,  iyA  miles  south  of  Grassland,  P.  O.,  at  an  elevation  of 
1070'  A.  T.,  aneroid,  coming  135  feet  under  the  Pittsburgh 
bed.  The  following  section  was  measured  at  this  point : 

Inches. 


8 

0 
0 

Both  benches  have  thinned  considerably  from  that  re- 
ported in  the  preceding  section. 

The  coal  crops  around  the  hill  sides  over  most  of  the 
area  of  Elk  district.  Where  it  is  exposed  along  the  hill  road, 


Feet. 

Coal  0'  8"] 

Fire  clay  shale 5 0 Clarksburg  6 

Coal,  slaty 1 0 J Clarksburg  ..  b 

Black  slate,  fossil  fish  teeth,  etc 8 

Limestone,  gray  and  hard,  Clarksburg 5 


236 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  CONEMAUGH  SERIES. 


one  mile  northeast  from  Craigmoor  P.  O.,  the  bed  is  only  6 
inches  thick,  at  an  elevation  of  1175'  A.  T.,  aneroid. 

Passing  southeastward  in  the  same  district  to  near  the 
school  house  on  Stout  run,  we  find  10  inches  of  this  coal 

visible  at  an  elevation  of  1050'  A.  T.,  aneroid,  coming  170 

feet  under  an  opening  in  what  appears  to  be  the  Redstone 
coal  on  the  S.  R.  Bartlett  farm. 

Farther  southeastward  in  Elk  district,  the  coal  crops 
along  the  hill  road  leading  north  from  Raccoon  run.  At  this 
place  the  bed  is  slaty,  16  inches  thick,  coming  at  an  elevation 
of  1075'  A.  T.3  aneroid. 

Its  crop  was  observed  at  several  places  in  Union  district 
and  the  bed  has  practically  the  same  development  as  in  other 
portions  of  the  county.  A section  measured  on  the  Smith 
Bros,  land  2 miles  due  west  of  West  Milford,  exhibited  12 

inches  of  this  coal,  directly  over  8 feet  of  Clarksburg  limestone. 

Another  along  the  hill  road  leading  north  from  the  mouth  of 
Coburn  creek,  revealed  only  4 inches  of  coal,  at  an  elevation 
of  1055'  A.  T.,  aneroid. 

The  Clarksburg  Fire  Clay  Shale. 

In  eastern  Harrison  county  there  occurs  a fairly  pure 
fire  clay  shale  immediately  below  the  Little  Clarksburg  coal 
and  above  the  Clarksburg  limestone.  For  that  reason  the 
writer  has  named  it  the  Clarksburg  fire  clay  shale.  It  was 
once  quarried  for  pottery  purposes  on  the  ridge,  one  mile 
and  a half  due  north  of  Bridgeport.  There  the  writer  col- 
lected a sample  of  the  clay  for  analysis  and  measured  the 
following  section  at  the  old  abandoned  clay  pit : 

Feet.  Inches. 


1.  Shale,  buff 5 0 

2.  Coal,  slaty,  Little  Clarksburg 2 0 

3.  Fire  clay  shale,  medium  hard,  buff, 

Clarksburg  5 0 


Sample  from  No.  3 of  section,  the  composition  of  which 
is  reported  as  follows  by  Prof.  Hite : 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


237 


Per  cent. 

Silica  (Si  02) 55.40 

Ferric  Iron  (Fe203) 1.28 

Alumina  (A1203) 26.18 

Lime  1.04 

Magnesia  (Mg  0) 0.80 

Soda  (Na,0) 0.82 

Postassa  (K,0) 1.87 

Titanium  (Ti  02 0.45 

Phosphoric  Acid  (P20J 0.75 

Moisture  4.98 

Loss  on  ignition 6.86 


Total 100.43 


The  results  show  this  bed  to  have  almost  identically  the 
same  composition  as  the  Washington  fire  clay  shale  of  the 
Dunkard  series,  as  exhibited  on  pags  163  of  the  Wirt-Roane- 
Calhoun  report  of  the  State  Geological  Survey.  The  clay 
obtained  here  was  once  mixed  with  alluvial  clays  occurring 
near  Bridgeport,  and  manufactured  into  all  kinds  of  stone- 
ware, jars,  jugs,  crocks,  etc.  The  pit  has  finally  been  aban- 
doned. The  composition  of  this  shale  shows  it,  like  the 
Washington,  adapted  to  the  manufacture  of  building  brick. 
In  fact,  it  burns  into  a fine  buff  colored  brick  good  for  both 
building  and  paving  purposes,  according  to  Gordon  B.  Late, 
Superintendent  of  the  W.  Va.  Pottery  company,  at  Bridge- 
port. Its  crop  is  confined  practically  to  the  same  area  as  that 
outlined  for  the  Little  Clarksburg  coal.  It  appears  to  be 
very  irregular,  however,  and  often  thins  away  entirely. 


The  Clarksburg  Limestone. 


Immediately  under  the  Clarksburg  coal  iw  the  vicinity  of 
Clarksbu,rg,  Harrison  county,  there  occurs  a calcareous  stra- 
tum that  has  been  designated  the  Clarksburg  limestone  by  I. 
C.  White,  who  gives  the  following  interesting  account  of  the 
formation  at  its  type  locality  on  pages  249-250  of  Vol.  II  of 
the  State  Geol.  Survey  reports : 

“Directly  below  the  last  described  coal  and  its  underlying  fossil- 
iferous  black  slate,  there  often  occurs  a limestone  which  is  finely  ex- 
posed in  the  vicinity  of  Clarksburg  along  Elk  creek,  at  its  junction 
with  the  West  Fork  river,  and  was  named  by  the  writer  from  that 


238 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  CONEMAUGH  SERIES. 


locality,  the  Clarksburg  limestone.  Its  upper  portion  is  generally 
rather  slaty  and  filled  with  fossil  ostracoids  and  fish  remains,  but  the 
lower  layers  are  compact  and  massive.  The  whole  stratum  is  often 
* twenty  to  thirty  feet  thick,  and  some  of  the  layers  are  quite  ferrugin- 
ous, so  much  so  that  they  were  once  mined  as  ore  and  used  in  the 
manufacture  of  iron  at  an  old  charcoal  furnace  on  Elk,  near  Clarks- 
burg. Some  iron  ore  was  also  obtained  for  this  furnace  from  the 
ferruginous  shales  just  above  the  Little  Clarksburg  coal. 

“The  Clarksburg  limestone  has  a wide  distribution  in  the  northern 
end  of  the  State,  and  has  frequently  been  quarried  and  burned  into 
lime  for  fertilizing  purposes.  It  also  makes  excellent  road  material 
and  has  been  extensively  used  for  that  purpose  on  the  streets  and 
roadways  in  the  vicinity  of  Clarksburg.” 

This  stratum  does  not  get  above  drainage  in  Doddridge 
county,  but  in  Harrison  it  crops  over  practically  the  same  area 
as  that  outlined  above  for  the  Little  Clarksburg  coal.  D.  B. 
Reger  measured  the  following  detailed  section  of  the  bed 
from  an  exposure  in  a railroad  cut,  one-fifth  mile  southeast 
from  West  Clarksburg  station: 


West  Clarksburg  Section. 


Coal,  Little  Clarksburg 

Slate,  black 

Sandstone,  limy 

Limestone  

Shale,  dark 

Limestone,  good 


Shale,  limy '.‘.‘.'.'.A  Clarksburg 

Limestone  1 fLlmestone 

Shale,  dark 2 

Limestone,  good 6 

Shale,  limy,  to  railroad  grade.' 

Concealed  to  level  of  West  Fork  river. 


Feet. 
. 1 
. 1 
. 2 


23 

4 

20 


The  following  section  was  measured  at  the  crop  of  this 
ledge  along  the  road  on  Barnett  run,  one  mile  and  three- 
fourths  northwest  ^of  Bridgeport : 

Feet.  Inches. 


1.  Black  slate  (Little  Clarksburg  coal 0 6 

2.  Fire  clay  shale 5 0 

3.  Limestone,  gray  and  hard,  weathered  yel- 

low, Clarksburg 10  0 


A sample  was  collected  from  the  limestone,  No.  3 of 
section,  the  composition  of  which  is  reported  by  Prof.  Hite  as 
follows : 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


239 


Per  cent. 


Silica  (Si  02) 13.90 

Ferric  Iron  (Fe203) 2.04 

Alumina  (A1203) 10.92 

Calcium  Carbonate  (Ca  C03) 60.30 

Magnesium  Carbonate  “"(Mg  C03) 3.34 

Phosphoric  Acid  (P205) 0.25 

Loss  on  ignition 9.19 


Total 99.94 


The  sample  is  quite  high  in  both  silica  and  alumina  and 
low  in  magnesium  carbonate;  hence,  it  is  probably  best 
adapted  to  the  manufacture  of  hydrated  lime  for  agricultural 
purposes.  It  is  quite  hard  and  for  that  reason  should  furnish 
an  abundant  and  convenient  supply  of  good  road  material  for 
the  eastern  portion  of  the  county. 

In  the  northeastern  corner  of  Simpson  district,  this  stra- 
tum is  5 feet  thick  and  quite  hard  where  it  crops  along  the 
road  on  the  head  of  Ann  run.  Here  its  elevation  is  1265' 
A.  T.,  aneroid. 

In  an  exposure  at  the  mouth  of  Crooked  run,  1.5  miles 
northwest  of  Clarksburg,  the  limestone  comes  immediately 
below  the  Little  Clarksburg  coal,  and  almost  .flush  with  the 
grade  of  the  Fairmont  & Clarksburg  electric  railroad.  Here 
7.5  feet  of  the  upper  portion  of  the  ledge  is  visible. 

In  the  southern  part  of  Simpson  district,  the  crop  of 
this  ledge  is  exposed  at  the  mouth  of  Glade  run,  at  Grass- 
land P.  O.,  where  the  following  section  was  measured : 

Feet. 

Coal,  Little  Clarksburg 1 

Limestone  V ] 

Shales,  limy 5 [-Clarksburg  Limestone.  8 

Limestone  2 J 

In  the  northern  part  of  Elk  district,  the  Clarksburg 
limestone  crops  a short  distance  above  drainage  on  Stout  run. 
Here  it  is  5 to  8 feet  thick,  gray  and  hard  on  fresh  fracture, 
and  weathering  yellowish  on  exposure. 

Crossing  West  Fork  river  into  Union  district,  we  find, 
according  to  D.  B.  Reger,  the  following  section  exposed  at 
this  horizon  on  the  land  of  Smith  Bros.,  2 miles  due  west 
of  West  Milford: 


240 


STRATIGRAPHY — THE  CONEMAUGPI  SERIES. 


1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 


Feet. 

Sandstone,  shaly,  Connellsville 20 

Concealed  10 

Coal,  Little  Clarksburg 1 

Limestone  ] 

Shale,  dark }>  Clarksburg  Limestone.  8 

Limestone  J 


Mr.  Reger  collected  a sample  of  the  limestone  for  analysis 
from  Nos.  4 and  6 of  section,  the  composition  of  which  is  re- 
ported by  Prof.  Hite  as  follows : 


Silica  (Si  02) 14.86 

Ferric  Iron  (Fe203) . . ’2.19 

Alumina  (A1203) 5.02 

Calcium  Carbonate  (Ca  C03) 71.91 

Magnesium  Carbonate  (Mg  C03) 2.65 

Phosphoric  Acid  (P205) 0.61 

Loss  on  ignition 2.43 


Total 99.67 


The  results  reveal  a limestone  adapted  to  the  manu- 
facture of  Portland  cement,  having  the  proper  ratio  of  per- 
centages of  silica  and  alumina,  and  a comparatively  low 

magnesium  carbonate  content.  They  also  show  that  it  is 
adapted  to  the  manufacture  of  hydrated  lime  for  agricultural 
purposes. 

The  Clarksburg  Red  Shale. 

In  the  vicinity  of  Clarksburg,  Harrison  county,  the  writer 
has  designated  the  25  to  40  feet  of  red  and  variegated  shales 
immediately  below  the  Clarksburg  limestone  the  Clarksburg 
red  shales.  D.  B.  Reger  measured  the  following  hand-level 
section  at  an  exposure  of  these  shales  at  the  railroad  tunnel, 


one  mile  southwest  of  Clarksburg: 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 

Sandstone  and  concealed 30  30 

Coal,  slaty,  Little  Clarksburg 1 31 

Limestone,  concealed  and  limestone,  Clarks- 
burg   25  56 

Shale,  red  and  variegated,  Clarksburg 35  91 

Shale,  sandy,  to  railroad  grade 8 99 

Concealed  to  West  Fork  river 25  124 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


241 


Mr.  Reger  collected  a sample  of  these  shales  for  analysis 
in  the  shale  pit  of  the  Monticello  Brick  Company,  located  a 
short  distance  northeastward  at  the  mouth  of  Arnold  run, 
the  composition  of  which  is  reported  by  Prof.  Hite  as  follows : 

Per  cent. 


Silica  (Si  02) 51.20 

Ferric  Iron  (Fe203) 10.78 

Alumina  (A1,03) 12.46 

Lime  (Ca  0) 6.04 

Magnesia  (Mg  0) 1.12 

Soda  (Na20) 1.63 

Potassa  (k20) 4.46 

Titanium  (Ti  0,) 0.22 

Phosphoric  Acid  (P20-,) 0.53 

Loss  on  ignition 11.31 


Total 99.75 


These  red  shales  in  the  upper  portion  of  the  Conemaugh 
series  are  almost  as  pronounced  in  the  Doddridge-Harrison 
area  as  the  Pittsburgh  reds,  150  feet  lower  in  the  measures, 
and  they  generally  form  a bench  or  more  gentle  slope  around 
the  hill  sides  a few  feet  below  the  steep  bluffs  and  slopes 
made  by  the  Connellsville  sandstone.  Their  crop  in  the 
area  under  discussion  is  confined  to  practically  the  same  area 
as  that  outlined  for  the  Clarksburg  coal. 

The  Morgantown  Sandstone. 

At  50  to  60  feet  below  the  Clarksburg  limestone  there 
occurs  a massive,  arenaceous  stratum,  ranging  in  thickness 
from  20  to  40  feet,  that  has  been  designated  the  Morgantown 
sandstone  by  J.  J.  Stevenson  from  the  city  of  that  name  in 
Monongalia  county,  at  which  place  it  has  been  quarried  ex- 
tensively for  building  purposes.  It  is  this  sandstone  that  is 
frequently  referred  to  by  all  well  drillers  in  the  northwestern 
portion  of  the  State  as  the  “Murphy  sand”.  It  lies  entirely 
below  drainage  in  Doddridge  county. 

In  Harrison  its  thickness,  character,  and  relative  posi- 
tion in  the  rock  column  is  given  in  the  sections  for  Adams- 
ville  and  Byron,  pages  107  and  122,  respectively.  Its  crop 
is  confined  in  this  county  to  the  eastern  portion  of  Clay  dis- 


242 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  CONEMAUGTI  SERIES. 


trict;  the  central  and  southern  portions  of  Simpson;  the 
western  portion  of  Elk ; that  portion  of  Grant  south  from 
Byron;  and  the  eastern  margin  of  Union.  In  the  two  latter 
districts  the  ledge  appears  to  attain  its  best  development  in 
the  area  under  discussion. 

It  is  this  ledge  that  forms  the  cliff  along  the  west  bank 
of  W est  Fork  river  at  the  mouth  of  Coburn  creek,  in  the 
northeast  corner  of  Union  district.  There  D.  B.  Reger 
measured  the  following  section : 

Feet. 


Sandstone,  gray  and  massive,  Morgantown 40 

Shales  and  concealed  to  river 15 


(Elevation  of  sandstone,  957'  A.  T.,  spirit  level). 

In  the  southwest  corner  of  the  same  district  this  ledge 
forms  an  escarpment  around  the  hill  sides.  It  is  this  stratum 
that  makes  the  cliff  on  the  east  bank  of  West  Fork,  one-fifth 
mile  northwest  from  the  mouth  of  Hackers  creek,  at  an  ele- 
vation of  1085'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Here  it  is  a great  massive, 
buff  sandstone,  40  to  50  feet  thick. 

Passing  southeastward  up  Hackers  creek  to  a point  one- 
third  mile  due  north  of  the  mouth  of  Bens  run,  we  find  this 
ledge  making  cliffs  40  to  50  feet  high,  at  an  elevation  of 
1110'  A.  T.,  aneroid. 

In  Union  district,  Mr.  Reger  reports  the  Morgantown 
sandstone  making  cliffs  along  the  west  bank  of  the  river,  0.8 
mile  northeast  from  Goodhope.  Here  the  ledge  is  massive, 
gray,  medium  grained,  and  20  feet  thick. 

No  quarries  were  observed  on  this  stratum  in  the  area 
under  discussion. 

The  Elk  Lick  Coal. 

I 

From  a few  inches  to  10  feet  under  the  Morgantown 
sandstone  there  occurs  a fairly  persistent  coal  bed  that  has 
been  designated  theElk  Lick  coal  by  the  First  Geological  Sur- 
vey of  Pennsylvania  from  a stream  of  that  name  in  Somerset 
county,  Penna.,  along  which  it  crops  with  a thickness  of  4 
feet.  The  bed  varies  from  2T/2  to  4 feet  in  Monongalia 
county,  W.  Va.,  and  contains  much  ash  and  bony  material. 

In  Doddridge  this  coal  lies  entirely  below  drainage  and  it 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


243 


appears  to  be  absent  from  the  measures  in  this  county,  since 
the  logs  of  numerous  wells  bored  for  oil  and  gas  therein  fail 
to  note  the  bed. 

In  Harrison  the  thickness  and  relative  position  of  the 
coal  in  the  rock  column  is  exhibited  in  the  sections  for  Two 
Miles  North  of  Clarksburg  and  West  Milford,  pages  112  and 
100  respectively.  The  thickness  recorded  for  the  coal  in  the 
former  sections — 6 feet — is  excessive,  as  no  such  thickness 
was  observed  at  the  many  exposures  at  crop  of  this  bed  in 
the  county.  This  is  a good  illustration  of  the  unreliability 
of  the  average  logs  of  churn  drill  borings  for  oil  and  gas,  in 
recording  the  thickness  of  coal  veins. 

Near  the  northeastern  corner  of  Clay  district,  this  coal 
crops  in  the  road  in  the  northeast  edge  of  Boothsville,  at  an 
elevation  of  990'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Here  it  is  represented  by  2 
inches  of  slaty  coal,  coming  4 feet  above  the  Elk  Lick  lime- 
stone and  11  feet  above  the  Grafton  sandstone  cliff  rock  at 
this  town. 

Passing  southwestward  ifi  the  same  district  up  Thomas 
fork  of  Booths  creek,  we  find  this  coal  cropping  along  the 
road  above  the  mouth  of  Sugarcamp  run  to  the  Clay-Simpson 
district  line,  at  elevations  of  1075'  to  1090'  A.  T.,  aneroid. 
Here  it  varies  from  2 to  6 inches  thick  according  to  D.  B. 
Reger. 

Southwestward  in  Simpson  district  on  Barnett  run,  Mr. 
Reger  reports  a coal  cropping  along  the  public  road  that  is 
6 inches  thick,  at  an  elevation  ranging  from  1045'  to  1065 
A.  T.,  aneroid. This  coal  correlates  with  the  Elk  Lick  bed, 
coming  as  it  does,  240  to  250  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal. 
Eastward  on  the  head  of  Ann  run,  the  Elk  Lick  coal  crops 
along  the  hill  road,  at  an  elevation  of  1185'  A.  T.,  aneroid. 
Here  it  is  only  2 inches  thick. 

Passing  southwestward  in  the  same  district  to  a point 
one-half  mile  northwest  from  Bridgeport,  we  find  this  coal 
cropping  along  the  road  at  an  elevation  of  1048'  A.  T.,  spirit 
level.  Here  the  coal  is  6 inches  thick,  coming  at  the  base 
of  a massive  sandstone  (Morgantown). 

The  horizon  of  this  coal  is  exposed  in  a cut  along  the 


244 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  CONEMAUGH  SERIES. 


Baltimore  & Ohio  railroad  grade,  one  mile  westward  from 
Bridgeport.  Here  the  coal  has  thinned  away  almost  entirely, 
being  represented  by  streaks  of  coal  at  the  top  of  10  feet  of 
fire  clay  shale  at  the  base  of  the  Morgantown  sandstone,  im- 
mediately above  4 feet  of  Elk  Lick  limestone. 

Passing  southeastward  in  Simpson  district  to  a point  2.3 
miles  northeast  from  Quiet  Dell,  we  find  the  Elk  Lick  coal 
bed  represented  by  6 inches  of  black  slate  only,  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  1120'  A.  T.,  aneroid,  coming  50  to  60  feet  above  the 
Harlem  coal  bed. 

One  mile  and  a half  northwest  from  Grassland  P.  O., 
the  Elk  Lick  coal  crops  along  the  second  class  road,  leading 
northward  from  Brushy  fork.  Here  it  is  only  4 inches  thick 
and  slaty,  coming  60  to  70  feet  below  the  Little  Clarksburg 
coal. 

In  Grant  district,  the  Elk  Lick  bed  crops  along  the  hill 
road  leading  south  from  the  railroad,  1.5  miles  northeast 
from  the  town  of  Lost  Creek,  at  an  elevation  of  1180'  A.  T., 
aneroid.  Here  it  is  8 inches  thick  and  slaty.  It  crops  along 
the  road,  0.4  mile  northwest  from  Lost  Creek  station,  at  an 
elevation  of  1065'  A.  T.,  aneroid,  and  there  it  is  only  6 inches 
thick  and  slaty. 

Along  the  western  border  of  Grant  district,  the  horizon 
of  this  coal  is  exposed  at  the  bridge  across  the  river  at  West 
Milford.  Here  the  coal  has  thinned  away  entirely,  being 
represented  by  only  2 feet  of  fire  clay  shale  at  the  base  of  the 
Morgantown  sandstone,  4 feet  above  the  Elk  Lick  limestone, 
and  240  feet  by  hand  level  below  an  opening  in  the  Pitts- 
burgh coal. 

The  crop  of  the  horizon  of  the  Elk  Lick  coal  was  ob- 
served at  only  one  place  in  Union  district.  This  was  in  the 
southeast  corner  of  the  latter  area  at  a point  one-fifth  mile 
northwest  from  the  mouth  of  Two  Lick  creek.  Here  the 
following  section  was  measured : 

Feet.  Inches. 


Sandstone,  Morgantown 

Shale,  red 10  0 

Shale,  buff 10  0 

Shale,  black  (Elk  Lick  coal  horizon) 0 4 

Fire  clay  shale 1 0 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


245 


Feet.  Inches. 


Shale,  sandy 4 0 

Shale,  buff  and  limy 12  0 

Limestone,  gray  and  hard,  with  shale  layer, 

Elk  lick 6 0 

(Elevation  of  Elk  Lick  Coal,  1020'  A.  T., 
aneroid,  at  260'  below  Pittsburgh  coal). 


The  several  sections  and  data  given  above  for  the  Elk 
Lick  coal  show  that  the  bed  is  worthless  from  an  economic 
standpoint  in  the  area  under  discussion ; hence,  it  is  of  scien- 
tific interest  only,  in  that  it  aids  in  the  correlation  of  other 
more  important  formations  of  the  Conemaugh  series. 

The  Elk  Lick  Limestone. 

At  10  to  20  feet  below  the  coal  last  described  there  occurs 
a widely  persistent  calcareous  stratum  in  southwestern  Penn- 
sylvania and  northern  West  Virginia  that  has  been  named 
by  Messrs.  Platt4  the  Elk  Lick  limestone.  It  is  of  fresh 
or  brackish  water  origin,  ranging  in  thickness  from  5 to  15 
feet  in  several  layers,  separated  by  shales. 

In  Doddridge  county  this  ledge  lies  entirely  below  drain- 
age. 

In  Harrison  it  crops  over  practically  the  same  area  as 
that  outlined  for  the  Elk  Lick  coal  bed.  Near  the  northeast 
corner  of  Clay  district,  the  crop  of  this  limestone  is  exposed 
just  across  the  county  line  in  the  edge  of  Taylor,  in  the 
southwest  edge  of  Boothsville,  at  an  elevation  of  960'  A.  T., 
spirit  level.  Here  the  ledge  is  gray  and  hard,  5 feet  thick, 
coming  immediately  over  the  Grafton  sandstone. 

Passing  southwestward  to  Bridgeport  in  Simpson  dis- 
trict, we  find  the  following  section  exposed  in  a cut  along  the 
Baltimore  & Ohio  railroad,  one  mile  west  of  the  town : 

Feet. 

Sandstone,  massive,  gray  micaceous,  limy,  Morgan- 
town   25 

Fire  clay  sha’e 3 

Sandstone,  shale  and  flaggy 5 

Fire  clay  shale,  streak  of  coal  at  top,  Elk  Lick 10 

Limestone,  brecciated,  Elk  Lick 4 

Shale,  limy  and  red,  Birmingham 4 

Sandstone,  shaly  to  railroad  grade 4 


4.  Report  H H H,  Second  Geological  Survey  of  Penna. 


246 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  CONEMAUGH  SERIES. 


In  the  western  portion  of  Grant  district  the  writer  col- 
lected a sample  of  this  ledge  for  analysis  and  measured  the 
following  section  on  the  east  bank  of  West  Fork  river  near 
the  bridge  over  the  latter  stream  at  West  Milford: 


West  Milford  Section — Local. 


Feet. 

1.  Sandstone,  massive.  .15' I Morgantown 

2.  Shale,  sandy 5 j Sandstone  ..  20 

3.  Fire  clay  shale  (Elk  Lick  coal  horizon).  2 

4.  Limestone,  gray  and 

hard  2'  0" 

5.  Shale,  limy,  with 

limestone  1 6 

6.  Limestone,  gray  and 

hard,  conglomer- 
ate   2 6 

7.  Shale,  limy  and 

gray  2 0 

8.  Limestone,  gray  and 

hard,  conglomer- 
ate   1 3 

9.  Shale,  gray  and  limy 3 

10.  Coal  0'  2"  ] West  Milford  coal  1 

11.  Slate,  black.. 0 1 [-(Elevation,  960' A. 

12.  Coal  0 10  J T.,  spirit  level). 

13.  Shale,  dark 3 

14.  Limestone,  ferriferous,  lenticular 0 

15.  Shale,  gray 2 

16.  Sandstone,  gray,  medium  hard,  Graf- 

ton, to  river  bed 5 


Elk  Lick 
Limestone  . 9 


Inches. 

0 

0 


3 


0 

1 


0 

3 

0 

0 


The  section  is  very  interesting  in  that  a new  coal  makes 
its  appearance  in  the  measure ; viz..  West  Milford,  coming  as 
it  does  5'  3"  above  the  Grafton  sandstone,  3 feet  below  the 
Elk  Lick  limestone  and  256  feet  by  hand  level  below  an  open- 
ing in  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed. 

The  limestone  sample  was  collected  from  Nos.  4,  6 and 
8 of  section,  the  composition  of  which  is  reported  by  Prof. 
Hite  as. follows : 

Per  cent. 


Silica  (Si  02) 2.40 

Ferric  Iron  (Fe203) 1.77 

Alumina  (A1203) 0.48 

Calcium  Carbonate  (Ca  C03) 94.23 

Magnesium  Carbonate  (Mg  C03) 1.74 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


247 


Phosphoric  Acid  (PA) 0.26 

Total 100.88 


Mr.  Reger  collected  a sample  of  the  same  ledge  35  to  50 
feet  northward  from  the  point  at  which  the  above  section  was 
measured,  the  composition  of  which  is  reported  by  Prof  Hite 
as  follows : 

Per  cent. 


Silica  (Si  02) 9.06 

Ferric  Iron  (Fe203) 4.03 

A'umina  (AL03) 3.55 

Calcium  Carbonate  (Ca  C03) 79.13 

Magnesium  Carbonate  (Mg  C03) 2.11 

Phosphoric  Acid  (P205) 0.76 

Loss  on  ignition 1.45 


Total 100.09 


The  above  results  reveal  a limestone  adapted  to  the  manu- 
facture of  white  and  gray  limes  for  masons,  bricklayers  and 
plasterers;  hydrated  lime  for  agricultural  purposes;  Portland 
cement ; and  for  road  material. 

Passing  eastward  in  the  same  district  to  near  Lost  Creek, 
we  find  this  ledge,  according  to  Mr.  Reger,  cropping  in  a ra- 
vine, 0.2  mile  northwest  from  town.  Here  he  reports  the 
limestone  2 to  3 feet  thick,  gray,  and  very  hard,  with  minute 
fresh  water  fossil  shells. 

Passing  to  the  extreme  southern  border  of  Grant  district, 
we  find  the  Elk  Lick  limestone  cropping  along  the  east  hill 
side  of  McKinney  run,  one-third  mile  northwest  of  McWhor- 
ter station,  at  an  elevation  of  1105'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Here  it 
is  gray,  hard,  and  3 feet  thick,  coming  240  to  250  feet  below 
an  opening  in  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed. 

In  Union  district  the  crop  of  this  ledge  is  exposed  1.2 
miles  southwest  from  Goodhope,  on  and  near  the  mouth  of 
Two  Lick  creek,  at  an  elevation  of  1000'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Here 
it  is  interlaminated  with  shale  layers,  the  whole  having  a 
thickness  of  6 feet. 

Southwestward  1.6  miles  to  the  waters  of  Kincheloe 
creek,  we  find  this  limestone  cropping  near  the  fork  of  a sec- 
ond class  road  at  an  elevation  of  985'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Here  it 


2-18 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  CONEMAUGK  SERIES. 


occurs  in  layers  separated  by  limy  shales,  the  whole  having  a 
total  thickness  of  20  to  25  feet. 

The  Birmingham  Shale. 

Immediately  under  the  Elk  Lick  limestone  in  southwest- 
ern Pennsylvania  and  northern  West  Virginia  there  occurs 
25  to  50  feet  of  variegated  and  sandy  shales  that  have  been 
designated  by  J.  J.  'Stevenson4*  the  Birmingham  shales  from  a 
former  town  of  that  name  on  the  south  side  of  the  Monon- 
gahela  river  at  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  where  they  crop,  with  a joint- 
ed appearance,  and  slip  badly  on  the  almost  vertical  face  o: 
the  hill.  These  shales  as  limited  by  Mr.  Stevenson  at  their 
type  locality,  are  48  feet  thick,  extending  from  11  feet  below 
the  Morgantown  sandstone,  down  to  a limestone,  3 feet  in 
thickness.  The  latter  formation  most  likely  correlates  with 
the  Upper  Ames  limestone,  coming  as  it  does  there  59  feet 
below  the  Morgantown  sandstone  and  24  feet  above  the  Crin- 
oidal  (Lower  Ames)  limestone. 

They  lie  entirely  below  drainage  in  Doddridge  county. 

In  Harrison  their  crop  is  confined  to  practically  the  same 
area  as  that  outlined  for  the  Elk  Lick  coal.  In  the  eastern 
portion  of  the  county,  they  have  been  largely  replaced  by  the 
great,  massive  Grafton  sandstone. 

The  Grafton  Sandstone. 

At  1 to  15  feet  below  the  Elk  Lick  limestone  there  often 
occurs  a great  massive,  coarse  and  pebbly  sandstone  in  Tay- 
lor county  ranging  in  thickness  from  20  to  40  feet,  that  has 
been  designated  by  I.  C.  White5  the  Grafton  sandstone  from 
its  crop  near  the  summit  of  the  hills  at  a town  of  that  name 
in  the  latter  area.  This  stratum  is  lenticular  in  character 
and  often  replaces  the  Birmingham  shale  almost  entirely. 

Its  thickness,  character  and  relative  position  in  the  rock 
column  in  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  are  exhibited  in  the 


4a.  Report  K,  pp.  79  and  309-310,  Sec.  Geol.  Survey  of  Penna. 

5.  Vol.  II,  p.  255,  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


249 


sections  given  on  preceding  pages  for  Long  Run,  Brown, 
Boothsville,  Quiet  Dell  and  Byron. 

In  Doddridge  county  this  stratum  lies  entirely  below 
drainage. 

In  Harrison  this  sandstone  crops  along  the  crest  of  the 
Wolf  Summit  anticline;  along  the  crest  of  the  Chestnut  Ridge 
anticline  in  a belt  2 to  3 miles  in  width  southward  from  the 
head  of  Ann  run  in  the  northeast  corner  of  Simpson  district; 
and  in  the  southern  border  of  Grant  district. 

From  north  to  south  across  the  county  the  Grafton  sand- 
stone first  rises  above  drainage  in  the  northeast  corner  of 
Clay  district,  and  at  the  public  highway  bridge  over  Booths 
creek,  1.1  miles  southward  from  Boothsville,  it  has  an  eleva- 
tion of  996'  A.  T.,  spirit  level. 

Southwestward  from  the  latter  point  to  the  Clay-Simp- 
son  district  line,  this  stratum  forms  the  floor  of  Thomas  fork, 
and  in  a large  measure  its  hardness  is  responsible  for  the  wide 
bottom  lands  along  the  latter  stream. 

In  Simpson  district  this  sandstone  forms  bluffs  and  steep 
slopes  around  the  hill  sides  on  Ann  and  Peddler  runs ; Simp- 
son creek  eastward  from  the  west  edge  of  Bridgeport ; Dav- 
isson, Douglass  and  Beards  runs ; and  Brushy  fork.  It  does 
likewise  in  Elk  district  southeastward  along  Elk  creek  from 
the  mouth  of  Brushy  Fork  to  the  mouth  of  Rooting  creek; 
on  Suds,  Hastings,  and  Stevens  runs ; and  on  Rooting 
creek  southwestward  to  a point  1.5  miles  northward 
from  Johnstown.  In  a similar  manner  it  makes  its 

presence  known  in  Grant  district  eastward  from  a point 
one-half  mile  northwest  of  Lost  Creek  station.  It  bare- 
ly gets  above  drainage  on  McKinney  run  near  McWhorter. 
In  the  southwest  corner  of  the  district,  and  in  the  southeast 
corner  of  Union  this  sandstone  forms  bluffs  and  steep  slopes 
along  Bens- run,  Hackers  creek,  West  Fork  river  south  from 
Goodhope,  Two  Lick  and  Kincheloe  creeks  a short  distance 
up  to  two  latter  streams. 

No  quarries  were  observed  on  this  ledge  in  the  county, 
although  the  sandstone  gives  excellent  results  where  quarried 
for  building  purposes  near  Grafton  on  account  of  its  durability. 


250 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  CONEMAUGH  SERIES. 


The  Ames  Limestones. 

At  275  to  320  feet  below  the  top  of  the  Conemaugh  ser- 
ies, and  5 to  20  feet  below  the  Grafton  sandstone,  there  occurs 
a calcareous  and  very  fossiliferous  stratum  in  northern  West 
Virginia  that  has  been  named  by  Andrews  and  Orten  in  the 
State  Geological  Reports  of  Ohio,  the  Ames  limestone.  It 
frequently  occurs  in  two  layers  each  1 to  5 feet  in  thickness, 
separated  by  10  to  20  feet  of  dark,  fossiliferous  shale,  the  top 
member  being  called  the  Upper  Ames,  and  the  bottom,  the 
Lower  Ames.  The  dark  green  fossiliferous  shale  separating 
the  two  ledges  is  designated  by  the  writer  the  Ames  shale 
from  its  association  with  these  limestones.  Both  ledges 
nearly  always  contain  a large  number  of  marine  fossils,  and 
from  a geological  standpoint,  these  limestones  are  considered 
the  most  interesting  formations  in  the  entire  Appalachian 
field.  In  Vol.  II,  pages  256-261  of  the  State  Survey  reports, 
I.  C.  White  gives  a detailed  description  of  the  distribution, 
character  and  fossil  fauna  of  the  Ames  limestone  in  this  State, 
to  which  the  reader  is  referred.  , 

In  Doddridge  county  neither  of  these  limestones  gets 
above  drainage. 

In  Harrison  their  crop  is  confined  to  practically  the  same 
area  as  that  outlined  above  for  the  Grafton  sandstone.  Pass- 
ing from  north  to  south  across  the  county  these  limestones 
first  get  above  drainage  along  the  extreme  eastern  edge  of 
Clay  district  on  Booths  creek,  1.2  miles  southward  from 
Boothsville.  Southwestward  in  Simpson  district,  the  writer 
collected  a sample  of  each  ledge  for  analysis,  and  measured 
the  following  section  on  Ann  run,  2 miles  northeast  from 
Bridgeport : 

Feet.  Inches. 


1.  Limestone,  dark  gray,  fossiliferous,  hard 

Upper  Ames 0 10 

2.  Shale,  dark  green 15  0 

3.  Limestone,  dark  gray,  silicious,  fossili- 

ferous, Lower  Ames 2 0 

4.  Shale,  bluish  and  dark  gray,  fossi’iferous 

at  top 8 0 

5.  Coal,  good,  Harlem 1 4 

6.  Shale,  gray  to  bed  of  Ann  run 1 0 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


251 


Samples  for  analyses  were  collected  from  Nos.  1 and  3 of 
section,  the  composition  of  which  is  reported  by  Prof.  Hite 
as  follows : 


Upper 

Lower 

Ames. 

Ames. 

Per  cent. 

Per  cent. 

Silica  (Si  02) 

..  7.55 

18.13 

Ferric  Iron  (Fe,.03) 

. . 3.05 

2.08 

Alumina  (AL0s) 

. . 25.08 

4.77 

Calcium  Carbonate  (Ca  C03) . . . . 

..  40.73 

48.33 

Magnesium  Carbonate  (Ca  C03) . 

. . 15.77 

21.31 

Phosphoric  Acid  (P305) 

. . 1.39 

0.19 

Loss  on  ignition 

. . 6.49 

4.95 

Totals 

. .100.06 

99.76 

The  results  reveal  that  both  ledges  are  impure  limestones 
in  this  region.  In  fact,  their  horizons  are  often  occupied  by 
dark,  limy  shales,  containing  the  same  marine  fossils.  They 
do  not  appear  for  these  reasons  to  have  any  economic  im- 
portance, except  for  road  material. 

The  following  section  was  measured  in  a Baltimore  & 
Ohio  railroad  cut,  one-fifth  mile  west  of  the  station  at  Bridge- 
port : 

Feet.  Inches. 


Shales,  sandy 10  0 

Shale,  red 5 0 

Sandstone,  shaly,  Grafton 10  0 

Limestone,  ferriferous  and  fossiliferous,  with 

shale  layers,  Upper  Ames  4 0 

Shale,  reddish  brown 14  0 

Limestone,  fossiliferous  in  upper  portion, 

Lower  Ames 2 6 

Shale,  dark 0 6 

Coal,  Harlem 1 10 

Fire  clay  shale / 2 0 

Shale  to  railroad  grade 3 0 


A collection  of  the  fossils  from  both  ledges  of  the  Ames 
was  made  at  this  point  for  study  and  classification,  the  re- 
sults of  which  are  found  on  subsequent  pages  of  this  report. 
The  Lower  Ames  appears  to  be  a more  persistent  ledge  than 
the  Upper  in  this  county. 

Passing  southeastward  along  the  railroad  from  Bridgeport 
to  a cut  0.5  mile  southeast  from  Oral  station,  we  find  the  fol- 
lowing section  exposed,  according  to  D.  B.  Reger: 


252 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  CONEMAUGTI  SERIES. 


Feet. 


Sandstone,  massive,  Grafton 7 

Shale,  gray • 3 

Sandstone,  shaly 3 

Shale,  gray 4 

Limestone,  Lower  Ames 1 

Shale,  -gray 4 

Coal,  Harlem iy2 

Shale,  brown,  limy,  fossiliferous 10 

Sandstone,  shaly  to  railroad  grade 20 


The  Upper  Ames  limestone  has  thinned  away  entirely  at 
this  point. 

In  the  southwest  corner  of  Simpson  district  the  Ames 
limestone  crops  along  the  hill  road,  2 miles  northeastward 
from  Quiet  Dell,  and  northwest  of  the  residence  of  Chas.  J. 
Roy,  at  an  elevation  of  1080'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Here  the  Lower 
Ames  is  2 feet  thick,  10  feet  above  18  inches  of  Harlem,  coal. 

The  following  section  in  the  northern  portion  of  Elk 
district,  measured  at  the  triangle  of  roads,  1.4  miles  southeast 
of  Quiet  Dell,  exhibits  both  the  Upper  and  Lower  Ames : 


Feet.  Inches. 


Limestone,  Upper  Ames,  fossiliferous 0 6 

Shale,  dark  green,  Ames 15  0 

Limestone,  Lower  Ames,  fossiliferous 5 0 

Shale,  dark 10  0 

Coal,  Harlem 1 6 

Fire  clay 


On  the  western  border  of  the  same  district  we  find  the 
Lower  Ames  cropping  along  the  hill  road  on  the  head  of 
Hastings  run,  one-half  mile  northwest  from  the  Arthur.  Con- 
ley No.  1 gas  well  (736),  at  an  elevation  of  1185'  A.  T.,  aneroid. 
Here  the  ledge  is  only  6 inches  thick  and  fossiliferous,  com- 
ing 5 feet  above  18*4  inches  of  Harlem  coal. 

In  the  southern  portion  of  Elk  district,  Mr.  Reger  meas- 
ured the  following  section  along  the  road,  2 miles  north  75° 
to  80°  east  from  Rockford: 

Feet. 


Shale,  greenish  brown 20 

Limestone,  fossiliferous,  Lower  Ames 2 

Shale  5 

Coal,  streak,  Harlem 


(Elevation  of  limestone,  1080'  A.  T.,  aneroid). 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


253 


In  Grant  district  the  Lower  Ames  crops  in  the  road,  one- 
fifth  mile  northwest  from  Lost  Creek  station,  at  an  elevation 
of  1040'  A.  T.,  spirit  level.  Here  it  is  only  one  foot  thick,  3 
feet  above  30  inches  of  Harlem  coal.  In  the  extreme  western 
edge  of  the  same  district  this  limestone  rises  above  West  Fork 
river  on  the  axis  of  the  Wolf  Summit  anticline,  0.6  mile  north- 
east from  Goodhope,  at  an  elevation  of  965'  A.  T.,  aneroid. 
Here  according  to  Mr.  Reger,  2 feet  of  the  ledge  is  visible, 
very  fossiliferous,  on  the  east  bank  of  the  river,  opposite  a 
water  pump  station.  It  is  also  exposed  on  the  east  side  of 
the  river,  0.7  mile  due  south  of  Goodhope,  at  an  elevation  of 
985'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Here  the  ledge  is  quite  fossiliferous  with 
only  2 feet  of  the  same  visible. 

In  the  southern  border  of  Grant  district  the  crop  of  the 
Lower  Ames  is  exposed  along  the  second  class  road,  one-fifth 
mile  eastward  from  the  mouth  of  Bens  run  of  Hackers  creek, 
at  an  elevation  of  1035'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Here  the  following 


section  is  revealed : 

Feet.  Inches. 

Shale,  sandy,  buff 15  0 

Limestone,  shaly,  with  fossiliferous  shells, 

Lower  Ames 3 0 

Shale,  huff,  limy 3 0 

Coal,  Harlem 0 10 

Fire  clay  and  shale  to  road 10  0 


Passing  to  the  southwest  corner  of  Union  district,  we 
find  the  Lower  Ames  cropping  along  the  road,  0.4  mile  north- 
west from  the  mouth  of  Kincheloe  creek,  at  an  elevation  of 
1025'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Here  it  is  quite  shaly,  very  fossiliferous, 
and  4 feet  thick. 

Fossil  Fauna. — The  Ames  is  one  of  three  rich  fossil 
horizons  of  the  Conemaugh  series.  Collections  were  made  in 
the  field  by  D.  B.  Reger  and  the  writer  along  with  Dr.  J.  W. 
Beede  of  the  University  of  Indiana.  The  specimens  were 
identified  by  Dr.  Beede  who  has  made  a special  study  of  the 
Carboniferous  invertebrate  fossils  of  the  west.  He  reports 
some  54  species  in  all,  some  of  which  have  not  before  been  re- 
ported from  the  Appalachian  region,  and  others  not  from  the 
Ames  limestone,  so  far  as  he  is  aware.  His  report  is  as  fol- 
lows : 


I 


254  STRATIGRAPHY THE  CONEMAUGPI  SERIES. 

“The  fossils  in  the  following  list  are  from  two  general  localities 
in  Harrison  County — Bridgeport  and  Lost  Creek.  The  Bridgeport 
material  was  largely  from  the  black  shales  over  the  Friendsville  (Har- 
lem) coal  an  eighth  of  a mile  west  of  Bridgeport  station.  This  horizon 
is  designated  number  “1”  in  the  list  that  follows.  The  limestone 
above  it  is  given  as  number  “2”.  Two  or  three  miles  northeast  of 
Lost  Creek  station  some  pieces  of  Ames  limestone  were  found  in  a 
cut  in  the  side  of  the  road  and  were  brought  in.  This  horizon  and 
locality  is  given  as  number  “3”  in  the  table  and  number  “4”  is  a cut 
in  the  side  of  the  road  one-tenth  mile  northwest  of  Lost  Creek.  The 
fossils  from  this  place  were  in  olive-colored  shales  with  some  cal- 
careous material  at  the  base. 

Some  worms,  ostracods  and  minute  gastropods  were  collected  from 
the  Elk  Lick  limestone  above  the  cut  at  Lost  creek.  These  are  not 
included  in  the  table  below.  The  black  shale  fauna  is  considerably 
dwarfed. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  255 


Fossils  from  the  horizon  of  the  Ames  Limestone  of  1.  | 

2.  1 

i 

3. 1 

4. 

Harrison  County,  West  Virginia. 

1 

1 

Crinoid  segments?  and  plates 

1 ....  i 

X 1 . 

. . .i. 

Worm  borings  in  shells 

x 1 . 

i 

Rrachiopod  sp  

. . .1. 

. . . . 
. . .i 

x 

Chonetes  granulifer 



| a 1 . 

a 1 

a 

Chonetes  laevis  

I I. 

. . . . 

. . .1 

x 

Chonetes  variolatns 

r 

| x 1 . 

. . .1. 

. . .1. 

Composit.a  argentia 

| 1 

• • . 1 
a 1 . 

X 

Herhvn.  crassa. 

1 c 1 

x 1 , 

. . .1. 

Productns  cora 

1 ^ 1 

[ X I 

x I . 

x 

Productus  nebraskensis 

I X I 

x 1 

x 1 . 

Strophalosia  sp 

1 1 

1 X 1 

x I 

x . 

Astartella.  cf.  gnrleyi 

I X 1. 

1. 

A vicnlopecten  cf.  rectilaterarius 

1 1. 

. . .1. 

. . . . 
. . . 1 

x 

AviciPopecten  ? sp 

1 1. 

. . . 1 

x 

Avinnlopeeten  whitei9 

1 1. 

. . . . 

. . .1 

x 

Aviculopinna  americana 

1 |. 

• . • 1 • 
. . .1. 

. . . 1 
. . .1 

X 

Cardiomcrpha?  sp 

I x 1. 

. . .1. 

. . .1. 

Fdmondia.  sp  

I 1. 

. . .1. 

. . .1 

x 

Nnrni’a  parva 

i a 1 . 

. . .1. 

. . . 1 

c 

Nucula  sp 

i i. 

1 • 

. . .1. 

. . .1 

X 

Nucula  ventricosa 

1 x 1. 

. . .1. 

. . .1 

Nuculana  bellistriata 

f X | . 

. . .1. 

• 1 • 
. . .1 

X 

Pelecypod  sp 

; i. 

. . .j . 

. . . 1 

X 

Pinna  peracuta 

...  1 

X 1 . 

Pleurophorus  sp  

| 1. 

...  1 

. . . [ 

x 

Prothyris  elegans 

. . . . 
. . . 1 . 

. . . 1 

X 

Schizodus  ? sp 

x I . 

. . .1. 

. . .L 

Sedgwickia  cf . topekensis 

| |. 

1 

. . . 1 . 

• 1 
. . .1 

x 

Aclisina  stevensana 

i x 1 . 

. • ■ r 
. . .1. 

Aclisina  swallowana 

! x I. 

. . .[. 

Bellerophon  percarinatus 

1 c 1 

. . .1. 

. . .1 

X? 

“Bellerophon”  sp 

. . .1 

X j . 
. . 1 

Bellerophon  stevensanus 

i a [ . 

..A. 

x 

Bulimorpha  chrysalis 

| a 1 . 

. . .[. 

Bulimorplia  sp 

1 X 1. 

. . .1. 

Bulimorpha  sp.  

‘ X 1 . 

. . . . 

. . .j. 

Euphemus  carbonarius 

. . . . 
* 1 

• • • 1 • 

x 

Gastropod  sp 

[ X 1. 

. . . 1. 

. . .[. 

Gastropod  sp 

. . .1. 

. . .1 

X 

Gastropod  sp 

1 1 

x ! . 

. . . 1. 

Loxonema  scitu’um 

I X |. 

. . .1. 

. . .1. 

Loxonema  semicosta  turn 

I X 1. 

• • • 1 • 
. . .1. 

. . .!. 

Patellostium  montfortianum 

| X 1. 

. . . I . 

Plagioglypta  meekana 

I A 1 

i X . 

. . . . 

Pleurotomaria  sp 

| x !. 

. . . . 
. . .1. 

. . . . 
. . .1. 

Sphaerodoma  primogenia 

i l • 

| 1. 

. . 1 

x ! . 

Soleniscus  brevis 

...  1 
. .1. 

1 

Tainoceras  occidentalis? 

1 A i • 

1 X 1 . 

. . . 1 . 

Ostracoda,  several  species 

I X 1 

x 1 . 

. . . . 
. . . 1 

x 

Vertebrate  remains,  fragments 

1 1 

| 

x 1 . 

“In  the  co'umns  to  the  right  in  the  above  list,  the  “a”  signifies 
that  the  specimens  of  the  species  of  fossils  were  quite  abundant;  the 
“c”,  that  they  were  common,  that  is  present  in  numbers;  and  the  “x”, 
rare  to  fairly  numerous.” 


256  STRATIGRAPHY THE  CONEMAUGH  SERIES. 

The  Harlem  Coal. 

From  a few  inches  to  10  feet  below  the  Lower  Ames  lime- 
stone there  occurs  in  the  northwestern  portion  of  the  State 
a very  persistent  coal.  It  was  named  the  Crinoidal  coal  by 
the  First  Geol.  Survey  of  Penna.,  and  later  the  Friendsville 
coal  by  G.  C.  Martin  of  the  Maryland  Geol.  Survey.  Accord- 
ing to  J.  J.  Stevenson,  the  designation,  Harlem  coal  by  J.  S. 
Newberry,  from  a town  of  that  name  in  Carroll  county,  Ohio, 
where  it  was  worked  in  shafts6,  has  priority  in  geological 
nomenclature. 

In  Doddridge  county  this  coal  lies  entirely  below  drain- 
age, but  it  is  recorded  in  the  log  of  the  Wm.  Flanagan  No.  1 
well  (198),  used  in  connection  with  Greenwood  section,  page 
80.  This  is  the  only  place  the  coal  was  noted  in  the  records 
of  a large  number  of  wells. 

In  Harrison  the  Harlem  coal  crops  over  practically  the 
same  area  of  the  county  as  that  outlined  for  the  Ames  lime- 
stones. Its  relative  position  in  the  rock  column  is  exhibited 
in  the  sections  given  on  preceding  pages  for  West  Milford, 
Bridgeport,  Grassland,  Byron,  and  Romines  Mills.  Measure- 
ments at  crop  show  that  it  ranges  in  thickness  from  10  to  30 
inches. 

‘In  the  northeastern  corner  of  Simpson  district,  Mr.  Reger 
collected  a sample  of  this  coal  for  analysis,  and  measured  the 
following  section  near  the  head  of  Anns  run  on  the  land  of  J. 
I.  Brohard : 

Opening  No.  87  on  Map. 

Feet.  Inches. 


1.  Shale,  greenish 10  0 

2.  Limestone,  silicious,  fossiliferous,  Lower 

Ames  J 0 

3.  Shale,  dark  gray 8 0 

4.  Coal,  Harlem 1 4 

5.  Shale,  gray,  to  bed  of  Anns  run 1 0 

(Elevation  of  coal,  1055'  A.  T.,  aneroid). 


The  sample  was  collected  from  No.  4 of  section,  the  com- 
position of  which  is  reported  by  Prof.  Hite  as  follows : 


6.  Bull.  Geol.  Soc.  of  America,  Vol.  17,  p.  156;  1906. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


257 


Proximate  Analysis. 

Per  cent. 

Moisture  0.70 

Volatile  Matter 36.50 

Fixed  Carbon \....  51.48 

Ash  11.32 


Total 100.00 

Sulphur  3.01 

Phosphorus  0.032 


Ultimate  Analysis. 

Per  cent. 

Carbon  72.82 

Hydrogen  4.81 

Oxygen  6.82 

Nitrogen  1.22 

Sulphur  3.01 

Ash  11.32 


Total 100.00 


Calorimeter  B.  T.  U 13,412 

C'a’cu  ated  B.  T.  U 13,169 

Carbon  72.82 

Fuel  ratio  = = = 4.01 

Oxygen  -f-  Ash  6.82  + 11.32 

The  above  results  reveal  a very  good  quality  of  coal,  com- 
paring favorably  both  in  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio  with 
the  Washington  bed  of  the  Dunkard  series  in  Doddridge 
county ; in  fact,  both  favor  the  Harlem  bed. 

Passing  southwest  in  the  same  district  to  the  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  railroad  grade,  one-fifth  mile  west  of  Bridgeport  station, 
we  find  the  Harlem  coal  cropping  at  an  elevation  of  980'  A.  T., 
aneroid.  The  following  section  was  measured  at  this  point : 


Opening  No.  88  on  Map. 

Feet.  Inches. 

Limestone,  Lower.  Ames,  fossiliferous.  . ..  2 6 

Shale,  dark 0 6 

Coal,  good,  Harlem 1 10 

Fire  clay  shale 2 0 

Shale  to  railroad  grade 3 0 


The  writer  collected  a sample  for  analysis  of  the  coal — 
No.  3 of  section — the  composition  of  which  is  reported  by 
Prof.  Hite  as  follows : 


Proximate 

Analysis. 

Ultimate 

Analysis. 

Per  cent. 

Per  cent. 

Moisture  

0.95 

Carbon  

74.02 

Volatile  Matter.. 

36.52 

Hydrogen  

4.66 

Fixed  Carbon . . . 

52.32 

Oxygen  

5.94 

Ash  

10.21 

Nitrogen  

1.08 

Sulphur  

4.09 

Total 

100.00 

Ash  

10.21 

Sulphur  

4.09 

Total 

100.00 

Phosphorus  . . . . 

0.008 

Calorimeter  B.  T.  U. 


13,562 


Calculated  B.  T.  U 13,344 

Carbon  74.02 

Fuel  ratio  = = = 4.58 


Oxygen  4-  Ash 


5.94  + 10.21 


258 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  CONEMAUGH  SERIES. 


In  the  same  district,  Mr.  Reger,  collected  a sample  for 
analysis  from  the  same  bed,  and  measured  the  following  sec- 
tion at  an  opening  on  the  Cornell  and  Lang  farm  near  the 
electric  railroad  grade,  0.7  mile  southwest  from  Bridgeport 
station  at  an  elevation  of  1050'  A.  Tv,  aneroid : 


Opening  No.  89  on  Map. 

Feet.  Inches. 


1.  Limestone,  fossiliferous,  Lower  Ames...  0 10 

2.  Shale,  sandy  top,  dark  gray  bottom 10  0 

3.  Coal,  good  Harlem 1 6 

4.  Fire  clay 1 6 

5.  Limestone,  silicious,  gray,  broken,  Ewing 

to  railroad  grade 5 0 


The  sample  was  collected  from  No.  3 of  section,  the  com- 
position and  calorific  value  of  which  is  reported  by  Prof.  Hite 
.as  follows : 


Proximate  Analysis. 


Ultimate  Analysis. 


Moisture  

Per  cent. 
0.84 

Carbon  

Per  cent. 
71.00 

Volatile  Matter.... 

35.71 

Hydrogen  

4.78 

Fixed  Carbon 

51.45 

Oxygen  

6.90 

Ash  

12.00 

Nitrogen  

1.27 

Total 

100.00 

Sulphur  

Ash  

4.05 

12.00 

Sulphur  

Total 

100.00 

Phosphorus  

0.034 

Calorimeter  B.  T.  U 13,135 

Calculated  B.  T.  U 12,921 

Carbon . 71.00 


Fuel  ratio 


3.76 


Oxygen  + Ash  6.90  -j-  12.00 


Passing  eastward  along  the  B.  & O.  R.  R.  grade  from 
Bridgeport  to  a cut  one-half  mile  southeast  from  Oral,  we  find 
18  inches  of  the  Harlem  coal,  according  to  Mr.  Reger,  crop- 
ping at  an  elevation  of  1050'  A.  T.,  aneroid,  4 feet  below  the 
Lower  Ames  limestone. 

Southwest  from  Oral  1.2  miles  in  the  same  district  on 
Davisson  run,  we  find  the  following  section  exposed  on  the 
south  side  of  the  latter  stream,  just  west  of  the  axis  of  the 
Chestnut  Ridge  anticline : 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


259 


Feet.  Inches. 


Limestone,  fossiliferous,  Lower  Ames 2 0 

Shale,  dark 10  0 

Coal,  Harlem 0 6 

Fire  clay  shale 5 0 

Sandstone,  shaly 20  0 

Concealed 30  0 

(Elevation  of  coal,  1085'  A.  T.,  aneroid). 


Southeastward  three-fourths  mile  the  coal  has  thickened 
up  to  12  inches  at  an  exposure  near  a road  fork. 

In  the  southern  portion  of  Simpson  district,  the  Harlem 
coal  crops  along  the  hill  road  leading  northwest  from  the  resi- 
dence of  Chas.  J.  Roy,  2.2  miles  northeast  of  Quiet  Dell,  where 
the  following  section  was  measured : 

Feet.  Inches. 


Limestone,  shaly,  fossiliferous.  Lower  Ames.  2 0 

Shale,  dark  gray 10  0 

Coal,  good,  Harlem 1 6 

Fire  clay. 

(Elevation  of  coal,  1070'  A.  T.,  aneroid). 


One-half  mile  southeastward  the  same  thickness  of  Har- 
lem coal  is  exposed  at  the  fork  of  the  second  class  road. 

In  Elk  district  the  Harlem  coal  attains  about  the  same 
thickness  and  character  as  in  Simpson.  In  the  northern  part 
of  the  former  area,  this  bed  crops  at  the  triangle  of  roads,  1.4 
miles  southeast  from  Quiet  Dell,  at  an  elevation  of  1135'  A. 
T.,  aneroid.  Here  the  coal  is  18  inches  thick,  coming  10  feet 
below  the  Lower  Ames  limestone. 

Near  the  western  border  of  Elk  the  following  section  was 
measured  at  the  crop  of  this  coal  along  the  road,  one-half  mile 
northwest  of  the  Arthur  Conley  No.  1 gas  well  (136),  near 
the  head  of  Hastings  run : 

Feet.  Inches. 

Limestone,  fossiliferous,  Lower  Ames 0 6 

Shale,  dark  green  and  sandy 5 0 


Coal  0'  3y2"l 

Slate,  black 0 3 {-Harlem  1 6% 

Coal  1 0 J 

Fire  clay. 


This  exposure  is  an  exception,  in  that  the  Harlem  bed 
does  not  usually  have  a parting  slate. 

Near  the  central  portion  of  Elk  district  Mr.  Reger  ob- 


260 


STRATIGRAPHY — THE  CONEMAUGH  SERIES. 


tained  the  following  section  at  an  exposure  of  this  coal  on  the 
south  side  of  Stevens  run,  one  mile  southwest  from  Craig- 
moor,  0.2  miles  southward  from  the  A.  H.  Davisson  No.  1 
gas  well  (737)  : 

Feet.  Inches. 

Sandstone,  gray,  medium  grained,  Grafton..  20  0 


Concealed  10  6 

Coal,  good,  Harlem 2 6 

Shale,  brown 5 0 

Limestone,  good,  Ewing 4 0 


(Elevation  of  coal,  1125'  A.  T.,  aneroid). 

The  section  shows  the  maximum  thickness  of  the  coal  ob- 
served at  this  horizon  in  Harrison  county. 

Slightly  over  a mile  southward  on  Rooting  creek,  Mr. 
Reger  obtained  a sample  of  the  Harlem  coal  for  analysis,  and 
measured  the  following  section  at  an  exposure  along  the  road 
northeast  from  a school  house,  on  the  land  of  Isaac  Maxwell: 


Isaac  Maxwell  Opening,  No.  91  on  Map. 

Feet.  Inches. 


1.  Shales,  greenish  brown 10  0 

2.  Limestone,  hard,  blue,  Lower  Ames- 0 6 

3.  Slate,  dark  gray 2 0 

4.  Coal,  good,  Harlem 2 0 

5.  Shale,  limy  to  road 3 0 

(Elevation  of  coal,  1050'  A.  T.,  aneroid). 


Sample  taken  from  No.  4 of  section,  the  composition  of 
which  is  reported  by  Prof.  Hite  as  follows : 


Proximate 

Analysis. 

Ultimate 

Analysis. 

Per  cent. 

Per  cent. 

Moisture  

5.99 

Carbon  

63.88 

Volatile  Matter.. 

32.34 

Hydrogen  

4.84 

Fixed  Carbon . . . . 

50.59 

Oxygen  

17.48 

Ash  

11.08 

Nitrogen  

1.12 

Sulphur  

1.60 

Total 

100.00 

Ash  

11.08 

Sulphur  

1.60 

Total 

100.00 

Phosphorus  

0.036 

Calorimeter  B.  T.  U 11,148 

Calculated  B.  T.  U 10,947 

Carbon  63.88 


Fuel  ratio 


Oxygen  -j-  Ash 


17.48  + 11.08 


2.24 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


261 


The  low  B.  T.  U.  and  fuel  ratio  results  are  due  to  the  ex- 
cessive amount  of  oxygen  in  the  sample  as  revealed  in  the  ulti- 
mate analysis.  The  sample  was  collected  directly  on  the  crop 
where  more  or  less  weathering  had  taken  place;  hence,  the 
high  oxygen  content. 

In  Grant  district,  the  Harlem  coal  appears  to  have  about 
'the  same  thickness  and  character,  except  in  the  southwest 
corner,  as  it  does  in  Elk  and  Simpson.  In  the  southeastern 
part  of  the  district  this  coal  crops  in  the  road  one-half  mile 
southwest  from  Rockford,  at  an  elevation  of  130'  A.  T., 
aneroid.  Here  it  is  22  inches  thick  without  partings. 

Near  the  center  of  the  district,  Mr.  Reger  collected  a 
sample  of  this  coal  and  measured  the  following  section  at  its 
crop  in  the  road  on  the  land  of  Isaac  Maxwell,  0.2  mile  north- 
west from  Lost  Creek  railroad  station : 


Isaac  Maxwell  Opening,  No.  90  on  Map. 

Feet.  Inches. 


1.  Shale,  brown  and  ferriferous 10  0 

2.  Limestone,  fossiliferous,  Ames 1 0 

3.  Slate  3 0 

4.  Coal,  good,  Harlem 2 6 

5.  Shale,  yellow,  to  road 4 0 


The  sample  was  collected  from  No.  4 of  section,  the  com- 
position of  which  is  reported  by  Prof.  Hite  as  follows,  along 
with  the  average  of  the  first  three  out  of  the  five  above  sam- 
ples of  Harlem  coal  analyzed  from  Harrison  county: 


Proximate  Analysis.  Ultimate  Analysis. 


Opening 

Average 

Opening 

Average 

No.  90  3 Samples. 

No.  90 

3 Samples. 

Per  cent. 

Per  cent. 

Per  cent. 

Per  cent. 

Moisture  . . 

7.01 

0.83 

Carbon  . . . 

59.43 

72.61 

Volatile  Matter . 37.95 

36.24 

Hydrogen 

f 12 

4.75 

Fixed  Carbon. . .42.68 

51.75 

Oxygen  . . . 

21.69 

6.55 

Ash  

12.36 

11.18 

Nitrogen  . 

1.03 

1.19 

Sulphur  . . 

1.37 

3.72 

Totals. . , 

. . . .100.00 

100.00 

Ash  

12.36 

11.18 

Sulphur  . . . 

....  1.37 

3.17 

Totals. . 

. . . .100.00 

100.00 

Phosphorus 

...  0.038 

0.024 

262 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  CONEMAUGH  SERIES. 


Opening 
No.  90 
Per  cent. 

Calorimeter  B.  T.  U 10,226 


Calculated  B.  T.  U 9,574 

Carbon 

Fuel  ratio  = = 1.75 


Oxygen  + Ash 


Average 
3 Samples. 
Per  cent. 
13,370 
13,145 

4.12 


This  sample  (No.  90)  contains  an  even  higher  percentage 
of  oxygen  than  that  from  No.  91  on  Rooting  creek,  and  the 
same  conditions  are  probably  responsible  for  the  low  B.  T.  U. 
and  fuel  ratio  results  as  at  the  latter  opening.  The  average  of 
the  three  samples  of  Harlem  coal  compares  favorably  with 
the  Pittsburgh  bed  as  exhibited  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses 
on  a subsequent  page. 

Passing  to  the  southwest  corner  of  Grant  district,  we  find 
the  Harlem  coal  cropping  0.2  mile  eastward  from  the  mouth 
of  Bens  run  of  Hackers  creek,  at  an  elevation  of  1030'  A. 
T.,  aneroid.  Here  it  is  only  10  inches  thick,  coming  3 feet 
below  the  Lower  Ames  limestone.  Its  crop  is  exposed  along 
the  road,  0.7  miles  eastward  from  the  mouth  of  Kincheloe 
creek,  at  an  elevation  of  1085'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Here  it  is  only 
3 inches  thick,  coming  immediately  below  the  Lower  Ames 
limestone. 

A further  discussion  of  the  character  and  quantity  of 
this  coal  available  in  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  will  be 
given  in  a subsequent  chapter  of  this  report. 


The  Ewing  Limestone. 

At  1 to  10  feet  below  the  Harlem  there  sometimes  occurs 
a calcareous  stratum,  1 to  5 feet  thick,  that  has  been  named 
by  Ohio  geologists  the  Ewing  limestone.  It  appears  to  be 
of  fresh  or  brackish  water  origin  in  West  Virginia,  since 
it  does  not  contain  marine  fossils. 

This  limestone  lies  entirely  below  drainage  in  Doddridge 
county. 

In  Harrison  it  crops  over  practically  the  same  area  as 
that  outlined  for  the  Ames  limestones.  Its  relative  position 
in  the  rock  column  is  exhibited  in  the  section  given  for  Ro- 
mines  Mills,  page  126. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


263 


In  Simpson  district  this  stratum  crops  along  the  grade 
of  the  electric  railroad,  0.7  mile  southwest  from  Bridgeport, 
at  an  elevation  of  1045'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Here  it  is  gray,  sili- 
cious,  and  5 feet  thick,  coming  18  inches  below  the  Harlem 
coal  and  13  feet  below  the  Lower  Ames  limestone. 

In  the  northern  part  of  Elk  district  the  following  was 
measured  at  its  crop  along  the  public  highway,  0.8  mile  north- 
east from  Quiet  Dell : 

Feet.  Inches. 

Limestone,  fossiliferous,  Lower  Ames,  thick- 


ness not  exposed 

Shale,  dark 10  0 

Coal,  Harlem 1 6 

Fire  clay  shale 5 0 

Limestone,  gray  and  hard,  with  minute 

fresh  water  fossils,  Ewing 2 0 


Near  the  central  portion  of  Elk  district  Mr.  Reger  col- 
lected a sample  of  this  limestone  for  analysis,  and  measured 
the  following  section  at  its  crop  on  Stevens  run,  one  mile 
southwest  from  Craigmoor: 

Feet.  * Inches. 


Coal,  good,  Harlem 2 6 

Shale^,  brown 5 0 

Limestone,  Ewing 4 0 


Prof.  Hite  reports  the  following  composition  for  the  sam- 
ple of  limestone  collected  at  this  place: 

Per  cent. 


Silica  (Si  02) 11.72 

Ferric  Iron  (Fe203) 2.57 

Alumina  (A1,03) 8.99 

Calcium  Carbonate  (Ca  C03) 68.96 

Magnesium  Carbonate  (Mg  C03) 3.65 

Phosphoric  Acid  (P205) 0.29 

Loss  on  ignition 4.76 


Total 100.94 


The  results  reveal  a ledge  adapted  to  the  manufacture  of 
hydraulic  cement,  hydrated  lime  for  agricultural  purposes,  and 
road  material. 

The  crop  of  the  Ewing  limestone  was  observed  at  only 
one  point  in  Grant  district.  This  is  where  it  rises  out  of 
West  Fork  river  at  Goodhope,  as  exhibited  by  the  following 
section : 


264 


• STRATIGRAPHY THE  CONEMAUGH  SERIES. 


Feet.  Inches. 


Fire  c'ay  shale 6 0 

Limestone,  gray  and  hard,  conglomeratic 
and  nodular  at  top,  massive  at  bottom, 

Ewing  5 0 

Sandstone  to  river  bed 5 0 


While  not  so  thick  and  persistent  as  the  Clarksburg  lime- 
stone, yet  the  Ewing  should  furnish  an  abundant  supply  of 
road  material  for  the  localities  near  the  above  mentioned  ex- 
posures. 

The  Pittsburgh  Red  Shale. 

Immediately  below  the  Ewing  limestone  in  northern  West 
Virginia  there  occurs  a soft,  red  or  purple,  and  variegated 
shale,  ranging  in  thickness  from  30  to  100  feet,  that  has  been 
designated  the  Pittsburgh  Red  Shale  from  their  crop  near  the 
city  of  that  name  in  Pennsylvania.  This  band  of  reds  is 
nearly  always  recorded  by  the  drillers  for  oil  and  gas,  and  is 
usually  called  by  them  the  “Big  Red  Cave”  on  account  of 
their  caving  tendencies  when  penetrated  by  the  drill.  Great 
care  has  to  be  exercised  in  drilling  through  these  reds  to 
avoid  losing  the  drilling  tools. 

In  Doddridge  county  these  shales  lie  entirely  below  drain- 
age, but  their  thicknesses  are  recorded  in  the  logs  of  the  bor- 
ings used  in  connection  with  the  sections  for  Centerpoint, 
Canton,  and  Greenwpod,  pages  72,  75  and  80,  respectively 

In  Harrison  these  reds  are  recorded  in  the  borings  used 
in  connection  with  the  sections  for  Salem,  West  Milford, 
Boothsville,  and  Romines  Mills.  The  shale  crops  over  a large 
portion  of  the  area  outlined  for  the  crop  of  the  Ewing  lime- 
stone in  this  county.  Eastward  from  Bridgeport  the  reds 
have  apparently  been  replaced  by  sandstone  near  Oral.  The 
shales  quite  generally  contain  nuggets  of  limestone,  and  for 
that  reason  add  to  the  fertility  of  the  soil  wherever  they  come 
above  drainage. 

The  Saltsburg  Sandstone. 

The  basal  portion  of  the  Pittsburgh  Red  Shale  is  fre- 
quently replaced  by  a massive  sandstone  that  attains  a thick  - 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


265 


ness  of  100  feet  near  Saltsburg,  Penna.,  from  which  J.  J. 
Stevenson  has  named  it  the  Saltsburg  sandstone. 

In  Doddridge  county  this  stratum  lies  entirely  below 
drainage,  but  its  thickness  is  recorded  in  the  log  of  the  boring 
used  in  connection  with  section  for  Big  Isaac,  page  89. 

In  Harrison  the  crop  of  this  sandstone  is  confined  to  the 
crest  of  the  Wolf  'Summit  anticline  in  the  extreme  southeast 
corner  of  Union  district,  and  the  southwest  corner  of  Grant; 
and  to  the  crest  of  the  Chestnut  Ridge  anticline  southwest- 
ward  in  Simpson,  Elk  and  Clay  districts.  The  thickness, 
character,  and  relative  position  of  this  stratum  in  the  rock 
column  in  this  county  is  exhibited  in  the  sections  given  on 
preceding  pages  for  Brown,  Fonda  S.,  Salem,  Wyatt,  Adams- 
ville,  Two  Miles  North  of  Clarksburg,  and  Byron. 

In  Simpson  district  the  Saltsburg  sandstone  is  elevated 
above  drainage  on  Davisson  run,  1.2  miles  due  south  from 
Bridgeport,  where  it  is  quarried  for  building  purposes  on  the 
property  of  Benjamin  Stout.  Here  it  is  bluish  gray  and  med- 
ium grained,  the  top  of  the  quarry  coming  50  to  60  feet  below 
the  horizon  of  the  Harlem  coal.  The  entire  thickness  of  the 
sandstone  is  not  exposed,  only  15  feet  being  visible.  The 
product  is  waggoned  to  Bridgeport  where  it  gives  excellent 
results  on  account  of  its  durability  in  retaining  walls  and  for 
foundations  of  buildings.  The  base  of  the  quarry  has  an 
elevation  of  1005'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  One-half  mile  eastward 
this  stratum  crops  along  the  road  on  the  north  side  of  Dav- 
isson run  near  the  axis  of  the  Chestnut  Ridge  anticline.  Here 
it  is  pebbly  and  massive,  coming  40  feet  below  the  Harlem 
coal.  The  top  has  an  elevation  of  1050'  A.  T.,  aneroid. 

In  the  eastern  edge  of  the  same  district,  D.  B.  Reger  re- 
ports a very  hard,  massive  and  gray  sandstone  cropping  in  the 
Baltimore  & Ohio  railroad  cut,  one-half  mile  eastward  from 
Oral  station,  at  an  elevation  of  1025'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  This 
stratum  may  correlate  with  the  Saltsburg  sandstone,  but  if  so. 
the  Pittsburgh  Red  Shale  has  thinned  away  almost  entirely, 
as  revealed  by  the  following  section,  measured  by  Mr.  Reger: 


266 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  CONEMAUGH  SERIES. 


Feet. 


Limestone,  Lower  Ames 1 

Shale,  gray 4 

Coal,  Harlem lx/z 

Shale,  brown,  limy,  fossiliferous 10 

Sandstone,  (Saltsburg?) 20 


Mr.  Reger  reports  the  sandstone  undergoing  a trans- 
formation in  character  in  this  cut  within  a distance  of  300  to 
400  feet,  changing  from  a hard  massive  rock  to  a shaly  stra- 
tum ; hence,  it  may  represent  only  a local  replacement  of  the 
reds  by  sandstone,  and  not  the  Saltsburg. 

In  the  northern  part  of  Elk  district  this  sandstone  is 
elevated  above  drainage  on  Brushy  fork,  one-half  mile  north- 
east from  Quiet  Dell,  at  the  highway  bridge  over  the  latter 
stream.  Here  15  feet  of  the  basal  portion  is  visible,  coming 
immediately  over  10  inches  o:  Bakerstown  coal,  and  60  feet 
below  the  Harlem  coal.  The  elevation  of  the  sandstone  at 
this  point  is  975'  A.  T.,  aneroid. 

Passing  southward  in  the  same  district  2 miles,  we  find  it 
cropping  in  the  road  one-fourth  mile  northwest  from  the 
mouth  of  Fall  run,  at  an  elevation  of  1055'  A.  T.,  aneroid. 
Here  it  is  coarse,  massive,  and  15  feet  thick,  coming  2 feet 
over  60  inches  of  Bakerstown  coal,  and  55  to  60  feet  below  the 
Harlem  coal.  One  mile  southward,  Mr.  Reger  reports  20  feet 
of  hard  pebbly  sandstone  at  this  horizon  along  the  road  on 
Hastings  run,  0.7  mile  west  of  Craigmoor,  coming  imme- 
diately over  1 foot  of  Bakerstown  coal,  at  an  elevation  of 
1040'  A.  T.  spirit  level. 

In  Grant  district  the  Saltsburg  sandstone  is  raised  above 
drainage  by  the  Chestnut  Ridge  anticline  on  Lost  creek  in 
Rockford,  at  an  elevation  of  1070'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Here  it  is 
coarse,  brown,  massive,  and  40  feet  thick,  coming  immediately 
over  the  Bakerstown  coal. 

In  the  extreme  southeast  corner  of  Un?on  district  the 
Saltsburg  makes  vertical  cliffs,  20  to  30  feet  high,  just  above 
water  level  at  the  mouth  of  Kincheloe  creek,  offering  fine 
exposures  for  quarrying  purposes. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


267 


The  Bakerstown  Coal. 

At  1 to  10  feet  below  the  Saltsburg  sandstone  and  75  to 
300  feet  below  the  Ames  limestone  there  occurs  a coal  bed 
that  often  attains  minable  thickness  in  West  Virginia.  This 
vein  has  been  designated  the  Bakerstown  coal  by  I.  C. 
White7  from  a town  of  that  name  in  Allegheny  county, 
Penna.,  near  which  it  has  been  mined. 

In  Doddridge  this  coal  lies  entirely  below  drainage,  and 
according  the  the  logs  of  numerous  wells  bored  for  oil  and 
gas,  the  bed  does  not  attain  merchantable  thickness  and 
regularity  in  the  county.  Its  thickness  is  recorded  as  2 feet 
in  the  log  of  the  Wm.  Flanagan  No.  1 well  (198),  used  in 
connection  with  the  Greenwood  section,  page  80. 

In  Harrison  the  crop  of  the  Bakerstown  coal  is  confined 
to  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  Chestnut  Ridge  anticline 
where  the  latter  fold  is  intersected  by  Simpson  creek,  Brushy 
fork,  Elk  creek,  and  Lost  creek.  Its  relative  position  in  the 
rock  column  in  this  county  is  exhibited  in  the  sections  given 
on  preceding  pages  for  Goodhope,  Wilsonburg  S.,  Two 
Miles  North  of  Clarksburg,  and  Lost  Creek. 

In  Simpson  district,  the  only  place  the  crop  of  the  Ba- 
kerstown coal  was  observed  was  at  the  road  fork,  one-half 
mile  northwest  of  Oral  station.  Here,  according  to  Mr. 
Reger,  it  is  only  1 inch  thick,  coming  85  to  90  feet  below 
the  Harlem  coal.  Its  elevation  at  this  place  is  1005'  A.  T., 
aneroid. 

Passing  southwestward  to  the  northern  part  of  Elk  district, 
we  find  this  coal  cropping  one-half  mile  northeast  of  Quiet 
Dell  near  the  bridge  over  Brushy  fork,  at  an  elevation  of 
975'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Here  the  following  section  was  meas- 
ured : 

Feet.  Inches. 


Sandstone,  massive,  Saltsburg 15  0 

Coal,  Bakerstown 0 10 

Concealed  


The  coal  comes  75  to  80  feet  below  the  crop  of  the  Har- 
lem coal  in  the  road  to  the  northeast. 


7.  Report  Q,  Second  Geol.  Survey,  Penna 


268 


STRATIGRAPHY THE  CONEMAUGH  SERIES. 


Two  miles  southward,  the  coal  crops  in  the  road,  one- 
fourth  mile  northwest  from  the  mouth  of  Fall  run  at  an 
elevation  of  1055'  A.  T.,  aneroid,  coming  80  feet  below  the 
Harlem  bed.  Here  the  following  section  is  exposed : 

Feet.  Inches. 


Sandstone,  massive,  coarse,  Saltsburg 15  0 

Concealed  2 0 

Coal,  Bakerstown 0 6 

Fire  clay  shale 


Near  the  central  part  of  Elk  district,  Mr.  Reger  reports 
12  inches  of  Bakerstown  coal  on  the  south  side  of  Hastings 
run,  0.7  mile  westward  from  Craigmoor,  at  an  elevation  of 
1040'  A.  T.,  spirit  level.  Here  the  bed  is  overlaid  directly  by 
20  feet  of  massive  and  pebbly  sandstone  (Saltsburg). 

In  Grant  district  the  Bakerstown  coal  crops  along  the 
road  on  Lost  creek  at  Rockford,  at  an  elevation  of  1070'  A. 
T.,  aneroid.  Here  the  following  section  was  measured : 

Feet.  Inches. 


Sandstone,  coarse,  brown,  massive,  Salts- 
burg   40  0 

Coal,  Bakerstown 0 6 

Fire  clay,  concealed  and  massive  sandstone, 

pebbly,  Buffalo,  to  creek  bed 35  0 


One-half  mile  northwest  from  Rockford,  this  coal  crops 
in  the  road  at  an  elevation  of  1055'  A.  T.,  aneroid.  Here  it 
is  only  6 inches  thick.  It  is  this  coal  that  crops  at  the  road 
fork  at  an  elevation  of  1080'  A.  T.,  spirit  level,  0.6  mile  south- 
east of  Rockford.  There  it  is  less  than  one  foot  thick. 

As  in  Doddridge,  the  Bakerstown  coal  is  thin,  irregular 
and  worthless  in  Harrison  county. 

The  Pine  Creek  limestone  of  I.  C.  White  was  not  ob- 
served at  any  point  where  its  horizon  is  elevated  above 
drainage  in  Harrison  county. 

The  Buffalo  Sandstone. 

At  10  to  30  feet  below  the  Bakerstown  coal  in  northern 
West  Virginia  there  occurs  a massive,  arenaceous,  and  peb- 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


269 


bly  stratum  that  has  been  named  the  Buffalo  sandstone  by 
I.  C.  Whites  from  a stream  of  that  name  along  which  it  crops 
in  Butler  county,  Penna.  It  is  this  stratum  that  correlates 
with  the  First  Cow  Run  oil  sand  of  Cow  Run,  Ohio,  and  the 
Little  Dunkard  sand  of  eastern  Greene  county,  Penna. 

In  Doddridge  county  the  Buffalo  sandstone  lies  deeply 
buried  below  drainage,  but  its  thickness  is  recorded  in  the 
logs  of  the  borings  used  in  connection  with  the  sections  for 
Canton  and  Greenwood,  pages  75  and  80,  respectively. 

In  Harrison,  county  the  crop  of  the  Buffalo  is  confined  to 
near  the  crest  of  the  Chestnut  Ridge  anticline  where  the 
latter  fold  is  crossed  by  Elk  and  Lost  creeks.  Its  thickness 
and  relative  position  in  the  rock  column  are  exhibited  in  the 
sections  given  on  preceding  pages  for  Dewey  town,  West 
Milford,  Goodhope,  Lumberport,  Boothsville,  Wilsonburg, 
and  Two  Miles  North  of  Clarksburg. 

In  Elk  district  it  is  this  stratum  that  crops  at  the  road 
fork  at  the  mouth  of  Fall  run,  three-fourths  mile  northwest 
from  Craigmoor,  at  an  elevation  of  1000'  A.  T.,  aneroid. 
Here  it  is  coarse,  brown,  massive,  and  pebbly,  forming  large 
boulders.  Its  total  thickness  is  not  exposed. 

In  Grant  district  this  sandstone  makes  the  shoals  in 
Lost  creek  at  Rockford.  No  quarries  were  observed  on  this 
ledge  in  the  county. 

The  Brush  creek  limestone,  Brush  creek  coal,  and  Mahon- 
ing sandstone  do  not  get  above  drainage  in  the  Doddridge- 
Harrison  area.  The  horizon  of  the  latter,  however,  is  re- 
corded in  the  logs  of  the  borings  used  in  connection  with  the 
sections  given  on  preceding  pages  for  Canton,  Long  Run, 
Greenwood,  and  Big  Isaac  for  Doddridge  county ; and  for 
Brown,  Fonda,  Deweytown,  West  Milford,  Benson,  Lumber- 
port,  Adamsville,  Bridgeport,  and  Romines  Mills. 


8.  Report  Q,  Penna.  Geol.  Survey. 


PART  III 


The  Mineral  Resources  of  the  Dod- 
dridge-Harrison  Area. 

CHAPTER  VIII. 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


All  the  oil  and  gas  yet  discovered  in  West  Virginia, 
with  one  or  two  exceptions,  has  been  produced  from  sand- 
stone beds,  called  “sands”  by  the  well  drillers.  The  latter 
have  given  these  sands  various  names  which  have  come  into 
general  use.  In  northern  Calhoun  and  northeastern  Roane 
counties,  the  Greenbrier  limestone,  or  “Big  Lime”  of  the 
drillers,  has  produced  some  dark,  heavy  oil.  This  is  the 
only  calcareous  stratum  that  has  produced  either  oil  or  gas 
in  the  State.  The  following  table,  taken  from  pages  278 
and  279  of  the  Wirt-Roane-Calhoun  Report  of  the  State 
Survey,  exhibits  the  position  of  the  several  sands,  or  oil  and 
gas  bearing  horizons  in  West  Virginia: 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


271 


The  Oil  and  Gas  Horizons  of  West  Virginia. 

f Monongahela  Series  Carroll  sand  (Uniontown). 

\ Minshall  (Connellsville). 

| Murphy  (Morgantown). 

J Moundsville  (Saltsburg). 

] First  Cow  Run  (Little  Dunkard)  sand 
| (Buffalo). 

[Big  Dunkard  sand  (Mahoning). 

j Burning  Springs  (Upper  Freeport)  sand. 

| Gas  sand  (Lower  Freeport). 

f Gas  sand  of  Marion  and  Monongalia  coun- 
| ties  (Homewood),  Second  Cow  Run  of 
j Ohio. 

] Gas  sand  of  Cairo, 
j Salt  sand  of  Cairo. 

[ Cairo? 

Mauch  Chunk  Red  Maxton,  Dawson,  Cairo. 

Shale 

Greenbrier  Limestone  “Big  Lime”;  not  generally  productive. 

f Keener  sand  and  Beckett  sand  of  Mi’ton. 

J Big  Injun  sand. 

] Squaw  sand. 

[ Berea  Grit. 

f Gantz  sand. 

| Fifty-foot  sand. 

| Thirty-foot  sand. 

| Stray  sand. 

- Gordon  sand. 

Fourth  sand. 

McDonald  or  Fifth  sand. 

| Bayard  or  Sixth  sand. 

[ Elizabeth  or  Seventh  sand. 

[ Warren  First  or  Second  Tiona,  Speechley 
| Chemung  and  Port-  ^ sand.  No  well  defined  oil  or  gas  hori- 
[ a&e  Beds  [ zons  yet  discovered  in  West  Virginia. 

Oil  and  gas  in  paying  quantities  have  been  found  in  the 
Doddridge-Harrison  area  in  the  Moundsville  (Saltsburg) 
sand  just  below  the  middle  of  the  Conemaugh  series,  down 
through  the  rock  column  to  and  including  the  Bayard  or 
Sixth  sand  near  the  base  of  the  Catskill  measures.  Although 
the  Chemung  and  Portage  rocks  have  been  penetrated  by 
two  or  three  deeps  wells  within  the  boundaries  of  the  two 
counties,  yet  no  producing  horizons  were  encountered  by  the 


Pocono  Sandstones 


Catskill  Red  Beds 


si 

O)  I 

G I 


Conemaugh  Series 


Allegheny  Series 


•£  Poltsville  Series 

cj 


272 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


drill.  The  following  sands  have  produced  either  oil  or  gas 
in  the  area  under  discussion : Moundsville,  First  Cow  Run, 
Big  Dunkard,  Second  Cow  Run,  Salt,  Maxton,  Big  Lime, 
Keener,  Big  Injun,  Berea,  Gantz,  Fifty-foot,  Thirty-foot, 
Gordon  Stray,  Gordon,  Fourth,  Fifth  or  McDonald  and  Bay- 
ard or  Sixth. 

In  this  portion  of  the  .State  the  sands  are  generally  re- 
ferred to  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed  as  the  key  rock  to  deter- 
mine their  identity.  This  coal  is  absent  from  the  measures 
in  the  western  part  of  Doddridge  county,  but  the  following 
table  gives  a general  idea  of  the  sequence  or  order  of  the 
beds  and  approximate  distance  from  the  Pittsburgh  coal 
horizon  down  to  the  top  of  the  producing  sands  in  both 
counties : 


Approximate  Distance  from  Pittsburgh  Coal  to  Top  of  Oil 
and  Gas  Sands  in  Doddridge-Harrison  Area. 


■ 

Sand. 

1 

Dis- 

tance 

Feet 

Sand. 

Dis. 

tance 

Feet 

Moundsville  (Saltsburg) . . . 

360 

Big  Injun 

1450 

First  Cow  Run  (Little 

Berea  Grit 

1850 

Dunkard)  

420 

Gantz  

1930 

Big  Dunkard  (Mahoning.) . . 

475 

Fifty-foot  

1980 

Second  Cow  Run  (Home- 

Thirty-foot  

2030 

wood)  

800 

Gordon  Stray 

207a 

Salt  (Connoquenessing) 

900 

Gordon  

1 210a 

Maxton  

1200 

1300 

Fourth  

! 216a 

Big  Lime  (Greenbrier) 

Fifth  or  McDonald 

'2325 

Keener  

1400 

Sixth  or  Bayard 

2450 

Owing  to  the  rapid  thickening  up  of  the  Pottsville  and 
Mauch  Chunk  measures  to  the  south  and  east,  the  above  in- 
tervals for  the  sands  below  the  Second  Cow  Run  are  only 
approximate.  For  instance,  the  interval  from  the  top  of  the 
Pittsburgh  coal  to  the  top  of  the  Big  Injun  sand  in  the  A.  Jk 
Ashcraft  No.  1 well  (6),  located  on  the  head  of  -Sycamore 
fork  in  the  northeastern  Doddridge,  is  1276  feet  as  opposed  to 
1600  feet  for  the  same  interval  at  the  A.  H.  Davisson  No.  1 
well  (737),  located  one  mile  northwest  from  Romines  Mills, 
in  southeastern  Harrison  county.  Hence,  it  is  readily  ob- 
served that  no  specific  figures  can  be  given  for  intervals  to- 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


273 


these  sands  below  any  key  rock  that  will  hold  good  over  the 
entire  area  of  both  counties. 


DESCRIPTION  OF  SANDS. 

The  Moundsville  Sand. 

In  the  vicinity  of  Moundsville,  Marshall  county,  there 
occurs  an  oil  pool  in  a sand  300  to  325  feet  below  the  Pitts- 
burgh coal.  This  sand  was  formerly  thought  to  represent 
the  First  Cow  Run  sand  of  Washington  county,  Ohio,  but 
the  writer  shows  on  pages  281-285  of  the  Wirt-Roane-Cal- 
houn  Report  of  the  State  Survey  that  the  latter  sand  corre- 
lates with  the  Buffalo  sandstone  of  the  Conemaugh  series, 
and  not  the  Saltsburg;  hence,  the  name  Moundsville  sand 
has  been  applied  to  the  oil  producing  horizon  at  the  place 
first  mentioned. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  this  stratum  has  pro- 
duced oil  at  only  one  point;  viz.,  in  the  Malissa  Kelley  No. 
1 well  (328),  located  on  a branch  of  Elk  creek  in  Sardis  dis- 
trict, Harrison  county,  2.4  miles  northeast  Irom  Wallace. 
The  well  had  an  initial  production  of  7 to  8 barrels  5 feet  in 
a sand  the  top  of  which  comes  352  feet  below  the  top  of  the 
Pittsburgh  coal  bed,  according  to  the  log  furnished  by  the 
owners,  the  South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Here  the  sand  was 
reported  38  feet  thick. 

The  First  Cow  Run  (Little  Dunkard)  Sand. 

At  420  to  425  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal,  and  110  to 
125  feet  below  the  Ames  limestones  there  occurs  a gas  and 
oil  producing  stratum  that  has  been  designated  by  the  well 
drillers  the  First  Cow  Run  sand  from  a stream  of  that  name 
in  Washington  county,  Ohio,  where  it  has  produced  much 
oil.  On  pages  281-285  of  the  Wirt-Roane-Calhoun  report, 
the  writer  shows  that  this  sand  correlates  with  the  Buffalo 
and  not  the  Saltsburg  of  the  Conemaugh  series,  and  that  the 
Little  Dunkard  sand  of  eastern  Greene  county,  Pa.,  comes 


274 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


at  the  same  horizon.  The  first  name  holds,  however,  by 
right  of  priority. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  a show  of  oil  was  en- 
countered at  this  horizon  in  only  one  locality.  This  was  in 
the  B.  F.  Rogers  No.  2 well  (352),  situated  in  the  north' 
western  edge  of  Sardis  district,  1.4  miles  westward  from 
Rinehart.  Here  the  top  of  the  sand  comes  439  feet  below 
the  Pittsburg  coal.  The  sand  is  70  feet  thick.  The  oil  pay 
occurred  10  feet  in  the  sand. 

The  Big  Dunkard  Sand. 

At  475  to  500  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal  there  occurs 
what  is  known  as  the  Big  Dunkard  sand  of  the  drillers,  so 
named  from  Dunkard  creek  in  eastern  Greene  county,  Penna., 
where  it  produced  much  oil  in  the  early  days  of  the  petro- 
leum industry.  It  correlates  with  the  Mahoning  sandstone 
of  the  Conemaugh  series. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  this  sand  has  produced 
oil  at  two  localities.  One  is  at  the  Lewis  Maxwell  No.  2 
well  (173),  of  the  Acme  Carbon  Company,  located  in  West 
Union  district,  Doddridge  county,  on  Left  fork  of  Arnolds 
creek  4y2  miles  southward  from  West  Union.  Here  a four 
barrel  oil  well  was  struck  6 feet  in  a sand,  the  top  of  which 
comes  512  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed.  The  other 
is  at  the  I.  L.  Marsh  No.  1 well  (373),  located  at  the  north- 
west edge  of  Brown,  Harrison  county,  where  an  8 to  10  bar- 
rel daily  well  was  encountered  15  feet  below  the  top  of  the 
Big  Dunkard  sand,  the  latter  coming  512  feet  below  the  Pitts- 
burgh coal.  The  oil  was  never  pumped,  but  much  of  it  was 
utilized  by  farmers  of  that  region. 

The  Second  Cow  Run  Sand. 

At  800  to  850  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal,  and  525  to 
550  feet  below  the  Ames  limestones  there  occurs  the  Sec- 
ond Cow  Run  sand  of  the  drillers  that  has  been  so  desig- 
nated from  a stream  of  that  name  in  Washington  county, 
Ohio,  along  which  it  produced  a large  amount  of  oil,  50 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


275 


years  ago.  On  pages  287-290  of  the  Wirt-Roane-Calhoun 
Report  of  the  State  Survey,  the  writer  demonstrates  con- 
clusively that  this  sand  correlates  with  the  Homewood  sand- 
stone at  the  top  of  the  Pottsville  series. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  small  gas  flows  in  this 
sand  have  been  encountered  in  at  least  two  wells.  The  first 
of  these  is  the  C.  G.  Davis  No.  1 well  (116),  located  in  Grant 
district,  Doddridge  county,  one  mile  south  80°  east  from 
Doak.  Here  a small  flow  of  gas  was  struck  in  a sand,  the 
top  of  which  comes  810  feet  below  the  top  of  the  Pittsburgh 
coal  bed.  The  other  well  is  known  as  the  Acena  Copen- 
haver  No.  1 boring  (540),  located  in  the  western  point  of 
Eagle  district,  one  mile  southwest  of  Margaret.  Here  the 
gas  pay  was  struck  at  a depth  of  845  feet  below  the  Pitts- 
burgh coal,  and  100  feet  in  the  sand. 

The  Salt  Sand. 

The  Salt  sand  of  the  drillers  occurs  900  to  1050  feet  be- 
low the  Pittsburgh  coal.  It  is  often  separated  into  three 
ledges,  and  is  then  called  the  First,  Second  and  Third  Salt 
sand.  It  constitutes  the  main  portion  of  the  Pottsville 
series,  and  in  West  Virginia  has  produced  a large  amount 
of  both  oil  and  gas. 

In  Doddridge  county  this  sand  produced  a small  flow 
of  gas  in  Grant  district  at  Sherwood  in  the  Tate  Bros.  (120), 
Orrowhood  (121),  and  Stutler  (128)  wells.  This  sand  is  gas 
bearing  in  West  Union  district  on  Left  fork  of  Arnolds 
creek,  4 miles  southward  from  West  Union  in  the  Lewis 
Maxwell  wells  (173  and  174)  of  the  Acme  Carbon  Company. 

In  Harrison  county  the  Salt  sand  does  not  appear  to  be 
productive  of  either  oil  or  gas. 

The  Maxton  Sand. 

The  Maxton  sand  of  Tyler  county  belongs  in  the  Mauch 
Chunk  series,  a short  distance  above  the  Greenbrier  lime- 
stone or  “Big  Lime”  of  the  drillers.  This  stratum  has  pro- 
duced oil  in  several  counties  of  the  State,  but  the  most  pro- 
ductive field  at  this  horizon  is  found  near  Burton  in  the 
northeast  corner  of  Wetzel  county. 


m 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


In  Doddridge  county  this  sand  has  produced  oil  in  the 
western  portion  of  Grant  district  and  gas  in  the  southern  por- 
tion of  the  same  district  in  wells  Nos.  107  and  119.  In 
Center  district  wells  Nos.  198  and  220  produced  gas  from  this 
stratum,  and  No.  204  mad®  some  oil  from  the  same  horizon. 
In  Southwest  district  it  is  this  sand  and  not  the  Big  In- 
jun as  published  in  Vol.  I,  pages  321-322  of  the  State  Survey 
reports,  in  which  the  small  flow  (less  than  one  barrel  daily) 
of  oil  was  struck  in  a sand,  the  top  of  which  comes  only 
1170  feet  below  the  horizon  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal.  In  this 
region  the  top  of  the  Big  Injun  sand  comes  1350  to  1376  feet 
below  the  Pittsburg  coal  as  exhibited  by  other  wells  in  the 
vicinity  in  the  table  of  wells  given  on  a subsequent  page  for 
Doddridge  county. 

In  Harrison  county  the  S.  S.  Cross  No.  1 well  (461)  on 
the  east  bank  of  Raccoon  run,  1.3  miles  south  of  Bristol,  pro- 
duces its  oil  from  the  Maxton  sand,  having  an  initial  pro- 
duction of  10-12  barrels  daily.  Near  Olive  it  is  an  important 
gas  horizon.  A show  of  gas  in  the  Maxton  was  struck  in 
the  Copeland  Heirs  No.  1 well  (453),  located  one  mile  south- 
west of  Wolf  Summit.  In  the  western  portion  of  Grant 
district,  a flow  of  gas  was  encountered  in  this  stratum  in 
the  Mary  J.  Burnside  No.  1 well  (728),  located  one  mile 
southward  from  Goodhope. 

The  Big  Lime. 

The  Greenbrier  limestone  or  “Big  Lime”  of  the  drillers 
has  produced  both  oil  and  gas  in  Doddridge  county.  In 
West  Union  district  a light  flow  of  gas  was  struck  near  the 
top  of  this  stratum  in  the  J.  Wesley  Smith  No.  1 well  (178), 
located  1^4  miles  northeast  of  Nay.  A two  barrel  oil  well 
was  struck  in  the  top  of  the  same  formation  in  the  Ed  Smith 
No.  1934  well  (181),  located  3^4  miles  south  of  Central  Sta- 
tion. In  Central  district  a light  gas  flow  was  encountered  in 
the  Big  Lime  in  the  W.  A.  Duckworth  No.  1 well  (188),  lo- 
cated 1 mile  southwest  of  Central  Station,  and  in  the  Jack 
Cunningham  No.  1 well  (205),  located  two  miles  north  of 
Nay. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


277 


The  Big  Injun  Sand. 

The  Big  Injun  sand  comes  immediately  under  the  Green- 
brier limestone  or  “Big  Lime”  and  for  that  reason  is  the 
easiest  stratum  to  be  identified  by  the  well  drillers  in  West 
Virginia.  In  the  northern  portion  of  the  State  this  sand  at- 
tains a thickness  of  300  feet.  Frequently  the  uppermost  30 
to  40  feet  is  separated  from  the  main  bed  by  5 to  15  feet  of 
dark  slate  as  in  the  southwest  end  of  the  Sistersville  oil  field 
of  Tyler  county,  where  this  top  portion  was  designated  by 
the  drillers  the  “Keener  sand”  from  a farm  of  that  name  on 
which  the  first  oil  well  at  this  horizon  was  obtained.  Some- 
times the  bottom  portion  of  the  Big  Injun  is  separated  from 
the  main  bed  by  a band  of  slate  15  to  25  feet  thick,  and  this 
basal  portion  is  then  called  the  “Squaw  sand.” 

The  depth  and  thickness  of  the  Big  Injun  sand  is  ex- 
hibited in  the  table  of  wells  for  each  county,  given  on  sub- 
sequent pages  of  this  report.  The  same  tables  show  that 
this  horizon  is  one  of  the  most  important  oil  and  gas  pro- 
ducers in  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area. 

The  Berea  Grit. 

The  Berea  Grit  formation,  coming  475  to  525  feet  below 
the  top  of  the  Big  Lime,  appears  to  be  the  basal  member  of 
the  Pocono  sandstone  group,  and  has  been  so  classified  by 
the  writer  in  the  general  sections  of  the  rocks  as  given  in 
Chapter  IV.  It  is  the  great  gas  horizon  west  of  Spencer, 
Roane  county,  and  oil  horizon  on  Lee  run,  same  county,  and 
on  Rowles  run  and  Yellow  creek,  Calhoun  county.  The 
“Fink  pool”  of  Lewis  county,  in  the  writer’s  judgment,  be- 
longs in  the  Berea  and  not  in  the  Gantz  sand,  coming  as  it 
does  450  to  500  feet  below  the  top  of  the  Big  Lime.  The 
latter  pool  overlaps  to  the  northwest  in  Doddridge  county, 
as  exhibited  by  wells  248  and  249  southwest  of  St.  Clara  and 
278  south  of  Coldwater.  In  southwest  district  a show  of  gas 
was  struck  in  the  Berea  in  the  David  W.  Gray  No.  2 well, 
one-half  mile  southeast  from  Oxford. 

In  Harrison  county  a light  flow  of  gas  was  struck  in 


278 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL.  GAS. 


this  sand  in  the  Jas.  Coffman  No.  1 well,  located  2 miles 
northwest  of  Peora  in  Eagle  district.  In  the  vicinity  of 
Lost  Creek  station,  Grant  district,  the  Berea  and  not  the 
Gantz  as  given  by  the  drillers  is  a very  prolific  gas  horizon. 

The  Gantz  Sand. 

The  Gantz  sand  is  the  next  oil  and  gas  horizon  below 
the  Berea  Grit.  In  the  area  under  discussion  this  sand  comes 
1900  to  1950  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal.  It  was  so 
named  from  a well  on  the  Gantz1  farm  at  Washington,  Penna., 
that  was  drilled  in  the  year  1885.  At  this  well  the  sand 
comes  1827  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal.  In  northeastern 
Wetzel  county  the  log  of  the  Sarah  Anderson2  No.  1 well, 
located  one  mile  northeast  of  Burton,  shows  the  same  sand 
coming  1951  feet  below  the  top  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal,  160 
feet  below  the  Berea  sand  and  34  feet  below  15  feet  of  red 
shale.  The  latter  is  evidence  that  the  Gantz  belongs  in  the 
Catskill  reds.  It  is  the  top  portion  of  the  Hundred-foot 
sand  of  Butler  county,  Penna. 

No  producing  wells  were  observed  at  this  horizon  in  Dod- 
dridge county.  In  Harrison,  however,  this  sand  has  pro- 
duced gas  in  Union,  Clark  and  Grant  districts.  The  table  of 
wells  for  the  latter  county  exhibits  the  points  where  this 
sand  is  productive. 


The  Fifty-foot  Sand. 

The  Fifty-foot  sand  closely  underlies  the  Gantz,  the  two 
often  combining  into  a great  sand  mass  100  or  more  feet  in 
thickness,  known  as  “Hundred-foot”  of  Butler,  Armstrong, 
and  Beaver  counties,  Penna.  Its  interval  below  the  Pitts- 
burgh coal  in  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  varies  from  1950 
to  2000  feet.  The  sand  does  not  appear  to  be  oil  and  gas 
bearing  in  Doddridge  county. 

In  Harrison,  however,  this  sand  has  been  a prolific  gas 
horizon  in  Sardis,  Ten  Mile,  'Union.  Eagle,  Clay,  Coal,  and 

1.  Bull.  No.  304,  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey. 

2.  Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler  Report,  p.  110,  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey;  1909. 


PLATE  VIII.— Effect  of  Shot  on  a Fifty-foot  sand  Oil  Well  in  Shinns- 
ton  pool — Hartley  Heirs  No.  1 well. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  279 

Simpson  districts.  In  Clay  district  the  great  Shinnston  oil 
pool  occurs  in  this  sand.  In  fact,  the  E.  E.  Swiger  No.  2316 
well  (618),  located  mile  northwest  of  Adamsville,  had  the 
largest  initial  production — 150  barrels  an  hour — of  any  well 
ever  drilled  in  the  State.  In  Simpson  district,  a small  show- 
ing of  oil  was  struck  in  this  sand  in  the  M.  R.  Lodge  No.  1 
well  (683),  located  on  Barnett  run,  2 miles  northward  from 
Bridgeport. 

The  Thirty-foot  Sand. 

The  Thirty-foot  sand  is  the  next  oil  and  gas  horizon  be- 
below  the  last  above  described.  It  ranges  from  2000  to  2050 
feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal  in  the  area  under  discussion. 

In  Doddridge  county  this  sand  does  not  appear  very  pro- 
ductive of  either  oil  or  gas.  In  Harrison,  however,  it  has 
produced  both  in  considerable  amounts.  In  the  northeastern 
corner  of  Eagle  district,  it  is  in  this  sand  that  oil  production 
is  found  in  the  Serena  Wyer  No.  1 well  (535)  near  Margaret, 
others  to  the  east  and  northeast  on  the  Morris,  and  Moore 
farms.  In  the  Wyer  well  (535),  this  sand  comes  1988  feet 
below  the  Pittsburgh  coal,  36  feet  below  the  Fifty-foot,  and 
69  feet  above  the  Gordon  Stray  sand.  This  is  the  only  por- 
tion of  the  area  that  the  Thirty-foot  has  proved  oil  bearing, 
although  producing  more  or  less  gas  in  almost  every  dis- 
trict in  Harrison  county. 

The  Gordon  Stray  Sand. 

The  Gordon  Stray  sand  comes  a short  distance  below  the 
red  shale  separating  it  from  the  Thirty-foot  above  and  5 to 
40  feet  above  the  Gordon  sand.  In  the  Doddridge-Harrison 
area  this  sand  comes  2040  to  2090  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh 
coal. 

In  northern  Doddridge  it  is  a great  gas  horizon,  and  it 
has  produced  some  oil  along  the  eastern  border  of  McClellan 
district.  One  of  the  largest  gas  wells  ever  drilled  in  the  State 
struck  its  flow  of  gas  in  this  sand.  This  is  the  Camden  Heirs 
No.  1 well  (28),  located  in  the  southern  point  of  McClellan  dis- 
trict, one-half  mile  southwest  of  Cascara.  There  it  comes 


280 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


2054  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal  and  627  feet  below  the 
Big  Injun  sand. 

In  Harrison  county  this  sand  has  been  a great  oil  and  gas 
producer  in  the  western  portions  of  Sardis  and  Ten  Mile 
districts.  It  is  also  a prominent  gas  horizon  in  Union  and 
Clay.  As  with  all  the  Gordon  group  of  sands,  its  correlation 
in  this  portion  of  the  State  is  quite  difficult,  mainly  on  ac- 
count of  a lack  of  accurate,  detailed  records  of  wells  from 
the  Wetzel  and  Marion  county  lines  southward  across  the 
area  under  discussion. 

The  Gordon  Sand. 

The  Gordon  sand  is  next  in  descending  order  below  the 
Gordon  Stray,  underlying  the  latter  5 to  40  feet  and  ranging 
in  thickness  in  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  from  1 to  60 
feet.  Its  interval  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal  in  these  two 
counties  varies  from  2075  to  2125  feet.  The  following  table 
exhibits  its  maximum  and  minimum  intervals  below  the  top 
of  the  latter  coal,  and  the  top  of  the  Big  Injun  sand  by  dis- 
tricts in  each  county  as  shown  in  the  table  of  wells  on  subse- 
quent pages  of  this  report. 


Table  Showing  Intervals  in  Feet  of  Gordon  Sand  Below  Tops 
of  Pittsburgh  Coal  and  Big  Injun  Sand. 


Map 


County 


District 


Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union , 


14|Doddridge. . . . McClellan 
47jDoddridge. . . . McClellan 
41  Doddridge. . . IMcCleUan 

69;Doddridge McClellan 

106;Doddridge. ...  Grant  ... 

llljDoddridge Grant  ... 

137jDoddridge Grant  ... 

107  Doddridge. ...  Grant  ... 

155[Doddridge West 

181|Doddridge jWest 

155  Doddridge West 

176  Doddridge West 

198!Doddridge Central  .. 

186|Doddridge Central  .. 

225  Doddridge Southwest 

229  Doddridge Southwest 

243  Doddridge |Cove  .... 

241  Doddridge. . . . Cove 

275  Doddridge New 

277  Doddridge New 

255iDoddridge. . . . New 

277  Doddridge New 

299  Doddridge 1 Greenbrier 

31 5 Doddridge I Greenbrier 

296|Doddridge Greenbrier 

316[Doddridge Greenbrier 

378|Harrison [Sardis  ... 

339 1 Harrison j Sardis  . . . 

323|Harrison [Sardis  ... 

393iHarrison Sardis  ... 


Milton. 

Milton. 

Milton, 

Milton. 


465|Harrison. 
424jHarrison. 
400'Harrison. 

453 1 Harrison. 
510[Harrison. 

515  Harrison. 
478[Harrison. 
501Harrison. 

555 'Harrison. 

534  Harrison. 

536  Harrison. 

593  Harrison. 

603;Harrison (Clay 

603|Harrison Clay 

603|Harrison C’ay 

615  j Harrison |Clay 

657[Harrison [Coal 

658|Harrison Coal 

657[Harrison [Coal 

Coal 
Clark 
Clark 


Tenmile 
Tenmile 
Tenmile 
Tenmile 
Union  . 
Union  . 
Union  . 
Union  . 
Eagle  . 
Eagle  . 
Eagle  . 
Eagle  . 


666|Harrison. 

676!Harrison. 

676  Harrison. 

685IHarrison 'Simpson 

682  Harrison Simpson 

725|Harrison Grant  . 

718[Harrison Grant  . 


720 

734 

737 


Harrison Grant 

Harrison Elk  . 

Harrison Elk 


Pittsburg  Coal 


Mai.  Min.  Ave. 


j2124| , 


[2015|2064 


Big  Iujuu  Sand 


2123 j |.  . 

|2054|2088 


2143| | 

|1965|2054 


2139 


2126 


2170 


2144 


2110 


2190 


2206 


2222 


Mai.  Min.  ' Ave. 


82o{ j 

. . .[  703|  761 

....j. ........ 

774 j | . 
j 699|  736 

733i::::|:::: 

. . .j  619j  676 
746| ....  j ... . 

, ...I  709!  727 


738 1 1 

I ....  jj ....  J 602 1 670 


2118|2128 


2061 


2055 


2032 


2057 


2080 


2206 


2093 


2112 


2138 


2083 


2135 


2206 


2044|2133 


2302|2302|2302 


7301 


587 j 608 


770| , 


750 


965 


837 


733 


871 


786 


808 

762 

702 


583 1 676 


585|  661 


693 j 829 

.. .[.... 


637 [ 737 


523 j 628 


675  j 773 


604 1 695 


650 1 729 
630|  696 

• • -I 

595|  648 


I 751 
|....|  635!  693 
| 740] | . 
| 712|  726 


282 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


In  Doddridge  county  this  sand  is  very  prolific  in  both  oil 
and  gas.  It  has  produced  a large  amount  of  oil  along  the 
eastern  border  of  McClellan  and  Greenbrier  districts ; the 
northwest  border  of  McClellan  and  Grant ; and  along  the 
New  Milton-Southwest  district  line  in  what  it  known  as  the 
“Stout  Field.”  In  the  northern  portion  of  the  county  it  is 
a fine  gas  horizon  along  the  crest  of  the  Arches  Fork  anti- 
cline. In  the  southwest  portion  of  the  latter  area  this  sand 
with  others  of  the  Gordon  group  appears  to  thin  away  en- 
tirely. 

In  Harrison  county  the  Gordon  is  a great  oil  horizon  in 
the  western  portions  of  Sardis,  Ten  Mile,  and  Union  districts. 
It  is  also  a fair  gas  sand  in  Union,  Eagle,  Coal,  and  Grant 
districts. 

The  table  of  wells  for  each  county,  given  on  subsequent 
pages  of  this  report,  exhibits  its  depth  and  thickness  in  the 
area  under  discussion. 

The  Fourth  Sand. 

The  next  oil  and  gas  horizon  below  the  Gordon  is  the 
Fourth  sand.  It  is  frequently  identified  as  the  Gordon  and 
is  generally  reported  by  the  drillers  in  the  Doddridge-Har- 
rison  area  from  2125  to  2225  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal. 

In  Doddridge  county  it  has  produced  some  gas  in  the 
northern  portion  of  McClellan  district.  The  A.  C.  Ballouz 
No.  1 well  (14),  located  2j4  miles  east  of  Centerpoint,  reports 
this  sand  at  a depth  of  2143  feet  below  the  top  of  the  Pitts- 
burgh coal,  and  8 feet  below  the  Gordon  sand.  Here  the 
sand  is  10  feet  thick,  the  gas  pay  occurring  4 feet  in  the 
sand. 

In  Harrison  county  the  Robinson  run  oil  pool,  located 
one  mile  west  of  Shinnston,  occurs  in  the  Fourth  sand. 
There  the  V.  B.  Ogden  No.  2 well  shows  this  sand  at  a 
depth  of  2190  feet,  2205  feet  below  the  crop  of  the  Pittsburgh 
coal  and  785  feet  below  the  top  of  the  Big  Injun  sand.  It  is 
also  a gas  horizon  in  Sardis,  Union,  Eagle,  Coal,  Grant,  and 
Clay  districts. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


283 


The  Fifth  Sand. 

The  next  oil  and  gas  horizon  below  the  Fourth  sand  is 
what  is  known  to  the  drillers  as  the  Fifth  or  McDonald  sand. 
It  received  the  latter  name  from  the  McDonald  oil  field  of 
Washington,  county,  Penna.  It  is  a great  gas  horizon  in 
Greene  county  of  the  latter  State.  In  the  Doddridge-Har- 
rison  area  this  sand  comes  2250  to  2400  feet  below  the  Pitts- 
burgh coal. 

In  Doddridge  county  this  sand  has  produced  some  gas 
in  McClellan  and  Grant  districts.  The  only  place  where  it 
has  produced  oil  is  in  the  extreme  eastern  point  of  Greenbrier 
district,  northeast  from  Big  Isaac. 

In  Harrison  county  this  sand  is  a great  oil  and  gas 
horizon.  The  Wolf  Summit  oil  field,  extending  along  the 
eastern  border  of  Ten  Mile  district,  and  the  western  border 
of  Union,  gets  the  major  portion  of  its  production  from  the 
Fifth  sand.  Eastward  along  the  crest  of  the  Wolf  Summit 
anticline  it  is  a fine  gas  horizon.  Likewise  in  Clay,  Coal, 
Clark,  Simpson,  Grant,  and  Elk  districts. 

The  Bayard,  or  Sixth  Sand. 

The  next  sand  below  the  Fifth  is  what  is  known  to  the 
drillers  as  the  Bayard,  or  Sixth  sand.  It  received  the  first 
appellation  from  a well  on  the  Thomas  Bayard  farm,  located 
4 miles  southeast  from  Waynesburg,  Greene  county,  Penna., 
where  it  is  reported  10  feet  thick,  coming  2417  feet  below 
the  Pittsburg  coal,  and  70  feet  below  the  Fifth  sand.  In 
the  area  under  discussion  it  comes  2425  to  2475  feet  below 
the  Pittsburgh  coal,  and  about  100  feet  below  the  Fifth  sand. 

In  Doddridge  county  a show  of  oil  was  encountered  in 
the  Tate  Bros.  No.  1 well  (120),  located  1.5  miles  northwest 
from  Long  Run,  in  a sand  10  feet  thick,  coming  2321  feet,  be- 
low the  top  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal,  that  appears  to  correlate 
with  the  Bayard.  The  interval  seems  a little  short,  however, 
so  that  it  may  represent  the  Fifth  sand. 

In  Harrison  county,  a show  of  gas  was  encountered  in 
Jas.  Coffman  No.  1 well  (564),  located  in  Eagle  district,  2 


284 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


miles  north  85°  west  of  Peora,  in  a sand  7 feet  thick,  coming 
2388  feet  below  the  top  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal,  that  appears 
to  correlate  with  the  Bayard.  Although  the  well  was  drilled 
over  300  feet  deeper,  no  more  sand  was  struck.  A show  of 
gas  is  also  reported  in  the  Bayard  sand  in  the  Alice  Corpen- 
ing  No.  1 well  (612),  located  in  Clay  district,  1.7  miles  south 
75°  east  of  Enterprise.  A show  of  oil  was  struck  in  the  Silas 
Ogden  No.  1 well  (648),  located  0.9  mile  south  80°  east  of 
Gypsy,  in  the  Bayard  sand,  44  feet  thick,  coming  2429  feet 
below  the  top  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal. 

Southward  on  Jack  run,  three-fourths  mile  northeast 
from  Glen  Falfe,  we  find  a small  oil  pool  in  the  Bayard  sand 
as  represented  by  the  R.  W.  Coon  (665)  and  N.  M.  Talbott 
(666)  wells.  Here  it  comes  2475  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh 
coal,  970  feet  below  the  top  of  the  Big  Injun  sand,  and  60 
feet  below  the  base  of  the  Fifth  sand. 

In  Simpson  district  a show  of  oil  and  gas  was  encoun- 
tered in  the  Bayard  sand  in  the  wells  Nos.  688  and  689  near 
Bridgeport. 

In  Grant  district  a little  gas  and  an  oil  show  was  struck 
in  the  Enoch  Gaston  No.  1 well  (722),  located  2.7  miles  west 
of  Lost  Creek  station,  in  the  Bayard  sand,  10  feet  thick,  com- 
ing 2430  feet  below  the  top  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal,  and  30 
feet  below  the  Fifth  sand. 

The  Speechley  Sand. 

The  Speechley  sand  has  been  placed  by  F.  H.  OHphant2a 
at  3100  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal.  Whether  or  not  this 
horizon  will  ever  produce  oil  and  gas  in  paying  quantities 
in  West  Virginia,  has  not  yet  been  demonstrated.  On  page 
358  of  the  Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler  report,  the  writer  mentions 
the  possibilities  of  the  existence  of  an  oil  pool  at  this  horizon 
in  western  Marshall  county. 

During  1910  the  American  Hydroscope  Company  of  New 
York  drilled  a well  on  the  T.  E.  Dye  farm  at  Pike,  2.5  miles 
northwest  of  Ellenboro,  to  a depth  of  4450  feet,  approximately 


2a.  Vol.  I (a),  page  85,  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey;  1904. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


285 


4030  feet  below  the  horizon  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal.  A flow 
of  oil  is  reported  in  the  bottom  of  the  Speechley  sand  at  a 
depth  of  3125  feet,  or  approximately  2700  feet  below  the 
Pittsburgh  coal  horizon. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  at  least  three  wells 
(688A,  732C  and  737)  have  penetrated  the  Speechley  sand 
horizon.  The  detailed  record  of  one  of  these  wells  (698A)  is 
published  in  connection  with  the  Grassland  section,  page  120. 
In  it  a little  gas  is  reported  at  a depth  of  3125  feet  below 
the  Pittsburgh  coal,  which  comes  probably  at  the  horizon  of 
the  Speechley  sand,  since  the  interval  agrees  closely  with  that 
given  by  Oliphant  above.  The  westward  thinning  of  the 
Mauch  Chunk  and  Pottsville  measures  accounts  in  large  de- 
gree for  the  decreased  interval  in  the  Dye  well  in  Ritchie 
county. 


OIL  AND  GAS  DEVELOPMENT  IN  THE  DOD- 
DRIDGE-HARRISON AREA. 

Early  History. 

Doddridge  County. — According  to  I.  C.  White3  the  his- 
tory of  the  oil  and  gas  development  of  Doddridge  county 
began  with  the  opening  up  of  the  Centerpoint  oil  pool  early 
in  1892  by  the  South  Penn  Oil  Company  in  its  Sullivan  Heirs 
No.  1 well  (71),  located  on  the  north  bank  of  McElroy  creek, 
three-fourths  mile  northwest  from  Centerpoint.  The  oil  pay 
was  encountered  in  the  Big  Injun  sand.  About  this  time  the 
Company  drilled  the  Chas.  Slusser  No.  1 well  (305),  located 
0.8  mile  westward  from  Big  Isaac.  The  gas  pay  was  struck 
in  the  Big  Injun  sand. 

The  next  large  oil  pool  to  be  opened  in  this  county  was 
the  Hardman  pool,  located  in  the  extreme  northwest  portion 
of  McClellan  district  along  the  Doddridge-Tyler  county  line. 
According  to  I.  C.  White4,  Murphy  and  Jennings  drilled  the 
first  well  in  this  pool  on  the  Hardman  farm  in  1895,  getting 

3.  Vo!.  I,  page  327-328,  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey;  1899. 

4.  Vol.  I,  page  334,  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey;  1899. 


286 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


a 500  barrel  well  in  the  Big  Injun  sand.  Later,  other  wells 
in  this  field  were  drilled  on  down  to  the  Gordon  sand  and 
another  oil  pool  obtained  at  that  horizon. 

In  1898  the  Sedalia  gas  pool  was  opened  in  the  Gordon 
Stray  sand  by  the  Carter  Oil  Company  in  their  Camden 
Heirs  No.  1 well  (28),  located  on  Robinson  fork,  2.8  miles 
south  10°  west  from  Sedalia.  The  same  company  opened 
the  Stout  oil  pool  in  the  Cordon  sand,  February  1,  1899,  ac- 
cording to  Dr.  White  in  the  same  report  referred  to  above, 
in  its  S.  W.  Stout  No.  1 well  (227),  located  on  South  fork 
of  Hughes  river,  0.6  mile  southeast  from  Kelly.  This  well 
had  a daily  production  of  50  barrels  one  month  after  being- 
drilled  in. 

Later  important  fields  to  be  opened  in  this  county  were 
the  Robinson  Fork  oil  pool  in  the  Gordon  sand  in  the  eastern 
part  of  McClellan  district;  the  Harris  oil  pool  in  the  Big  In- 
jun sand  located  in  the  western  part  of  Central  district;  the 
Smith  oil  pool  in  the  Big  Injun  sand,  located  1.5  miles  north 
of  West  Union;  the  St.  Clara  oil  pool  in  the  Berea  sand,  lo- 
cated in  the  extreme  southern  point  of  Cove  district;  the 
Long  Run  oil  pool  along  the  eastern  border  of  Grant  and 
Greenbrier  districts ; and  the  great  gas  pool  along  the  crest 
of  the  Arches  Fork  anticline.  All  of  these  will  be  discussed 
more  in  detail  on  subsequent  pages  of  this  report. 

Harrison  County. — Drilling  operations,  mainly  for  oil, 
began  in  Harrison  county  in  the  early  80’s  of  the  last  cen- 
tury. Dry  holes  were  drilled  in  Clarksburg  and  near  Quiet 
Dell.  The  first  oil  was  struck  in  the  I.  L.  Marsh  No.  1 well 
(373),  located  in  the  northwest  edge  of  Brown  and  drilled 
by  I.  C.  White  and  T.  M.  Jackson  in  1890,  the  log  of  which 
is  used  in  connection  with  the  section  for  Brown,  page  90. 
In  this  well  a flow  of  black  oil  was  encountered  in  the  Big 
Dunkard  sand  at  a depth  of  522  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh 
coal.  The  well  was  never  pumped,  but  a considerable 
amount  of  oil  was  carried  away  by  farmers  for  domestic  pur- 
poses. 

Later  fields  to  be  opened  were  the  Jarvisville  oil  pool  in 
the  Fifth  sand  in  the  western  edge  of  Union  district;  the  ex- 
tension of  the  Folsom  oil  pool  of  Wetzel  county  in  the  Gor- 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


287 


don  sand  southeastward  into  the  northwest  portion  of  Sardis 
district ; the  Salem  oil  pool  in  the  same  sand  along  the  west- 
ern border  of  Ten  Mile  district;  the  great  gas  pools  along 
the  crests  of  the  Wolf  Summit,  and  Chestnut  Ridge  anti- 
clines; and  the  Shinnston  oil  pool  in  the  Fifty-foot  sand  in 
the  northern  portion  of  Clay  district.  The  latter  pool  was 
opened  by  the  Hope  Natural  Gas  Company  in  December, 
1908,  by  its  R.  R.  Hardesty  No.  1 well  (614),  located  on  the 
Left  fork  of  Mudlick  run,  2 miles  due  east  of  Shinnston. 
These  and  other  minor  fields  will  be  discussed  more  fully  on 
subsequent  pages  of  this  report. 

DODDRIDGE  COUNTY  WELL  RECORDS. 

The  main  source  of  information  as  to  the  thickness  and 
character  of  the  several  formations  of  economic  interest  where 
they  lie  deeply  buried  below  drainage  in  the  Doddridge- 
Harrison  area  has  been  the  logs  or  records  of  the  many  wells 
bored  for  oil  and  gas  therein  by  both  individuals  and  corpora- 
tions. Through  the  courtesy  of  the  latter  the  writer  has 
been  enabled  to  collect  the  records  of  a large  number  of 
wells,  on  nearly  all  of  which  levels  were  taken  in  the  field 
while  gathering  data  for  this  report.  A large  number  of  the 
records  are  incomplete,  in  that  often  only  the  principal  oil 
and  gas  horizons  are  noted.  The  importance  of  keeping  an 
accurate  and  detailed  record  of  the  depth,  thickness,  and  char- 
acter of  all  coals,  red  beds,  limestones,  dark  slates,  and  oil 
and  gas  pays,  as  well  as  the  depth*  at  which  water  is  found, 
cannot  be  overestimated.  This  feature  is  well  set  forth  by 
I.  C.  White  in  the  Preface  to  Vol.  1(A)  of  the  State  Geologi- 
cal Survey  reports. 

The  accompanying  table  contains  the  abbreviated  records 
of  240  wells  in  Doddridge  county,  as  well  as  the  tidal  eleva- 
tions of  several  other  wells,  the  records  of  which  were  not 
obtainable  at  this  time.  The  wells  are  numbered  consecu- 
tively from  1 up  to  317,  and  grouped  largely  by  magisterial 
districts,  the  serial  number  in  each  case  corresponding  to  the 
map  number  of  the  same  well  as  located  on  the  economic 
geology  map  accompanying  this  report.  A similar  table  is 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


288 

found  on  a subsequent  page  for  Harrison  county,  and  in  nearly 
all  cases  where  one  of  these  wells  is  rqentioned  in  the  body 
of  the  text,  the  serial  number  of  the  well  is  added  in  paren- 
thesis. 

Under  the  column  headed  “Owner”  in  the  Doddridge 
county  table  of  well  records,  the  following  abbreviations  are 
used : 


Acme  Carbon Acme  Carbon  Company. 

Bish  & Elder Bish  & Elder  Oil  Company. 

Boliver  Boliver  Oil  & Gas  Company. 

Carnegie  Carnegie  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Carter  Carter  Oil  Company. 

Cast  e Brook Castle  Brook  Carbon  Company. 

Centerpoint  Centerpoint  Gas  Company. 

Eastern  Eastern  Oil  Company. 

Elkhorn  Elkhom  Oil  & Gas  Company. 

Empire  Empire  Oil  Company. 

Federal  Federal  Oil  Company. 

Greenlee  & For Greenlee  & Forest. 

Greenwood  Greenwood  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Hagerstown  Hagerstown  Oil  Company. 

Hope  Hope  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Jennings  Jennings  Oil  Company. 

McCoy  McCoy  Oil  Company. 

Mt.  State  Carbon Mountain  State  Carbon  Company. 

Murphy  & Jen Murphy  & Jennings. 

Murphy  O.  Co Murphy  Oil  Company. 

Penna  Pennsylvania  Oil  & Gas  Company. 

Phila  Philadelphia  Company. 

Preston  O.  & G Preston  Oil  & Gas  Company. 

Salem  G.  Co Salem  Gas  Company. 

Southern  Southern  Oil  Company. 

South  Penn South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Welch  O.  & G Welch  Oil  & Gas  Company. 

West  Union West  Union  Oil  & Gas  Company. 

Wheeling  Wheeling  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Wolf  Summit Wolf  Summit  Oil  & Gas  Company. 


In  the  elevation  column  the  letter  “B”  indicates  that  the 
elevation  of  the  top  of  the  hole  was  obtained  by  aneroid 
checked  with  nearby  U.  S.  G.  Survey  spirit  level  elevations ; 
the  letter  “L,”  by  spirit  level  measurement.  The  elevations 
of  the  top  of  the  hole  are  expressed  in  feet  above  tide.  Depths 
and  thicknesses  of  the  formations  are  given  in  feet. 

Under  the  column  headed  “Producing  Sand,”  the  follow- 
ing abbreviations  are  used : 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  289 

I C.  R First  Cow  Run. 

B.  Dunk Big  Dunkard. 

II  C.  R Second  Cow  Run. 

Max  Maxton. 

B.  Lm Big  Lime. 

Knr  Keener. 

Big  I Big  Injun. 

Berea  Berea  Grit. 

Gnz  Gantz. 

50-ft  Fifty-foot. 

30-ft  Thirty-foot. 

Stray  Gordon  Stray. 

Gord  Gordon. 

4th  Fourth. 

5th  Fifth,  or  McDonald. 

6th  Sixth,  or  Bayard. 


290 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Summarized  Record  of 


Map 

No. 

NAME  OP  WELL 

• 

Location- 

District 

OWNER 

Elevation 
A.  T. 

1 

Smith  & Robinson  No.  1 

McClellan 

Carnegie  

965B 

2 

P F Swigev  No  1 

McClellan 

McCoy  

895B 

3 

TTeal  Fates  No  1941 

McClellan 

Phila  

960B 

4 

.Tosiah  Dftvisson  No.  1 

McClellan 

Carnegie  

880B 

5 

McClellan 

Rand  et  al 

815B 

6 

A .T.  Ash  ora  ft.  No.  1 

McClellan 

Carnegie  

1240B 

7 

A .T  Ashora.fi  core  tost. 

Mr.Clellan  . . . 

Arnett  et  al 

1005B 

8 

(rfto  Ashcraft.  No  1 

McClellan  . . . . 

Hope  

930L 

9 

T.nfhfir  Fj  Ryi<^  No  1 . . 

McGlell^n 

Phila  

960B 

10 

11 

T "FT  Ford's  TTrs  eore  tost  . . . 

McClellan  . 

Arnett  et  al 

959B 

Galeh  Ashora.ff  No  1 

McClellan  . . . 

Hope  

1075B 

12 

W J Booher  No  1 

McClellan  . . . . 

Hope  

885B 

13 

T)  L Swig^r  No  1 

McClellan 

Hope  

930B 

14 

A.  C.  Ballonz  No.  1 

McClellan 

Wheeling  

950B 

15 

F S Swi  ger  No  1 

Hope  

958B 

16 

Solomon  Frum  No.  1 

McClellan 

Wheeling  

885B 

17 

Mary  E.  Ritter  No.  1 

McClellan  . . . . 

Hope  

965B 

18 

F.  S.  Estlack  No  1 

McClellan  . . . . 

Hope  

19 

Elias  Underwood  core  test. . . . 

McClellan 

McClellan 

J.  V.  Thompson 

795B 

20 

Nancy  Smith  No.  1 

Phila  

860B 

21 

J.  Hudson  core  test 

McClellan 

J.  V.  Thompson 

830L 

22 

E.  S.  Boggess  No.  1 

McClellan 

Carter  

1035B 

23 

W.  B Harbut  No.  607  

McClellan 

McClellan 

McClellan 

Hope  

935B 

24 

S.  T Tate  No.  1 

Eastern  

840B 

25 

M.  W.  (Catherine)  Tate  No.  1. .. 
M.  W.  (Catherine)  Tate  core 
test  

Carnegie  

845L 

26 

McClellan 

J V.  Thompson 

845L 

27 

H J.  Shahan  No.  1 

McClellan  .... 

Carter 

945B 

28 

Camden  Heirs  No.  1 

McClellan 

Carter  

975B 

28A 

C.  W.  Davisson  No  1. . 

McClellan 

Phila  

890B 

29 

Dye  & Wise  No  1 

McClellan 

Carnegie  

875B 

30 

Dye  & Wise  No.  2 

McClellan 

Carnegie  

1045B 

31 

Samuel  Stout  No.  1 

McClellan 

V.  I Allen 

930B 

32 

I.  F Hill  No.  1 

McClellan 

Hope  

33 

Lee  Taylor  No.  1 

McClellan 

Hope  

925B 

34 

Geo.  Frum  No.  1 

McClellan 

Carter  

1220B 

35 

Eliza  J Webb  No.  1 

McClellan 

Carter  

940B 

36 

Eliza  J.  Webb  No.  2 

McClellan  .... 

Carter  

1175B 

37 

C Stark  No.  6 

McClellan  .... 

South  Penn 

1200B 

38 

F.  J.  Bart’ett  No.  1 

MeClellan 

South  Penn 

1215B 

39 

E.  E Smith  No.  1 

McClellan 

South  Penn 

940B 

40 

C.  D.  Bartlett  No  1 

McClellan 

South  Penn 

1160B 

41 

Isaac  Davis  No.  1 

i McClellan 

South  Penn 

1000B 

42 

Jamison  Hutson  No.  1 

McClellan 

Elk  Horn 

1375B 

43 

Jamison  Hutson  No.  1 

McClellan 

South  Penn 

965B 

44 

Jos.  Thomas  No.  1 

McClellan  . . . . 

Carter  

885B 

45 

Geo.  Russell  No.  1 

McClellan  

Carter  

940B 

46 

I N.  Riffee  No  1 

McClellan 

Carter  

990B 

47 

1 I N Riffee  No.  2 

j McClellan  . . . . 

Carter  

1030B 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


291 


Weils  in  Doddridge  County. 


PITTSBURGH  COAL 

BIG  INJUN  SAND 

GORDON  SAND 

Total 

Depth 

PRODUCING  JAND 

Depth 

(top| 

! Elevation 
; (top) 

| A.  T. 

Thickness 

Depth 

(top) 

Thicknees 

Depth 

(top) 

Thickness 

620 

j 345 

13 

1957 

75 

||  2682 
| 

74 

||  2794 

Gordon  | 

K | 

1977 

83 

| 2684 

12 

2851 

Gordon 

1822 

130 

| 2602 

17 

2843 

Gordon  . 

■ 1 

j 

400 

962 

278 

2238 

94 

j 2970 
| 

3100 

Stray  and  Gord 

1857 

83 

2606 

24 

2723 

Gord  4th  and 

540 

420 

6 

1886 



68 

2618 
| 

36 

2689 

Gordon  

. 1 

| 

Strav  and  Anrd 

v 

n ti  j auu  VJ  U1  U 

Stray 

1 

Big  Injun 

526 

j 424 

12 

1870 

| 

100 

2650 

11 

3129 

Big  I.  and  4th 

510  1 375 

1818 

108 

2600 

15 

2615 

Gordon  

1 

1950  | 

110 

2724 

26 

2805 

Stray  and  5th 

m i i 

1 

■L. .! 1 ii 

1 

470 

390  I 

II 

1831  | 

99 

2530 

16 

2862 

Fourth  

450 

[ 380  1 

6.8  II 

| 

457.3 



1 1 

1 

| 1820  | 

100 

2600 

2800 

Bisf  Tn inn 

1 

2680 

15 

1 1 1 

| 1845  | 

140 

2590 

1 

2885 

Anr-d  nn 

558 

287 

1, 

io  I 

II 

1860  j 

125 

2667 

13 

2689 

Big  I.,  Stray  and  Gord 

650 

295  | 

10  ||  1950  | 

113 

2730 

20 

2760 

Big  I.  and  Gord 

715 

260  1 

II  2040  1 

102 

Bip-  T and  Strav 

497 

1 393  | 

9 II 

1853  | 

108 

2007 

Bie:  Iniun 

676 

| 369  | 

7 !l  2000  1 

550 

1 380  1 

8 II 

1 

2950 

1 

T-ti  cr  Tn  in  n 

1 

72 

2621 

12 

2703 

Gordon  

964  [ 

256  | 

11  ||  2247  | 

91 

[ 3063 

17 

3295 

Gordon  oil  show 

725  | 

1 215 

12  || 

2035  | 

93 

27-52 

40 

2823 

Stray  

970 

1 205  ! 

10  II 

2310  | 

70 

| 3047 

22 

3075 

Stray  

980  ! 

220  | 

1! 

2285  | 

115 

3067 

20 

3087 

Stray,  gas;  Gord.,  oil 

1022 

1 1^3  | 

II 

2340  | 

100 

| 3072 

14 

3086 

Stray 

725  | 

215  | 

10  ||  2035  | 

100 

2802 

4 

2806 

Stray  and  Gord 

970  I 

1 190  1 

6 !l 

2281  | 

94 

| 3049 

19 

3108 

Gordon  



2115  ! 

2873 

2935 

-t  • i •• 

j 

vjroraon  on  snow 

riATTl  An 

775  ' 

190  | 

6 [|  2080  | 

120  II 

2858 

14 

3206 

vjtoi  cion  

637  | 

248  1 

8 II 

1935  | 

120  || 

2716 

18 

2740 

Gordon  

rjnrH  nn 

775  1 

215  | 

io  II 

2075  | 

90  || 

2802 

15 

2853 

UUI  U.UI1  

Big  I.,  Gordon 

840 

190  | 

7 II 

2143  | 

105  || 

2855 

28  ||  3029 

Gordon  

Map 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 
9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 
21 
22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 
28A 

29 

30 

31 

32 

33 

34 

35 

36 

37 

38 

39 

40 

41 

42 

43 

44 

45 

46 

47 


Map 

No 

nr 

49 

50 

51 

52 

53 

54 

55 

56 

57 

58 

59 

60 

61 

62 

63 

64 

65 

66 

67 

68 

69 

70 

71 

72 

73 

74 

75 

76 

77 

78 

79 

80 

81 

82 

83 

84 

85 

86 

87 

88 

89 

90 

91 

92 

93 

94 

95 

96 


292 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Summarized 


NAME  OF  WELL 

Locatien— 

District 

OWNER 

S T Rartlett  No.  1 

McClellan 

Carter  

C Stark  No  1 

McClellan 

South  Penn 

.T  R Howhnrst  No.  1 

McClellan 

South  Penn 

.T  R Rpwhnrst  No.  18 

McClellan 

South  Penn 

W B.  Hawkins  No  3 

McClellan 

South  Penn 

McClellan 

South  Penn 

T B Edgell  No  3 

McClellan 

South  Penn 

T B Edgell  No  1 

McClellan 

South  Penn 

Emplinp.  Snodgrass  No  1 

McClellan 

South  Penn 

Chas  Erlgpll  No  1 

McClellan  

South  Penn 

Sydney  Joseph  No  1 

McClellan 

South  Penn 

Sydnpv  Joseph  No.  2 

McClellan 

South  Penn 

Hpriry  Cnmhridge  No  (1  ) 

McClellan 

South  Penn 

U R "Hardman  No  1 

M o C 1 el  1 a n 

M J Yeater  No  1 

McClellan 

South  Penn 

McClellan 

McClellan 

South  Penn 

J.  Smith  & Co 

"Lowndes  ,&■  Hart  No  11 

McClellan  .... 

South  Penn 

Silas  Langfitt  No  1 

McClellan 

South  Penn 

CJ-PO  Cnmherlede'e  No  1 

McClellan 

South  Penn 

Opo  Cnmherlede’e  No  2 

McClellan 

Centerpoint  

M.  A.  Phillips  No.  1 

McClellan 

South  Penn 

Samuel  Collins  No  3 

McClellan 

South  Penn 

SuFivan  Heirs  No  1 

McClellan  . . . 

South  Penn 

Harriet  McCormick  core  test. . . . 

1YT a h a 1 a Swpptipv  Ho  1 

McClellan 

McClellan 

C.  D.  Martin 

South  Penn 

Thos  Ash  No  1 

McClellan  . . . . . 

South  Penn(?) 

John  Ash  No  1 

McClellan 

South  Penn 

Susan  P.  Swiger  pore  test. 

McClellan 

Martin  & Summers . . 

M N Allen  No  1 

McClellan  

Carnegie  

Martha  T Smith  No  1 

McClellan 

South  Penn 

Israel  J.  Allen  No.  1 

McClellan 

Murphy  & Jen 

Silas  Lanefitt  No  4 

McClellan  . . . . 

South  Penn 

Silas  Lanefitl  No  7 

McClellan  . . . . 

South  Penn 1 

Benton  Allen  No  5 

McClellan 

Murphy  & Jen 

O W O Hardman  No  25 

McClellan 

Murphy  & Jen 

Clinton  Wright  No  4 

McClellan 

South  Penn 

O W O Hardman  No  54 

McClellan 

Murphy  & Jen 

Lloyd  McIntyre  No  1 

McClellan 

Jennings 

W B.  Allen  No.  7. . . 

McClellan 

Murphy  & Jen 

South  Penn 

Chas  Stewart  No  7 

Grant. 

J.  D McReynolds  No  1 

Grant 

South  Penn 

J D McReynolds  No  17 

Grant 

South  Penn 

J D McReynolds  No  4 

Grant 

South  Penn 

John  McReynolds  No  1 

Grant 

South  Penn 

Silas  Ash  No.  2 

Grant 

South  Penn 

Joseph  Costilow  No  1 

Grant  . 

South  Penn 

Henry  Knight  No  1.  . 

Grant . . 

South  Penn 

Chas.  Doak  No.  1 

Grant 

South  Penn 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


293 


Wells  in  Doddridge  County. — Continued. 


PITTSBURGH  COAL 

BIG  INJUN  SAND 

GORDON  SAND 

Total 

Depth 

PRODUCING  SAND 

Depth 

(top) 

Elevation 
(top) 
A.  T. 

Thickness 

Depth 

(top) 

Thickness 

Depth 

(top) 

Thickness 

760 

275 

10 

208o 

12d 

|l  2853 

10 

I 2868 

Gordon  | 

700 

220 

1 10  I 

1 2000 

i 105 

||  2782 

19 

||  2802 

| 

Gordon  

j — r. . | 

| 2410 

| 87 

| 

2507 

Bis*  In  inn 

1 

1 2238 

| 

|| 



| 2336 

|| 



Rjp’  T anri  Onrvl  i 

Dig  A*>  chi u VjtUI  U. 

Fifth 

Rip"  Tninn 

2065 

120 



| 2197 

mj  Lin.  





1941 

| 

1 

2075 

Tm'nn 



2011 

125 

j 2753  | 

12 

| 3010 

I 

Bio*  Tninn 

— 

| | 

1920 

| 

|' 

2032 

Biff  Tninn 

1880 

| 

| 

1987 

Biff  Ininn  I 





660  | 

315 

2010 

| 2139 

Biff  Tninn 

K....I 

| 

Bi ff  Tn  inn 

440 

355 



1787 

|*  113 

| | 

| 2880 

Dig  Aiijun 

Big  I.,  and  Stray 

450  J 

330 

! l 

1 1 

1 

Biff  Ininn 

' 

1837 

75 

2540  | 

5 

2752 

448 

322 

I 6 1! 

1804 

; 146 

1 

1950 

Big  Injun 

1 

! 87 

| 

1910 

Biff  Tninn 

473  | 

292  | 

4 II 

1817 

112 

1929 

Big  Injun 

1 

E.... 

113 

1 

2670  | 

20 

2908 

Big  Injun 

II  I 

1 

1833 

1988 

Bi  p*  Tn  inn 

1819 

| 

1935 

Bi  o*  Tn  inn 

| 

|j 

1803 

[ 

1 | 

1900 

Dig  ±11 J Uil • 

Bio-  Tninn 

1806 

1 

| 

1892 

■Dig  X11JU.I1 

Biff  Tninn 

570  1 

210  ! 

1 1 

|| 

1858 

1 

|l 

1966 

Dig  111  J Uil 

Biff  Tninn 

1 

2030 

1 i 

* * * 1 i 

1 

2182 

Bi  P*  Tn  in  n 

i 

2260 

125 

3013  | 

6 

3037 

Dig  liljuil 

Biff  Tninn 

1014  | 

186  | 

II 

2304 

206 

3070  | 

11 

3090 

Dig  xiij  Uii 

Gordon  

742  f 

243  | 

II 

2032 

203 

2830  | 

5 

2842 

Gordon  

1815 

1 

1968 

Bi  p*  Tn  in n 

1796 

j 

1875 

-Dig  liljuil 

Bi  p*  Tn  in n 

1793 

117 

L 

2520 

Dig  liljuil 

Bi  P*  T Q n Qir’mr 

| | 

1 i 

1890 

|| 

1985 

Dig  i.,  diiu  oiray 

Bi  P*  Tninn 

1806 

99 

II 

2581 

Dig  inj  uil 

■Rl  cr  T n n ^ QUrn  vr  1 i 

1 1 

495  [ 

310 



1850 

1957 



Biff  Tninn 

2035 

Bi  pf  Tninn  * I ( 

556  I 

309 

||  1902 

111  1 

i ii 

2013 

Biff  Tninn  ! 

628  ! 

312 

[|  1968 

112  | 

i 1 

i H 

2080 

Big  Injun [ < 

Map 

No. 


50 

51 

52 

53 


57 

58 

59 

60 
61 
62 

63 

64 

65 

66 

67 

68 

69 

70 

71 

72 

73 

74 

75 

76 

77 

78 

79 

80 
81 
82 

83 

84 

85 

86 

87 

88 

89 

90 

91 

92 

93 

94 


294- 


petroleum  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Summarized  Record  of 


Map 

No. 

NAME  OF  WELL 

Location- 

District 

OWNER 

Elevation 
A.  T. 

97 

Jacob  Underwood  Nn  11 

Grant 

South  Penn 

1280B 

98 

W A Costilow  No.  1 

Grant 

Bish  & Elder 

1280B 

99 

"WP1  Sar|dy  No  2 

Grant 

South  Penn. . 

920B 

100 

Sandy  No  1 

Grant 

South  Perm 

1160B 

101 

N J Wilcox  No  1 

Grant 

Greenlee  & For 

860B 

102 

fiflm’l  B Mc.Mil’an  No.  1 

Grant 

South  Penn 

778L 

102A 

Emma  Hoskinson  No  1 

Grant 

Phila  

103 

Grant. 

Trainer  Bros. . 

860B 

104 

C I McMillan  No.  1 

Grant 

Trainer  Bros 

845B 

105 

S B McMillan  No  1 

Grant 

Carter  

815B 

106 

Grant 

Trainer  Bros 

1130B 

107 

flhas  Shrader  No  1 

Grant 

Carter  

1110B 

108 

Johnson  Williams  No  1 

Grant 

Carter  

910B 

109 

J L Smith  No  1 

Grant 

Murphy  O Co 

940L 

110 

.Tas  Morgan  No  1 

Grant 

Carter?  

925B 

111 

Grant 

Hope  

1305B 

112 

Belix  Davis  No  1 

Grant 

Hope  

760B 

112A 

U O Nestor  No  1 

Grant 

Penna  

895B 

113 

H T Powell  No  1467  

Grant 

Hope  

1000B 

113A 

Powell  & Williams  No  1 

Grant 

Penna.  

1090B 

114 

B.  D.  Helmick  No.  1476 

Grant 

Hope  

1010B 

115 

M.  J.  Carr  No.  1 (No.  141) 

Grant 

Hope  

866L 

116  i 

C.  G.  Davis  No.  1 

Grant 

Wheeling 

935B 

i 

117 

Susan  Sadler  No.  1 

Grant 

Trainer  Bros  . 

980B 

118 

R.  B.  Davisson  No.  1 

Grant 

Hope  

870B 

119 

R.  M.  Orr  No.  1 

Grant 

Wheeling 

1220B 

120 

Tate  Bros  No.  1 

Grant 

Wheeling 

915B 

121 

Henry  Orrowhood  No.  1 

Grant 

Wheeling  . 

860B 

122 

Silas  Cain  No.  1 

Grant 

Carter 

865L 

123 

John  Whalen  No.  2 

Grant 

Carter  & Carney. . . . 

1160B 

124 

John  Whalen  core  test 

Grant. . 

885B 

125 

Jas.  Powell  No.  1 

Grant 

Phila  . ... 

880B 

126 

J.  D Crabtree  No.  1 

Grant 

South  Penn 

835B 

127 

O.  A.  Sheets  No.  1 

Grant 

Hope 

870B 

128 

W.  A.  Stutler  No.  1 

Grant 

Castle  Brook 

849L 

129 

Lewis  Maxwell  No  2 

Grant 

Castle  Brook 

815B 

129A 

Gordon  Rush  No.  1 

Grant 

Acme  

130 

Z.  Offutt  No.  1 

Grant 

Diamond  Co 

825B 

131 

Patrick  Shaughnessy  No.  1. . . . 

Grant 

South  Penn 

910B 

132 

Edward  Conley  No.  1 

Grant 

Federal 

955L 

133 

Robert  Starkey  No.  2 

Grant 

South  Penn | 

990B 

134 

Ellen  Kirk  No.  1 

Grant 

South  Penn 

1365B 

135 

John  Hession  No.  1 

Grant 

South  Penn 

1330B 

136 

Mary  O’Connor  No.  1 

Grant 

South  Penn [ 

137 

Albert.  A.  Davis  No.  1 

Grant 

South  Ppnn 

995B 

138 

M.  Davisson  No.  6 

Grant 

South  Penn 

1149L 

139 

Freeman  Bros.  No.  1 

West  Union. . . . 

Phila?  

140 

W W.  Pratt  No.  1 

McElroy  (Tyler'1 

South  Penn .... 

853L 

141 

Frank  Smith  No.  1 

West  Union . . . . 

South  Penn 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


295 


Wells  in  Doddridge  County. — Continued. 


PITTSBURGH  COAL 


Depth 

(top) 


Elevation 

(top  I Thickness 


BIG  INJUN  SAND 

GORDON  SAND  1 

Depth 

1 (top)  J 

1 

Thickness 

Depth  1 

(top)  Thickness 

Total 

Depth 


950 

, 330 

| 



| 2290  | 119 

••••••! 

2409 

j 

1 

j 1880  | 

2003 

j 2131  j 215 

2876 

| 20 

3005 



; 

| 1735  j 156 

[ 

900P: 

| 



| 2072  j 183 

1 

9Q1  fi 

' 1820  | 130 

9f»nn 

| 



1 

| 1793  | 90 

| 

1 

1 8Q7 

| 

1 

I 

| 1760  | 100 

L 

lOt?  1 

1850 

690 

I 440 

1 1 

| 2067  | 123 

l 

| 

2813 

1 9 

| 2840 

1 1 

i 

j 2020  | 75 

1 

2719 

! 8 

2478 

886 

419  | 

6 1 

2220  | 111 

2940 

20 

3400 

462 

433  | 

5 

1802  [ 106 

|| 

|‘  | 

1910 

529 

471  | 

3 

1902  | 85 

l| 

1 

2055 

2054 

1 1 

538 

472  | 

16 

1880  | 138 

|| 



::: 

2035 

380 

486  1 

| 

1730  | 130 

II 

|... 

2735 

565 

370  | 

7 I 

1900  | 140 

||  2648  | 

7 II 

2692 

660 

320 

7 ||  1990  J 135  | 

2740  | 

20  II 

2794 

715 

505  | 

7 jj  2070  1 

:::::: 

2150 

372 

543  | 

8 II 

1733  | 105 

|| 

1 || 

3125 

323 

537  | 

6 II 

1693  | 110 

ii 

1 

il 

1890 

755  i 
465 
417  | 
330  I 


405 

420 

463 

505 


1695  j 
2150  | 

I' 


103 

65 


270 

240 

645 


579 


1717  | 79 

I 


1659  | II. 

1546  | 74  If. 

1624  ! II. 


265 


6 11 

5 ||  2010  | 85  ||  2721*1"  *4 


1120  i 
1070  | 
1040  | 
742  | 
924  I 


245 

260 

253* 

225 


I!  2475  | 
||  2455  | 
||  2388  | 
||  2075  | 

■ ||  2252  | 


80  ||  3200  | 
120  ||  3161  [ 
110  ||  3130  | 
110  ||  2849  | 
80  j|  3015  | 


13 

12 

12 

15 

12 


2479 

2242 

479 


2701 


1768 

2193 

1640 


2725 


3228 
3220 
3185 
(I  2881 
||  3028 


PRODUCING  SAND 


Big  Injun. 
Maxton  . . 
Big  Injun. 


Big  Injun 

Big  I.,  and  5th 

Big  Injun 

Big  Injun 

Big  Injun 

B.  I.,  Stray  & Gord. 
Max.,  B.  I.  & Gord.. 


Big  Injun 

Big  Injun 

Big  Injun 

Max.  and  Big  Injun 

Big  Injun 

Max.  and  Big  Injun 

Big  Injun j 

II.  C.  R.  and  Gord f 

B.  I.  and  Gord | 


Max.  and  Big  I | 

Salt,  B.  I.  & 6th ".  "l 

Salt  and  B.  I | 

Big  Injun | 

Big  Injun | 


Big  Injun . 


Big  Injun 

Big  I.  and  Salt. 

Big  Injun 

Big  I 


Gordon  

Gordon  

Gordon  

Stray  and  Gordon 


Big  Injun 


Map 

No. 


97 

98 

99 
100 
101 
102 
102A 

103 

104 

105 

106 

107 

108 

109 

110 
111 
112 
112A 

113 
113A 

114 

115 

116 

117 

118 

119 

120 
121 
122 

123 

124 

125 

126 

127 

128 

129 
129A 

130 

131 

132 

133 

134 

135 

136 

137 

138 

139 

140 

141 


296 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Summarized  Record  of 


Map 

No. 

NAME  OF  WELL 

Location— 

District 

OWNER 

Elevation 
A.  T. 

142 

Wm.  Smith  No.  1 

West  Union . . . 

Louth  Penn 

865B 

143 

Ed.  Cain  No.  1 

West  Union. . . 

Carter  

785B 

144 

Jos.  Frftfiman  No.  1 

West  Union . . . 

South  Penn 

759L 

145 

E 0.  Ford  No.  1 

West  Union . . . 

Boliver  

770B 

146 

Wm.  Freeman  No.  1 

West  Union.  . . 

Murphy  & Jen 

835B 

147 

Frank  Smith  No.  1 

West  Union. . . 

West  Union 

1185B 

148 

Frank  Smith  No.  2 

West  Union... 

Wolf  Summit 

980B 

149 

Frank  Smith  No.  1 

West  Union.  . . 

Wolf  Summit 

1100B 

150 

Smith  & Carr  No.  1 

West  Union . . . 

Wolf  Summit 

1045B 

151 

Nancy  Scott  No  1 

West  Union. . . 
West  Union. . . 
West  Union . . . 

Wm.  Maxwell 

790B 

152 

153 

Frank  Maxwell  Heirs  No.  1 

Vincent  Cain  No.  1 

Wm.  Maxwell 

Trainer  Bros 

945B 

154 

D.  L.  Dotson  No.  1 

West  Union... 

Eastern  

865B 

155 

P B.  McClain  No.  1 

West  Union. . . . 
West  Union. . . . 
West  Union.  . . . 
West  Union.  . . . 
West  Union. . . . 

Eastern  

10T0B 

156 

John  Con  1 ah  an  No  1 

Eastern  

940B 

157 

Robt.  Harper  No.  1 

Phila  

950B 

158 

S.  O.  Jones  No  1 

Trainer  Bros 

800L 

159 

Steel  Heirs  No  1 

Carter  (Wheeling) . . 

865B 

160 

Thos.  Ryan  No.  1 

West  Union. . . . 
West  Union. . . . 
West  Union. . . . 
West  Union.  . . . 

Acme  

800B 

161 

Lloyd  Davis  No.  1 

Carter  

860B 

162 

L.  T.  Davis  No.  1 

Empire  

780B 

163 

Gribble  <&  Dufore  No.  1 

Gribble  & Dufore.... 

786L 

164 

Jap  Stewart  Heirs  No.  1 

West  Union. . . . 
West  Union.  . . . 
West  Union. . . . 

Empire  

845B 

165 

Jos.  Cheuvront  No.  1 

Empire  

930B 

166 

Lewis  Maxwell  No.  8 

Mt.  State  Carbon. . . . 

900B 

167 

Lewis  Maxwell  No.  1 

West  Union. . . . 
West  Union. . . . 
West  Union. . . . 
West  Union. . . . 
West  Union. . . . 

Phila  

832L 

168 

B Foley  et  al  No  1 

Phila  

845B 

169 

Jacob  Netzer  No.  1 

Carter  

830B 

170 

Fielding  Britton  No.  1 

Hope  

840B 

171 

Lewis  Maxwell  No.  1 

Mt.  State  Carbon. . . . 

870B 

172 

Lewis  Maxwell  No.  1 

West  Union 

West  Union. . . . 
West  Union. . . . 
West  Union.  . . . 
West  Union.  . . . 

Acme  

905B 

173 

Lewis  Maxwell  No  2 

Acme 

905B 

174 

Leeman  Maxwell  No.  4 

Carnegie  

1005B 

175 

Leeman  Maxwell  No  6 

Carnegie  

880B 

176 

Lafayette  & Fleming  No.  1. . . . 

Carter  

860L 

177 

Jos  Freeman  No.  1 

West  Union. . . . 
West  Union. . . . 
West  Union. . . . 
West  Union. . . . 
West  Union .... 

Carter  

890B 

178 

J.  Wesley  Smith  No.  1 

Carter  

925L 

179 

Harvey  Smith  No.  1 

Carter  . 

900B 

180 

Harvey  Smith  No.  2 

Carter  

955B 

181 

Ed  Smith  No.  1934 

Phila  

940B 

182 

W.  C Griffith  No.  1 

Central , 

Greenwood  

740B 

182A 

Finley  Dotson  No.  1 

Central < 

Carter  

770B 

183 

W.  Harrison  Piggott  No.  1 

Chas.  Piggott  core  test 

Central 

Hope  

765B 

184 

Central 

Barnes  et  al 

775B 

185  | 

Perry  Hutson  No  1 

Central 

South  Penn 

805B 

186  | 

John  Chisler  No  1 

Central , 

Carter 

900B 

187  I 

F J Ruley  No.  1 

Central 

Smith  Penn  

840B 

188 

W.  A.  Duckworth  No.  1 

Central 

Carter  

865B 

189  | 

Frank  Cooper  No.  1 

Central 

Carter  

980B 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


29? 


Wells  in  Doddridge  County. — Continued. 


PITTSBURGH  COAL 

BIG  INJUN  SAND  | 

GORDON  SAND 

Total 

Depth 

PRODUCING  SAND 

Map 

No. 

140 

Depth 

(topi 

Elevation 
(top) 
A.  T. 

Thickness 

88  Thickness 

Depth 

(top) 

Thickness 

| 1695  j 103  1 
1707  | 89 

| 

2479 

2750 

Big  Injun 

143 

144 

145 

146 

147 

148 

149 

150 

151 

152 

153 

154 

155 

156 

157 

158 

159 

160 
161 
162 

163 

164 

165 

166 

167 

168 

169 

170 

171 

172 

173 

174 

175 

176 
| 177 
| 178 
[ 179 

180 
181 
[ 182 
| 182A 
| 183 
I 184 

185 

186 
| 187 
| 188 
| 189 

Big  Injun 

Big  Injun 

514 

841 

644 

768 

700 

321 

344 
336 
332 

345 

6 

1863  | 107 

| 2228  | 101 

2788 

2329| 

2130 

2259 

2167 

Big  Injun 

Big  Injun 



Big  Injun 

| 2012 
2130  | 114 

| 2067  | 

Big  Injun 

Big  Injun 



j 



Big  Injun | 

564 

381 

4 

2712 

1898 

2630 

1750 

2745 

Big  I.  and  Gord j 



j 1800  | 





Big  Injun i 

465 

545 

i 1875  | 130 

1743  j 

[ 2608 

i 

Big  I.  and  Stray 

Salt  and  Big  I 

1778  127 

Salt,  B.  Led.  & B.  I 

j 

i 

1 



1 



1602  86 

1644  | 144 

1645  | 85 

1 1 



2301 
| 2330 
| 2338 
| 2403 
| 2408 
j 2383 

4 

12 

8 

5 
7 

14 

2514 

2348 

2362 

Salt.,  B.  I.,  Stray  & Gord. 
Salt,  and  Gord 





Gordon  



1 

Gordon  

1 

| | 

B.  I.,  and  Gord 



1696  j 91  j 

1850  | 60  [ 

| ! 

2433 

3053 

Big  I 

445  | 

387 

Big  I.  and  Berea 



| 



310 

| 520 

3 

1702  | 70 

| | 

i 

2493 

210 

[ 695 

3 

i 

i 1640  30 

1 1 I 

2300 
| 

10 

1 2405 

B I , and  Gord  

Big  Injun 

1 

1405 

! B.  Dunk,  and  Salt 

! 1730  | 70  | 

| | | 

i 

Salt  

' 

1 

| 1340 
[ 2445 

Salt  

' 

1 1700  | 66  | 

i | | 

2319 
I 

8 

| 

I C.  R.,  B.  Lm,  & Big  I. . 
| Big  I 

1 

[ 

| 1753  75 

j 1745  | 

[ 1857 
[ 1745 

B.  Lm.  and  Big  I 

410 

470 

550 

490 

485 

390 

l 

j 3 

I 2 

5 

| 

Big  I 

i { | 



| 

Big  I 

! 1930  70 

| | | 

2515 

II 

2 

2843 

Big  I.  and  B.  Lm 

Salt  and  Big  I 

j 

i 1698  | 117 

i i i 

|j 

J 1884 

j 

1 

Big  I 

i i 

j 

412 



! 

j j 

j 

Big  I 

r 

1 1916  59 

j 

2625 
| 

3085 

1 

| 

1916  78 

1971  | 55 

2081 

2136 

B Lm.  and  Big  I 

i 



| . 

I 

1 

Big  I 

298 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Summarized  Record  of 


Map 

No. 

NAME  OF  WELL 

Location- 

District 

OWNER 

Elevation 
A.  T. 

190 

John  Harris  No  1 

Central 

Garter  

835B 

191 

Williamson  Heirs  No.  1 

Central 

Carter  

819L 

192 

Carter-Harris  No.  1 

Central 

Carter  

825B 

193 

Dan’l  H.  Harris  No.  3 

Central 

Carter  

835B 

194 

B.  C.  Powell  No.  1 

Central 

Carter  

900B 

195 

Dan’l  H Harris  No.  2 

Central < 

Carter  

830B 

196 

School  House  Lot  No.  1 

Central 

Greenwood  

870B 

197 

David  Ankrom  No.  1 

198 

Wm.  Flanagan  No  1 

Gentral 

Murphy  & Jen 

815B 

199 

Eugene  Henry  coal  test 

Gentral  . . 

H G Davis 

875B 

200 

Eugene  Henry  coal  test 

Gentral 

Eugene  Henry 

910B 

201 

Rachael  Bee  No.  1 

Gentral  . . 

Carter  

945B 

202 

L.  D.  Stuck  No.  1 

Gentral  . . . . . i 

Garter  

895L 

203 

County  Farm  No  1 

870B 

204 

S.  H.  Douglas  No.  1 

Gentral  . . . , 

Garter  

900B 

205 

Jack  Cunningham  No.  1933.  . . . 

Gentral 

Phila  

1060B 

206 

Nancy  Smith  No.  1 

Gentral  . . ., 

Garter  

935L 

207 

F.  A.  Leach  No.  1 

Morphy  .Ten  .... 

825B 

208 

S A Hansford  No.  1 

TVest  Union.  . . . 

Garter  

985B 

209 

D.  M.  Haught  No.  1 

Southwest 

Phila 

940B 

210 

W.  L.  Stinespring  No.  1 

Southwest 

Carter  

895B 

211 

C.  P Broadwater  No.  1 

Southwest  . . . . 

Garter  

810L 

212 

Granville  S.  Nutter  No.  1932.. 

Southwest 

Phila  

830B 

213 

David  W.  Gray  No.  2 

Southwest  . . . . 

Gartej*  

840B 

214 

David  W.  Gray  No.  1 

Southwest  . . . . 

Garter  

860B 

215 

Eli  Nutter  No  1 

Son  th  west 

Carter 

930B 

216 

W Brent  Maxwell  No 

Southwest.  

Garter  

895B 

217 

M.  H Wilson  No.  1 

Southwest 

Carter  

935B 

218 

Eli  M Gaston  No.  1 

Southwest 

Carter  

900B 

219 

S M Gaston  No.  1 

Southwest 

Carter  

920B 

220 

W B Maxwell  No  8 

Southwest 

Carter  

910B 

221 

W B Maxwell  No.  2 

Southwest 

Carter  

920B 

222 

W B.  Maxwell  No.  4 

Southwest 

Carter  

940B 

223 

W M Stout  No  10  

Southwest 

Carter  

980B 

224 

S W Stout  No  7 . .... 

Southwest 

Carter  

905B 

225  | 

S W Stout  No  2 

Southwest 

Carter  

930B 

226 

S W Stout  No  4 

Southwest 

Carter  

935B 

227 

S W Stout  No  1 

Southwest 

Carter  

935B 

228 

S W Stout  No  19 

Southwest 

Carter  

990B 

229 

S W Stout  No  18  

Southwest 

1 Carter  

990B 

230 

G D Allender  No  1 

Union  (Ritchie). 

! Carter  

970B 

231 

Wm  Adams  No  1 

Union  (Ritchie). 

Carter  

790B 

232 

Hamilton  Russell  No  1 

Cove 

South  Penn 

1080B 

233 

L G Eh  a pm  an  No  1 

Cove 

Southern  

234 

Jas  H Bode  No  1 

Cove 

South  Penn | 

l 1075B 

235 

1 Jas  U Bode  No  R 

Cove 

South  Penn | 

1075B 

236 

John  A Bode  No  9 

Cove  

South  Penn | 

1 1125B 

237 

| John  A Bode  No  1 

Cove  

South  Penn 

| 990B 

238  | 

Wm.  H.  Bode  No.  1 

Cove 

South  Penn 

930B 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


299 


Wells  in  Doddridge  County. — Continued. 


PITTSBURGH  COAL 

BIG  INJUN  SAND  1 

Depth 
(top)  J 

Elevation 

(t°P) 

A.  T. 

Thickness 

Depth 

(to?) 

1 hickness 

GORDON  SAND 


Depth 

(top) 


Thickness 


Total 

Depth 


PRODUCING  SAND 


Map 

No. 


690 


470  ! 
480  ! 


255  I 


652  I 408 


411  | 


525  I 370 


| 0 

370  I 4 

380  | 1 

I 


1778 

1764 

1775 

1785 

1866 

1795 


1740 


2028 

2000 


1985 


1943 

1825 

1886 


1745 

1815 

1718 

1678 

1670 

1833 

1660 

1700 

1650 

1605 

1640 

1736 

1830 

1705 

1760 

1705 

1850 

1970 

2150 

1674 


1800 

2007 

2040 

2110 

1964 

1935 


93 

100 

25 

105 

55 

98 


84  | 


89 

50 


63 


87 

75 

60 


90 

40 


30 

80 

33 

40 

50 

80 

60 

80 

160  | 
100  I 
95  | 
70  I 
155 
100  | 
55  | 
32  | 
47  I 


100 

104 
110  | 

105  | 
90  I 


2486 


12 


2425  I 75 

I 


2315  I 
2330  | 


2295 

2310 

2273 

2280 

2288 

2397 

2499 

2443 

2421 

2443 

2506 

2572 


2440 

2653 

2675 

2754 

2597 

2569 


1910 

1879 

1814 

1895 

1921 

2130 


2712 


2147 

2828 


1794 


2081 

2878 

2655 

2106 

2738 

2121 

1755 

2404 

2551 

2116 

2500 

2385 

2300 

2304 

2312 

2422 

2519 

2484 

2472 

2484 

2530 

2597 

2184 

2670 


2730 

2680 

2680 

2782 

2612 

2595 


Big  I. 
Big  I. 
Big  I. 
Big  I. 
Big  I. 


Big  I. 


Max.,  Big  I.,  and  Gantz 


Maxton  . . . 
B.  Lm,  and 


Keener 


Big  I. 


Big  Dunkard. 

Big  I 

Big  I 


Big  I 

Big  I.  and  Gord 

B.  Lm 

Big  I 

Big  I.  and  Stray 

B.  Dunk.,  Max.  & Gord, 

Big  I.  and  Gord 

Big  I.  and  Gord 

Gordon  

Gordon  

Gordon  

Gordon  

Gordon  

Gordon  

Gordon  

Big  I 

Salt  and  Big 


I 


Big  I.. 
Gordon 
Gordon 
Gordon 
Gordon 
Gordon 


190 

191 

192 

193 

194 

195 

196 

197 

198 

199 

200 
201 
202 

203 

204 

205 

206 

207 

208 

209 

210 
211 
212 

213 

214 

215 

216 

217 

218 

219 

220 
221 
222 

223 

224 

225 

226 

227 

228 

229 

230 

231 

232 

233 

234 

235 

236 

237 

238 


300 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Summarized  Record  of 


Map 

No. 

NAME  OF  WELL 

Location — 
District 

OWNER 

Elevation 

A.T. 

239 

Andrew  (J.)  Hurst  No.  1 

Cove 

South  Penn 

930B 

240 

W.  M.  Williams  No.  1 

Cove 

Carter  

900L 

241 

John  Wanstreet  No.  1 

Cove 

Carter 

855B 

242 

Jacob  Ruppert  No.  1 

Cove 

Southern 

940B 

243 

John  H.  Schmidt  No.  1 

Cove 

1095B 

244 

Henry  U.  Wanstreet  No.  1. . . . 

Cove 

Carter  

990B 

245 

P.  Brannon  No.  1 

Cove 

Hagerstown 

813L 

246 

Henry  Bode  No.  1 

Cove 

South  Penn 

860B 

247 

Jos.  Krenn  No.  (3?) 

Cove 

South  Penn 

830B 

248 

Christian  Albers  No.  1 

Cove 

South  Penn 

803L 

249 

John  Gemps  No.  1 

Cove 

South  Penn 

810B 

250 

Chas.  Fischer  No.  1 

(Lewis  County) . 

South  Penn 

810L 

251 

John  Rastle  No.  2 

(Lewis  County) , 

South  Penn 

252 

John  Bland  No.  1 

New  Milton. . . . 

Castle  Brook 

855B 

253 

Geo.  McClain  No.  2 

New  Milton. . . . 

Castle  Brook 

855B 

254 

Franklin  Randolph  No.  1 

New  Milton. . . . 

Preston  O & G 

815L 

255 

A.  F.  Randolph  No.  1 

New  Mi’ton .... 

South  Penn 

826L 

256 

A.  M.  Greathouse  No.  1 

New  Milton .... 

South  Penn. 

915B 

257 

Lewis  Maxwell  No.  1 

New  Milton. . . . 

Trainer  Bros 

258 

Porter  Maxwell  No.  34 

New  Milton. . . . 

Murphy  O Co.  . . . 

965B 

259 

Porter  Maxwell  No.  31 

New  Milton. . . . 

Murphy  O.  Co 

925B 

260 

Mary  E Gabbert  No.  1 

New  Milton. . . . 

South  Penn 

1070B 

261 

Wm.  Stout  No.  8 

New  Milton.  . . . 

Carter  

1265B 

262 

J B.  Maxwell  No.  2 

New  Milton. . . . 

South  Penn  . . . 

1055B 

263 

J.  B.  Maxwell  No.  1 

New  Mi'ton.  . . . 

South  Penn  .... 

975B 

264 

C C.  Pearcy  No.  1 

New  Milton . . . ., 

South  Penn . 

1095B 

265 

L.  W Pearcy  Heirs  No.  1 

New  Milton. . . ~ 

South  Penn 

985B 

266 

John  Gribble  No.  3 

New  Milton. . . . 

Carter 

1135B 

267 

John  Gribble  No.  2 

New  Milton .... 

Carter  

1100B 

268 

Fred  Fisher  No.  3 

New  Mi’ton .... 

Carter  

1165B 

269 

John  Gribble  No.  1 

New  Milton .... 

Carter  

925B 

270 

B.  M.  Crook  core  test 

New  Mi’ton. . . . 

J.  V.  Thompson 

925L 

271 

Jas.  Maxwell  No.  1 i 

New  Milton.  . . . 

Carter  

881L 

272 

Mary  V.  Dillon  No.  1? 

New  Milton.  . . . 

Welch  O & G 

840L 

273 

John  W Rymer  No.  1 

New  Milton .... 

South  Penn. 

850B 

274 

J.  M Cox  No.  1 

New  Milton. . . . 

Hope  

955B 

275 

Jacob  J Cox  No.  1 

New  Milton. . . . 

Carter  

891L 

276  | 

J.  C.  Cumpston  No.  1 

New  Milton 

Hope  

277 

D H Nicholson  No.  1 

New  Milton.  . . . 

South  Penn . . 

1015B 

278 

W.  B.  Maxwell  No.  1 ' 

New  Milton. . . . 

South  Peuu  

1285B 

279 

D A Kelley  No.  1 

Greenbrier  . . . . 

Hope  

1040B 

280 

Hick  Davis  No.  1 

Greenbrier 

R K.  Jones 

920B 

281 

Minerva  Sadler  No.  1 

Greenbrier  .... 

South  Penn 

910B 

282 

F.  M.  Williams  No.  1 

Greenbrier  . . . . 

South  Penn 

945B 

283 

L.  Gainer  No.  1 

Greenbrier 

South  Penn 

1000B 

284 

M.  T.  Williams  No.  1 

Greenbrier  . . . . 

South  Penn 

1000B 

285 

Edith  Stout  No.  1 

Greenbrier 

J.  Randolph 

885B 

286 

M.  T.  Williams  No.  5 

Greenbrier  . . . . 

South  Penn 

940B 

287  I 

M.  T.  Williams  No.  2 

Greenbrier  . . . . 

South  Penn 

915L 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


301 


Wells  in  Doddridge  County. — Continued. 


PITTSBURGH  COAL 

BIG  INJUN  SAND 

GORDON  SAND 

Total 

Depth 

PRODUCING  SAND 

Map 

No. 

Depth 

(top) 

Elevation 

(*°p) 

A.  T 

Thickness 

Depth 

(top) 

Thickness 

Depth 

(top) 

Thickness 

Big  I 

239 

1940 

92 

2564 

6 

2587 

Gordon  

240 

1952 

95 

2539 

8 

2564 

Gordon  

241 

2080 

82 

3008 

242 

2110 

185 

2840 

1 

3102 

Big  I and  Berea 

243 



244 



245 



246 

247 

324 

479 

1 

1738 

152 





2207 

Berea  

248 

1730 

2200 

Berea 

249 

315 

495 

1 

1710 



205 





2186 

Berea  

250 

2087 

103 

2454 

Berea 

251 







1061 

Salt 

252 



1579 



1626J 

Big  I 

253 





2557 

254 





1860 

80 



2630 



2864 

Big  T 

255 

I 

1980 

90 

2984 

256 

175 



1 

1 

3 1 

1595 



[ 

2344 

Big  I and  Gord 

257 

1 

i 

I 

2393 

1 4 

2415 

Gordon 

258 

1 

| 

2367 

3 

2390 

Gordon 

259 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1794 

26 

2452 

1 8 

2480 

Big  I and  Gord 

260 



1 

1 

[ 

2040 

90 

2673  | 

i 

5 

2698 

Gordon 

261 

1 

! 

1 

1880 

74 

2531 

1 3 

2562 

Gordon 

262 

i 

i 1 

! 



263 





1948 

2001 

Big  T 

264 

1 

1 

1890 

90 

2568 

1 8 

2593 

Gordon 

265 

i 

| 

2140 

110 

2796 

I 

1 5 

2820 

Gordon 

266 

1 

1977 

163 

2655 

1 

2800 

fjA.ff  ti  (i  fjord 

267 

...  | 



2090 

115 

2727  | 

1 4 

2963 

Gordon 

268 

1 

2100 

110 

2745 

1 5 

2770 

269 

1 

1 

270 

1 

2035 

75 



2655 



i 4 

| 2862 

271 



1946 

100 

2640 

10 

| 2842 

' 272 

273 

i 

1 

274 

521  | 

370 

5 1 

1995 

100 

2660  | 

3 

| 2860 

. 

275 



| 

2295 

120 

2906 

5 

3542 

fiord  arid 

976 

540  | 

475 

5 1 

2075 

75 

2658  j 

' 7 

| 2906 

AllO 

277 

795  | 

490 

5 

2298 

125 

| 2653 

Berea  

278 

279 

j 

280 

670  | 

240 

j 

2067 

60 

2779 

4 

3079 

Gordon 

281 

i 

2050 

110 

2792 

7 

2805 

Gord  nn 

282 

i 

uUi  UUIl  

Gordon 

283 

720  j 

280 

5 I 

2080 

80  j 

2816 

10 

2836 

Gordon  

284 

! 

Gordon 

285 

660 

280 

5 | 

2039 

109  | 

2716 

Gordon  . 

286 

630  j 

285 

1 

1990 

90  j 

2725  | 

11 

2748 

Gordon  

287 

302 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Summarized  Record  of 


Map 

No. 

NAME  OF  WELL 

Location — 
District 

OWNER 

Elevation 

A.T. 

288 

Marcellus  Clark  No.  2 

Greenbrier 

South  Penn 

925L 

289 

Charlotte  Clark  No.  3 

Greenbrier 

South  Penn 

938L 

290 

R.  G.  Davis  No.  3 

Greenbrier 

South  Penn  

1075L 

291 

L D.  Davis  No.  1 

Greenbrier 

Southern  

985B 

292 

Jesse  Sadler  No.  1 

Greenbrier 

Dr.  Louchery 

1170B 

293 

.Teaae  Sadler  No.  1 

South  Penn 

1000B 

294 

O.  G.  Davis  No.  1 

Greenbrier 

South  Penn 

895B 

295 

Isaac  Eddy  No.  1 

Greenbrier  . . 

South  Penn 

918L 

296 

Maxwell  Heirs  No.  1 

Greenbrier 

Murphy  et  al 

960B 

297 

Isaac  Eddy  No.  2 

Greenbrier 

South  Penn 

890B 

297A 

J.  J.  Adams  No.  1 

Greenbrier 

Randolph  & Ward... 

880B 

298 

Henry  Meeks  No.  1 

Greenbrier 

J.  Randolph 

925B 

299 

J.  H.  Meeks  No.  1 

Greenbrier  . . . 

Southern  

950B 

300 

G W Burnside  No  1 

nrppnhrioi' 

1300B 

301 

Joseph  Richard  No.  1 

VJI  UU11U1  lt/1  • • • • • 

Greenbrier 

Salem  Gas  Co 

980B 

302 

Lewis  Hickman  No.  1 

Greenbrier  . . . 

Salem  G.  Co 

975B 

303 

L.  D.  Waugh  No.  1 

Greenbrier  . . . . 

Hope  

1165B 

304 

Williams  Heirs  No.  1 

Greenbrier 

Hope  

1005B 

305 

Chas.  Slusser  No  1 

Greenbrier 

South  Penn 

945B 

306 

Abe  Hinkle  No.  1 

Greenbrier 

Hope  

307 

D.  E.  Cox  (Nicholson)  No.  1.. 

Greenbrier 

Hope  

880B 

308 

Edgar  Davidson  No  1 

Greenbrier 

South  Penn 

1005B 

309 

Freeman  Heirs  No.  1 

Greenbrier 

Hope  

310 

M.  M.  Sperry  No  1 

Greenbrier  . . . 

Hope  

915B 

311 

J.  B.  Carder  No.  1 

Greenbrier 

Hofmeir  & Deegan. . 

1040B 

312 

H.  G Moffett  (No.  6) 

Greenbrier 

South  Penn 

1420B 

313 

J T.  Somerville  No.  3 

Greenbrier 

South  Penn 

1125B 

314 

A D Lawson  No  6 

Greenbrier 

South  Penn 

1150B 

315 

Geo.  T Richards  No.  3 

Greenbrier  . 

South  Penn 

1195B 

316 

Wm  Mowrey  No.  2 

Greenbrier 

South  Penn 

1295B 

317  | 

Wm  Mowrey  No  1 

Greenbrier 

South  Peuu 

1190B 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


303 


Wells  in  Doddridge  County. — Continued. 


PITTSBURGH  COAL 

BIG  INJUN  SAND 

GORDON  SAND 

Total 

Depth 

PRODUCING  SAND 

Map 

No. 

Depth 

(top) 

Elevation 

(top) 

A.  T. 

Thickness 

Depth 

(top) 

Thickness 

Depth 

(top) 

Thickness 

' 639 

^86 

“<5D 

1990 

115 

2716 

12 

2750 

Gordon  

288 

730 

208 

5 

2090 

120 

2808 

14 

2836 

Gordon  

289 

800 

275 

2170 

85 

2864 

13 

2902 

Gordon  

290 

652 

333 

2739 

18 

2758 

Gordon  

291 

j 

292 

i 

293 



1 



Gordon  

294 

1 

Gordon  

295 

587 

373 

1920 

185 

2670 

30 

2930 

B.  I.  Stray  & Gordon 

296 

297 

ODD 

| 325 

1 

2690 

25  bbl.  in  Gord.  at  2672'.. 

297A 

| 

298 

600 

! 350 

1 

2726 

6 

2742 

Gordon  

299 

l 



300 

628  1 

1 352 

7 

2075 

55 

2708 

20 

2929 

Stray  and  Gord 

301 

1985 

75 

2581 

2808 

Big  I.  and  Gord 

302 

700  1 

465 

8 j 

| 2090 

Gord.  and  4th 

303 



j 

304 

I 

Big  I 

305 

i i 

| 

306 

. 

[ 

1937 

96  i 

| 2612 

13 

3207 

Gord.  and  4th 

307 



2000 

160 



| 2621 

1 

14  I 

2989 

l 

308 

! 

309 



i 

‘ 2785 

Gordon  

! 310 

552 

488 

4 

1980 

106 



2619 

22 

2909 

Gordon  

311 

2345 

125 

| 3006 

18 

3093 

Gordon  

312 

474 



651 

6 

1900 

65 

| 2580 

40 

2815 

5th  

313 

478 

| 672 

5 | 

1900 

| 2585 

40 

2824 

Gordon  

314 

590 

' 605 

5 | 

2035 

100 

j 2651 

35 

2989 

Gordon  Stray 

315 

2020 

69 

2605 

40 

2878 

5th  

316 



700 



i 490 

4 

2125 

150 

| 2798 

42 

3081 

5th  

317 

The  accompanying  table  is  very  convenient  for  ready 
reference  as  to  the  depth  and  thickness  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal, 
and  the  Big  Injun*  and  Gordon  sands,  but  it  is  of  great  im- 
portance that  the  complete  record  of  a number  of  these  wells 
be  given,  not  only  to  preserve  them  from  loss,  but  for  the 
large  fund  of  information  they  contain  as  to  the  presence  or 
absence  of  other  coal  beds,  as  well  as  other  oil  and  gas  hori- 
zons. The  accurate  location  of  any  tabulated  well  is  readily 
determined  by  its  serial  or  map  number  published  in  the  table 
and  with  the  heading  in  parentheses  when  the  complete  rec- 
ord is  given,  and  also  on  the  economic  geology  map  accom- 
panying this  report  in  a separate  cover. 


304  PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 

Oil  and  gas  have  been  produced  in  every  district  of  Dod- 
dridge county.  The  well  records  along  with  a discussion  of 
the  several  fields  and  their  relation  to  geologic  structure  will 
now  be  considered  by  magisterial  districts. 

McClellan  district. 

McClellan  district  occupies  the  northeastern  portion  of 
Doddridge  county,  and  adjoins  Tyler,  Wetzel,  and  Harrison 
counties.  A glance  at  the  structure  map  will  show  that  its 
area  is  traversed  in  a northeast-southwest  direction  by  three 
structural  folds ; viz.,  the  Arches  Fork  anticline,  and  the  Rob- 
inson and  Burchfield  synclines.  Hence,  the  strata  are  very 
much  warped,  giving  ideal  structural  conditions  for  the  segre- 
gation of  oil  and  gas  into  pools  of  commercial  value,  making 
this  district  the  richest  in  these  valuable  hydrocarbons  of  any 
other  in  the  county.  Along  the  crest  of  the  Arches  Fork  an- 
ticline and  a short  distance  down  the  slopes  there  occurs  a 
great  gas  field,  consisting  of  75  to  100  wells  within  the  bor- 
ders of  the  district.  In  the  southeast  part  of  the  district  we 
find  a Gordon  sand  pool  of  oil  in  the  Robinson  Basin,  consist- 
ing of  75  to  90  wells.  This  pool  conforms  to  the  anticlinal 
theory  of  the  accumulation  of  oil  and  gas,  since  the  Gordon 
sand  contains  no  water  in  this  portion  of  the  State.  The  same 
is  true  with  all  other  sands  below  the  Big  Injun  in  Doddridge 
and  western  Harrison  counties. 

Passing  to  the  western  slope  of  the  Arches  Fork  anti- 
cline in  this  district,  a pool  of  oil  is  found  in  the  Big  Injun 
sand  that  follows  closely  the  275  and  300-foot  structure  con- 
tours of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed  from  the  head  of  Beverlin 
fork  of  Talkington  fork  southwestward  to  the  Doddridge- 
Tyler  county  line.  Taking  up  these  gas  and  oil  pools  in  the 
order  mentioned,  there  will  now  be  given  the  logs  of  several 
wells  scattered  over  and  along  the  crest  of  th  Arches  Fork 
anticline : 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


305 


Smith  and  Robinson  No.  1 Well  Record  (1). 

Located  in  McClellan  District,  at  Heldreth.  Authority,  Carnegie 
Natural  Gas  Company.  Completed  Aug.  1,  1904. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  965'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  620  620 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 13  633 

Unrecorded  1324  1957 

Big  Injun  Sand 75  2032 

Unrecorded  568  2600 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Thirty-foot) 25  2625 

Unrecorded  33  2658 

Sand,  Fifty-foot?  (Gordon  Stray) 20  2678 

Unrecorded  4 2682 

Gordon  sand  (gas,  2696'  and  2710') 74  2756 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 38  2794 


10"  casing,  350';  8 }4"  casing,  1130';  5T35"  casing,  2081';  3"  tubing, 
2794'.  “Rock  pressure,  615  lbs.” 


The  identification  in  parentheses  are  by  the  writer.  The 
Gordon  sand  is  the  gas  horizon  in  this  well.  An  unusual 
thickness  of  sand — 74  feet — appears  at  this  horizon,  and  it  is 
possible  that  both  the  Gordon  Stray  and  Gordon  have 
coalesced. 


Ucal  Bates  No.  1941  Well  Record  (3). 


Located  in  McClellan  District,  3%  miles  northeast  of  Centerpoint. 
Authority,  Philadelphia  Company.  Completed  Nov.  15,  19o3. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  960'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  63  63 

Coal,  native,  (Washington) 2 65 

Unrecorded  485  550 

Coal,  Pittsburgh.  (Redstone) 5 555 

Unrecorded  570  1125 

Big  Dunkard  sand,  white,  hard 30  1155 

Unrecorded  95  1250 

Gas  sand,  white,  hard 30  1280 

Unrecorded  35  1315 

Sand,  Salt?  (w'ater,  1340') 45  1360 

Unrecorded  SO  1440 

Salt  sand,  white,  hard 20  1460 

Unrecorded  230  1690 

Maxton  sand,  white,  hard 25  1715 

Unrecorded  20  1735 

Little  lime 15  1750 

Unrecorded  75  1825 

Pencil  cave 8 1833 

Big  Lime 144  1977 

Big  Injun  sand 83  2060 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


HOG 


Thickness. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Unrecorded  

365 

2425 

Sand,  Fifty-foot?  (Gantz),  shells 

25 

2450 

Unrecorded  

2550 

Thirty-foot  sand,  lime  shells... 

10 

2560 

Unrecorded  

69 

2629 

Sand,  Stray,  white,  hard 

. . ) Gordon  

5 

2634 

Unrecorded  

. . J-  Stray  

8 

2642 

Sand,  Gordon?  white,  hard.... 

• • j ’ 

12 

2654 

Unrecorded  

30 

2684 

Sand,  Fourth?  (Gordon),  white, 

hard  (gas,  2695') . 

11 

2695 

Unrecorded  

130 

2825 

Fifth  sand,  white,  hard 

4 

2829 

Slate  to  bottom 

22 

2851 

The  drillers  have  erroneously  identified  the  gas  horizon 
as  the  Fourth  sand.  It  should  correlate  with  the  Gordon, 
as  the  latter  comes  720  to  800  feet  below  the  top  of  the  Big 
Injun.  The  coal  at  550  feet  apparently  represents  the  Red- 
stone and  not  the  Pittsburgh  bed,  since  the  latter,  according 
to  the  J.  Hudson  diamond  cb  ill  boring  (See  Sedalia  section, 
page  70)  comes  520  to  525  feet  below  the  Washington  coal. 
The  well  is  just  west  of  the  line  where  the  Pittsburgh  coal  as 
a merchantable  bed  disappears. 

Josiah  Davisson  No.  1 Well  Record  (4). 

Located  in  McClellan  District,  21/4miles  northeast  of  Centerpoint. 
Authority,  G.  M.  Allender. 

Thickness.  TotaJ. 


(Elevation,  880',  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  535  535 

Coal,  Pittsburgh?  (Littie  Pittsburgh) 1 536 

Unrecorded  479  1015 

Big  Dunkard  sand 36  1051 

Unrecorded  159  1210 

Gas  sand  (Salt  water,  8 bailers  per  hour,  at  1232') 70  1280 

Unrecorded  25  1305 

Sand,  Salt?  (Second  Cow  Run) 65  1370 

Unrecorded  350  1720 

Little  Lime 13  1733 

Unrecorded  27  1760 

Big  Lime 62  1822 

Big  Injun  sand  (water,  1837') 130  1952 

Unrecorded  (no  sands  regular) 603  2555 

Gordon  Stray  sand 20  2575 

Unrecorded  27  2602 

Gordon  sand  (gas,  2607') 17  2619 

Unrecorded  10  2629 

Fourth  sand  5 2634 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 209  2843 


10"  casing,  204';  8*4"  casing,  1037';  6%"  casing,  1778'. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


30? 


The  well  starts  40  to  50  feet  below  the  crop  of  the  Wash- 
ington coal ; hence,  the  one  foot  of  coal  at  535  feet  in  the  well 
correlates  with  the  Little  Pittsburgh  and  not  the  Pittsburgh 
as  given  by  the  driller.  The  latter,  as  in  the  Bates  well  (3), 
is  evidently  absent  as  a minable  bed. 

A.  J.  Ashcraft  No.  1 Well  Record  (6). 


Located  in  McClellan  District, 

1.5  miles  southwest  of 

Rinehart. 

Authority,  Carnegie  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Completed  Feb. 

26,  1905. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  1240'  B-A.  T.) 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Unrecorded  

962 

962 

Pittsburgh  coal  and  unrecorded.... 

1276 

2238 

Big  Injun  sand 

94 

2332 

Unrecorded  

2790 

Fifty-foot  sand  

30 

2820 

Unrecorded  

150 

2970 

Sand,  Gordon  Stray  (and  Gordon), 

gas 

70 

3040 

Unrecorded  

45 

3085 

Sand,  Gordon?  (Fourth)  and  unrecorded  to  bottom 15  3100 

10"  casing,  180';  sii"  casing,  1435';  6%"  casing,  2340';  4"  casing, 
3100'.  Packed  143'  from  bottom. 


Pressure  test  in  4"  tubing: 


1st  y2  minute 275  lbs. 

1st  minute 360  lbs. 

2nd  minute 400  lbs. 


3rd  minute 410  lbs. 

4th  minute 415  lbs. 

Rock  pressure 700  lbs. 


The  70  feet  of  sand  at  2970  feet,  most  probably  represents 
both  the  Stray  and  Gordon,  since  the  interval — 847  feet — from 
the  top  of  the  Big  Injun  to  the  top  of  the  sand  at  3085  feet 
is  apparently  too  great  for  the  Gordon. 


Geo.  Ashcraft  No.  1 Well  Record  (8). 

Located  in  McClellan  District,  2.5  miles  southwest  of  Rinehart. 
Authority,  Hope  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  930'  L.A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1857  1857 

Big  Injun  sand 83  1940 

Unrecorded  666  2606 

Gordon  sand  (gas) 24  2630 

Unrecorded  (gas  in  Fourth  sand) 36  2666 

Fifth  sand  (gas) 11  2677 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 46  2723 


308 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


The  well  starts  505  feet  above  the  Pittsburgh  coal  hori- 
zon. The  depth  to  and  thickness  of  the  latter  coal  as  well  as 
other  coals,  were  purposely  omitted  from  a number  of  the  logs 
furnished  the  Survey  by  the  Hope  Natural  Gas  Company,  the 
Reserve  Gas  Company,  and  the  South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Luther  E.  Kyle  No.  1 Well  Record  (9). 

Located  in  McClellan  District,  1 % miles  south  of  Heldreth.  Au- 
thority, Philadelphia  Company.  m 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  960'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  237  237 

Sand  (Carroll)  (Uniontown)  (little  gas) 13  250 

Unrecorded  290  540 

Pittsburgh  coal 6 546 

Unrecorded  109  655 

Sand,  Murphy?  (Minshall) 28  683 

Unrecorded  242  925 

Little  Dunkard  sand 103  1028 

Unrecorded  28  1056 

Big  Dunkard  sand 49  1105 

Unrecorded  30  1135 

Gas  sand 45  1180 

Unrecorded  112  1292 

Sand,  Salt?  (il  Cow  Run) 48  1340 

Unrecorded  222  1562 

Maxton  sand 95  1657 

Unrecorded  23  1680 

Little  lime 18  1698 

Pencil  cavte 12  1710 

Unrecorded  60  1770 

Big  Lime 78  1848 

Slate  3 1851 

Lime  35  1886 

Big  Injun  sand  (little  gas,  1896') 68  1954 

Unrecorded  120  2074 

Sand,  Berea 138  2212 

Unrecorded  228  2440 

Fifty-foot  sand 10  2450 

Unrecorded  75  2525 

Thirty-foot  sand 35  2560 

Unrecorded  28  2588 

Gordon  Stray  sand 30  2618 

Unrecorded  7 2625 

Gordon  sand  (gas,  2646'  and  2661') 36  2661 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 28  . 2689 

This  is  a very  interesting  record,  in  that  a light  flow  of 
gas  was  encountered  in  the  Carroll  (Uniontown  sandstone) 
sand,  coming  290  feet  above  the  Pittsburgh  coal,  the  only  one 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


309 


observed  in  the  two  counties.  The  well  had  an  initial  volume 
of  7 million  cubic  feet  of  gas  daily  from  the  Gordon  sand. 
The  well  is  located  on  the  flattened  crest  of  the  Arches  Fork 
anticline,  to  which  structural  feature  it  no  doubt  owes  its 
large  volume. 

Other  gas  wells  in  the  Gordon  Stray,  Gordon,  and  Big 
Injun  sands  on  Sycamore  fork  that  are  tabulated  are  the 
Caleb  Ashcraft  No.  1 (11),  W.  J.  Booher  No.  1 (12),  and  D. 
L.  Swiger  No.  1 (13). 

The  two  following  records  are  from  gas  wells  in  the 
Fourth  and  Gordon  sands,  located  on  Pike  fork  on  the  eastern 
slope  of  the  anticline : 


A.  C.  Bollouz  No.  1 Well  Record  (14). 


Located  in  McClellan  District,  2*4  miles  east  of  Centerpoint. 
Authority,  Wheeling  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation  = 950'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  526  526 

Pittsburgh  coal 12  538 

Unrecorded  423  961 

Little  Dunkard  sand 11  972 

Unrecorded  63  1035 

Big  Dunkard  sand 105  1140 

Unrecorded  60  1200 

Gas  sand 50  1250 

Unrecorded  30  1280 

Sand,  Salt  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt) 180  1460 

Unrecorded  268  1728 

Little  lime 37  1765 

Unrecorded  15  1780 

Big  Lime 90  1870 

Big  Injun  sand  (small  gas  show,  1965') 100  1970 

Unrecorded  598  2568 

Boulder  sand  (Thirty-foot) 14  2582 

Unrecorded  5 2587 

Stray  sand 16  2603 

Unrecorded  47  2650 

Gordon  sand 11  2661 

Unrecorded  8 2669 

Fourth  sand  (fair  gas  pay,  2673') 10  2679 

Slate,  lime  and  shale  to  bottom 450  3129 

“Filled  up  to  2681'  and  shot  Nov.  17,  1905,  with  40  quarts.  Top 
of  shot,  2669';  boftom,  2679';  Anchor,  2 ft.  Small  increase  of  gas.” 


310 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


S.  Frum  No.  153  Well  Record  (16). 

Located  in  McClellan  District,  1%  miles  north  of  Sedalia.  Au- 
thority, .Wheeling  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  885'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  510  510 

Pittsburgh  coal  and  unrecorded 785  1295 

Salt  sand  (water)  and  unrecorded 463  1758 

Big  Lime 60  1818 

Big  Injun  sand 108  1920 

Unrecorded  494  2420 

Fifty-foot  sand  and  unrecorded 75  2495 

Thirty-foot  sand  and  unrecorded 69  2564 

Gordon  Stray  sand 36  2600 

Gordon  sand  (gas  2600'-2615')  to  bottom,  and  not  drilled 

through 15  2615 

“7,000,000  cu.  ft.  gasser  in  Gordon  sand.” 


The  three  following  records  are  from  gas  wells  located  on 
the  eastern  flank  of  the  Arches  Fork  anticline  on  Robinson 
fork  in  the  Sedalia  region.  Here  the  gas  horizons  are  the  Big 
Injun,  Gordon  Stray,  Gordon,  and  Fourth  sands: 


Nancy  Smith  No.  1 Well  Record  (20). 


Located  in  McClellan  District,  1%  mile  northwest  of  Sedalia. 
Authority,  Philadelphia  Company. 


(Elevation,  860'  B-A.  T.) 

Gravel  

Sand,  gray,  (Waynesburg) 

Sand,  gray 

Slate,  gray 

Native  coal,  (Lower  Uniontown) 

Slate,  white 

Lime  

Slate,  white 

Lime  

Slate,  gray 

Lime  

Slate,  gray 

Lime,  blue 

Lime  

Slate,  gray..-* 

Pittsburgh  coal 

Lime  

Sand,  gray  (Lower  Pittsburgh) . 

Slate,  gray 

Red  rock 

Sand,  gray 

Slate,  gray 

Lime  


Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

. ...  10  10 

50  60 

. ...  147  207 

. ...  14  221 

2 223 

. ...  12  235 

. . . . 47  282 

. . . . 5 287 

. ...  43  330 

5 335 

. ...  42  377 

15  392 

. ...  43  435 

. . . . 20  455 

. ...  15  470 

8 478 

....20  498 

. . . . 47  545 

....  30  575 

....15  590 

. ...  10  600 

. ...  50  650 

....  43  693 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


311 


Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

Red  rock 29  722 

Slate,  white 93  815 

Red  rock  (Pittsburgh) 20  835 

Lime  10  845 

Slate,  white 55  900 

Lime  25  925 

Slate,  white 40  965 

Slate,  black 35  1000 

Lime  15  1015 

Sand,  white  (Big  Dunkard) 65  1080 

Slate,  pink 10  1090 

Sand,  gray  (Upper  Freeport) 25  1115 

Shale,  black 43  1158 

Sand,  white 28  1186 

Shale,  black 64  1250 

Sand,  white  (“Gas”) 85  1335 

Shale,  black 15  1350 

Lime,  black  “Gas  sand”? 5 1355 

Sand,  First  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run) 63  1418 

Slate,  black 20  1438 

Sand,  Salt 47  1485 

Shale,  black 35  1520 

Sand,  Salt 20  1540 

Slate,  black 10  1550 

Sand,  gray 35  1585 

Slate,  black 15  1600 

Lime,  blue 58  1658 

Red  rock 42  1700 

Slate,  white 5 1705 

Lime  15  1720 

Slate,  white 34  1754 

Big  Lime 77  1831 

Big  Injun  sand,  hard 99  1930 

Slate,  gray 124  2054 

Squaw  sand 77  2131 

Slate,  gray 166  2297 

Lime,  blue 23  2320 

Slate,  gray 30  2350 

Fifty-foot  sand,  black 45  2395 

Slate,  gray 95  2490 

Sand,  Stray 5 2495 

Slate,  white 15  2510 

Sand,  white 5 2515 

Slate,  pink 15  2530 

Gordon  sand,  white  and  hard 16  2546 

Slate  and  shells 80  2626 

Fourth  sand  (gas,  2627') 17  2643 

Slate,  black 7 2650 

Sand  15  - 2665 

Slate,  gray 55  2720 

Sand  6 2726 

Slate  to  bottom 136  2862 


312 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


The  well  starts  50  feet  below  the  crop  of  the  Washington 
coal.  The  log  is  very  complete  and  includes  in  the  top  por- 
tion 90  to  100  feet  of  the  Dunkard  series. 


S.  T.  Tate  No.  1 Well  Record  (24). 

Located  in  McClellan  District,  one-third  mile  west  of  Sedalia. 
Authority,  Eastern  Oil  Company.  Completed  August  27,  1897. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  840'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1845  1845 

Big  Injun  sand  (little  gas,  1905';  enough  to  run  boiler, 

1945')  140  1985 

Unrecorded  605  2590 

Gordon  sand  (gas,  2590';  2600')  and  unrecorded  to  bot- 
tom   295  2885 

10"  casing,  225';  814"  casing  1197';  6%"  casing,  2130'. 


The  well  starts  20  feet  below  the  Washington  coal,  and  is 
reported  to  be  one  of  the  best  gas  wells  in  the  field.  Its  pro- 
duction is  mostly  from  the  Gordon,  the  same  having  an 
initial  rock  pressure  of  800  to  900  pounds  to  the  square  inch. 


Catharine  Tate  No.  1 Well  Record  (25). 


Located  in  McClellan  District,  at  Sedalia.  Authority,  Carnegie 
Natural  Gas  Company.  Completed  July  11,  1905. 

Thickness.  Total. 


Feet  Feet. 

Unrecorded  558  558 

Pittsburgh  coal 10  568 

Unrecorded  1292  1860 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1890';  320  lbs.  rock  pressure).....  125  1985 

Unrecorded  515  2500 

Gantz  sand  and  unrecorded 25  2525 

Fifty-foot  sand 20  2545 

Unrecorded  77  2622 

Gordon  Stray  sand  (gas,  2625')  and  unrecorded 45  2667 

Gordon  sand  (gas,  2670') 13  2680 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 9 2689 

“Steel  line  measurement  to  sands.” 
y2  minute  pressure,  280  lbs.  per  sq.  inch. 

1 minute  pressure,  320  lbs.  per  sq.  inch. 

2 minute  pressure,  340  lbs.  per  sq.  inch. 

Rock  pressure,  380  lbs.  per  sq,  inch. 


The  well  starts  flush  with  the  base  of  the  Washington 
coal.  The  pressure  tests  are  probably  from  the  gas  struck  in 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


313 


the  Big  Injun,  since  rock  pressure  for  the  Gordon  Stray  and 
Gordon  in  this  region  should  be  double  that  given  above. 

The  following  record  of  one  of  the  largest  gas  wells  ever 
struck  in  the  State  is  taken  from  pages  326-327  of  Volume  I 
(Edition  exhausted)  of  the  State  Survey  reports : 

Camden  Heirs  No.  1 Well  Record  (28). 


Located  in  McClellan  District,  one-half  mile  southwest  of  Cascara. 
Authority,  Carter  Oil  Company.  Completed  in  November,  1898. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  975'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  715  715 

Pittsburgh  coal  and  unrecorded  (cave  at  805') 349  1064 

Little  Dunkard  sand  and  unrecorded 536  1600 

Salt  sand  and  unrecorded 175  1775 

Maxton  sand  and  unrecorded 190  1965 

Big  Lime 75  2040 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas) 102  2142 

Unrecorded  627  2769 


Sand,  Thirty-foot?  (very  large  gasser),  Gordon  Stray.  ...  31  2800 

“Mr.  Aspinwall  adds,  ‘The  rock  pressure  was  about  900  lbs.,  but 
the  volume  was  not  obtained  since  it  was  so  great  that  the  mercury 
was  blown  out  of  the  gauge.’  ” 

At  the  time  of  the  publication  of  Volume  I,  mentioned 
above,  it  was  thought  that  this  great  gas  horizon  represented 
the  Thirty-foot,  but  later  developments  prove  it  to  be  the 
Gordon  Stray  sand.  The  production  of  this  well  has  been 
enormous,  since  for  a while  it  supplied  the  Carter  Oil  Com- 
pany with  sufficient  fuel  to  operate  nearly  all  its  wells  in  the 
State,  while  at • the  same  time  a large  portion  of  its  produc- 
tion was  blowing  off  with  a deafening  noise  through  a safety 
valve.  A pressure  test  under  these  conditions  exhibited  over 
700  pounds  to  the  square  inch. 

For  the  logs  of  the  E.  Stringer  Boggess  No.  1 well  (22), 
located  one  mile  west  of  Sedalia,  and  the  H.  J.  Shahan  No. 
1 well  (27),  located  one  mile  northwest  of  Cascara,  the  read- 
er is  referred  to  Vol.  1(A)  of  the  State  Survey  reports,  pages 
282-283.  The  first  is  a gasser  in  the  Big  Injun  sand,  and  the 
latter  a gasser  in  both  the  Big  Injun  and  Gordon  sands.  The 
Shahan  well  (27)  also  had  a showing  of  oil  in  the  former 
■sand. 

Westward  to  the  crest  of  the  Arches  Fork  anticline,  sev- 


314 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


eral  good  gas  wells  in  the  Big  Injun  sand  are  found  on  the 
waters  of  Big  Battle.  The  following  is  a record  of  one  of 
these  wells : 


C.  W.  Davisson  No.  1 Well  Record  (28A). 

Located  in  McClellan  District,  % mile  north  of  Big  Battle.  Au- 
thority, Philadelphia  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  890'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  220  220 

Coal,  (Uniontown) 6 226 

Unrecorded  271  497 

Pittsburgh  coal 9 506 

Unrecorded  40  546 

Sand,  Hurry-Up  (Lower  Pittsburgh) 7 553 

Unrecorded  342  895 

Little  Dunkard  sand 10  905 

Unrecorded  96  1001 

Big  Dunkard  sand 85  1086 

Unrecorded  67  1153 

Gas  sand 57  1210 

Unrecorded  98  1308 

First  Salt  sand 20  1323 

Unrecorded  70  1393 

Second  Salt  sand 25  1423 

Unrecorded  274  1697 

Maxton  sand 10  1707 

Unrecorded  42  1749 

Little  lime 25  1774 

Pencil  cave 15  1789 

Big  Lime 64  1853 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas) 108  1961 

Unrecorded  12  1973 

Squaw  sand 32  2005 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 2 2007 


10"  casing,  605';  S1/^"  casing,  1021';  6%"  casing,  1830'. 
Rock  pressure,  600  lbs.  per  sq.  inch. 


As  mentioned  on  a preceding  page,  the  sands  below  the 
Big  Injun  contain  no  water  in  this  portion  of  the  State; 
hence,  as  should  be  expected,  a Gordon  sand  oil  pool  occurs 
in  the  synclinal  basin  next  on  the  southeast  from  the  great 
gas  pool  at  this  horizon,  just  described,  in  McClellan  district, 
since  nothing  prevents  the  oil  from  passing  down  merely  by 
the  force  of  gravity  into  the  Robinson  Basin  which  traverses 
the  southeast  border  of  the  latter  area.  The  three  following 
records,  taken  from  pages  283,  284,  and  286  of  Vol.  1(A)  of 
the  State  Survey  reports,  give  interesting  data  as  to  the  thick- 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


315 


ness  and  relative  position  of  the  several  sands  in  the  northern 
portion  of  the  pool  within  this  district : 


George  Frum  No.  1 Well  Record  (34). 


Located  in  McClelian  District,  1.4  miles  northeast  of  Sedalia. 
Authority,  Carter  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1220'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  964  964 

Pittsburgh  coal 11  975 

Unrecorded  225  1200 

Cave  95  1295 

Unrecorded  102  1397 

Sand,  Cow  Run  (I  Cow  Run) 75  1472 

Unrecorded  369  1841 

Salt  sand 119  1960 

Unrecorded  233  2197 

Big  Lime 50  2247 

Big  Injun  sand 91  2338 

Unrecorded  380  2718 

Berea  sand 18  2736 

Unrecorded  204  2940 

Sand,  (Thirty-foot) 20  2960 

Unrecorded  ; 49  3009 

Gordon  Stray  sand 35  3046 

Unrecorded  17  3063 

Gordon  sand  (oil,  3076') 17  3080 

Unrecorded  to  bottom  (no  Fifth  sand) 215  3295 


No  record  was  obtained  as  to  the  initial  production  of 
these  Gordon  sand  wells,  but  they  ranged  from  5 to  100  bar- 
rels daily.  The  log  shows  the  absence  of  the  Fifth  sand  in 
this  locality  and  is  evidence  of  its  lenticular  character,  the 
latter  feature  no  doubt  in  a great  measure  accounting  for  the 
presence  of  the  Fifth  sand  oil  pool  at  so  high  a structural 
level  in  the  vicinity  of  Wolf  Summit  and  Jarvisville,  Harri- 
son county.  Of  course,  it  follows  that  if  the  sand  was  regu- 
lar and  porous  northwestward  from  the  latter  region  to  the 
eastern  portion  of  McClellan  district  (Doddridge),  the  oil, 
owing  to  the  absence  of  water  at  this  horizon,  would  gravi- 
tate to  the  low  point  of  the  Robinson  syncline,  as  has  hap- 
pened with  the  Gordon  sand. 


316 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Eliza  J.  Webb  No.  2 Well  Record  (36). 


Located  in  McClellan  District,  1%  miles  north  70°  east  of  Sedalia. 
Authority,  Carter  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  940'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  970  970 

Pittsburgh  coal 10  980 

Unrecorded  310  1290 

Cave 200  1490 

Unrecorded  10  1500 

Sand,  Cow  Run?  (Big  Dunkard) 50  1550 

Unrecorded  270  1820 

Sand,  Salt  (II  Cow  Run) 76  1896 

Unrecorded  154  2050 

Sand,  Maxton?  (Salt) 40  2090 

Unrecorded  118  2208 

Big  Lime 90  2298 

Unrecorded  12  2310 

Big  Injun  sand 70  2380 

Unrecorded  610  2990 

Gordon  Stray  sand  (oil,  3025  ) 40  3030 

Unrecorded  17  3047 

Gordon  sand 12  3069 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 6 3075 


This  well  is  an  exception,  in  that  the  oil  pay  was  en- 
countered in  the  Gordon  Stray  sand,  while  the  Gordon  is 
apparently  dry.  As  a rule  in  this  field  a gas  pay  is  usually 
struck  at  the  former  horizon  as  will  be  observed  in  the  fol- 
lowing record : 


S.  Stark  No.  6 Well  Record  (37). 


Located  in  McClellan  District,  1.2  miles  north  80°  east  of  Sedalia. 
Authority,  South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1200'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  980  980 

Pittsburgh  coal  and  unrecorded 445  1425 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 35  1460 

Unrecorded  75  1535 

Big  Dunkard  sand 55  1590 

Unrecorded  225  1815 

Sand,  “Gas”?  (Second  Cow  Run) 75  1890 

Unrecorded  85  1975 

Salt  sand 35  2010 

Unrecorded  50  2060 

Maxton  sand 40  2100 

Unrecorded  70  2170 

Little  lime 50  2220 

Unrecorded  10  2230 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


317 


Thickness.  Total. 


Feet.  Feet. 

Big  Lime 55  2285 

Big  Injun  sand 115  2400 

Unrecorded  450  2850 

Fifty-foot  sand 25  2875 

Unrecorded  121  2996 

Gordon  Stray  sand  (gas,  2998',  3014') 47  3043 

Unrecorded  24  3067 

Gordon  sand  (oil,  3072') 20  3087 


The  following  is  a list  of  wells  in  this  Gordon  sand  oil 
pool  in  McClellan  district,  the  complete  logs  of  which  are 
published  on  the  pages  indicated  of  Vol.  1(A)  of  the  State 
Survey  reports.  A summarized  record  of  the  same  wells  is 
given  in  the  table  of  wells  for  Doddridge  county. 


Map 

No. 

Name  of  Well. 

Page  of 

Location  | Vol.  1(A). 

38 

39 
43 
47 

F.  J.  Bartlett  No.  1 

1.5  miles  N.  E.  of  Sedalia  287 

1.4  miles  E.  of  Sedalia..  | 287 

1.6  miles  S.  E.  of  Sedalia  288 

0.7  mile  S.  E.  of  Cascara|  284 

E.  E.  Smith  No.  1 

Jamison  Hutson  No.  1 

I.  N.  RiffeC  No.  2 

The  three  following  records  are  from  other  wells  in  this 
Gordon  oil  pool  in  McClellan : 


C.  Stark  No.  1 Well  Record  (49). 


Location  in  McClellan  District,  one  mile  east  of  Sedalia.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  920'  BA*  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  700  700 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 10  710 

Unrecorded  507  1217 

Big  Dunkard  sand 99  1316 

Unrecorded  634  1950 

Big  Lime 50  2000 

Big  Injun  sand 105  2105 

Unrecorded  480  2585 

Fifty-foot  sand 5 2590 

Unrecorded  60  2650 

Thirty-foot  sand 30  2680 

Unrecorded  45  2725 

Gordon  Stray  sand 32  2757 

Unrecorded  25  2782 

Gordon  sand 19  2801 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 1 2802 


318 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


C.  D.  Bartlett  No.  1 Well  Record  (40). 


Located  in  McClellan  District,  1%  miles  east  of  Sedalia.  Author- 
ity,  South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total, 


(Elevation,  1160'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  970  970 

Pittsburgh  coal 6 976 

Unrecorded  394  1370 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run)  80  1450 

Unrecorded  270  1720 

Gas  sand 25  1745 

Unrecorded  395  2140 

Maxton  sand 25  2165 

Unrecorded  60  2225 

Big  Lime 56  2281 

Big  Injun  sand... 94  2375 

Unrecorded  445  2820 

Fifty-foot  sand  (shells)  and  unrecorded 100  2920 

Thirty-foot  sand 35  2955 

Unrecorded  46  3001 

Gordon  Stray  sand 30  3031 

Unrecorded  18  3049 

Gordon  sand 19  3068 

Unrecorded  \.  40  3108 


I.  N.  Riffee  No.  1 Well  Record  (46). 


Located  in  McClellan  District,  0.6  mile  east  of  Cascara.  Author- 
ity, Carter  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  775'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  775  775 

Pittsburgh  coal,  good 10  785 

Unrecorded  115  900 

Cave  390  1290 

Sand,  Cow  Run?  (Big  Dunkard) 4 1294 

Unrecorded  331  1625 

Salt  sand,  shelly  (water,  1670') 150  1775 

Unrecorded  65  1840 

Sand,  Maxton?  hard  (Second  Salt) 20  1860 

Unrecorded  120  1980 

Cave  30  2010 

Big  Lime,  sandy 65  2075 

Big  Injun  sand,  very  hard,  (gas,  2075') 90  2165 

Unrecorded  250  2415 

Berea  Grit 15  2430 

Unrecorded  350  2780 

Gordon  Stray 20  2800 

Unrecorded  2 2802 

Gordon  sand  (oil,  2802';  2810') 15  2817 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 36  2853 

10"  casing,  316';  8"  casing,  1292';  6%"  casing,  2031';  5&"  casing, 
206iy2\ 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


319 


A light  gas  pay  was  struck  in  the  Big  Injun  sand,  but  the 
well  is  too  close  to  the  axis  of  the  Robinson  syncline  to  ex- 
pect a paying  gas  well  at  any  horizon. 

Passing  to  the  western  slope  of  the  Arches  Fork  anticline 
in  McClellan  district,  a great  oil  pool  in  the  Big  Injun  sand 
is  found  extending  entirely  across  the  latter  area.  This  field 
is  merely  an  extension  of  the  Arches  Fork  field  of  Wetzel 
county,  and  was  the  earliest  opened  in  Doddridge  county. 
The  record  of  the  first  well  in  the  field  and  also  the  first  oil 
well  in  the  county,  drilled  on  the  Sullivan  Heirs  farm  early 
in  1892,  is  given  in  connection  with  the  section  for  Center- 
point,  page  72.  Taking  up  the  development  of  this  oil  pool 
from  the  Tyler-Doddridge  county  line  southwestward,  the 
following  is  the  record  of  a well  on  the  dividing  ridge  on  the 
extreme  head  of  Beverlin  fork : 


J.  B.  Dewhurst  No.  1 Well  Record  (50). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  Wetzel  County,  0.9  mile  S.  15°  W.  of 
Arches.  Authority,  South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1330'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1530  1530 

Sand,  Dunkard?  (I  Cow  Run) 12  1542 

Slate  and  shells 123  1665 

Gas?  sand  (Burning  Springs) 45  1710 

Slate  and  shells 80  1790 

Sand,  Salt?  (Gas,  II  Cow  Run  and  Salt) 245  2035 

Break  30  2065 

Unrecorded  35  2100 

Salt  sand 30  2130 

Red  rock 125  2255 

Slate  80  2335 

White  lime , 55  2390 

Black  sand,  (Keener) 20  2410 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  2462';  oil,  2478') 87  2497 

Slate  to  bottom 10  2507 


The  Pittsburgh  coal  was  not  recorded  and  is  probably 
absent,  since,  owing  to  its  importance  as  a key  rock,  it  is  al- 
ways noted  in  the  driller’s  log.  Its  horizon  belongs  at  about 
1060  feet  in  the  well. 

Meagre  records  of  the  following  wells  in  this  pool  are 
given  in  the  table  for  Doddridge  county:  J.  B.  Dewhurst 

No.  18  (51),  Emeline  Snodgrass  No.  1 (56),  Sydney 


320 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Joseph  Nos.  1 and  2 (58  and  59),  Jos.  Underwood  No.  1 
(63),  and  Geo.  Cumberledge  No.  2 (68).  None  of  the  well 
records  gives  any  data  as  to  initial  production. 

The  two  following  records,  though  very  incomplete,  con- 
vey information  as  to  the  depth  the  oil  and  gas  pays  were 
encountered : 


M.  J.  Yeater  No.  1 Well  Record  (62). 


Located  in  McClellan  District,  1.5  miles  north  of  Centerpoint. 
Authority,  South  Penn  Oil  Company. 


Thickness. 

Total. 

(Elevation,  845'  B-A.  T.) 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Unrecorded  

1920 

1920 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1930',  1950'; 

oil,  2004')  and  unre- 

corded  to  bottom 

112 

2032 

Lowndes  and  Hart  No.  11  Well  Record  (65). 


Located  in  McClellan  District,  1.5  miles  northeast  of  Centerpoint. 
Authority,  South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  Aug.  6,  1895. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  975'  B-A.  T.)  . Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  660  660 

Pittsburgh  coal  and  unrecorded 1350  2010 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  2101';  oil,  2110')  and  unrecorded..  129  2139 

Conductor,  18';  10"  casing,  185';  8^4"  casing,  1256';  6%"  casing, 
1630;  5iV'  casing,  439'. 

Shot  July  25,  1896,  16  quarts.  Top  of  shot,  2106'. 


The  three  following  records  of  wells  in  this  field  were 
published  on  pages  331  and  329  of  Vol.  I of  the  State  Sur- 
vey reports,  respectively.  The  edition  of  the  latter  report  is 
exhausted,  and  since  they  contain  much  more  detail  than  was 
possible  in  later  wells,  they  are  here  re-published : 


George  Cumberledge  No.  1 Well  Record  (67). 

Located  in  McClellan  District,  one-fourth  mile  southeast  of  Cen- 
terpoint. Authority,  South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  795'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Conductor  36  36 

Limestone  30  66 

Slate  20  86 

Limestone  and  slate 180  266 

Limestone  (?)  Pittsburgh  coal  at  bottom 174  440 


PLATE  IX. — Stout  Oil  Field  and  Farm  on  which  First  Well  was  drilled. 
Another  view  of  the  Topography  of  the  Dunkard  series. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


321 


Thickness.  Total. 


Feet. 

Limestone  and  sand  (water)  25 

Slate,  black 50 

Red  rock 35 

Slate  180 

Red  rock 250 

Big  Dunkard  sand 35 

Slate  40 

Sand,  Lower  Freeport  (Gas  sand)  (water) 150 

Slate  90 

Sand,  Salt  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt) 221 

Red  rock  and  limestone 203 

Pencil  slate  and  limestone  (Mountain)  (Big  Lime) 68 

Big  Injun  sand  (oil,  1789';  gas,  1865') 113 

Slate,  black 34 

Sand,  black  and  gray 25 

Slate  50 

Sand,  black  (Squaw) 100 

Slate  25 

Limestone  35 

Sand,  gray  (Berea) 41 

Slate  and  shells 90 

Sand,  black,  Gantz 45 

Slate  10 

Sand,  hard,  gray,  Fifty-foot 20 

Slate  and  sand  shells 116 

Red  sand,  (Thirty-foot) 15 

Slate  and  shells 55 

Sand,  white,  Thirty-foot.  (Gordon  Stray)  (gas,  2561')..  10 

Slate  40 

Slate  and  limy  shells  to  bottom 269 


10"  casing,  266';  8^4"  casing,  1000';  6%"  casing,  1200';  5^ 
ing,  1788'. 


Feet. 
465 
515 
550 
730 
980 
1015 
1055 
1205 
1295 
1516 
1719 
1787 
1900 
1934 
1959 
2009 
2109 
2134 
2169 
2210 
2300 
2345 
2355 
2375 
2491 
2506 
2561 
2571 
2611 
2880 
" cas- 


The  well  starts  95  to  100  feet  below  the  Washington 
coal  bed. 


Mahala  Sweeney  No.  1 Well  Record  (73). 


Located  in  McClellan  District,  1%  miles  N.  80°  W.  of  Center- 
point.  Authority,  South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  in  1894. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  765'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Rock  29  29 

Red  rock 31  60 

Slate  29  89 

Sand,  Gilboy 15  104 

Red  rock 27  131 

Slate  21  152 

Limestone  (trace  of  coal,  Uniontown) 33  185 

Sand  35  220 

Unrecorded  88  308 

Slate  and  shells 106  4 14 

Coal,  (Sewickley) 3 417 

Slate  35  452 


322 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Limestone  

Coal,  Pittsburgh 

Slate  

Sand,  (Lower  Pittsburgh) 

Slate  

Sand,  (Minshall) 

Limestone  

Red  rock 

Limestone  

Red  rock 

Limestone  

Slate  

Limestone  

Slate  

Limestone  

Sand,  Dunkard?  Mahoning  (Burning  Springs) 


Slate  

Sand  

Limestone  

Gas  sand  (Freeport) 

Slate  

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run) 90'  ] 

Slate  15  | 

Sand,  (Salt) 104  j- 

Slate  and  shell 64  | 

Sand  10  I 


Limestone  

Red  rock 

Limestone  

Slate  

Limestone  

Slate,  Pencil 1 

Limestone,  Mountain  (Big  Lime) 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas  and  oil,  1832';  break,  1903'; 

1911';  first  pay,  1924';  salt  water,  1929') 


Thickness.  Total. 


Feet. 

Feet. 

21 

473 

4 

477 

13 

490 

78 

568 

32 

600 

28 

628 

67 

695 

24 

719 

25 

744 

83 

827 

48 

875 

26 

901 

64 

965 

15 

980 

85 

1065 

84 

1149 

14 

1163 

21 

1184 

16 

1200 

66 

1266 

35 

1301 

283 

1584 

56 

1640 

32 

1672 

39 

1711 

3 

1714 

30 

1744 

4 

1748 

69 

1817 

112 

1929 

The  well  starts  50  below  the  Washington  coal  bed.  Three 
coals  are  recorded  in  the  well.  The  interval  between  the 
Sewickley  and  Pittsburgh  coals — 56  feet — appears  short  as 
compared  to  the  same  interval  (77  feet)  in  the  J.  Hudson 
diamond  drill  boring  (21)  used  in  connection  with  the  Seda- 
lia  section,  page  70. 

The  detailed  log  of  the  Samuel  Collins  No.  3 well  (70), 
located  0.7  mile  west  of  Centerpoint,  on  the  south  bank  of 
McElroy  creek,  is  published  on  pages  281-282  of  Vol.  1(A) 
of  the  State  Survey  reports.  The  well  starts  60  feet  below 
the  Washington  coal;  hence,  the  3 feet  of  coal  at  168  feet 
correlates  with  the  Uniontown. 

After  crossing  McElroy  creek,  this  Big  Injun  sand  oil 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


323 


pool  swerves  more  to  the  west  as  do  also  the  structure  con- 
tours of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  (See  map  accompanying  this 
report),  and  at  Ashley  it  has  almost  doubled  its  width  to  the 
northeast  of  Centerpoint.  The  following  records  are  from 
a well  on  Riggins  run,  and  another  at  the  mouth  of  Ralphs 
run,  both  producing  oil  from  the  Big  Injun  sand: 


J.  H.  Ash  No.  1 Well  Record  (75). 


Located  in  McCleLan  District,  1%  miles  south  of  Ashley.  Author- 
ity, South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  in  1895. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  800'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1100  1100 

Sand,  Dunkard?  (Moundsville)  and  unrecorded 845  1945 

Big  Injun  sand  (oft) 113  2058 

Unrecorded  612  2670 

Gordon  sand 20  2690 

Slate  48  2738 

Hard  sand  (Fourth) 3 2741 

Slate  to  bottom 167  2908 


The  well  starts  35  feet,  hand-level  measurement,  below 
the  Washington  coal ; hence,  the  Pittsburgh  coal  horizon  be- 
longs at  485  feet  in  the  well. 


Israel  Allen  No.  1 Well  Record  (79). 

Located  in  McClellan  District,  1.1  miles  east  of  Eagle  Mills.  Au- 
thority, Jennings  Oil  Company.  Completed  June  1,  1897. 


Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  748'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  500  500 

Coal,  Pittsburgh?  (Redstone)  and  unrecorded 1319  1819 

Big  Injun  sand  (first  show  of  black  oil,  1837';  good 

pay,  1847')  and  unrecorded  to  bottom 116  1935 

6%"  casing,  1740'. 


The  well  starts  flush  with  the  base  of  the  Washington 
coal ; hence,  the  coal  recorded  at  500  feet  most  likely  corre- 
lates with  the  Redstone  and  not  the  Pittsburgh,  since  the 
latter  comes  520  to  530  feet  below  the  Washington  coal  in 
northern  Doddridge. 

Passing  to  the  west  side  of  the  axis  of  the  Burchfield 
Basin  another  Big  Injun  sand  oil  pool  is  found  extending 
along  the  Doddridge-Tyler  county  line  entirely  across  Me- 


324 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Clellan  district.  This  pool  is  merely  an  extension  of  the 
old  Stringtown  field  of  Tyler  county.  The  first  wells  were 
drilled  by  Murphy  & Jennings  in  1895  on  the  Hardman  farm, 
and  for  that  reason  it  was  known  as  the  Hardman  pool. 
The  first  well  produced  at  the  rate  of  500  barrels  daily. 

The  five  following  records  are  from  wells  in  this  field : 


Silas  Langfitt  No.  4 Well  Record  (80). 


Located  in  McClellan  District,  at  Eagle  Mills.  Authority,  South 
Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  September  21,  1893. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  743'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  444  444 

Coal,  Pittsburgh?  (Redstone)  and  unrecorded 1359  1803 

Big  Injun  sand,  (first  oil  pay  1870';  second  oil  pay, 

1880')  and  unrecorded 97  1900 

10"  casing,  473';  8 1/4"  casing,  973';  6%"  casing,  1805'. 


The  well  starts  only  20  to  25  feet  below  the  Washington 
coal  bed ; hence,  the  coal  at  444  feet,  identified  by  the  driller 
as  the  Pittsburgh  bed,  must  correlate  with  the  Redstone 
coal,  30  to  50  feet  higher  in  the  measures.  The  same  error 
was  made  in  all  these  wells  in  the  western  portion  of  Mc- 
Clellan district,  as  discussed  at  length  in  the  chapter  on 
structure,  page  52.  The  first  oil  pay  occurs  near  the  top  of 
the  sand,  while  the  second  comes  10  to  50  feet  lower  down. 


Silas  Langfitt  No.  7 Well  Record  (81), 

Located  in  McClellan  District,  % mile  west  of  Eagle  Mills.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  Dec.  18,  1893. 


Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  748'  B-A.  T.)  . Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  470  470 

Coal,  Pittsburgh?  (Redstone)  and  unrecorded 530  1000 

Big  Dunkard  sand 40  1040 

Unrecorded  766  1806 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas  and  show  of  oil,  1868';  oil,  1871') 

and  unrecorded 86  1892 


10"  casing,  453';  8*4"  casing,  958';  6%"  casing,  1823'. 

The  well  starts  about  15  feet  below  the  Washington 

coal. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


325 


W.  B.  Allen  No.  7 Well  Record  (87). 


Located  in  McClellan  District,  one  mile  northeast  of  Eagle  Mills. 
Authority,  Jennings  Oil  Company.  Completed,  August  12,  1896. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  825'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  500  500 

Coal,  Pittsburgh?  (Redstone)  and  unrecorded 1315  1815 

Big  Injun  sand  (first  oil  and  gas,  1890')  and  unrecorded 

to  bottom 153  1968 

6%"  casing,  1832'. 


Benton  Allen  No.  5 Well  Record  (82). 


Located  in  McClellan  District,  one  mile  north  30°  east  of  Eagle 
Mills.  Authority,  Jennings  Oil  Company.  Completed  Oct.  30,  1895. 


Thickness. 

Total. 

(Elevation,  780'  B-A.  T.) 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Unrecorded  

570 

Coal,  Pittsburgh,  and 

unrecorded. . 

1288 

1858 

Big  Injun  sand  (first 

gas  and  oil, 

1938'; 

good  sand,  oil 

pay,  1948';  salt 

water,  1966') 

and 

unrecorded  to 

bottom  

1966 

6%"  casing,  1858'. 

O.  W.  O.  Hardman  No.  25  Well  Record  (83). 

Located  in  McClellan  District,  one  mile  and  a half  north  15°  east 
of  Eagle  Mills.  Authority,  Jennings  Oil  Company.  Completed  Oct. 
4,  1896. 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  740  740 

Pittsburgh  coal  and  unrecorded 1290  2030 

Big  Injun  sand  (small  show  of  oil,  2133';  second  pay, 

2148'-2153')  and  unrecorded  to  bottom 152  2182 

10"  casing,  40';  6%"  casing,  2000'. 


The  two  following  records  are  from  Gordon  sand  oil 
wells  located  near  the  axis  of  the  Burchfield  Basin,  on  the 
headwaters  of  Elk  Lick  run.  These  wells  are  an  extension 
to  the  southwest  of  the  old  Stringtown  Gordon  sand  oil 
pool  of  Tyler  county.  The  records  are  so  incomplete  that  it 
is  not  possible  to  determine  whether  or  not  the  coal  identi- 
fied by  the  drillers  as  the  Pittsburgh  represents  that  bed  or 
the  Redstone.  In  any  event  the  coal  does  not  appear  to  be 
of  any  economic  importance : 


326 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


O.  W.  O.  Hardman  No.  54  Well  Record  (85) 

Located  in  McClellan  District,  1%  miles  south  of  Stringtown. 
Authority,  Jennings  Oil  Company.  Completed  June  13,  1898. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1200'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1014  1014 

Pittsburgh  coal  and  unrecorded 1290  2304 

Big  Injun  sand 206  2510 

Unrecorded  540  3050 

Stray  sand  and  unrecorded 20  3070 

Gordon  sand  oil  pay 11  3081 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 9 3090 


10"  casing,  308';  8 %"  easing  (pulled),  1480';  6%"  casing,  2418'; 
5TV'  casing,  2500'. 

Lloyd  McIntyre  No.  1 Well  Record  (86). 

Located  in  McClellan  District,  1.5  miles  south  30°  east  of  String- 
town.  Authority,  Jennings  Oil  Company.  Completed  Jan.  8,  1895. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  985'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  742  742 

Pittsburgh  coal  and  unrecorded 1290  2032 

Big  Injun  sand 203  2235 

Unrecorded  565  2800 

Stray  sand  and  unrecorded 30  2830 

Gordon  sand,  oil  pay 5 2835 

Slate  to  bottom 7 2843 


10"  casing,  230';  8%"  casing,  1190';  6%"  casing,  2260';  5fs"  cas- 
ing, 2309'. 


Prospective  Oil  and  Gas  Territory,  McClellan  District. — 

There  yet  remains  quite  a large  acreage  of  undrilled  territory 
in  McClellan  district  that  appears  to  be  within  defined  limits 
or  is  favorably  located  for  oil  and  gas.  (1)  That,  westward 
from  the  mouth  of  Ralphs  run  to  Eagle  Mills,  looks  favorable 
for  both  Big  Injun  and  Gordon  oil;  (2)  that,  on  the  head 
waters  of  Riggins  and  Little  Battle  runs,  looks  good  for  Big 
Injun  and  Gordon  gas;  and  (3)  that,  2 miles  northeast  of 
Sedalia,  northeast  from  the  Eliza  J.  Webb  No.  1 well  (35) 
looks  favorable  for  Gordon  sand  oil.  (4)  The  territory  im- 
mediately north  and  northwest  from  Ashley  would  justify 
the  drilling  of  more  test  wells. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


327 


GRANT  DISTRICT. 

Grant  district  lies  southwest  from  McClellan,  and  ex- 
tends in  a northwest-southeast  direction  entirely  across  Dod- 
dridge county.  Like  the  latter  district,  Grant  is  traversed 
in  a northeast-southwest  direction  by  three  pronounced 
structural  folds ; viz.,  the  Burchfield  syncline,  the  Arches 
Fork  anticline,  and  the  Robinson  syncline.  In  this  district 
both  the  synclinal  basins  are  occupied  by  large  oil  fields,  and 
the  much  widened  crest  of  the  anticlinal  arch  by  a great  gas 
field  in  the  Big  Injun,  Gordon  and  Fifth  sands.  A glance 
at  the  contours  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed  as  exhibited  on 
the  economic  geology  map  accompanying  this  report,  will, 
show  that  the  axis  of  the  latter  fold  rises  in  elevation  rapidly 
southwestward  through  Grant,  and  has  broadened  out  on 
top,  making  a terrace  structure  three  to  four  miles  in  width. 
The  latter  feature  has  much  increased  the  available  area  of 
gas  territory  in  the  district.  The  oil  and  gas  pools  therein 
will  now  be  discussed  from  northwest  to  southeast. 

The  Big  Injun  sand  oil  pool  of  the  Eagle  Mills  region  of 
McClellan  district  extends  southwestward  along  the  axis  of 
the  Burchfield  Basin  almost  entirely  across  Grant.  The 
rapid  rise  of  the  axis  of  this  basin  to  the  southwest  from 
Flint  run  has  no  doubt  been  instrumental  in  terminating  de- 
velopment in  this  direction  before  reaching  the  Grant-West 
Union  district  line.  The  six  following  records  from  about 
100  oil  wells  in  this  portion  of  Grant  fail  to  record  any  water 
in  the  Big  Injun  sand.  This  absence  of  water  no  doubt  ac- 
counts in  a large  measure  for  the  exceptional  presence  of  an 
oil  pool  at  this  horizon  in  a synclinal  basin,  as  this  sand  gen- 
erally contains  a large  amount  of  salt  water  which,  owing  to 
its  greater  specific  gravity,  forces  the  oil  up  out  of  the  troughs 
along  the  adjacent  slopes  of  the  synclinal  fold: 


328 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Chas.  Stewart  No.  7 Well  Record  (88) 

Located  in  Grant  District,  1 mile  southwest  of  Eagle  Mills.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  Dec.  23,  1895. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  748'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  415  415 

Coal,  Pittsburgh?  (Redstone),  and  unrecorded 1381  1796 

Big  Injun  sand  and  unrecorded  (oil  pay,  1803') 79  1875 


10"  casing,  315';  8*4"  casing,  950';  6%"  casing,  950';  5Ty'  cas- 
ing, 1804'. 


The  well  starts  24  feet  by  hand-level  below  the  Wash- 
ington coal  bed ; hence,  the  coal  at  415  feet  identified  by  the 
driller  as  the  Pittsburgh,  must  correlate  with  the  Redstone 
bed. 


John  D.  McReynolds  No.  4 Well  Record  (91). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  one  mile  northeast  of  Canton.  Au- 


thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  Oct.  11,  1893. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  760'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  429  429 

Coal,  Pittsburgh?  (Redstone)  and  unrecorded 1377  1806 

Big  Injun  sand  (light  gas,  1815';  oil  show,  1821') 99  1905 

Slate  and  shells 55  1960 

Unrecorded  559  2519 

Sand,  Gordon?  (oil  show,  2529')  (Gordon  Stray) 15  2534 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 47  2581 


10"  casing,  535';  8*4"  casing,  957';  5%"  casing,  1741'. 

The  well  starts  40  feet  by  aneroid  below  the  Washing- 
ton coal ; hence,  the  coal  at  429  feet  correlates  with  the  Red- 
stone and  not  the  Pittsburgh.  A show  of  oil  has  been  en- 
countered in  the  Gordon  Stray,  and  not  the  Gordon  as  identi- 
fied by  the  driller.  In  this  region  the  latter  sand  comes  750 
to  800  feet  below  the  top  of  the  Big  Injun  sand,  as  exhibited 
by  the  wells  (84,  85  and  86)  three  miles  to  the  northeast. 
As  additional  evidence  that  the  oil  show  occurs  in  the  Gordon 
Stray,  and  that  the  coal  at  429  feet  represents  the  Redstone 
bed,  the  reader  is  referred  to  the  detailed  record  of  the  J.  D. 
McReynolds  No.  1 well  (89)  one-half  mile  to  the  northwest, 
published  in  connection  with  the  section  for  Canton,  page  75. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


329 


Silas  Ash  No.  2 Well  Record  (93). 

Located  in  Grant  District,  at  Canton.  Authority,  South  Penn  Oil 
Company.  Completed  July  20,  1893. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  805'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  495  495 

Pittsburgh  coal  and  unrecorded 1365  1850 


Big  Injun  sand  (pay,  1930')  and  unrecorded  to  bottom..  107  1957 

10"  casing,  330';  Z1/^'  casing,  1025';  6%"  casing,  1815'. 

Shot  Jan.  19,  1895,  12  quarts.  Top  of  shot,  1927'. 

Shot  Oct.  15,  1901,  30  quarts.  Top  of  shot,  1928'. 

Shot  Oct.  28  1904,  40  quarts.  Top  of  shot,  1928'. 

Shot  Dec.  22,  1906,  60  quarts.  Top  of  shot,  1930'. 


The  well  starts  10  feet  by  hand-level  below  the  Wash- 
ington coal  bed;  hence,  the  driller  correctly  identified  the 
coal  at  495  feet.  The  Washington-Pittsburgh  coal  interval 
is  much  more  reliable  in  correlating  the  coals  of  the  Monon- 
gahela  series,  than  the  Pittsburgh  coal-Big  Injun  sand  in- 
terval. 

Henry  Knight  No.  1 Well  Record  (95). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  % mile  west  of  Canton.  Authority, 
South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  Dec.  16,  1893. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  865'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  556  556 

Pittsburgh  coal  and  unrecorded 594  1150 

Dunkard  sand  and  unrecorded 742  1902 

Big  Injun  sand  and  unrecorded  (gas  and  oil  show, 

1977';  oil,  1990') Ill  2013 

10"  casing,  358';  8%"  casing,  1100';  6%"  casing,  1878'. 


Charles  Doak  No.  1 Well  Record  (96). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  1 mile  west  of  Canton.  Authority, 
South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  Sept.  13,  1894. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  940'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  628  628 

Pittsburgh  coal  and  unrecorded 1340  1968 


Big  Injun  sand  and  unrecorded  (gas,  2050';  oil,  2061')..  112  2080 

10"  casing,  251';  8^"  casing,  1020';  6%"  casing,  1244';  5&"  cas- 
ing, 1980'. 


330 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Jacob  Underwood  No.  11  Well  Record  (97). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  1.5  miles  southwest  of  Eagle  Mills. 
Authority,  South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  Aug.  30,  1898. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1280'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  950  950 

Pittsburgh  coal  and  unrecorded 1340  2290 

Big  Injun  sand  (oil  pay,  2374')  and  unrecorded 119  2409 


10"  casing,  200';  8*4"  casing,  1419';  6%"  casing,  2238'. 
Shot  Sept.  1,  1898,  30  quarts.  Top  of  shot,  2372'. 

Shot  Dec.,  1899,  30  quarts.  Top  of  shot,  2372'. 

Shot  Feb.  22  1905,  40  quarts.  Top  of  shot,  2374'. 


Along  the  extreme  northwest  border  of  Grant  district,  1.5 
miles  northwest  from  Canton,  there  occurs  a small  oil  pool 
»n  the  Maxton  sand  on  the  Costilow  farm.  The  W.  A. 
Costilow  No.  1 well  (98)  therein  had  an  initial  production  of 
25  barrels  daily.  The  writer  wTas  not  able  to  obtain  the  rec- 
ords of  any  wells  in  this  pool. 

One  mile  southwest  of  this  Maxton  oil  pool  there  occurs 
a gas  well  in  the  Big  Injun  sand  on  the  Wm.  Sandy  farm, 
the  summarized  record  of  which  is  published  under  No.  160 
in  the  table  of  wells  for  Tyler  county,  pages  482-483  of  the 
Marshall-Wetzel-Tyler  Report  of  the  State  Survey. 

The  great  gas  field  of  Grant  district  extends  southeast 
from  Canton  to  Numan  near  the  head  of  Buckeye  run  on  the 
high  structural  levels  of  the  Arches  Fork  anticline.  The 
John  McReynolds  No.  1 well  (92),  located  near  the  Grant-Mc- 
Clellan  district  line,  1.8  miles  northeast  from  Alpha,  and 
drilled  about  20  years  ago,  was  probably  the  first  well  in  the 
district.  It  was  an  enormous  gasser  from  probably  the 
Big  Injun  sand,  but  at  that  time  a gas  well  was  considered 
the  same  as  a dry  hole.  The  casing  was  pulled  and  the  well 
abandoned  and  since  that  time  it  burned  in  the  open  air  until 
1909,  excavating  an  immense  hole  in  the  ground. 

The  following  is  an  interesting  record  of  a well  located 
1.3  miles  southwestward,  in  that  the  minute  and  rock  pres- 
sure is  given  of  what  is  possibly  the  gas  pay  in  the  Big  Injun 
sand,  since  it  is  quite  probable  that  a test  of  the  Fifth  sand 
gas  would  show  a higher  rock  pressure : 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


331 


Emma  Hoskinson  No.  2079 

Well  Record  (102A). 

Located  in  Grant  District,  % mile  north  of 

Alpha.  Authority, 

Philadelphia  Company.  Completed  May  24,  1911. 

Thickness. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Unrecorded  

320 

Coal,  native,  (Uniontown) 

3 

323 

Unrecorded  

252 

575 

Coal,  Pittsburgh?  (Redstone) 

5 

580 

Unrecorded  

302 

882 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (Grafton) 

38 

920 

Unrecorded  

65 

985 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard? 

20 

1005 

Salt  sand 1 

Maxton  sand [-Shells;  no  Big 

Lime 

1067 

2072 

Big  Lime J 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  2191') 

183 

2255 

Unrecorded  

3 

2258 

Squaw  sand 

65 

2323 

Unrecorded  

157 

2480 

Sand,  Fifty-foot?  (Berea) 

40 

2520 

Unrecorded  

20 

2540 

Sand,  Thirty-foot?  (Gantz) 

60 

2600 

Unrecorded  

300 

2900 

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2908') 

12 

2912 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 

4 

2916 

10"  casing,  388';  8*4"  casing,  1277';  6%"  casing,  2072'. 

Pressure  in  6%"  casing: 

1st  y2  minute,  10  lbs.  10th  minute,  175  lbs. 

1st  minute,  25  lbs.  15th  minute,  230  lbs. 

2nd  minute,  45  lbs.  30th  minute,  295  lbs. 

5th  minute,  100  lbs.  Rock  pressure,  12  hours,  375  lbs. 


The  following  are  Big  Injun  sand  gassers,  and  their 
summarized  records  are  given  in  the  table  of  wells  for  Dod- 
dridge county:  Samuel  B.  McMillan  No.  1 (102),  located 

one-fourth  mile  north  of  Alpha ; M.  A.  McMillan  No.  1 
(103),  located  0.6  mile  due  east  of  Alpha;  and  C.  I.  McMil- 
lan No.  1 (104),  located  1.3  miles  southeast  of  Alpha. 

The  three  following  records  are  from  wells  located  on 
a northwest  nose  of  the  Arches  Fork  anticline,  on  the  waters 
of  Israel  fork : 


332 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


S.  B.  McMillan  No.  1 Well  Record  (105) 


Located  in  Grant  District,  one-half  mile  southeast  of  Alpha.  Au- 
thority, Carter  Oil  Company.  Completed  Feb.  28,  1898. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  815'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  370  370 

Coal,  Pittsburgh?  (Redstone) 6 376 

Unrecorded  524  900 

Sand,  Cow  Run,  (Big  Dunkard) 20  920 

Unrecorded  5 925 

Sand,  Salt?  (Burning  Springs  and  “Gas”) 250  1175 

Unrecorded  495  1670 

Big  Lime 90  1760 

Keener  sand 5 1765 

Big  Injun  sand  (strong  gas,  1790') 95  1860 


The  well  starts  about  100  feet  below  the  Washington 
coal ; hence,  the  coal  at  370  feet  represents  the  Redstone. 
The  great  sand  mass  at  925  feet  all  belongs  in  the  Allegheny 
series,  and  not  the  Pottsville.  The  driller  has  evidently  failed 
to  record  the  parting  shales  and  slates,  since  no  such  thick- 
ness of  continuous  sandstone  was  observed  in  the  logs  of 
surrounding  wells. 


Martin  V.  Underwood  No.  2 Well  Record  (106). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  1%  miles  southwest  of  Alpha.  Author- 


ity, J.  E.  Trainer.  Completed  Nov.  15,  1909. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  1130'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  (water,  70') 210  210 

Native  coal,  (Waynesburg  “A”) 2 212 

Unrecorded  478  690 

Pittsburgh  coal 3 693 

Unrecorded  437  1130 

Sand,  LitLe  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 20  1150 

Unrecorded  80  1230 

Big  Dunkard  sand 30  1260 

Unrecorded  65  1325 

Gas  sand 35  1360 

Unrecorded  21  1381 

Sand,  Salt?  (Clarion) 64  1445 

Unrecorded  75  1520 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run) 60  1580 

Unrecorded  45  1625 

Salt  sand  (water,  1630';  2 bailers  per  hour) 50  1675 

Unrecorded  120  1795 

Sand,  (Salt) 60  1855 

Unrecorded  35  1890 

Maxton  sand 60  1950 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


333 


Little  lime 20  1970 

Pencil  cave 15  1985 

Blue  Monday 36  2021 

Big  Lime 46  2067 

Big  Injun  sand  (some  gas  at  2089'  and  2157') 123  2190 

Unrecorded 16  2206 

Squaw  sand 19  2225 

Unrecorded  115  234U 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea) 110  2450 

Unrecorded  125  2575 

Fifty-foot  sand 35  2610 

Unrecorded  65  2675 

Thirty-foot  sand 25  2700 

Unrecorded  84  2784 

Stray  sand  (gas,  2792') 10  2794 

Unrecorded  19  2813 

Gordon  sand  (gas,  2815') 9 2822 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 18  2840 


10"  casing,  255';  8*4"  casing,  1381';  6%"  casing,  2021'. 


Chas.  Shrader  No.  1 Well  Record  (107). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  1.1  miles  east  of  Knight.  Authority, 
Carter  Oil  Company.  Completed  Nov.  8,  1909. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1110'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  600  600 

Coal,  Pittsburgh?  (Redstone) 4 604 

Unrecorded  236  840 

Cave  85  925 

Sand,  Cow  Run?  (Grafton) 25  950 

Cave  130  1080 

Sand,  Cow  Run  (I  Cow  Run) 15  1095 

Unrecorded  215  1310 

Sand,  Salt?  (“Gas”) 55  1365 

Unrecorded  5 1370 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run) 70  1440 

Unrecorded  20  1460 

Salt  sand  (water) 40  1500 

Unrecorded  305  1805 

Maxton  sand  (gas,  1855';  oil,  1855'-1860') 90  1895 

Unrecorded  35  1930 

Cave  15  1945 

Big  Lime 75  2020 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  2045'-2046') 75  2095 

Unrecorded  225  2320 

Squaw  sand 80  2400 

Unrecorded  50  2450 

Berea  sand 2 2452 

Unrecorded  250  2702 

Gordon  Stray 8 2710 

Unrecorded  9 2719 

Gordon  sand  (gas,  2725'-2727') 8 2727 


10"  casing,  310';  8^4"  casing,  1190';  6%"  casing,  1954'. 


334 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Gas  was  encountered  at  three  horizons;  viz.,  Maxton, 
Big  Injun,  and  Gordon.  A small  oil  showing  was  struck 
near  the  middle  of  the  Maxton. 

The  two  following  records  are  from  wells  located  on 
the  main  branch  of  Flint,  southeast  from  Israel  fork: 

M.  A.  McMillan  No.  2 Well  Record  (103). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  v.Y  mile  east  of  Alpha.  Authority,  J. 
E.  Trainer.  Completed  in  June,  1910. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  860'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  387  387 

Coal,  Pittsburgh?  (Sewickley) 3 390 

Unrecorded  550  940 

Big  Dunkard  sand 18  958 

Unrecorded  62  1020 

Sand,  “Gas”?  (Burning  Springs) 98  1I18 

Unrecorded  47  1165 

Sand,  Salt?  (“Gas”) 35  1200 

Unrecorded  30  1230 

Sand,  Salt  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt) 255  1485 

Unrecorded  65  1550 

Salt  sand  (gas  show,  1570') 40  1590 

Unrecorded  45  1635 

Maxton  sand 20  1655 

Unrecorded  30  1685 

Little  iime 18  1703 

Pencil  cave 12  1715 

Sand,  Blue  Monday 52  1767 

Big  Lime 53  1820 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1883'  and  1893') 130  1950 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 50  2000 


10"  casing,  285';  8 %"  casing,  1056';  6%"  casing,  1750'. 


The  well  starts  60  feet  below  the  Washington  coal  bed. 
The  top  of  the  Big  Lime  has  become  very  hard  and  sandy, 
and  for  that  reason  has  been  designated  the  Blue  Monday. 


C.  I.  McMillan  No.  1 Well  Record  (104). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  1.5  miles  northwest  of  Flint.  Authority, 
J.  E.  Trainer.  Completed  in  1910. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  845'  A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  (water,  30') 120  120 

Native  coal,  (Uniontown)  and  unrecorded 242  362 

Coal,  Pittsburgh?  (Sewickley) 5 367 

Unrecorded  413  780 

Sand,  LitCe  Dunkard 126  906 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


335 


Thickness.  Total. 


Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  74  980 

Sand,  ‘‘Gas”?  (Big  Dunkard  and  Burning  Springs) 135  1115 

Unrecorded  5 1120 

Coal,  (Upper  Kittanning) 2 1122 

Unrecorded  13  1135 

Sand,  Salt?  (‘‘Gas”  and  Clarion) 125  1260 

Unrecorded  15  1275 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt) 105  1380 

Unrecorded  35  1415 

Salt  sand 37  1452 

Unrecorded  58  1510 

Maxton  sand 100  1610 

Unrecorded  30  1640 

Little  lime 20  1660 

Pencil  cave 15  1675 

Unrecorded  25  1700 

Blue  Monday 19  1719 

Big  Lime 74  1793 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1805'  and  1878') 90  1883 

Unrecorded  2 1885 

Squaw  sand  and  unrecorded  to  bottom 12  1897 


10"  casing.  255';  8^4"  casing,  876';  6%"  casing,  1725'. 

The  well  starts  100  feet  below  the  Washington  coal. 

The  four  following  records  are  from  wells  located  on 
East  and  Howell  runs  of  Flint  run,  a short  distance  west  of 
the  axis  of  the  Arches  Fork  anticline.  In  these  wells  the 
main  gas  horizon  is  the  Big  Injun  sand,  although  Nos.  113 
and  114  report  a gas  pay  in  the  Maxton : 


Mary  V.  Snider  No.  1462  Well  Record  (111). 

Located  in  Grant  District,  1.5  miles  northeast  of  Flint.  Authority, 
Hope  Natural  Gas  Company.  Completed  in  1910. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1305'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Fee^ 

Unrecorded  365  365 

Coal,  native  (Washington) 2 367 

Unrecorded  519  886 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 6 892 

Unrecorded  439  1331 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 20  1351 

Unrecorded  74  1425 

Big  Dunkard  sand 25  1450 

Unrecorded  100  1550 

Gas  sand 40  1590 

Unrecorded  170  1760 

First  Salt  sand 45  1805 

Unrecorded  10  1815 

Second  Salt  sand 145  1960 

Unrecorded  « 120  2080 


336 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Maxton  sand 30  2110 

Unrecorded  35  2145 

Little  lime 15  2160 

Pencil  cave 6 2160 

Big  lime 54  2220 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  2294') Ill  2331 

Unrecorded  , 29  2360 

Squaw  sand 80  2440 

Unrecorded  115  2555 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea) 5 2560 

Unrecorded  170  2730 

Fifty-foot  sand 30  2760 

Unrecorded  120  2880 

Thirty-foot  sand 20  2900 

Unrecorded  10  2910 

Gordon  Stray  sand 15  2925 

Unrecorded  15  2940 

Gordon  sand 20  2960 

Unrecorded  40  3000 

Fourth  sand 5 3005 

Unrecorded  > 145  3150 

Fifth  sand 18  3168 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 232  3400 


The  log  fails  to  report  whether  or  not  any  gas  was  en- 
countered in  the  deep  sands  below  the  Big  Injun.  The  Gor- 
don and  Gordon  Stray  are  usually  productive  along  the  crest 
of  this  fold  to  the  northeast  in  McClellan  district.  An  ac- 
curate measurement  is  given  for  the  Washington-Pittsburgh 
coal  interval — 519  feet — for  northern  Doddridge,  justifying 
the  writer’s  assumption  of  520  feet  for  the  same  in  making  the 
structure  map  for  this  portion  of  Doddridge  county. 


L.  O.  Kester  No.  1 Well  Record  (112A). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  % mile  northeast  of  Flint.  Authority, 
Pennsylvania  Oil  & Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  895'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  462  462 

Pittsburgh  coal 5 467 

Unrecorded  383  850 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (Moundsville) 20  870 

Unrecorded  115  985 

Big  Dunkard  sand 61  1046 

Unrecorded  64  1110 

Gas  sand 30  1140 

Unrecorded  10  1150 

Sand,  (Clarion) 40  1190 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


337 


Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  10  1200 

Sand,  Salt  (II  Cow  Run)  40  1240 

Unrecorded  66  1306 

Salt  sand 82  1388 

Unrecorded  12  1400 

Salt  sand 140  1540 

Unrecorded  75  1615 

Maxton  sand 25  1640 

Unrecorded  44  1684 

Little  lime 16  1700 

Unrecorded  *. 41  1741 

Pencil  cave 5 1746 

Big  Lime 56  1802 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1819') 106  1908 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 2 1910 


10"  casing,  218';  8"  casing,  1550';  6%"  casing,  1800';  2"  tubing, 
1910'. 

“Well  made  3,000,000  cubic  feet  of  gas  daily  from  Big  Injun  sand 
on  an  open  flow  test  in  June,  1911.” 

The  well  starts  60  feet  below  the  Washington  coal.  Its 
rock  pressure  on  August  5,  1911,  was  345  pounds  per  square 
inch. 


H.  T.  Powell  No.  1467  Well  Record  (113). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  % mile  southwest  of  Flint.  Authority, 
Hope  Natural  Gas  Company.  Completed  in  1910. 


(Elevation,  1000'  B-A.  T.)  Thickness.  Total. 

Steel  line  measurement.  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  234  234 

CoaJ,  native  (Uniontown) 17  251 

Unrecorded  278  529 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 3 532 

Unrecorded  358  890 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (Moundsville) 30  920 

Unrecorded  60  980 

Sand  Big  Dunkard?  (I  Cow  Run) 12  992 

Unrecorded  208  1200 

Gas  sand 80  1280 

Unrecorded  10  1290 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run),  (water,  1310';  14  bailers  per 

hour)  20  1310 

Unrecorded  130  1440 

Salt  sand 110  1550 

Unrecorded  120  1670 

Maxton  sand  (gas,  1693') 65  1735 

Unrecorded  10  1745 

Little  lime 70  1815 

Big  lime 87  1902 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas  and  oil,  1908') 85  1987 

Unrecorded  4 1991 


338 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Squaw  sand 44  2035 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 20  2055 


10"  casing,  337';  8 casing,  781';  6%"  casing,  1108';  5^"  cas- 
ing, 1845'. 

Well  starts  flush  with  Washington  coal  bed. 

The  Powell  & Williams  No.  1 Well  (113A),  located  on 
Howell  run,  1.3  miles  southwest  from  Flint,  is  probably  the 
largest  Big  Injun  gasser  in  the  district.  This  well  was  com- 
pleted by  the  Pennsylvania  Oil  & Gas  Company  on  March 
19,  1911,  which  reports  the  initial  rock  pressure  at  765 
pounds  to  the  square  inch,  and  the  volume,  15  to  18  million 
cubic  feet  daily  in  June,  1911.  A test  on  August  5,  1911, 
gave  a rock  pressure  of  720  pounds.  The  gas  flow  was  en- 
countered at  a depth  of  2054  feet. 

The  T.  W.  Powell  No.  2012  well  of  the  Hope  Natural 
Gas  Company,  located  on  the  east  hill  side  of  Howell  run, 
sprays  much  oil  with  its  gas  from  the  Big  Injun,  that  is 
caught  in  a drip  pan  and  forced  back  up  hill  to  an  oil  tank. 
The  well  is  located,  however,  too  near  the  crest  of  the  Arches 
Fork  anticline  to  expect  a large  oil  pool. 

Southwestward  up  Flint  run  from  Flint  P.  O.,  there  oc- 
curs some  prolific  gas  territory.  The  four  following  records 
are  from  wells  in  this  region. 


B.  D.  Helmick  No.  1476  Well  Record  (114). 

\ 

Located  in  Grant  District,  % mile  southeast  of  Flint.  Authority, 
Hope  Natural  Gas  Company.  Completed  April  26,  1910. 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Unrecorded  538  538 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 16  554 

Unrecorded  386  940 

Little  Dunkard  sand 45  985 

Unrecorded  50  1035 

Big  Dunkard  sand 35  1070 

Unrecorded  115  1185 

Gas  sand 47  1232 

Unrecorded  42  1274 

Gas  sand 21  1295 

Unrecorded  10  1305 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run)  (water  at  1305') 40  1345 

Unrecorded  ..> 77  1422 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


339 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Salt  sand 33  1455 

Unrecorded  215  1670 

Maxton  sand  (gas  at  1698') 46  1716 

Unrecorded  68  1784 

Little  lime 21  1805 

Pencil  cave 10  1815 

Big  Lime 65  1880 

Sand,  Big  Injun 138  2018 

Unrecorded  3 2021 

Sand,  Squaw  and  unrecorded  (gas,  2030') 14  2035 


“Volume  38-10  mercury  through  6%"  casing.” 

The  volume  test  is  equivalent  to  a daily  production  of 
16,750,000  cubic  feet,  showing  this  well  to  be  an  enormous 
gasser.  It  is  only  one-half  mile  west  of  the  axis  of  Arches 
Fork  anticline.  The  well  starts  flush  with  the  Washington 
coal. 


M.  J.  Carr  No.  1 Well  Record  (115). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  % mile  west  of  Doak  P.  O.  Authority, 
Hope  Natural  Gas  Company.  Tubed  and  shut  in  March  18,  1901. 

(Elevation,  866'  L-A.  T.) 

Unrecorded  380 

Pittsburgh  coal  and  unrecorded 

Big  Dunkard  sand 

Unrecorded  

Salt  sand 

Unrecorded  

Big  Lime 

Big  Injun  sand,  (gas  show,  1730';  strong  gas,  1850') 

Unrecorded  

Fifty-foot  sand 

Unrecorded  129 

Sand,  (Gordon  Stray) 

Slate  28 

Lime  

Lime  and  shells % 

Sand,  (Fourth) 

Lime  

Slate  

Lime  and  shells 55 

Slate  20 

Lime  and  shells 

Slate  42 

Lime  28 

Slate  to  bottom 


ickness. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

. 380 

380 

. 500 

880 

. 45 

925 

. 505 

1430 

. 60 

1490 

. 170 

1660 

. 60 

1720 

. 140 

1860 

. 420 

2280 

. 20 

2300 

. 129 

2429 

7 

2436 

. 28 

2464 

2474 

. 46 

2520 

5 

2525 

5 

2530 

5 

2535 

. 55 

2590 

. 20 

2610 

. 50 

2660 

. 42 

2702 

. 28 

2730 

5 

2735 

340 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Susan  Sadler  No.  1 Well  Record  (117). 

Located  in  Grant  District,  1.2  miles  north  of  Numan.  Authority! 
Wheeling  Natural  Gas  Company.  Completed  Oct.  22,  1909. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  980'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  (water,  70') 190  190 

Native  coal,  (Waynesburg  “A”) 3 193 

Unrecorded  467  660 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 7 667 

Unrecorded  433  1100 

Little  Dunkard  sand 35  1135 

Unrecorded  65  1200 

Big  Dunkard  sand 30  1230 

Unrecorded  105  1335 

Sand,  Salt?  (“Gas”) 40  1375 

Unrecorded  165  1540 

Salt  sand 100  1640 

Unrecorded  150  1790 

Maxton  sand 80  1870 

Unrecorded  40  1910 

Little  lime 25  1935 

Pencil  cave 10  1945 

Big  Lime 45  1990 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  2007') 135  2125 

Unrecorded  115  2240 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea) 120  2360 

Unrecorded  115  2475 

Berea  Grit?  (Gantz) 25  2500 

Unrecorded  180  2680 

Gordon  Stray  sand 15  2695 

Unrecorded  45  2740 

Gordon  sand  (gas,  2747') 20  2760 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 34  2794 

10"  casing,  124';  8*4"  casing,  1200';  6%"  casing,  1975';  2"  tubing 
to  bottom.  About  1,000,000  cubic  feet  of  gas  daily. 

C.  G.  Davis  No.  1 Well  Record  (116). 

Located  in  Grant  District,  one  mile  south  80°  east  of  Doak.  Au- 
thority, Wheeling  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

Conductor  15  15 

Unrecorded  25  40 

Quick  sand 8 48 

Unrecorded  517  565 

Pittsburgh  coal 7 572 

Unrecorded  20  592 

Sand,  Hurry  Up?  (Lower  Pittsburgh) 45  637 

Unrecorded  248  885 

Red  rock,  (Pittsburgh) 25  910 

Unrecorded  96  1006 

Little  Dunkard  sand 20  1026 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


341 


Unrecorded  

Big  Dunkard  sand 

Unrecorded  

Sand,  “Gas”  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt) 

1458')  

Unrecorded  

Sand,  Salt,  and  (Maxton) 

Little  lime 

Unrecorded  

Big  Lime 

Big  Injun  sand 

Squaw  sand 

Unrecorded  

Fifty-foot  sand 

Thirty-foot  sand 

Slate,  lime  and  shells 

Stray  sand 

Unrecorded  

Shells  of  sand 

Unrecorded  

Gordon  sand  (gas,  2650') 

Slate,  lime  and  shells  to  bottom 


Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

84  1110 

40  1150 

231  1381 

(small  gas  show, 

194  1575 

3 1578 

222  1800 

20  1820 

31  1851 

49  1900 

140  2040 

15  2055 

400  2455 

35  2490 

15  2505 

83  2588 

17  2605 

29  2634 

6 2640 

8 2648 

7 2655 

37  2692 


Northwest  from  Long  Run  in  Grant  district  there  oc- 
curs a fine  Big  Injun  sand  gas  pool  on  the  waters  of  Buck- 
eye and  Long  runs.  The  four  following  records  are  from 
wells  in  this  field : 


R.  M.  Orr  No.  1 Well  Record  (119). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  2^4  miles  northeast  of  Morgansville. 
Authority,  R.  M.  Orr. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1220'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  190  190 

Coal,  native  (Washington) 5 195 

Unrecorded  520  715 

Pittsburgh  coal 7 722 

Unrecorded  368  1090 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (Moundsville) 30  1120 

Unrecorded  75  1195 

Big  Dunkard  sand 15  1210 

Unrecorded  165  1375 

Gas  sand 31  1406 

Unrecorded  59  1465 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run) 45  1510 

Unrecorded  70  1580 

Salt  sand  (water,  1615') 90  1670 

Unrecorded  50  1720 

Salt  sand 130  1850 

Unrecorded  50  1900 


342 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Maxtor!  sand  (oil) 30  1930 

Unrecorded  45  1975 

Little  lime 20  1995 

Pencil  cave 5 2000 

Big  Lime 70  2070 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  2090')  to  bottom 80  2150 


“Production,  500,000  to  1,000,000  cubic  feet  daily  from  Big  Injun.” 


The  record  shows  oil  in  the  Maxton  sand.  The  oil  was 
not  saved. 

Tate  Bros.  No.  1 Well  Record  (120). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  1.5  miles  northwest  of  Long  Run.  Au- 
thority, Wheeling  Natural  Gas  Company.  Completed  Sept.  18,  1909. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  915'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  90  90 

Native  coal,  (Uniontown) 3 93 

Unrecorded  . . ... 279  372 

Pittsburgh  coal 8 380 

Unrecorded  420  800 

Little  Dunkard  sand 12  812 

Unrecorded  68  880 

Big  Dunkard  sand 40  920 

Unrecorded  88  1008 

Gas  sand 51  1059 

Unrecorded  141  1200 

Salt  sand 355  1555 

Unrecorded  63  1618 

Maxton  sand. 17  1635 

Unrecorded  37  1672 

Little  lime 15  1687 

Pencil  cave ...  4 1691 

Big  Lime 39  1730 

Unrecorded  3 1733 

Big  Injun  sand 105  1838 

Unrecorded  _ 2 1840 

Squaw  sand 20  1860 

Unrecorded  166  2026 

Sand,  Gantz,  (Berea) 20  2046 

Unrecorded  366  2412 

Sand,  Gordon.  (Gordon  Stray) 18  2430 

Lime  and  shells 263  2693 

Bayard  sand  (oil  show,  2695') 10  2703 

Slate,  lime  and  shells  to  bottom  (dry) 422  3125 


10"  casing,  154';  8^4"  casing,  1241';  6%"  casing,  1695'. 


A showing  of  oil  is  reported  in  what  appears  to  be  the 
Bayard  or  Sixth  sand  at  2323  feet  below  the  top  of  the  Pitts- 
burgh coal. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


343 


H.  Orrowhood  Well  Record  (121). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  % mile  northeast  of  Sherwood.  Au- 
thority, Wheeling  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  860'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  46  46 

Native  coal,  (Uniontown) 2 48 

Unrecorded  275  323 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 6 329 

Unrecorded  296  625 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (Grafton) 15  640 

Unrecorded  200  840 

Big  Dunkard  sand 40  880 

Unrecorded  70  950 

Gas  sand 60  1010 

Unrecorded  90  1100 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt) 355  1455 

Unrecorded  117  1572 

Maxton  sand 10  1582 

Unrecorded  13  1595 

Little  lime 25  1620 

Pencil  cave 5 1625 

Big  Lime 68  1693 

Big  Injun  sand  (very  small  show  of  gas,  1703') 110  1803 

Unrecorded  4 1807 

Squaw  sand  10  1817 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 73  1890 


Silas  Cain  No.  1 Well  Record  (122). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  at  Snow.  Authority,  Carter  Oil  Com- 
pany. Completed  Jan.  26,  1901. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  865'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  675  675 

Cave  60  735 

Unrecorded  165  900 

Sand  (I  Cow  Run) 40  940 

Unrecorded  260  1200 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt) 200  1400 

Unrecorded  230  1630 

Big  Lime 65  1695 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1780') 103  1798 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 681  2479 


10"  casing,  280';  8 14"  casing,  952';  6 1/4"  casing,  1651'. 
Rock  pressure,  275  lbs. 


344 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


John  Whalen  No.  2 Well  Record  (123). 

Located  in  Grant  District,  % mile  north  of  Long  Run  Station. 
Authority,  W.  W.  Dunham,  Parkersburg,  W.  Va.  Completed  June,  1910. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1160'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Surface  and  gravel 10  10 

Lime  10  20 

Red  rock 30  50 

White  slate 25  75 

Lime  10  "85 

Red  rock 40  125 

Lime  10  135 

White  slate 25  160 

Red  rock 55  215 

Lime  5 220 

Coal,  (Washington) 2 222 

White  slate 28  250 

Red  rock 25  275 

Sand  25  300 

Red  rock 50  350 

White  slate 50  400 

Sand,  (Gilboy) 20  420 

White  slate 30  450 

Lime  10  460 

Coal,  Uniontown 6 466 

White  slate 34  500 

Lime  40  540 

White  slate 30  570 

Lime  30  600 

Shale  50  650 

Sand,  (Lower  Sewickley) 25  675 

White  slate 75  , 750 

Lime  5 755 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 9 764 

White  slate 36  800 

Sand  40  840 

White  slate 60  900 

Lime  20  920 

Sand  20  940 

White  slate 60  1100 

Lime  40  1140 

Sand,  (Saltsburg) 40  1180 

White  slate 65  1245 

B'ack  shale 40  1285 

Sand,  (Big  Dunkard) 75  1360 

White  slate 60  1420 

Black  shale 30  1450 

Gas  sand 55  1505 

B ack  shale 75  1580 

Sand,  (II  Cow  Run) 55  1635 

Black  shale 30  1665 

Sand  (Salt)  60  1725 

Slate 50  1775 

Sand,  (Salt) 125  1900 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


345 


Feet.  Feet. 
Thickness.  Total. 


Black  shale 

...  100 

2000 

Sand,  (Maxton) 

. . . 20 

2020 

Red  rock 

.. . 15 

2035 

White  slate 

.. . 15 

2050 

Big  Lime 

2150 

Sandy  lime 

• • ) 

{ 

.. . 30 

2180 

Sand,  gas,  (Big  Injun).. 

^ Big  Injun ...  . 

l ••• 

. . 35 

2215 

Black  lime 

2230 

Slate  to  bottom 

. . . 12 

2242 

A dry  hole  was  drilled  on  the  north  side  ot  the  railroad 
at  Long  Run.  The  detailed  log  of  the  J.  D.  Crabtree  No.  1 
well,  located  on  the  south  side  of  the  railroad,  0.8  mile  north- 
west of  Long  Run,  is  published  in  connection  with  the  section 
for  the  latter  place,  page  77.  The  log  fails  to  report  either 
oil  or  gas. 

The  three  following  records  are  from  wells  in  the  Sher- 
wood and  Morgansville  gas  field : 

W.  A.  Stutler  No.  1 Well  Record  (128). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  at  Sherwood  Station.  Authority,  Castle 
Brook  Carbon  Black  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  849'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Conductor  : 16  16 

Unrecorded  (water,  17'  and  80') 254  270 

Coal,  Pittsburgh,  and  unrecorded 630  900 

Sand,  “Gas”?  (Burning  Springs) 75  975 

Unrecorded  10  985 

Sand,  Salt?- (“Gas”) 115  1100 

Unrecorded  8 1108 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt) 116  1224 

Slate  76  1300 

Salt  sand 15  1315 

Unrecorded  55  1370 

Sand,  (Third  Salt)  (gas,  1375  ) 30  1400 

Unrecorded  65  1465 

Sand,  Maxton? 15  1480 

Unrecorded  70  1550 

Little  lime 26  1576 

Pencil  cave 7 1583 

Sand,  Blue  Monday  (Maxton),  (steel  line  measurement).  20  1603 

Big  Lime 56  1659 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1609';  1685') 30  1689 

Break  of  shell 5 1694 

Sand  and  unrecorded  to  bottom 74  1768 

10"  casing,  200';  8^"  casing,  800'. 


346 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


The  well  starts  6 feet  below  the  Uniontown  coal ; hence, 
it  may  be  that  the  coal  at  270  feet  represents  the  Redstone  and 


not  the  Pittsburgh  as  given 

by  the  driller,  since  the  Union- 

town-Pittsburgh  coal  interval  in 
feet. 

this 

region  is  close 

to  300 

Gordon  Rush  No.  1 Well  Record  (129A). 

Located  in  Grant  District,  y2  mile 
thority,  Acme  Carbon  Company. 

southeast  of  Morgansville.  Au- 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  

240 

240 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 

6 

246 

Unrecorded  

494 

740 

Big  Dunkard  sand 

30 

770 

Unrecorded  

100 

870 

Gas  sand 

930 

Unrecorded  

15 

945 

Sand,  Salt?  (Clarion) 

25 

970 

Unrecorded  

50 

1020 

Sand,  Salt  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt) 

180 

1200 

Unrecorded  

120 

1320 

Salt  sand 

40 

1360 

Unrecorded  

75 

1435 

Maxton  sand 

1445 

Unrecorded  

. . 10 

1455 

Red  rock. 

1465 

Lime  .*■ 

8 

1473 

Unrecorded  

37 

1510 

Little  lime 

14 

1524 

Unrecorded  

4 

1528 

Pencil  cave 

7 

1535 

Blue  Monday  sand 

1568 

Big  Lime 

56 

1624 

Big  Injun  (gas)  to  bottom  of  hole,  (not  drilled  through 

sand)  

1640 

10"  casing,  196';  8 *4"  casing, 

846'; 

6%" 

casing,  1560'. 

Lewis  Maxwell  No.  2 Well  Record  (129). 

Located  in  Grant  District,  at  Sherwood  Station.  Authority,  Cas- 
tle Brook  Carbon  Black  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  815'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Conductor  15  15 

Unrecorded  397  412 

Coal,  Elk  Lick 5 417 

Unrecorded  191  608 

Sand,  (gas)  (I  Cow  Run) 7 615 

Unrecorded  (water,  620') 275  890 

Coal,  (Upper  Kittanning) 5 895 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


347 


Feet.  Feet. 
Thickness.  Total. 


Unrecorded  295  1180 

Sand,  Maxton?  (Salt)  and  unrecorded 272  1452 

Big  Lime 94  1546 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1556') 74  1620 

Unrecorded  150  1770 

Hard  sand  (Squaw) 25  1795 

Unrecorded  390  2185 

Gordon  sand  to  bottom 8 2193 


10"  casing,  220';  8*4"  casing,  690';  6%"  casing,  1461'. 

Well  starts  77  feet  by  hand-level  below  the  Uniontown 
coal,  according  to  Mr.  Reger. 

The  gas  wells  are  quite  numerous  between  Sherwood  and 
Smithton,  and  northeastward  up  Morgans  run  along  the  axis 
of  the  Arches  Fork  anticline.  The  Big  Injun  and  Gordon 
sands  are  the  main  gas  bearing  horizons  in  this  region. 

Passing  to  the  southeastern  portion  of  Grant  district, 
the  Gordon  sand  oil  pool  of  McClellan  is  found  extending 
southwestward  on  the  head  of  Buckeye  and  Long  runs  along 
the  Robinson  synclinal  basin.  Within  the  boundaries  of  Grant 
there  are  55  to  60  wells  in  the  pool.  The  five  following  rec- 
ords are  from  wells  in  this  field : 


Albert  A.  Davis  No.  1 Well  Record  (137). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  at  Numan.  Authority,  South  Penn  Oil 
Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  995'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  742  742 

Pittsburgh  coal 8 750 

Unrecorded  512  1262 

Big  Dunkard  sand 28  1290 

Unrecorded  110  1400 

Gas  sand 35  1435 

Unrecorded  205  1640 

Salt  sand 80  1720 

Unrecorded  260  1980 

Pencil  cave 5 1985 

Big  Lime 90  2075 

Big  Injun  sand 110  2185 

Unrecorded  505  2690 

Fifty-foot  sand 40  2730 

Unrecorded  7 2737 

Sand,  (Thirty-foot) 30  2767 

Sand  shell 44  2811 

Stray  sand  (gas,  2811') 19  2830 


348 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Feet.  Feet. 
Thickness.  Total. 


Slate  19  2849 

Gordon  sand  (oil,  2851') 15  2864 

Slate  to  bottom 17  2881 


M.  Davisson  No.  6 Well  Record  (138). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  three-fourths  mile  east  of  Numan.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1149'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  924  924 

Coal,  Pittsburgh,  and  unrecorded 446  1370 

Big  Dunkard  sand  and  unrecorded . 447  1817 

Salt  sand  and  unrecorded 383  2200 

Big  Lime 52  2252 

Big  Injun  sand 80  2332 

Unrecorded  644  2976 

Stray  sand 14  2990 

Unrecorded  25  3015 

Gordon  sand  (oil) 12  3027 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 1 3028 


Mary  O’Connor  No.  1 Well  Record  (136.) 


Located  in  Grant  District,  y2  mile  south  of  Numan.  Authority, 
South  Penn  Oil  Company. 


Thickness.  Total. 


Feet. 

Unrecorded  1040 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 6 

Unrecorded  517 

Big  Dunkard  sand 85 

Unrecorded  243 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run)  85 

Unrecorded  352 

Big  Lime 60 

Big  Injun  sand 110 

Unrecorded  589 

Stray  sand 23 

Unrecorded  20 

Gordon  sand  (oil) 12 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 43 


Feet. 

1040 

1046 

1563 

1648 

1891 

1976 

2328 

2388 

2498 

3087 

3110 

3130 

3142 

3185 


Ellen  Kirk  No.  1 Well  Record  (134). 

Located  in  Grant  District,  1%  miles  southwest  of  Salem.  Author- 
ity, South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


Elevation,  1365'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1120  1120 

Pittsburgh  coal 6 1126 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


349 


Thickness. 


Feet. 

Unrecorded  509 

Big  Dunkard  sand 60 

Unrecorded  345 

Salt  sand 40 

Unrecorded  325 

Big  Lime 70 

Big  Injun  sand 80 

Unrecorded  505 

Fifty-foot  sand 15 

Unrecorded  90 

Gordon  Stray  sand 5 

Unrecorded  30 

Sand,  Gordon  (oil) 13 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 15 


Total 

Feet. 

1635 

1695 

2040 

2080 

2405 

2475 

2555 

3060 

3075 

3165 

3170 

3200 

3213 

3228 


John  Hession  No.  1 Well  Record  (135). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  y2'  mile  southwest  of  Industrial.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company. 


Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1330'  B-A.  T.) 

Unrecorded  

Pittsburgh  coal 

Unrecorded  

Big  Dunkard  sand 

Unrecorded  

Sait  sand 

Unrecorded  

Big  Lime 

Big  Injun  sand 

Unrecorded  

Sand,  Fifty-foot?  (Gantz) 

Unrecorded  

Gordon  Stray  sand 

Unrecorded  

Gordon  sand  (oil) 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 


Feet. 

Feet. 

.1070 

1070 

5 

1075 

. 525 

1600 

. 55 

1655 

. 475 

2130 

. 75 

2205 

. 190 

2395 

. 60 

2455 

. 120 

2575 

. 395 

2970 

. 30 

3000 

. 120 

3120 

. 12 

3132 

. 29 

3161 

. 12 

3173 

. 47 

3220 

The  oil  does  not  rise  over  50  feet  in  elevation  above  the 
structural  level  of  the  axis  of  the  Robinson  Basin  on  the 
western  border  of  this  Gordon  sand  oil  pool  of  Grant  and  Mc- 
Clellan districts ; and  the  gas  pool  at  the  same  horizon  ap- 
parently sets  in  to  the  west  where  the  oil  leaves  off  as  exhibi- 
ted by  the  economic  geology  map  accompanying  this  re- 
port. In  Grant,  the  record  of  one  of  these  marginal  gas  wells 
near  the  head  of  Long  run ; viz.,  Patrick  Shaughnessy  No.  1 
(131),  is  published  on  page  289  of  Vol.  1(A)  of  the  State  Sur- 
vey reports.  The  record  shows  the  gas  pay  in  the  top  of 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


350 

the  Gordon  sand  at  a depth  of  2721  feet,  2076  feet  below  the 
top  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal. 

Prospective  Oil  and  Gas  Territory,  Grant  District. — 

Grant  district  has  been  quite  thoroughly  prospected  in  some 
portions  of  its  area,  yet  there  remains  a large  acreage  that 
looks  favorable  for  oil  and  gas  both  from  the  standpoint  of 
structure  and  present  development.  Considering  these  areas 
from  northwest  to  southeast:  (1)  that,  lying  along  the  axis 

of  the  Robinson  syncline  southwest  from  Canton  to  the  Grant- 
West  Union  district  line,  looks  good  for  both  Big  Injun  and 
Gordon  oil ; (2)  that,  southeast  from  Canton  to  Poverty  run, 
for4 gas;  (3)  that,  covered  by  the  drainage  of  Flint  run  from 
the  mouth  of  Neds  run  southeast  to  the  mouth  of  Howell  run, 
looks  good  for  Big  Injun  and  Gordon  gas;  (4)  that,  northwest 
from  the  main  channel  of  Morgans  run  to  the  dividing  ridge, 
for  gas  at  the  same  horizons ; (5)  that,  on  the  east  slope  of  the 
Arches  Fork  anticline  southward  from  the  main  channel  of 
Flint  run  to  Long  run,  lying  roughly  between  the  450  and 
275-foot  structure  contours  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  as  outlined 
on  the  map  referred  to  above,  for  Gordon  Stray  and  Gor- 
don gas;  (6)  that,  southward  from  well  No.  136  near  Numan 
to  the  Grant-Greenbrier  district  line  between  the  250  and  225- 
foot  structure  contours  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  as  given  on 
the  map  mentioned  above,  appears  quite  favorable  for  Gordon 
oil. 

WEST  UNION  DISTRICT. 

The  rock  strata  of  West  Union  district  are  much  warped 
and  disturbed,  as  the  latter’s  area  is  traversed  in  a northeast- 
southwest  direction  by  three  structural  folds ; viz.,  the  Big 
Moses  and  Arches  Fork  anticlines,  and  the  Burchfield  syn- 
cline. As  revealed  both  by  present  development  and  struc- 
ture, by  far  the  greater  portion  of  the  district  is  favorable 
for  natural  gas ; while  only  a small  area  along  the  axis  of  the 
Burchfield  Basin  appears  favorable  for  oil.  A discussion  of 
the  oil  and  gas  development  will  now  be  given  from  north- 
west to  southeast  in  the  district. 

The  Big  Moses  anticline  traverses  the  extreme  northwest 
corner  of  West  Union  district  and  within  the  boundaries  of 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


351 


the  latter  area  just  on  the  east  side  of  the  axis  of  this  arch 
there  occur  some  8 or  10  gas  wells  in  the  Big  Injun  sand,  as 
exhibited  on  the  map  accompanying  this  report  by  wells  Nos. 
139-144  inclusive,  and  others  not  listed.  The  summarized 
records  of  the  following  wells  is  this  region  are  given  in  the 
table  of  wells  for  Doddridge  county,  page  290 : W.  W.  Pratt 

No.  1 (140),  Ed  Cain  No.  1 (143),  and  Jos.  Freeman  No.  1 
(144).  All  were  gdssers  in  the  Big  Injun. 

Frank  Smith  Oil  Pool. — Passing  southeastward  to  the 
axis  of  the  Burchfield  syncline,  a small  Big  Injun  sand  oil 
pool  is  found  on  the  waters  of  Piggin  run,  1.5  miles  due  north 
of  West  Union.  The  pool  consists  of  8 to  10  wells  on  the 
Frank  Smith  farm,  the  brief  logs  of  four  of  which  are  given 
under  Nos.  147-150  inclusive,  in  the  table  of  wells  mentioned 
above,  page  290.  These  wells  were  very  light,  and  the  rec- 
ords for  same  were  very  incomplete.  The  chances  are  quite 
favorable  for  the  extension  of  this  pool  to  the  northeast  along 
the  axis  of  the  Robinson  Basin  to  Canton,  in  view  of  the  10- 
bbl.  oil  showing  in  the  Big  Injun  sand  in  the  Wm.  Freeman 
No.  1 well  (346),  located  on  Nutter  fork,  one  mile  northwest- 
ward from  Knight.  Its  extension  to  the  southwest,  how- 
ever, appears  to  be  shut  off  by  the  dry  holes  (151  and  152) 
on  the  land  of  Frank  Scott  and  Maxwell  Heirs,  along  the 
east  bank  of  Middle  Island  creek.  The  latter  (152)  had  a 
showing  of  oil  and  gas  in  the  Big  Injun. 

The  following  records  are  from  wells  located  34  to  1 mile 
eastward  from  the  Smith  pool : 

Vincent  Cain  No.  1 Well  Record  (153). 

Located  in  West  Union  District,  21/i  miles  north  15°  east  of 
West  Union.  Authority,  J.  E.  Trainer.  Rig  commenced  July  9,  1906. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  945'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  303  303 

Native  coal,  (Lower  Uniontown) 2 305 

Unrecorded  259  564 

Pittsburgh  coal 4 568 

Unrecorded  387  955 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 10  965 

Unrecorded  114  1079 

Big  Dunkard  sand 21  1100 

Unrecorded  85  1185 


352 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Sand,  Salt?  (“Gas”) 65  1250 

Slate  and  lime 40  1290 

Sait  sand  (water,  1325')  and  unrecorded 553  1843 

Big  Lime,  sandy  and  hard  (show  of  oil  and  gas,  1952', 
steel  line  measurement;  Big  Injun  sand,  gas, 

2018'8",  increasing  for  6')  and  unrecorded  to  bot- 
tom   869  2712 


10”  casing,  145';  8 %"  casing,  1089';  6%"  casing  (steel  line  meas- 
urement), 1843'8”. 


Although  the  record  fails  to  note  it,  a showing  of  oil  in 
the  Gordon  sand  was  reported  from  this  well  by  a farmer  in 
that  vicinity. 


D.  L.  Dotson  No.  1 Well  Record  (154) 


Located  in  West  Union  District,  1%  miles  northeast  of  West 
Union.  Authority,  Eastern  Oil  Company.  Completed  Oct.  31,  1899. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  865'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1700  1700 

Big  Lime 100  1800 

Keener  sand 45  1845 

Big  Injun  sand  (2  screws  of  break,  1880';  big  gas, 

1890'),  ana  unrecorded  to  bottom 53 


13"  casing,  16';  10' 
1700'. 


1898 

casing,  287';  8”  casing,  1002';  casing. 


The  northeastern  portion  of  West  Union  district  is 
traversed  by  the  Arches  Fork  anticline  which  makes  all  that 
part  southeast  from  Knight  fine  gas  territory.  About  30  gas 
wells  have  been  drilled  thereon.  The  three  following  rec- 
ords from  wells  in  this  region  show  the  Big  Injun,  Gordon 
Stray  and  Gordon  sands  as  the  main  gas  horizons : 


P.  B.  McClain  No.  1 Well  Record  (155). 

Located  in  West  Union  District,  on  Nutter  fork,  one  mile  south- 
east of  Knight.  Authority,  Eastern  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1010'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  (watpr,  30') 465  465 

Pittsburgh  coal  and  unrecorded 1035  1500 

Maxton  sand  and  unrecorded 238  1738 

Little  lime  and  unrecorded 72  1810 

Blue  Monday  sand  and  unrecorded 15  1825 

Big  Lime 50  1875 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1915',  1985',  and  2005') 140  2015 

Unrecorded  (gas  in  Gordon  Stray  sand,  2600') 593  2608 

Gordon  sand  and  unrecorded  to  bottom 22  2630 


13”  casing,  15';  10"  casing,  225';  8^4"  casing,  1015':  6%”  casing, 
1825'. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


353 


Robert  Harper  No.  1 Well  Record  (157). 

Located  in  West  Union  District  on  England’s  run,  l1^  miles  north- 
west of  Morgansville.  Authority,  Phi’adelphia  Company.  Completed 
June  25,  1910. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  950'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  690  690 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (Moundsvi-le) 25  715 

Unrecorded  240  955 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (Burning  Springs)  20  975 

Unrecorded  100  1075 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run) 58  1133 

Unrecorded  67  1400 

Sand,  Maxton?  (Salt),  (gas,  1475') 85  1485 

Unrecorded  217  1702 

Big  Lime  (gas,  1703') 76  1778 

Big  Injun  sand,  (gas,  1780').. 127  1905 

Unrecorded  45  2050 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Squaw) 40  2090 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 655  2745 


10"  casing,  176';  8 casing,  1133';  6%"  casing,  1805'. 

Pressure  in  6%"  casing: 

1st  minute,  10  lbs.  to  the  sq.  in. 

10th  minute,  75  lbs.  to  the  sq.  in. 

30th  minute,  140  lbs.  to  the  sq.  in. 

According  to  D.  B.  Reger,  the  above  well  starts  60  feet 
by  hand-level  above  the  Uniontown  coal ; hence,  the  Pitts- 
burgh coal  belongs  at  about  360  feet.  The  driller  has  evi- 
dently mistaken  the  Salt  sand  for  the  Maxton. 


Lloyd  Davis  No.  1 Well  Record  (161). 

Located  in  West  Union  District,  one  mile  south  of  Smithton. 
Authority,  Carter  Oil  Company.  Well  completed  January  4,  1904. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  860'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  245  245 

Little  Pittsburgh  coal? 1 246 

Unrecorded  354  600 

Cave  200  800 

Sand,  Cow  Run?  (Big  Dunkard) 35  835 

Unrecorded  145  980 

Sand,  Cow  Run?  (“Gas”  and  II  Cow  Run) 240  1220 

Unrecorded  44  1264 

Salt  sand  (little  gas,  1270') 40  1304 

Unrecorded  206  1510 

Cave  10  1520 

Unrecorded  20  1540 

Big  Lime 62  1602 

Big  Injun  sand  (little  gas,  1602') 86  1688 


354 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Unrecorded  582  2270 

Gordon  Stray  sand  (some  gas,  2274') 6 2276 

Unrecorded  25  2301 

Gordon  sand  (fair  gas,  2303') 4 2305 

Unrecorded  y 176  2481 

Shells  and  unrecorded  to  bottom 33  2514 


10"  casing,  300';  814"  casing,  980';  6%"  casing,  1538';  4"  tubing, 
2317'. 

The  record  is  quite  interesting  in  that  four  gas  horizons 
occur;  viz.,  Salt,  Big  Injun,  Gordon  Stray  and  Gordon  sands. 
The  Pittsburgh  coal  is  thin  and  unimportant. 

Two  miles  northward  on  the  flattened  crest  of  the 
Arches  Fork  anticline,  near  the  head  of  Jockeycamp  run,  there 
occur  3 or  4 light  oil  wells  in  what  appears  to  be  the  Salt 
sand.  The  following  record  of  a well  drilled  by  the  Eastern 
Oil  Company  shows  the  oil  pay  405  feet  above  the  top  of  the 
Big  Lime  near  the  top  of  the  Salt  sand.  The  well  is  also  a 
gasser  in  the  Big  Injun: 


J.  B.  Coulehan  No.  1 Well  Record  (156). 


Located  in  West  Union  District,  1*4  miles  northeast  of  Smithton. 
Authority,  Eastern  Oil  Company.  Completed  August  4,  1906. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  940'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  12  12 

Sand,  (Carroll) 28  40 

Unrecorded  20  60 

Coal,  Uniontown 2 62 

Unrecorded  92  154 

Slate  and  shells 162  316 

Coal,  Mapletown?  (Redstone) 2 318 

Red  rock 522  840 

Sand,  (Big  Dunkard) 30  870 

Unrecorded  25  895 

Break  5 900 

Sand  265  1165 

Slate  40  1205 

Salt  sand  (little  gas,  1240';  gas  and  oil,  1250';  water, 

1260')  370  1575 

Red  rock 45  1620 

Little  lime 7 1627 

Pencil  cave 8 1635 

Blue  Monday  sand 20  1655 

Big  Lime SO  1735 

Unrecorded  8 1743 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1743')  to  bottom  and  not  through 

sand  7 1750 

13"  casing,  10';  10"  casing,  154';  8*4"  casing,  890';  6%"  casing, 
1640'. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


355 


Southwestward  3 miles,  near  the  mouth  of  Bluestone 
creek  near  West  Union,  there  occurs  a small  Gordon  sand 
oil  pool  of  5 or  6 wells  on  a slight  structural  terrace  along 
the  western  slope  of  the  Arches  Fork  anticline.  The  wells 
are  light,  not  making  at  the  start  over  15  to  20  barrels,  daily: 

L.  T.  Davis  No.  1 Well  Record  (162). 

Located  in  West  Union  District,  % mile  southeast  of  West  Union. 
Authority,  Empire  Oil  Company.  Completed  in  1910. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  780'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  235  235 

Coal,  Sewickiey?  (Redstone) 5 240 

Unrecorded  450  690 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard 16  706 

Unrecorded  74  780 

Big  Dunkard  sand 64  844 

Unrecorded  10  854 

Sand,  Gas?  (Burning  Springs) 12  866 

Unrecorded  64  930 

Sand,  Salt?  (“Gas”) 50  980 

Unrecorded  30  1010 

Sand,  Second  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt) 160  1170 

Unrecorded  185  1355 

Sand,  Maxton?  (Salt)  (first  gas) 35  1390 

Unrecorded  190  1580 

Pencil  cave 7 1587 

Big  Lime 57  1644 

Big  Injun  sand  (some  gas) 144  1788 

Sand,  Squaw?  (Big  Injun) 27  1815 

Unrecorded  80  1895 

Sand,  Berea?  (Squaw) 20  1915 

Unrecorded  5 1920 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea) 80  2000 

Unrecorded  100  2100 

Fifty-foot  sand 50  2150 

Unrecorded  100  2250 

Thirty-foot  sand 40  2290 

Unrecorded  20  2310 

Gordon  Stray  sand 19  2329 

Unrecorded  1 2330 

Gordon  sand  (oil) 12  2342 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 6 2348 

The  well  starts  5 to  15  feet  below  the  Uniontown  coal ; 
hence,  the  coal  at  235  feet  appears  to  correlate  with  the  Red- 
stone bed  for  the  reasons  given  below. 


356 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Gribble  and  Dufour  No.  1 Well  Record  (163). 


Located  in  West  Union  District,  V2  mile  southeast  of  West  Union. 
Authority,  Gribble  and  Dufour.  Completed  in  1907. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  786'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  320  320 

Coal,  Pittsburgh?  (Little  Pittsburgh) 2 322 

Unrecorded  573  895 

Gas  sand  65  960 

Unrecorded  115  1075 

First  Salt  sand 75  1150 

Unrecorded  150  1300 

Second  Salt  sand  (gas) 80  1380 

Unrecorded  95  1475 

Maxton  sand 35  1510 

Unrecorded  30  1540 

Little  lime 20  1560 

Unrecorded  15  1575 

Big  Lime 70  1645 

Big  Injun  sand 85  1730 

Unrecorded  608  2338' 

Gordon  sand  (oil) 8 2346 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 16  2362 


“Initial  oil  production  from  Gordon,  15  barrels  daily;  now  (July 
6,  1910,)  making  3 barrels  daily. 

The  well  starts  20  feet  below  the  Uniontown  coal;  hence, 
the  coal  at  320  feet  appears  to  represent  the  Little  Pittsburgh 
bed,  since  the  Uniontown-Pittsburgh  coal  interval  northward 
and  at  Long  Run,  is  only  290  to  300  feet. 

According  to  W.  D.  Gribble  of  West  Union,  other  wells 
in  this  pool;  viz.,  the  Jap  Stewart  Heirs  No.  1 well  (164)  was 
making  (July  7,  1910),  one  barrel  of  oil  daily  from  the  Gor- 
don, and  is  5 years  old;  and  the  Jos.  Cheuvront  No.  1 (165) 
in  addition  to  an  oil  show  in  the  Gordon,  produces  one-third 
million  cubic  feet  of  gas  daily  from  the  Big  Injun  sand. 

The  southeast  portion  of  West  Union  is  situated  over  a 
structural  dome  of  the  Arches  Fork  anticline,  making  it  spec- 
ially favored  gas  territory.  Several  fine  gas  wells,  mostly 
in  the  Salt  and  Big  Injun  sands,  occur  on  or  near  the  crest  of 
this  dome.  The  six  following  records  are  from  wells  in 
this  region : 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


35 


Lewis  Maxwell  No.  8 Well  Record  (166). 


Located  in  West  Union  District,  1%  miles  south  10°  east  of  West 
Union.  Authority,  Mountain  State  Carbon  Black  Company. 

(Elevation,  900'  B-A.  T.) 

Conductor  10 

Unrecorded  

Coal,  Pittsburgh?  and  unrecorded  (no  Little  Dunkard; 

Big  Dunkard — Shell) 582 

Sand,  “Gas”?  (Burning  Springs) 

Unrecorded  

Sand,  Salt?  (“Gas”) 

Unrecorded  

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run) 

Unrecorded  400 

Maxton  sand 

Unrecorded  53 

Little  lime 

Pencil  cave 11 

Blue  Monday  sand 

Big  Lime 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1716';  1770') 91 

Unrecorded  141 

Grit  

Unrecorded  (no  Fifty-foot  or  Thirty-foot  sand) 327 

Gordon  Stray  sand 

Unrecorded  15 

Gordon  sand 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 36 

10"  casing,  165';  8 casing,  855';  6%"  casing,  1642'. 


ickness. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

. 10 

10 

. 260 

270 

.’  582 

852 

. 83 

935 

. 50 

985 

. 40 

1025 

. 33 

1058 

. 12 

1070 

1470 

. 12 

1482 

. 53 

1535 

. • 1.0 

1545 

. 11 

1556 

. 81 

1637 

. 59 

1696 

. 91 

1787 

. 141 

1928 

. 107 

2035 

327 

2362 

6 

2368 

. 15 

2383 

. 14 

2397 

. 36 

2433 

Well  starts  15  feet  above  Uniontown  coal;  hence,  the 
coal  at  270'  may  represent  the  Redstone  bed. 


Lewis  Maxwell  No.  1 Well  Record  (171). 

Located  in  West  Union  District,  on  Left  Fork  of  Arnolds  creek, 
miles  south  of  West  Union.  Authority,  Acme  Carbon  Company. 
Completed  December  7,  1909. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  870'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  210  210 

Pittsburgh  coal 3 213 

Unrecorded  520  733 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (Big  Dunkard) 17  750 

Unrecorded  90  840 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (“Gas”) 60  900 

Unrecorded  35  935 

Sand,  “Gas”?  (II  Cow  Run) 60  995 

Unrecorded  (3  bailers  of  water  at  1030') 270  1265 

Sa  t sand 31  1296 

Unrecorded  234  1530 


358 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total 
Feet.  Feet. 


Little  lime  25  1555 

Pencil  cave 5 1560 

Big  Lime 80  1640 

Big  Injun  sand  (little  gas,  1640') 30  1670 

Unrecorded  200  1870 

Sand,  Gantz? 140  2010 

Unrecorded  268  2278 

Gordon  Stray  sand 2 2280 

Unrecorded  20  2300 

Gordon  sand  (gas  show,  2300') 10  2310 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 95  2405 


Lewis  Maxwell  No.  2 Well  Record  (173). 

Located  in  West  Union  District,  4^  miles  south  5°  west  of  West 
Union.  Authority,  Acme  Carbon  Company.  Completed  April  16,  1910. 


Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  905'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Conductor  8 8 

Unrecorded  (water,  55',  and  264G 482  500 

Coal  (Harlem) 4 504 

Unrecorded  101  605 

Coal  (Bakerstown) 5 610 

Unrecorded  102  712 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (Big  Dunkard)  (1  bailer  of  oil 

per  hour  at  718') 66  778 

Unrecorded  42  820 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (Burning  Springs) 25  845 

Unrecorded  35  880 

Gas  sand 85  965 

Unrecorded  j 60  1025 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run)  (1  bailer  of  oil,  1030';  8 

bailers  water,  1078’) 65  1090 

Unrecorded  140  1230 

Coal  (one  of  the  Pottsville) 6 1236 

Unrecorded  72  1308 

Salt  sand  (gas,  1323';  second  gas,  1365')  (0.4  mercury 

in  81A”  casing)  and  unrecorded  to  bottom 97  1405 

10"  casing,  275';  8%"  casing,  848'. 


The  well  starts  about  75  feet  below  the  Uniontown  coal ; 
hence,  the  Pittsburgh  coal  horizon  belongs  at  about  220  feet 
in  the  well,  making  the  beds  at  500'  and  605'  correlate  with 
the  Harlem  and  Bakerstown  coals,  respectively,  and  the  oil 
horizon  at  718  feet  in  the  top  of  the  Big  Dunkard  sand,  and  not 
the  Little  Dunkard  as  given  in  the  original  log.  In  addition 
to  oil,  the  well  had  an  initial  gas  production  in  the  Salt  sand 
of  5,965,000  cubic  feet  daily  as  calculated  from  the  test  men- 
tioned in  the  above  log.  Another  well  (172),  drilled  within 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


359 


15  feet  of  the  No.  173,  just  mentioned,  is  a fine  gasser  in  the 
Big  Injun  sand. 

Leeman  Maxwell  No.  4 Well  Record  (174). 


Located  in  West  Union  District,  on  Bluestone  creek,  4 miles  due 
south  of  West  Union.  Authority,  Carnegie  Natural  Gas  Company. 


Thickness. 

Total. 

(Elevation, 

1005'  B-A. 

T.) 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Unrecorded  . . . 

1268 

1268 

Salt  sand  (gas, 

1273') 

28 

1296 

Unrecorded  . . , 

44 

1340 

Salt  sand  (gas, 

1344')  and 

unrecorded 

to  bottom . 

16 

1356 

10"  casing, 

169';  8%" 

casing,  864'; 

4"  casing, 

590';  3"  tubing,  760'. 

Pressure  test  in  pounds  to  the  sq.  inch: 

1st  % minute,  340  lbs.  4th  minute,  395  lbs. 

1st  minute,  340  lbs.  5th  minute,  400  lbs. 

2nd  minute,  370  lbs.  15th  minute,  450  lbs. 

3rd  minute,  380  lbs.  Rock  pressure,  610  lbs. 


The  well  starts  40  feet  below  the  Uniontown  limestone, 
according  to  D.  B.  Reger ; hence,  the  Pittsburgh  coal  horizon 
belongs  at  about  275  feet  in  the  well. 


Leeman  Maxwell  No.  6 Well  Record  (175). 

Located  in  West  Union  District,  3 y2  miles  south  of  West  Union. 
Authority,  Carnegie  Natural  Gas  Company.  Completed  April  13,  1910. 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  * 1322  1322 

Salt  sand  (gas,  1330')  to  bottom 18  1340 

10"  casing,  169';  8 casing,  864';  4"  casing,  590';  3"  tubing,  760'. 
Pressure  test  in  pounds  to  the  square  inch  in  3"  tubing. 

1st  V2  minute,  185  lbs.  4th  minute,  440  lbs. 

1st  minute,  350  lbs.  5th  minute,  440  lbs. 

3rd  minute,  435  lbs.  Rock  pressure,  480  lbs. 


Along  the  southwest  border  of  West  Union  district, 
there  occur  a number  of  Big  Injun  sand  gassers  along  the 
steep  western  slopes  of  the  Arches  Fork  anticline. 

In  addition  to  their  summarized  record  as  published  in 
the  table  of  wells  for  Doddridge  county,  page  290,  the  more 
detailed  logs  of  the  following  list  of  wells  located  in  this; 
region,  are  published  on  the  pages  indicated  of  Volume  1(A) 
of  the  State  Survey  reports : 


360 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Mapj 
No.  I 


Name  of  Well. 


169 

179 


Jacob  Netzer  No.  1. 
Harvey  Smith  No.  1 


L80  (Harvey  Smith  No.  2 


| Page  of 

Location.  ;Vol.  1(A). 

.J2 y3  miles  S.  W.  of  West  Union.)  300 
. |4  miles  S.  of  Central  Station.. | 301 

.| V2  mile  S.  W.  of  well  No.  179. .)  301 


Well  No.  179  made  some 'oil  in  Maxton  and  gas  in  Big 
Injun,  but  considered  almost  the  same  as  a dry  hole  by.  the 
Company.  In  the  two  Smith  wells  (Nos.  179  and  180)  a 
heavy  flow  of  gas  was  struck  in  the  Big  Injun. 

The  four  following  records  of  other  wells  in  this  field 
give  much  valuable  data  as  to  the  oil  and  gas  horizons  and 
coal  beds : 


Lewis  Maxwell  No.  1 Well  Record  (167). 


Located  in  West  Union  District  on  Pritchard  run,  2 miles  south- 
west of  West  Union.  Authority,  Philadelphia  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  832'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  167  167 

Native  coal  (Uniontown) 3 170 

Unrecorded  270  440 

Coal,  Pittsburgh?  (Redstone) 5 445 

Unrecorded  485  930 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 25  955 

Unrecorded  25  980 

Big  Dunkard  sand 15  995 

Unrecorded  125  1120 

Gas  sand 75  1195 

Unrecorded  35  1230 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run) 82  1312 

Unrecorded  218  1630 

Maxton  sand 20  1650 

Unrecorded  75  1725 

Little  lime 20  1745 

Pencil  cave 12  1757 

Big  Lime 93  1850 

Sand,  Big  Injun?  (Keener)  (gas,  1876') 22  1872 

Break  4 1876 

Sand,  Big  Injun  (oil,  1900';  gas,  1905') 34  1910 

Unrecorded  162  2072 

Sand,  Berea?  (Squaw)  (show  of  black  oil,  2085') 88  2160 

Unrecorded  315  2475 

Sand,  Gordon?  (Gordon  Stray)  shells  with  pebbles 20  2495 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 558  3053 


The  well  starts  50  feet  below  the  Washington  coal. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


361 


Lafayette  Fleming  No.  1 Well  Record  (176). 


Located  in  West  Union  District  on  Right  fork,  3%  miles  south 
30°  west  of  West  Union.  Authority,  Carter  Oil  Company.  Completed 


January  19,  1901. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  860'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  600  600 

Cave  225  825 

Sand,  Cow  Run  (I  Cow  Run)  (oil,  837') 75  900 

Unrecorded  23  923 

Sand,  Salt?  (Big  Dunkard  and  Burning  Springs)  (water 

940')  100  1023 

Unrecorded  535  1558 

Maxton  sand 57  1615 

Unrecorded  5 1620 

Big  Lime  (gas,  1632') 80  1700 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1710') 66  1766 

Unrecorded  535  2301 

Stray  sand 12  2313 

Unrecorded  6 2319 

Gordon  sand  (poor) 8 2327 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 118  2445 


10"  casing,  451';  8%"  casing,  850';  6 *4"  casing,  1621'. 

J.  Wesley  Smith  No.  1 Well  Record  (178). 


Located  in  West  Union  District.  1%  miles  northeast  of  Nay. 
Authority,  Carter  Oil  Company.  Completed  July  19,  1901. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  925'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  (no  Pittsburgh  coal) 600  600 

Cave  350  950 

Unrecorded  50  1000 

Sand,  Cow  Rwn?  (Burning  Springs) 25  1025 

Unrecorded  200  1225 

Sand,  Salt.  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt) 100  1325 

Unrecorded  215  1540 

Maxton  sand,  hard 25  1565 

Unrecorded  . . . 110  1675 

Big  Lime,  hard  (light  gas,  1680') 78  1753 

Big  Injun  sand  (fair  gas,  1763') 75  1828 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 29  1857 


Ed  Smith  No.  1934  Well  Record  (181). 

Located  in  West  Union  District,  3%  miles  south  of  Central 
Station.  Authority,  Philadelphia  Company.  Completed  Aug.  3,  1904. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  940'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  60  60 

Coal,  native  (Waynesburg  “A”) 10  70 

Unrecorded  480  550 


362 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Pittsburgh  coal  5 555 

Unrecorded  245  800 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (Grafton) 60  860 

Unrecorded  150  1010 

Big  Dunkard  sand 66  1076 

Unrecorded  49  1125 

Sand,  Salt?  (Burning  Springs  and  “Gas”) 200  1325 

Unrecorded  99  14L1 

Salt  sand  46  1460 

Unrecorded  216  1676 

Coal,  (No.  2 Gas?) 7 1683 

Unrecorded  85  1768 

Maxton  sand  70  1838 

Unrecorded  12  1850 

Big  Lime  (oil,  1850',  2 bbl.) 70  1920 

Big  Injun  sand '(gas,  1931'  and  I960') 80  2000 

Unrecorded  515  2515 

Gordon  sand  35  2550 

Unrecorded  160  2710 

Fifth  sand  20  2730 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 113  2843 


The  above  is  an  interesting  record  in  that  a 2-barrel  oil 
pay  was  encountered  in  the  top  of  the  Big  Lime.  The  well  is 
a good  gasser  in  the  Big  Injun  sand. 

Prospective  Oil  and  Gas  Territory,  West  Union  District. 
— West  Union  district  has  not  been  prospected  to  quite  the 
extent  that  McClellan  and  Grant  have  undergone ; hence,  there 
yet  remains  a large  acreage  of  territory  that  is  favored  by 
geologic  structure,  and  has  not  yet  been  condemned  by  pres- 
ent development.  Considering  these  areas  northwest  to  south- 
east across  the  district;  (1)  that,  along  the  crest  of  the  Big 
Moses  anticline  northwest  from  Nutter  fork  to  the  Tyler- 
Doddridge  county  line,  and  south  and  west  of  Camp  Mistake 
and  Gorby  runs,  respectively,  appears  very  favorable  for  Big 
Injun  sand  gas;  (2)  that,  along  the  axis  of  the  Burchfield 
syncline  northeastward  from  the  Frank  Smith  oil  pool  on 
Piggin  run  to  West  Union-Grant  district  line,  for  Big  Injun 
sand  oil ; (3)  that,  immediately  northwest  of  the  intersection 
of  the  80°  45'  meridan  and  the  39°  15'  parellel  of  north  latitude, 
for  Salt,  Big  Injun,  Gordon  Stray  and  Gordon  gas;  (4)  and 
that,  in  the  extreme  southern  border  of  the  district,  included 
in  the  drainage  basin  of  Left  fork  of  Arnolds  creek  south  of 
the  fork  of  the  private  roads  at  the  Maxwell  wells  (172  and 
173),  for  gas. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


363 


CENTRAL  DISTRICT. 

Central  district  occupies  the  extreme  western  portion  of 
Doddridge  and  it  is  bounded  on  the  west  by  Ritchie  county. 
Its  entire  area  lies  within  the  Burchfield  Basin.  The  axis  of 
this  structural  fold  traverses  the  district  in  a northeast- 
southwest  direction,  and  bisects  it  into  two  nearly  equal 
parts.  While  the  structure  in  a large  measure  favors  the 
segregation  of  oil  and  gas  at  the  several  horizons  into  pools 
of  commercial  value,  yet  the  developments  thus  far  have  been 
rather  discouraging.  Two  small  oil  pools  have  been  opened; 
viz.,  the  Harris  oil  pool  in  the  Big  Injun  sand  near  Orontes, 
and  the  Douglas  oil  pool  in  the  Maxton  sand,  1.2  miles  north 
75°-80°  east  of  Joy.  Recently  some  very  heavy  gassers  in 
the  Big  Injun  sand  have  been  reported  along  the  crest  and 
slopes  of  the  Big  Moses  anticline  just  across  the  county  line 
in  the  extreme  southern  portion  of  Tyler ; hence,  it  would  ap- 
pear that  the  northwestern  border  of  Central  district  is  favora- 
bly located  for  gas  at  the  same  horizon.  The  development 
from  northwest  to  southwest  and  southeast  will  now  be  con- 
sidered. 

The  following  is  the  record  of  a well  as  published,  with 
some  modifications  in  parentheses,  on  page  524  of  the  Mar- 
shall-Wetzel-Tyler  report  of  the  State  Geol.  Survey: 

Finley  Dotson  No.  1 Well  Record  (T202). 

Located  in  Central  District,  1.1  mile  northeast  of  Orontes. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  770'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  393  393 

Coal,  poor,  Pittsburgh?  (Redstone?) 1 394 

Unrecorded  246  640 

Cave  270  910 

^and,  Cow  Run?  (Big  Dunkard) 30  940 

Unrecorded  195  1135 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt) 130  1265 

Unrecorded  . f 75  1340 

Salt  sand  (Oil  show,  1446') 160  1500 

Unrecorded  140  1640 

Cave,  bad  (Pencil) 15  1655 

Big  Lime,  poor 43  1698 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas  show,  1698'  and  1815') 117  1815 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 69  1884 

“Considered  dry  and  abandoned.” 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


364 


The  well  starts  95  feet  by  hand-level  below  the  Wash- 
ington coal ; hence,  the  bed  at  393  feet  may  represent  the 
Redstone  coal. 

One  mile  northeastward,  the  W.  C.  Griffith  No.  1 well 
(182)  was  a light  gasser  in  the  Big  Injun  sand. 

Southwestward  on  Long  run  the  Carter  Oil  Company 
opened  a small  Big  Injun  sand  oil  pool  on  the  Harris  farm 
near  Orontes  in  1902.  It  is  located  on  a structural  terrace 
on  the  eastern  slope  of  the  Big  Moses  anticline.  The  follow- 
ing is  the  record  of  the  first  well.  It  starts  10  feet  below  the 
Washington  coal: 


Carter-Harris  No.  1 Well  Record  (192). 


Located  in  Central  District,  y2 

mile  southwest 

of  Orontes. 

Au- 

thority,  Carter  Oil  Company.  Drilled  in  1902. 

Thickness. 

Total. 

(Elevation,  825'  B-A.  T.) 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Unrecorded  

675 

Cave,  bad 

305 

980 

Sand,  poor,  Cow  Run  (I  Cow  Run) . . 

. . . . 15 

995 

Unrecorded  

. ...  215 

1210 

Sand,  Salt?  (“Gas”  and  II  Cow  Run) 

(water,  1260') . 

. ...  125 

1335 

Unrecorded  

. ...  190 

1525 

Salt  sand 

. . . . 45 

1570 

Unrecorded  

125 

1695 

Cave  

30 

1725 

Big  Lime 

. . . . 50 

1775 

Big  Injun  sand  (oil,  1783-1789') 

. . . . 25 

1800 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 

14 

1814 

The  well  started  ofif  with  a production  of  over  200  barrels 
daily  from  the  Big  Injun  sand,  but  fell  ofif  very  rapidly.  Out 
of  seven  other  wells  drilled  immediately  surrounding  this 
well,  only  two  produced  oil  in  paying  quantities ; viz.,  the 
Williamson  Heirs  No.  (191)  and  B.  C.  Powell  No.  1 (194). 

The  record  of  well  No.  191  is  given  partially  in  the  table 
of  wells  for  Doddridge  county,  and  in  detail  on  page  302  of 
Vol.  1(A)  of  the  State  Survey.  The  following  is  the  record 
of  another  well  in  this  pool. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


365 


Daniel  H.  Harris  No.  3 Well  Record  (193). 

Located  in  Central  District,  0.6  mi’e  southwest  of  Orontes.  Au- 
thority, Carter  Oil  Company.  Completed  Aug.  15,  1902. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  835'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1785  1785 

Big  Injun  sand  (oil,  1794'-1796';  gas,  1792'-1794') 105  1890 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 5 1895 


This  well  proved  a fair  gasser  in  the  Big  Injun  sand. 
The  summarized  records  of  wells  Nos.  194  and  195  located 
nearby  are  given  in  the  table  of  wells  for  Doddridge  county, 
page  290. 

The  following  is  the  record  of  a gas  well  located  one- 
naif  mile  northwest  of  the  Harris  oil  pool  on  Hugle  run : 


John  Harris  No.  1 Well  Record  (190). 

Located  in  Central  District,  21/4  miles  north  75c  west  of  Central 
Station.  Authority,  Carter  Oil  Company.  Completed  in  1902  or  1903. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  835'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  (no  Pittsburgh  coal) 716  716 

Cave  274  990 

Sand,  Cow  Run  (I  Cow  Run) 15  1005 

Unrecorded  225  1230 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run)  (water,  1245') 65  1295 

Unrecorded  105  1400 

Salt  sand 47  1447 

Unrecorded  68  1515 

Sand,  Maxton?  (Salt) 25  1540 

Unrecorded  187  1727 

Big  Lime 51  1778 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1778'-1786') 93  1871 

Unrecorded  to  bottom •. . 39  1910 

“Fair  gas  well  in  Big  Injun.” 


Southeastward  along  the  Burchfield  Basin  there  have 
been  drilled  several  practically  dry  holes.  The  following 
records  give  interesting  data  for  this  region 


366 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


John  Chisler  No.  1 Well  Record  (186). 


Located  in  'Central  District,  % mile  southwest  of  Central  Station. 
Authority,  Carter  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  900'  B.  A-T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  780  780 

Cave  280  1060 

Sand,  Cow  Run  (I  Cow  Run) 20  1080 

Unrecorded  234  1314 

Sand,  Salt?  (“Gas”  and  II  Cow  Run) 145  1459 

Unrecorded  196  1645 

Sand,  Maxton?  (Salt) 38  1683 

Unrecorded  169  1852 

Big  Lime  64  1916 

Big  Injun  sand  (oil  and  gas  show,  1975') 59  1975 

Unrecorded  260  2235 

Berea  Grit  45  2280 

Unrecorded  345  2625 

Gordon  sand  (shells)  and  ‘unrecorded  to  bottom 460  3085 

“Dry  hole.” 


W.  A.  Duckworth  No.  1 Well  Record  (188). 


Located  in  Central  District,  1%  miles  southwest  of  Central 
Station.  Authority,  Carter  Oil  Company.  Completed  February  10, 
1904. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  865'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  80  80 

Coal,  Washington 2 82 

Unrecorded  489  571 

Coal,  (Redstone?)  1 572 

Unrecorded  153  725 

Cave  385  1110 

Sand,  Cow  Run?  (Big  Dunkard) 30  1140 

Unrecorded  60  1200 

Sand,  Salt?  (“Gas”  and  II  Cow  Run) 272  1472 

Unrecorded  132  1604 

Sand,  Maxton?  (Salt) 70  1674 

Unrecorded  174  1848 

Cave  17  1865 

Big  Lime  (gas  show,  1914') 51  1916 

Big  Injun  sand  (oil  show,  1994') 78  1994 

Unrecorded  to  bottom < 87  2081 


10"  casing,  474';  S1/^"  casing,  1110';  6%"  casing,  1865'. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


367 


Frank  Cooper  No.  1 Well  Record  (189). 


Located  in  Central  District,  y2  mile  northeast  of  Duckworth 
Station.  Authority,  Carter  Oil  Company. 


Thickness. 

(Elevation,  980'  B-A.  T.)  Feet. 

Unrecorded  180 

Cave  1 

Unrecorded  467 

Coal,  (Redstone?)  1 

Unrecorded  126 

Cave  75 

Sand,  Cow  Run?  (Murphy) 30 

Cave  20 

Sand,  Cow  Run?  (Grafton) 25 

Unrecorded  348 

Sand,  Salt?  (“Gas”) 50 

Unrecorded  108 

Salt  sand  215 

Unrecorded  174 

Maxton  sand  40 

Unrecorded  41 

Cave  2 

Big  Lime  68 

Big  Injun  sand  (oil  show,  2036') 55 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 110 


10"  casing,  587';  8*4"  casing,  1130';  6%"  casing,  1876'. 
“Show  of  dark  oil  in  Big  Injun.  Never  saved.” 


Total. 

Feet. 

180 

181 

648 

649 
775 
850 
880 
900 
925 

1273 

1323 

1431 

1646 

1820 

1860 

1901 

1903 

1971 

2026 

2136 


Wycliff  Bee  No.  1 Well  Record  (201). 

Located  in  Central  District,  1*4  miles  southeast  of  Duckworth 
Station.  Authority,  Carter  Oil  Company.  Completed  January  15,  1903. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  945'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  690  690 

Pittsburgh  Coal 1 691 

Unrecorded  1337  2028 

Big  Injun  sand 89  2117 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 30  2147 


The  above  well  is  located  near  the  axis  of  the  Burch- 
field syncline.  The  latter  resembles  a rude  canoe  in  Central 
district,  with  its  upturned  northeast  end  at  Central  Station, 
and  southwest  end  at  the  Doddridge-Ritchie  county  line. 
One-half  mile  southeastward  from  the  above  well,  the  Carter 
Oil  Company  drilled  another  dry  hole  (202)  on  the  L.  D. 
Stuck  farm,  the  detailed  log  of  which  is  published  on  page 
303  of  Vol.  I.  (A)  of  the  State  Survey  reports,  and  a brief 
record  in  the  table  of  wells  for  Doddridge  county,  page  290. 


368 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


This  well  starts  5 feet  below  the  Washington  “A”  coal. 

Southwestward  1.5  mile's,  there  occurs  a small  oil  pool 
in  the  Maxton  sand.  The  following  well  record  and  data  ex- 
hibit the  horizon  at  which  the  oil  is  encountered : 

S.  H.  Douglas  No.  1 Well  Record  (204). 

Located  in  Central  District,  2 miles  north  of  Nay.  Authority, 
Carter  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  900'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1760  1760 

Maxton  sand  (oil,  1772'-1777') 20  1780 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 14  1794 


The  well  starts  almost  flush  with  the  Washington  ‘‘A” 
coal,  or  130  feet  above  the  Washington  coal  horizon  (See 
Greenwood  section,  page  80,  for  interval)  ; hence,  the  Pitts- 
burgh coal  horizon  belongs  at  about  650  feet  in  the  well. 
The  oil  horizon  then  evidently  correlates  with  the  Maxton 
sand. 

The  extreme  southeast  point  of  Central  district  reaches 
far  enough  up  on  the  west  slope  of  the  Arches  Fork  anticline 
to  catch  the  Big  Injun  sand  gas  pool  of  West  Union  dis- 
trict. The  following  is  the  record  of  a gas  well  at  this  horizon 
near  the  district  line: 


Jack  Cunningham  No.  1933  Well  Record  (205) 


Located  in  Central  District,  2 miles  north  of  Nay.  Authority, 
Philadelphia  Company.  Completed  Oct.  9,  1905. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1060'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  390  390 

Coal,  native  (Uniontown) 3 393 

Unrecorded  269  662 

Coal,  Pittsburgh?  (Redstone?) 3 665 

Unrecorded  385  1050 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 40  1090 

Unrecorded  70  1160 

Big  Dunkard  sand 30  1190 

Unrecorded  55  1245 

Gas  sand 40  1285 

Unrecorded  142  1427 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run) 25  1452 

Unrecorded  458  1910 

Maxton  sand 30  1940 


PLATE  X (a). — Greenbrier  Oil  Field  and  Topography  of  the  Dunkard  series. 


PLATE  X (b). — Same  as  above. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


369 


Thickness.  Total 
Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  (gas,  1958') 40  1980 

Big  Lime 5 1985 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1986') 63  2048 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 2 2050 

10"  casing,  595';  S%"  casing,  1160';  6%"  casing,  1690'. 

Pressure  to  the  square  inch  in  6%"  casing: 

1st  minute,  80  lbs.  15th  .minute,  330  lbs. 

5th  minute,  210  lbs.  30th  minute,  370  .lbs. 

Westward  down  Cabin  run  a dry  hole  (206)  was  drilled 
by  the  Carter  Oil  Company  on  the  Nancy  Smith  farm;  and 
another,  one-fifth  mile  southeast  from  Joy  on  the  F.  A.  Leach 
farm  (207).  The  latter  is  located  nearly  on  the  axis  of  the 
Burchfield  Basin. 

Two  miles  northwestward,  near  the  Doddridge-Ritchie 
county  line,  a well  (198)  was  drilled  about  20  years  ago  by 
Murphy  & Jennings  on  the  Wm.  Flanagan  farm,  the  detailed 
record  of  which  is  used  in  connection  with  the  section  for 
Greenwood,  page  80.  A fair  show  of  oil  and  gas  was  en- 
countered in  the  Maxton  sand  in  this  well,  and  some  gas  in 
the  Big  Injun  and  Gantz  sands. 

Prospective  Oil  and  Gas  Territory,  Central  District. — 
As  will  readily  be  observed  from  the  foregoing  pages,  the 
search  for  oil  and  gas  in  Central  district  has  not  thus  far 
been  very  successful,  yet  there  is  included  within  its  boundar- 
ies quite  a large  acreage  that  has  not  been  condemned  by  dry 
holes,  and  which  is  favored  by  geologic  structure.  Considering 
these  areas  from  north  to  south  across  the  district ; (1)  that, 
in  the  extreme  northern  point  of  its  area  along  the  axis  of  the 
Big  Moses  anticline  appears  favorable  for  Big  Injun  sand 
gas,  in  view  of  other  wells  at  this  horizon  both  to  the  north- 
east and  southwest;  (2)  that  portion  of  the  district  from 
Tollgate  eastward  to  the  325-foot  structure  contour  of  the 
Pittsburgh  coal  bed  as  outlined  on  the  economic  geology 
map  accompanying  this  report,  appears  good  for  Big  Injun 
gas,  located,  as  this  territory  is,  so  near  the  crest  of  the  Big 
Moses  arch  and  to  the  southwest  of  a fair  Big  Injun  gas  well 
on  the  John  Harris  (190)  farm  on  Hugle  run  ; and  (3)  that, 
drained  by  Arnold  creek  northwest  from  Central  Station  to 


370 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


the  gas  well  (183)  on  the  W.  Harrison  Piggott  farm,  0.3  mile 
north  of  the  mouth  of  Licks  run,  appears  favorable  for  Big 
Injun  sand  gas. 

SOUTHWEST  DISTRICT. 

Southwest  district  occupies  the  southwest  portion  of 
Doddridge  county.  Its  area  is  traversed  in  an  almost  north 
and  south  direction  by  the  great  Arches  Fork  anticline.  A 
glance  at  the  structure  contour  map  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal 
bed  in  this  portion  of  the  county,  will  show  that  much  relief 
prevails  therein.  Here  the  latter  coal  varies  from  275  feet 
above  tide  in  the  extreme  western  point  of  the  district  to  700 
feet  above  the  same  datum  in  the  northeastern  corner  of  its 
area.  The  central  and  northwest  portions  have  not  been  thor- 
oughly tested,  but  sufficient  drilling  has  been  done  to  show  that 
the  Big  Injun  sand  gas  pool  of  West  Union  district  reaches  at 
least  partly  across  Southwest  district.  On  the  extreme 
eastern  border  of  the  latter  area  there  are  about  75  oil  wells 
in  the  Gordon  sand  in  what  is  known  as  the  Stout  oil  pool. 
As  mentioned  at  the  beginning  of  this  chapter  the  latter  pool 
was  opened  by  the  Carter  Oil  Company,  February  1,  1899. 
This  Company  also  opened  another  small  oil  pool  on  the 
W.  B.  Maxwell  farm,  2 miles  northwest  from  Kelly,  at  the 
same  horizon. 

The  development  of  the  oil  and  gas  fields’  will  now  be 
considered  from  northwest  to  southeast  across  the  district. 

Attempts  have  been  made  to  extend  the  Big  Injun  sand 
gas  pool  on  the  head  of  Right  fork  of  Arnold  creek  to  the 
southwest  without  much  success.  The  following  is  the 
record  of  a well  in  this  region : 

D.  M.  Haught  No.  1 Well  Record  (209). 

Located  in  Southwest  District,  2%  miles  northeast  of  Oxford. 
Authority,  Philadelphia  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  940'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  230  230 

Coal,  (Lower  Uniontown) iy2  23iy2 

Unrecorded  (no  Pittsburgh  coal) 703^  935 

Sand,  First  Cow  Run 35  970 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


371 


Sand,  Second  Cow  Run?  (Big  Dunkard) 

Unrecorded  

Sand,  Salt?  (“Gas”) 

Unrecorded  

Salt  sand 

Unrecorded  

Blue  Monday  sand 

Big  Lime 

Keener  sand  (little  gas) 

Big  Injun  sand 

Unrecorded  

Sand,  Berea?  (Squaw) 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 


Thickness.  Total. 


Feet. 

Feet. 

85 

1055 

120 

1175 

25 

1200 

410 

1610 

66 

1676 

109 

1785 

15 

1800 

25 

1825 

15 

1840 

50 

1890 

164 

2054 

134 

2188 

690 

2878 

The  well  starts  about  60  feet  below  the  Washington  coal ; 
hence,  the  Pittsburgh  coal  horizon  belongs  at  about  460  feet. 
The  Gordon  group  of  sands  is  not  represented  in  this  region, 
as  will  appear  in  the  log  of  the  W.  L.  Stinespring  No.  1 well 
(209),  published  on  page  304  of  Vol.  1(A)  of  the  State 
Survey  Reports,  located  one  mile  southwest  of  the  Haught 
well  (209). 

The  following  is  the  log  of  an  old  well  located  at  Oxford. 
The  record  is  as  published  in  Vol.  I (exhausted)  of  the  State 
Reports,  with  some  modifications  in  parentheses  by  the 
writer.  The  well  starts  45  feet  below  the  Washington  coal: 


C.  P.  Broadwater  No.  1 Well  Record  (211). 

Located  at  Oxford,  Southwest  District.  Authority,  Carter  Oil 
Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  810'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  (water,  230',  250',  and  525') 700  700 

Sand,  (Murphy) 15  715 

Limestone  30  745 

Sand,  very  hard  (Grafton) 5 750 

Sandy  shale  and  slate 40  790 

Red  shale  (cave  at  810')  (Pittsburgh) 50  840 

Blue  sandy  shale 35  875 

Blue  sand  and  shale  (I  Cow  Run) 52  927 

Coal,  (Brush  Creek) 3 930 

Dark  shale 35  965 

Sand,  Dunkard,  (Big  Dunkard)  (oil  show) 50  1015 

Dark  shale  and  limestone 45  1060 

Sand,  hard  (Burning  Springs) 10  1070 

Dark  shale,  black  slate  and  limestone 90  1160 

B’.ue  sandy  shale  and  sand  in  streaks 103  1263 

Slate,  black 10  1273 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Coal  Kittanning?  (Clarion) 

1277 

Slate,  black 

15 

1292 

Sand,  (II  Cow  Run) 

55' 

Coal,  (Tionesta)  

3 

Slate,  black  

43 

Sand,  (I  Salt) 

53 

Slate,  black  

10 

Coal,  (Quakertown)  

3 

Salt?  

272 

1564 

Slate,  black 

.11 

Sand  white  (II  Salt) 

35 

Sand,  dark,  (II  Salt) 

40 

Dark  shale  and  sand 

19 

Big  Lime?  Mountain? 

. . . . 18 

1582 

Dark  Lime,  shale  and  hard  shell. . . 

....  82 

1664 

Sand,  Big  Injun?  (Maxton) 

....  24 

1688 

Unrecorded  

....  342 

2030 

Sand,  Berea?  Gantz?  and  Fifty-foot 

? (Squaw) 

....  72 

2102 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 

4 

2106 

“Made  less  than  one  barrel  a day  after  shooting  in  the  Big  Injun.” 


The  Pittsburgh  coal  horizon  belongs  at  480  feet  in  the 
well ; hence,  the  oil  pay  occurs  in  the  Maxton  sand  and  not 
the  Big  Injun.  The  Pittsburgh  coal-Big  Injun  sand  inter- 
val is  1361  feet  in  the  W.  L.  Stinespring  No.  1 well  (210), 
located  one  mile  northeast  from  Oxford. 

The  two  following  records  are  from  comparatively  dry 
holes  on  Sugar  run  southeast  of  Oxford : 


David  W.  Gray  No.  2 Well  Record  (213). 


Located  in  Southwest  District,  % mile  southeast  of  Oxford. 
Authority,  Carter  Oil  Co.  Completed,  July  16,  1900. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  840',  B.  A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  470  470 

Pittsburgh  coal 4 474 

Unrecorded  166  640 

Sand,  Cow  Run?  (Murphy) 60  700 

Unrecorded  260  960 

Sand,  Cow  Run?  (Big  Dunkard) 40  1000 

Unrecorded  675  1675 

Maxton  sand  30  1705 

Unrecorded  30  1735 

Big  Lime  50  1785 

Unrecorded  30  1815 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1830') 40  1855 

Unrecorded  205  2060 

Sand,  Berea?  (Squaw) 30  2090 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 31  2121 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


373 


David  W.  Gray  No.  1 Well  Record  (214). 

Located  in  Southwest  District,  1 mile  southeast  of  Oxford. 
Authority,  Carter  Oil  Company.  Completed  April  24,  1899. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  860'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  480  480 

Ccal,  Pittsburgh?  (Little  Pittsburgh),  small  show 0 480 

Unrecorded  1160  1640 

Big  Lime  78  1718 

Big  Injun  sand,  poor 4 1722 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 33  1755 


The  well  starts  about  115  feet  below  the  Washington 
coal  bed ; hence,  the  Pittsburgh  coal  horizon  belongs  at  about 
425  feet  in  the  well.  Thus  it  appears  quite  probable  that 
the  well  did  not  quite  reach  the  main  Big  Injun  sand,  and 
for  that  reason  is  hardly  a test  for  the  head  of  Sugar  run. 

The  following  is  the  record  of  a gas  well  located  1.3 
miles  northeastward  on  South  fork,  nearly  on  the  strike  of 
the  strata  from  the  Gray  No.  1 well  (214).  The  well  starts 
130  to  140  feet  below  the  Washington  coal ; hence,  the  Pitts- 
burgh coal  belongs  at  about  400  feet  in  the  well : 


Granville  S.  Nutter  No.  1932  Well  Record  (212). 


Located  in  Southwest  District,  1%  miles  northeast  of  Oxford 
Authority,  Philadelphia  Company. 


(Elevation,  830'  B-A.  T.) 
Unrecorded  (No  Pittsburgh  coal) . 
Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (I  Cow  Run) 

Unrecorded  

Sand,  “Gas”?  (Burning  Springs).. 

Sand,  Salt?  (“Gas”) 

Unrecorded  

Maxton  sand 

Unrecorded  

Big  Lime  

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1750') 

Unrecorded  

Gordon  sand  

Unrecorded  

Fifth  sand  

Unrecorded  to  bottom 


Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 
. ...  870  870 

. ...  40  910 

96  1006 

. . . . 60  1066 

. ...  50  1116 

. ...  484  1600 

. .. . 40  1640 

. . . . 50  1690 

. . . . 55  1745 

. . . . 90  1835 

. ...  590  2425 

. . . . 75  2500 

. ...  140  2640 

. ...  20  2660 

. . . . 78  2738 


The  following  is  the  record  of  a Big  Injun  gas  well  near 
the  crest  of  the  Arches  Fork  anticline  on  Sheep  run.  The 
depth  and  thickness  of  the  coal  mentioned  therein,  as  well 


374 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


as  the  depths  to  the  Big  Injun  and  Gordon  sands  were  copied 
from  the  log  as  furnished  Mr.  Nutter  by  a driller  on  the  well. 
The  balance  of  the  record  was  obtained  from  the  Carter  Oil 
Company : 

Eli  Nutter  No.  1 Well  Record  (215). 


Located  in  Southwest  District,  iy2  miles  east  of  Nay.  Authority, 
Carter  Oil  Company  and  Eli  Nutter.  Completed  February  27,  1903. 

(Elevation,  930'  B-A.  T.) 


Big  Lime  

Big  Injun  sand 

Unrecorded  

Berea  Gric?  (Squaw) 


The  record  fails  to  note  the  horizon  at  which  the 
was  encountered. 


'hickness.  Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

. . 150 

150 

. . 12 

162 

1625 

. . 53 

1678 

1708 

, ..  207 

1915 

, . . 10 

192a 

. 390 

2315 

, . . 87 

2402 

which 

the  gas- 

Three-fourths  mile  due  southward,  the  same  company 
drilled  a well  on  the  W.  B.  Maxwell  farm,  in  which  a show- 
ing -of  oil  was  encountered  in  what  appears  to  be  the  Gas 
sand.  Gas  was  also  struck  in  both  the  Big  Injun  and  Gordon 
sands.  The  Pittsburgh  coal  horizon  should  come  at  about 
260  feet  in  this  well,  the  log  of  which  is  as  follows : 


W.  Brent  Maxwell  No.  6 Well  Record  (216). 

Located  in  Southwest  District,  2 y2  miles  due  east  of  Oxford.  Au- 
thority, Carter  Oil  Company.  Completed  Aug.  10,  1900. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  895'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1000  1000 

Sand,  Cow  Run?  (Gas  sand)  (oil  show,  1010') 10  1010 

Unrecorded  175  1185 

Sait  sand  (water,  1235') 245  1430 

Unrecorded  170  1600 

Big  Lime 70  1670 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1760') 80  1750 

Unrecorded  580  2330 

Gordon  sand  (gas,  2330') 4 2334 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 217  2551 


Southwestward  2.5  miles,  the  Carter  Oil  Company  drilled 
a light  gasser  in  the  Big  Lime,  near  the  Doddridge-Ritchie: 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


375 


county  line.  The  well  starts  120  feet  below  the  Washington 
coal  bed ; hence,  the  Pittsburgh  coal  horizon  should  come  at 
a depth  of  about  425  feet  in  the  well,  the  record  of  which  is 
as  follows : 

M.  H.  Wilson  No.  1 Well  Record  (217). 

Located  in  Southwest  District,  1%  miles  northwest  of  Summers. 
Authority,  Carter  Oil  Company.  Completed  March  25,  1902. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  935'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  496  496 

Coal,  Pittsburgh?  (Little  Clarksburg) 3 499 

Unrecorded  241  740 

Cave  205  945 

Unrecorded  95  1040 

Sand,  Cow  Run?  (Gas  sand)..... 80  1120 

Unrecorded  30  1150 

Sand,  Salt?  (Clarion) 20  1170 

Unrecorded  184  1354 

Sait  sand 121  1475 

Unrecorded  183  1658 

Maxton  sand 25  1683 

Unrecorded  25  1708 

Big  Lime  (light  gas) 42  1750 

Unrecorded  83  1833 

Big  Injun  sand 33  1866 

Unrecorded  184  2050 

Sand,  Berea?  (Squaw) 35  2085 

Unrecorded  to  'bottom 31  2116 


Passing  about  two  miles  eastward,  there  occur  two  Big 
Injun  sand  gassers  on  Upper  and  Camp  runs,  slightly  east 
of  the  crest  of  the  Arches  Fork  anticline.  The  complete 
record  of  one  of  these  wells;  viz.,  E.  M.  Gaston  No.  1 (218), 
is  published  on  page  300  of  Vol.  1(A)  of  the  State  Survey 
reports.  The  record  of  the  other  is  as  follows : 

S.  M.  Gaston  No.  1 Well  Record  (219). 

Located  in  Southwest  District,  2 miles  northwest  of  Grove.  Au- 
thority, Carter  Oil  Company.  Completed  July  1,  1902. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  920'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1625  1625 

Big  Lime 75  1700 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1700') 50  1750 

Unrecorded  150  1900 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Squaw) 100  2000 

Unrecorded  290  2290 

Gordon  Stray  sand  (oil  show) 15  2305 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 80  2385 


076 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


The  well  starts-*  15  feet  below  the  Uniontown  coal,  crop- 
ping in  the  road  a short  distance  northeast  of  the  boring. 

About  2.5  miies  northward  there  occurs  a small  oil  pool 
in  the  Gordon  sand  on  Big  run  over  a structural  terrace  near 
the  crest  of  the  anticline.  The  three  following  records  are 
from  wells  in  this  pool : 


W.  B.  Maxwell  No.  8 Well  Record  (220). 

Located  in  Southwest  District,  2 miles  northwest  of  Kelly.  Au- 
thority, Carter  Oil  Company.  Completed  Dec.  2,  1900. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  910'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  758  758 

Sand,  Cow  Run?  (Big  Dunkard)  (oil  show,  808') 58  816 

Unrecorded  359  1275 

Salt  sand  (water,  110'  in) 115  1390 

Unrecorded  66  1456 

Maxton  sand  (good  gas,  1476') 29  1485 

Unrecorded  92  1577 

Big  Lime 73  1650 

Big  Injun  sand * 80  1730 

Unrecorded  340  2070 

Sand,  Berea?  (Gantz) 9 2079 

Unrecorded  180  2259 

Gordon  Stray  sand 9 2268 

Unrecorded  5 2273 

Gordon  sand  (oil,  2274') 6 2279 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 21  2300 


The  well  starts  40  to  50  feet  below  the  base  of  the 
Uniontown  limestone;  hence,  the  Pittsburgh  coal  horizon 
belongs  at  about  230  to  240  feet.  Thus  the  oil  show  at  808 
feet  occurs  in  the  Big  Dunkard  and  not  in  either  of  the  Cow 
Run  sands.  In  addition  to  Gordon  oil,  a good  flow  of  gas  is 
reported  in  the  Maxton  sand. 


W.  B.  Maxwell  No.  2 Well  Record  (221). 

Located  in  Southwest  District,  1 % miles  northwest  of  Kelly. 
Authority,  Carter  Oil  Company.  Completed  April  4,  1900. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  920'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1530  1530 

Big  Lime 75  1605 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1611') 60  1665 

Unrecorded  615  2280 

Gordon  sand  (oil) 6 2286 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 18  2304 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


377 


W.  B.  Maxwell  No.  4 Well  Record  (222). 

Located  in  Southwest  District,  1%  miles  northwest  of  Kelly. 
Authority,  Carter  Oil  Company.  Completed  April  4,  1900. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  940'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1550  1550 

Big  Lime 90  1640 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1720') 80  1720 

Unrecorded  564  2284 

Gordon  sand  (oil,  2290') 8 2292 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 20  2312 


This  well  starts  20  feet  below  the  Uniontown  limestone, 
cropping  in  the  point  northeast  of  the  well ; hence,  the  Pitts- 
burgh coal  horizon  belongs  at  about  270  feet  in  the  weil. 
According  to  information  furnished  Mr.  Reger,  sufficient  gas 
was  obtained  to  run  the  boiler  that  provided  steam  for  the 
well. 

Stout  Oil  Field. — What  is  known  as  the  Stout  oil  field 
of  Doddridge  county  is  that  developed  oil  pool  in  the  Gordon 
sand  which  extends  from  the  head  of  Righthand  fork  of  Lick 
run,  3 miles  northwest  of  New  Milton,  almost  due  south- 
ward 8 miles  to  near  Leopold.  As  mentioned  at  the  begin- 
ning of  this  chapter,  this  pool  was  first  opened  by  the  Carter 
Oil  Company  on  the  S.  W.  Stout  farm  in  February,  1890. 
The  field  is  exceptional  from  a structure  standpoint.  The 
Gordon  sand  contains  no  water  in  this  region,  yet  by  far  the 
greater  portion  of  the  pool  occurs  on  the  steep  structural 
slope  of  the  eastern  flank  of  the  Arches  Fork  anticline.  The 
lenticular  nature  of  the  Gordon  sand  in  this  locality  no 
doubt  in  a large  measure  prevents  the  oil  from  passing  down 
along  this  horizon  into  the  deep  Robinson  Basin  on  the 
southeast  as  it  does  along  the  southeast  border  of  McClellan 
and  Grant  districts,  and  the  eastern  border  of  Greenbrier. 
The  following  table  is  made  up  from  a series  of  wells  ar- 
ranged from  north  to  south  entirely  across  the  length  of  the 
pool,  and  exhibits  not  only  the  elevation  below  tide  of  the  top 
of  the  Gordon  sand,  but  its  depth  and  thickness  as  well. 
The  elevation  of  the  top  of  the  hole  is  expressed  in  feet 
above  tide.  The  table  shows  a total  fall  in  the  Gordon  sand 
along  this  oil  pool  from  north  to  south  of  over  250  feet.  Of 


378 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


course,  it  may  happen  that  along  the  eastern  margin  of  the 
pool,  the  sand,  instead  of  thinning  away,  has  become  close- 
grained  and  hard  and  in  this  way  confined  the  oil  to  the  high 
structural  level  it  occupies.  The  table  shows  that  the  Gordon 
varies  in  thickness  from  1 to  8 feet: 


Table  Showing  Gordon  Sand  Data. — Stout  Oil  Field. 


Map 

No. 


NAME  OF  WELL 


Elevation 
of  Well 
A.  T. 

GORDON  SAND 

Depth 

Elevation 

Below 

Tide 

Thick- 

ness 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

965B  | 

2393 

1428 

4 

925B  | 

2367 

1442 

3 

1070B  | 

2452 

1382 

1 8 

1265B  j 

2673 

1408 

5 

1055B  | 

2531 

1476 

8 

980B 

2397 

1417 

5 

985B  j 

2568 

1583 

8 

930B  | 

2443 

1513 

5 

935B  | 

2421 

1486 

4 

935B  | 

2443 

1508 

5 

990B  | 

2506 

1516 

8 

990B  | 

2572 

1582 

5 

1135B  | 

2796 

1661 

5 

1100B  | 

2655 

1555B 

1 

1075B 

2653 

1578 

5 

1075B  | 

2675 

1600 

5 

990B  | 

2597 

1607 

5 

1125B 

2754 

1629 

7 

1165B  | 

2727 

1562 

4 

930B  | 

2569 

1639 

5 

900L 

2564 

1664 

6 

855B  | 

2539 

1684 

8 

| 930B  | 

j 

258 

259 

260 
261 
262 
223 

265 

225 

226 

227 

228 
229 

266 

267 

234 

235 

237 

236 

268 

238 

240 

241 

239 


Porter  Maxwell  No.  34.. 

Porter  Maxwell  No.  31 . . . 

Mary  E.  Gabber!  No.  1. . 

j Wm.  Stout  No.  S 

j J.  B.  Maxwell  No.  2 

j W.  M.  Stout  No.  10 

j L.  W.  Pearcy  Heirs  No.  1 

J S.  W.  Stout  No.  2 

j S.  W.  Stout  No.  4 

j S.  W.  Stout  No.  1 

| S.  W.  Stout  No.  19 

| S.  W.  Stout  No.  18 

| John  Gribb.e  No.  3 

j John  Gribble  No.  2 

j James  H.  Bode  No.  1. . . . 
j James  H.  Bode  No.  8.... 

| John  A.  Bode  No.  1 

[ John  A.  Bode  No.  2 

| Fred  Fisher  No.  3 

| Wm.  H.  Bode  No.  1 

| W.  M.  Williams  No.  1... 
| John  Wanstreet  No.  1... 
f Andrew  (J.)  Hurst  No.  1. 


The  extreme  eastern  border  of  Southwest  district  holds 
within  its  boundaries  a large  portion  of  the  Stout  oil  field. 
The  five  following  records  of  wells  in  this  pool,  arranged  from 
north  to  south  across  the  district,  give  interesting  data  as  to 
the  oil  and  gas  sands  and  the  apparent  absence  of  commer- 
cial coal  beds : 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


379 


W.  M.  Stout  No.  10  Well  Record  (223). 


Located  in  Southwest  District,  0.8  mile  northeast  of 
Authority,  Carter  Oil  Company.  Completed  June  18,  1901. 


Kelly. 


(Elevation,  980'  B-A. 

T.) 

Thickness. 

Feet. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Unrecorded  

1672 

1672 

Big  Lime  

1726 

Unrecorded  

10 

1736 

Big  Injun  sand 

160 

1896 

Unrecorded  

259 

2155 

Berea  sand  

11 

2166 

Unrecorded  

208 

2374 

Gordon  Stray  sand. ...... 

15 

2389 

Unrecorded  

8 

2397 

Gordon  sand  (oil) 

2402 

Unrecorded  to  bottom. . . 

20 

2422 

10"  casing,  350';  8%' 

' casing,  960';  6%" 

casing,  1707'. 

S.  W.  Stout*  No.  1 Well  Record  (227). 

Located  in  Southwest  District,  0.6  mile  southeast  of 
Authority,  Carter  Oil  Company.  Completed  Feb.  1,  1899. 


Kelly. 


Thickness. 

Total. 

(Elevation,  935'  B-A.  T.) 

Feet. 

Feet 

Unrecorded  

965 

965 

Sand,  (Burning  Springs) 

65 

1030 

Unrecorded  

1220 

Sand,  (Salt,  in  part) 

280 

1500 

Unrecorded  

80 

1580 

Sand,  (Maxton,  Cairo) 

20 

1600 

Unrecorded  

1680 

Big  Lime  

1705 

Sand  95'1 

Slate  5 ]-  Big  Injun 

sand .... 

155 

1860 

Sand  55  J 

Unrecorded  

2443 

Gordon  sand,  all  pay  (oil) 

2448 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 

2484 

“Initial  production,  50  bbls.  of  oil  daily  from 

Gordon.” 

The  above  is  the  first 

well 

drilled 

in  the  field. 

The 

Pittsburgh  coal  horizon  belongs  ; 

at  about 

415  feet  in 

depth 

in  the  well.  The  latter  coal 

appears  to  be  absent  in  all  the 

records  obtained  from  this  field. 


*Vol.  I,  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey,  page  322;  1899. 


330 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


S.  W.  Stout  No.  19  Well  Record  (228). 

Located  in  Southwest  District,  0.8  mile  southwest  of  Kelly. 
Authority,  Carter  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  990’  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1765  1765 

Big  Lime  85  1850 

Big  Injun  sand 100  1950 

Unrecorded  530  2480 

Stray  sand  20  2500 

Unrecorded  6 2506 

Gordon  sand  (oil,  2507'-2512') 8 2514 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 16  2530 


S.  W.  Stout  No.  18  Well  Record  (229). 

Located  in  Southwest  District,  1%  miles  southeast  of  Kelly. 
Authority,  Carter  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  990’  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1870  1870 

Big  Lime  100  1970 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1995') 55  2025 

Unrecorded  525  2550 

Stray  sand  10  2560 

Unrecorded  12  2572 

Gordon  sand  (oil) 5 2577 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 20  2597 


The  initial  production  of  the  wells  in  the  Stout  field 
ranges  from  5 to  100  barrels  daily. 


Prospective  Oil  & Gas  Territory,  Southwest  District. — 

As  mentioned  on  a preceding  page,  there  yet  remains  a large 
acreage  in  Southwest  district  that  has  not  been  condemned 
by  dry  holes  that  appears  to  be  favored  by  both  geologic 
structure  and  present  development.  That  portion  of  the 
district  immediately  southwest  from  the  head  of  Right  fork 
of  Arnold  creek,  lying  to  the  east  of  the  450-foot  structure 
contour  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed  as  outlined  on  the 
economic  geology  map  accompanying  this  report,  seems  very 
favorable  for  Big  Injun  gas;  and  that,  near  the  crest  and 
along  both  sides  of  the  axis  of  the  Arches  Fork  anticline 
from  the  West  Union-Southwest  district  line,  southward  to 
the  Doddridge-Ritchie  county  line,  certainly  is  favored  by 
structure  for  gas  territory. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


381 


COVE  DISTRICT. 


Cove  district  is  situated  in  the  southern  point  of  Dodd- 
ridge county,  and  is  joined  on  the  south  by  Gilmer  and  Lewis 
counties.  Its  entire  area  lies  within  the  Robinson  synclinal 
basin,  the  axis  of  which  intersects  the  New  Milton-Cove 
district  line  on  the  head  of  Town  Camp  run,  2.4  miles  north- 
east from  Leopold,  bears  southwestward,  and  crosses  the 
Doddridge-Gilmer  county  line  0.9  mile  east  of  Spurgeon. 
After  entering  Cove  from  the  northeast,  the  axis  of  the  fold 
rises  rapidly  in  elevation  southwestward,  elevating  the  Pitts- 
burgh coal  horizon  from  275'  A.T.  to  over  400'  A.T.  at  the 
southern  margin  of  the  district. 

The  Southern  end  of  the  Stout  oil  field,  located  on  the 
western  slope  of  this  structural  basin,  is  included  within  the 
boundaries  of  Cove  district.  The  latter  area  also  catches  a 
small  portion  of  the  Fink  oil  field  in  the  Berea  sand  on  the 
eastern  slope  of  the  same  basin.  The  development  within 
the  district  will  now  be  discussed  from  northwest  to  south- 


east. 

The  Stout  oil  field  enters  the  area  on  the  head  of  Cove 
creek  and  follows  this  stream  southward  to  the  axis  of  the 
Robinson  Basin.  There  are  35  to  40  oil  wells  in  this  Gordon 
sand  field  included  within  the  district.  In  addition  to  the 
summarized  records  of  the  following  wells  from  the  Cove 
district  portion  of  the  Stout  field  as  listed  in  the  table  of 
wells  for  Doddridge  county,  page  290,  their  more  complete 
logs  are  published  on  the  pages  indicated  of  Vol.  1(A)  of 
the  State  Geological  Reports : 


Map 

No. 

Name  of  Well. 

233 

234 

L.  G.  Chapman  No. 
Jas.  H.  Bode  No.  1.. 

235  jJas.  H.  Bode  No.  8.. 

236  | John  A.  Bode  No.  2. . 

237  | John  A.  Bode  No.  1. . 

238  |Wm.  H.  Bode  No  1.. 
241  iJohn  Wanstreert  No. 


i 


1 


1 


Location. 

Page  of 
Vol.  1(A) 

0.6  mile  N of  Grove 

297 

1.5  mile  N 30°  E of  Grove 

298 

1.3  mile  N E of  Grove. . 

299 

1.5  mile  N E of  Grove. . 

300 

1.2  mile  N E of  Grove.. 

299 

1.0  mile  N 80°  E of  Grove 

299 

0.6  mile  N 15°  W of  Leo- 

pold   

297 

382 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


The  L.  G.  Chapman  well  (233)  was  dry  in  the  Gordon 
sand,  but  a gasser  in  the  Big  Injun. 

The  following  well  record  is  here  republished  from  page 
297  of  Vol.  1(A)  mentioned  above,  in  order  to  show  the  rela- 
tion of  the  oil  sand — Gantz?  (Berea) — of  the  Fink  field,  to 
the  oil  sand — Gordon — of  the  Stout  field,  the  Squaw,  and  the 
Big  Injun  sands.  The  Fink  field  is  located  only  4 miles 
southeast  from  this  well  (240).  The  well  mouth  is  35  feet 
below  the  Washington  coal  bed;  hence,  the  Pittsburgh  coal 
horizon  belongs  at  about  520  feet  in  depth : 


W.  M.  Williams  No.  1 Well  Record  (240). 

Located  in  Cove  District,  1 y3  miles  north  15°  west  of  Leopold. 
Authority,  Carter  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  900'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  (no  Pittsburgh  coal) 700  700 

Cave  300  1000 

Unrecorded  15  1015 

Sand,  Cow  Run?  (Big  Dunkard) 45  1060 

Unrecorded  250  1310 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run) 83  1393 

Unrecorded  337  1730 

Maxton  sand  (water,  1738') 20  1750 

Unrecorded  80  1830 

Big  Lime  110  1940 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1940';  water,  I960') 92  2032 

Unrecorded  133  2165 

Squaw  sand  20  2185 

Unrecorded  165  2350 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea) 12  2362 

Unrecorded  182  2544 

Gordon  Stray  sand 8 2552 

Unrecorded  12  2564 

Gordon  sand  (oil,  2564') 6 2570 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 17  2587 


“Thirty-barrel  daily  oil  well  from  Gordon  sand.” 

The  record  shows  the  Gantz?  (Berea)  sand  coming  410 
feet  below  the  top  of  the  Big  Injun.  As  mentioned  in  con- 
nection with  the  St.  Clara  section,  page  85,  the  former  sand 
apparently  correlates  with  the  main  oil  horizon  of  Yellow 
creek  and  Rowles  run  of  Calhoun  county. 

The  two  following  records  are  from  wells  located  in  the 
northeast  portion  of  Cove  district: 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


383 


Jacob  Ruppert  No.  1 Well  Record  (242), 


Located  in  Cove  District,  2 % miles  northwest  of  Leopold.  Authori- 
ty, Southern  Oil  Company.  Completed  Oct.  30,  1905. 

(Elevation,  940'  B-A.  T.) 

Unrecorded  (no  Pittsburgh  coal) 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 

Unrecorded  

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (Burning  Springs) 

Unrecorded  

Sand,  Salt  (II  Cow  Run)  (water,  1375') 

Unrecorded  

Salt  sand  

Unrecorded  

Sand,  Maxton?  (Salt) 


Big  Lime  

Unrecorded  

Big  Injun  sand 

Unrecorded  

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea) 

Unrecorded  

Fifth  sand  and  unrecorded  to  bottom... 

10"  casing,  170';  8 casing,  1188'; 


John  H.  Schmidt  No.  1 Well  Record  (243). 


Southern  Oil  Company.  Completed  Aug.  19,  1905. 

(Elevation,  1095'  B-A.  T.) 

Unrecorded  

Coal,  Pittsburgh?  (Little  Pittsburgh?)  and  unrecor 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  R*an) 

Unrecorded  

Big  Dunkard  sand 

Unrecorded  

Sand,  First  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run) 

Unrecorded  

Salt  sand  (water) 

Unrecorded  

Maxton  sand  

Unrecorded  

Little  lime 

Unrecorded  

Big  Lime  

Big  Injun  sand  (some  gas) 

Unrecorded  

Squaw  sand  

Unrecorded  

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea)  (some  oil  and  gas) 


Thickness. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

1085 

1085 

. . . . 20 

1105 

. . . . 65 

1170 

. .. . 85 

1255 

. ...  135 

1390 

. .. . 98 

1488 

. . . . 42 

1530 

55 

1585 

....  115 

1700 

....  38 

1738 

208 

1946 

. . . . 44 

1990 

. . . . 10 

2000 

. . . . 50 

2050 

. . . . 30 

2080 

2162 

. . . 264 

2426 

.. . . 20 

2446 

....  534 

2980 

....  28 
1957'. 

3008 

1 (243). 

Clara.  Authority, 

Thickness. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

....  745 

745 

ed..  420 

1165 

....  20 

1185 

1220 

1285 

....  255 

1540 

. .. . 50 

1590 

....  130 

1720 

....  130 

1850 

1940 

1985 

2020 

2040 

2080 

2110 

....  185 

2295 

....  40 

2335 

77 

2412 

2545 

... . 25 

2570 

384  PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 

4 

Thickness.  Total 
Feet.  Feet. 


Unrecorded  270  2840 

Gordon  shell  and  unrecorded 200  3040 

Fifth  sand  5 3045 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 57  3102 


10"  casing,  284';  S1/^"  casing,  1235;  6%"  casing,  none. 

“Casing  pulled  and  well  abandoned.” 

The  well  starts  140  feet  above  the  Washington  coal  bed. 
The  Washington-Pittsburgh  coal  interval  in  this  region  is 
565  feet,  according  to  the  St.  Clara  section,  page  85 ; hence, 
the  Pittsburgh  coal  should  come  at  a depth  of  about  705  feet. 
Thus,  the  coal  at  745  feet  apparently  represents  the  Little 
Pittsburgh  bed.  Here  the  Gantz?  (Berea)  sand  comes  only 
133  feet  below  the  Squaw,  and  435  feet  below  the  top  of  the 
Big  Injun.  A light  flow  of  gas  'was  encountered  in  the  Big 
Injun,  and  a showing  of  oil  and  gas  in  the  Gantz?  (Berea). 

Southwestward  2 miles,  a light  gas  well  (244)  was  drilled 
near  the  head  of  Fallen  Timber  run  on  the  Henry  U.  Wan- 
street  farm.  The  horizon  at  which  the  gas  was  struck  was 
not  ascertained. 

Two  miles  southwestward,  just  below  the  mouth  of  Fallen 
Timber,  a dry  hole  (245)  was  drilled  by  the  Hagerstown 
Oil  Company  of  Salem,  W.  Va.,  on  the  P.  Brannon  farm. 
The  writer  was  unable  to  obtain  the  log  or  any  definite  infor- 
mation concerning  this  well. 

The  South  Penn  Oil  Company  in  February,  1910,  drilled 
the  Andrew  Hurst  No.  1 well  (239),  located  on  Rush  run, 
one  mile  westward  from  Leopold,  in  which  a two-million 
cubic  feet  daily  gas  flow  was  encountered  in  the  Big  Injun 
sand.  The  well  starts  15  feet  below  the  Washington  coal 
bed.  Here  the  drillers  reported  the  Pittsburgh  coal  as  absent 
from  the  measures. 

As  mentioned  on  a preceding  page,  the  southeast  corner 
of  Cove  district  catches  the  northwest  edge  of  the  Fink  oil 
field.  Only  four  oil  wells  are  within  the  boundary  of  the 
district.  The  log  of  one  of  these  wells ; viz.,  Christian  Albers 
No.  8 (248),  is  published  in  connection  with  the  St.  Clara 
section,  page  85,  to  which  the  reader  is  referred  for  com- 
ments on  the  oil  horizon  in  the  Fink  field. 

The  two  following  records  are  from  wells  in  this  pool : 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


385 


John  Gamp  No.  1 Well  Record  (249). 

Located  in  Cove  District,  1.1  miles  south  30°  west  of  St.  Clara. 
Authority,  South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  about  13  years. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  810'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1730  1730 

Big  Injun  sand  and  unrecorded 435  2165 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea)  (oil,  2170') 27  2192 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 8 2200 


John  Rastle  No.  2 Well  Record  (251). 


Located  in  Freemans  Creek  District,  2 miles  south  10°  west  of 
St.  Clara.  Authority,  South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Unrecorded  1103  1103 

IXmkard  sand 27  1130 

Unrecorded  320  1450 

Salt  sand  34  1484 

Unrecorded  96  1580 

Maxton  sand 70  1650 

Unrecorded  395  2045 

Big  Lime  42  2087 

Big  Injun  sand 103  2190 

Unrecorded  237  2427 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea)  (oil,  light,  2434')  to  bottom 27  2454 


The  well  starts  on  bench  of  the  Washington  coal  bed. 
The  record  of  the  Chas.  Fischer  Xo.  1 well  (250),  located  in 
the  edge  of  Lewis  county,  0.4  mile  northwest  of  the  Rastle 
well  (251),  was  published  on  page  298  of  Vol.  1(A)  of  the 
State  Geol.  reports.  A brief  record  of  the  same  well  is  given 
in  the  table  of  wells  for  Doddridge  county  page  290. 

The  South  Penn  Oil  Company  drilled  two  dry  holes  (246 
and  247)  on  the  Henry  Bode  and  Jos.  Krenn  farms,  located 
northwest  and  northeast,  respectively,  from  this  oil  pool  in 
Cove  district. 

Prospective  Oil  and  Gas  Territory,  Cove  District. — 

Although  the  middle  and  eastern  portions  of  Cove  district 
have  been  quite  fairly  tested  for  oil  and  gas,  yet  there  remains 
a large  acreage  along  its  western  border  that  has  not  been 
condemned  bv  dry  holes,  and  that  is  favored  both  by  present 
development  and  geologic  structure  for  gas  in  the  Big  Injun 
sand.  The  Andrew  Hurst  well  (239),  located  one  mile  west- 


386 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


ward  from  Leopold,  was  a fine  gasser  in  the  Big  Injun;  hence, 
all  that  part  of  the  district  lying  west  of  the  main  channel  of 
Rush  run,  and  west  of  a line  through  Grove  and  the  L.  G 
Chapman  No.  1 well  (233),  0.6  mile  northward,  appears  favor- 
able for  Big  Injun  gas.  In  the  northeast  portion  of  the  dis- 
trict, a showing  of  oil  was  encountered  in  the  Gantz?  (Berea) 
sand  in  the  John  H.  Schmidt  No.  1 well  (243),  located  1.1 
miles  north  of  St.  Clara ; hence,  there  may  be  a pool  of  oil  at 
this  horizon  northward  to  the  Cove-New  Milton  district 
line  along  the  structural  terrace  as  outlined  by  the  diver- 
gence of  the  325  and  375-foot  contours  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal 
bed  as  exhibited  on  the  economic  geology  map  accompanying 
this  report. 

NEW  MILTON  DISTRICT. 

New  Milton  district  lies  immediately  on  the  northeast 
from  Cove,  and  is  bounded  on  the  southeast  by  Lewis  county. 
Its  northwest  corner  is  traversed  in  a northeast-southwest 
direction  by  the  Arches  Fork  anticline,  and  the  balance  of 
its  area  lies  in  the  Robinson  Basin  on  the  southeast  from 
this  great  arch  in  the  rocks.  On  its  western  border  it 
includes  within  its  area  a large  portion  of  the  Stout  oil  pool. 
All  efforts  have  proved  fruitless  thus  far  to  extend  the 
Gordon  sand  oil  pool  of  the  eastern  portions  of  McClellan, 
Grant,  and  Greenbrier  districts  southwestward  along  the 
Robinson  Basin  into  New  Milton  district.  This  is  no 
doubt  in  a large  measure  due  to  the  rise  in  the  axis  of  the 
Robinson  Basin  southwestward  from  its  intersection  with 
the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad,  2 miles  west  of  Salem.  The 
extreme  southeastern  border  of  New  Milton  just  catches  the 
northwest  margin  of  the  Fink  oil  field  of  Lewis  county,  being 
represented  in  the  district  by  the  W.  B.  Maxwell  No.  1 well 
(278),  located  1.2  miles  south  of  Coldwater.  In  the  north- 
western point  of  the  district,  there  are  15  to  20  gas  wells 
located  on  or  near  the  crest  of  the  Arches  Fork  anticline.  The 
two  following  well  records  from  this  locality  show  the  Salt 
and  Big  Injun  sands  to  be  the  main  gas  horizons: 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


387 


John  Bland  No.  1 Well  Record  (252). 

Located  in  New  Milton  District,  0.9  mile  north  of  Blandville.  Au- 
thority, Castle  Brook  Carbon  Black  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  855'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Conductor  14  14 

Unrecorded  3.6  50 

Coal,  (Sewickley),  and  unrecorded 90  140 

Sand  (with  water)  and  unrecorded 30  170 

Sand  (with  water)  and  unrecorded 110  280 

Coal,  Pittsburgh?  (Little  Clarksburg)  and  unrecorded .. . 325  605 

Coal,  Freeport?  (Bakerstown)  and  unrecorded 40  645 

Sand,  “Gas”,  (I  Cow  Run)  sand  and  unrecorded 315  960 

Sand,  Salt?  (Gas  and  II  Cow  Run)  sand  and  unrecorded.  70  1030 

Salt  sand  (oil,  1035')  and  unrecorded  to  bottom,  steel 

line  measurement 31  1061 

10"  casing,  253';  844"  casing,  824'. 


Well  starts  about  100  feet  below  the  Uniontown  coal; 
hence,  the  correlations  in  parentheses  above.* 


S.  L.  McClain  No.  2 Well  Record  (253). 

Located  in  New  Milton  District,  0.6  mile  northwest  of  Blandville 
Authority,  Castle  Brook  Carbon  Black  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  855'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Cond'uctor  15  15 

Unrecorded  125  140 

Sand  (with  water)  and  unrecorded 365  505 

Coal,  (Harlem) 10  515 

Unrecorded  30  545 

Sand,  “Gas”?  (Moundsville)  and  unrecorded 193  738 

Sand,  Cow  Run?  (Big  Dunkard)  and  unrecorded 112  850 

Sand,  Salt?  (“Gas”),  and  unrecorded 140  990 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run)  and  unrecorded 274  1264 

Salt  sand  and  unrecorded 152  1416 

Maxton  sand  and  unrecorded 59  1475 

Little  Lime  and  unrecorded 20  1495 

Big  Lime 84  1579 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1595',  1619')  and  unrecorded 41  1620 

Sand,  “Gas"?  (part  of  Big  Injun)  and  unrecorded  to  bot- 
tom   64  1626J 


10"  casing,  150';  844"  casing,  768';  6%"  casing,  1520'. 

The  well  starts  about  115  feet  below  the  Uniontown 
coal  bed ; hence,  the  Pittsburgh  coal  horizon  belongs  at  about 
175  feet  in  the  well. 

The  following  is  the  record  of  a Big  Injun  gasser  located 
about  half  way  down  the  eastern  slope  of  the  Arches  Fork 
anticline.  The  well  starts  125  feet  below  the  Washington 


388 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


coal ; hence,  the  Pittsburgh  coal  horizon  should  come  at 
about  375  feet  in  the  well : 


A.  F.  Randolph  No.  1 Well  Record  (255). 

Located  in  New  Milton  District,  y2  mile  north  of  New  Milton. 
Authority,  Franklin  Randolph. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  826'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Conductor  22  22 

Unrecorded  317  339 

Coal,  Pittsburgh?  (Redstone) 11  350 

Unrecorded  565  915 

Big  Dunkard  sand  and  unrecorded 285  1200 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run)  and  unrecorded 500  1700 

Sand  (Maxton)  and  unrecorded 110  1810 

Big  Lime 50  1860 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  I860';  oil,  1900') 80  1940 

Unrecorded  270  2210 

Black  slate  and  unrecorded 240  2450 

Shell  and  unrecorded 3v5  2480 

Sand  and  unrecorded 150  2630 

Gordon  sand  and  unrecorded 140  2770 

Shell  and  unrecorded 94  2864 


Northwestward  at  Sugarcamp  the  Preston  Oil  & Gas 
Company  drilled  a gas  well  (254)  on  the  Franklin  Randolph 
farm  in  December,  1902.  According  to  information  given 
D.  B.  Reger,  the  well  had  a rock  pressure  of  850  lbs.  to  the 
square  inch.  So  that  the  gas  horizon  must  have  been  below 
the  Big  Injun  sand,  probably  in  the  Stray  or  Gordon. 

As  mentioned  above,  the  western  border  of  New  Milton 
district  catches  within  its  area  a larger  portion  of  the  Stout 
oil  field,  including  55  to  60  Gordon  sand  oil  wells  east  of  the 
western  boundary  line  of  the  latter  district.  The  nine  fol- 
lowing records,  arranged  roughly  from  north  to  south  along 
this  border,  give  interesting  data  as  to  the  oil  and  gas  hori- 
zons in  this  locality : 


Lewis  Maxwell  No.  1 Well  Record  (257). 

Located  in  Newr  Milton  District,  2 miles  west  of  Sugarcamp.  Au- 
thority, J.  E.  Trainer. 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 

Conductor  40  40 

Unrecorded  135  175 

Pittsburgh  coal 3 178 

Unrecorded  402  580 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


389 


Thickness.  Total. 


Feet. 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 50 

Unrecorded  100 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  and  unrecorded 816 

Big  Lime 49 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1605'-1640'),  unrecorded  and  Stray 

sand  678 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 71 


Feet. 

630 

730 

1546 

1595 

2273 

2344 


Although  the  above  log  fails  to  record  either  oil  or  the 
Gordon  sand,  yet  it  was  reported  in  the  field  as  a Gordon  oil 
well. 


Porter  Maxwell  No.  34  Well  Record  (258). 


Located  in  New  Milton  District,  2^4  miles  south  30°  west  of  Bland- 
ville.  Authority,  Michael  Murphy.  Completed  Jan.  16,  1905. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  965'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  2393  2393 

Gordon  sand  (oil) 4 2397 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 18  2415 

“6  bbls.  daily  oil  well  in  Gordon  sand.” 

Porter  Maxwell  No.  31  Well  Record  (259). 


Located  in  New  Milton  District,  2%  miles  southwest  of  Sugar- 
camp.  Authority,  Michael  Murphy.  Completed  March  7,  1904. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  925'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  2367  2367 

Gordon  sand  (oil) 3 2370 

Unrecorded  to  bottom... \ 20  2390 


“3  barrel  daily  oil  well  in  Gordon  sand.” 

The  above  record  shows  the  Gordon  sand  only  three 
feet  thick  on  the  eastern  margin  of  this  oil  field,  which  is  in 
harmony  with  the  suggestion  by  the  writer  on  a preceding 
page  that  the  lenticular  nature  of  the  Gordon  sand  in  this 
region  is  probably  responsible  for  the  main  portion  of  the 
Stout  oil  pool  occupying  the  high  structural  level  it  does. 

The  record  of  the  W.  M.  Stout  No.  8 well  (261),  located 
1.6  miles  southwest  from  the  above  well,  is  published  on  page 
296  of  Vol.  1(A)  of  the  State  Geological  reports.  It  reveals 
the  absence  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  in  this  portion  of  Dodd- 
ridge county,  as  do  the  records  of  nearly  all  the  wells  in  the 
Stout  field. 


390 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


J.  B.  Maxwell  No.  2 Well  Record  (262). 

Located  in  New  Milton  District,  21/4  miles  west  of  Market.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  May  4,  1900. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation.  1055'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Conductor  16  16 

Unrecorded  1014  1030 

Sand,  Dunkard  (Big  Dunkard) 20  1050 

Unrecorded  238  1288 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run) 4 1392 

Unrecorded  103  1495 

Sand,  Maxton?  (Salt) 46  1541 

Unrecorded  274  1815 

Big  Lime 65  1880 

Big  Injun  sand 74  1954 

Unrecorded  321  2275 

Sand,  Fifty-foot?  (Gantz) 45  2320 

Unrecorded  211  2531 

Gordon  sand  .(oil) 3 2534 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 28  2562 


10"  casing,  352';  casing,  1035';  6%"  casing,  1820'. 

The  well  starts  65  feet,  aneroid,  below  the  Washington 

coal. 

A dry  hole — J.  B.  Maxwell  No.  1 (263) — was  drilled  by 
the  same  company,  0.3  mile  southeast  from  the  above  well. 

C.  C.  Pearcy  No.  1 Well  Record  (264). 

Located  in  New  Milton  District,  2.3  miles  west  of  Market,  on 
Webley  fork.  Authority,  South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1095'B-A.T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Conductor  16  16 

Unrecorded  393  409 

Sand,  Bluff?  (Upper  Sewickley) 50  459 

Unrecorded  586  1035 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?. . | Big  Dunkard  and  Burning 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard j Springs  sands 165  1200 

Unrecorded  136  1336 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt)  (water,  1360') 142  1478 

Unrecorded  22  1500 

Salt  sand 75  1575 

Unrecorded  16  1591 

Salt  sand 87  1678 

Unrecorded  130  1808 

Maxton  sand 20  1828 

Unrecorded  18  1846 

Little  lime 25  1871 

Pencil  cave 10  1881 

Blue  Monday 22  1903 

Big  Lime 45  1948 

Big  Injun  (gas,  1972';  oil,  1972'-1985') 53  2001 


10"  casing,  181';  8*4"  casing,  1185';  6%"  casing,  1903'. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


391 


This  is  the  only  Big  Injun  sand  oil  well  noted  in  the  field 
in  the  Stout  oil  pool. 

L.  W.  Pearcy  Heirs  No.  1 Well  Record  (265). 

Located  in  New  Milton  District,  1%  miles  east  of  Kelly.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  August  22,  1900. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  985'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  970  970 

Sand,  Dunkard  (Big  Dunkard) 40  1010 

Unrecorded  295  1305 

Water  sand  (Salt) 80  1385 

Unrecorded  465  1850 

Big  Lime 40  1890 

Big  Injun  sand 90  1980 

Unrecorded  145  2125 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Squaw) 100  2225 

Unrecorded  343  2568 

Gordon  sand  (oil,  2568'-2576') 8 2576 

10"  casing,  379';  8^"  casing,  1020';  6%"  casing,  1850'. 

The  well  starts  about  50  feet  below  the  Washington  coal. 

John  Gribble  No.  3 Well  Record  (266). 

Located  in  New  Milton  District,  1.5  miles  southeast  of  Kelly.  Au- 
thority, Carter  Oil  Company.  Completed  December  18,  1901. 

Thickness.  Total. 

Elevation,  1135'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  800  800 

Cave  540  1340 

Sand,  Cow  Run?  (Burning  Springs  and  “Gas”) 140  1480 

Unrecorded  60  1540 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run)  (water,  1580') 70  1610 

Unrecorded  200  1810 

Sand,  Maxton?  (Salt) 80  1890 

Unrecorded  200  2090 

Big  Lime 50  2140 

Big  Injun  sand 110  2250 

Unrecorded  315  2565 

Sand,  Berea 33  2598 

Unrecorded  172  2770 

Gordon  Stray  sand 16  2786 

Unrecorded  10  2796 

Gordon  sand  (good  oil  and  gas) 5 2801 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 19  2820 

The  Pittsburgh  coal  horizon  belongs  at  about  735  feet 
in  the  well. 


392 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


John  M.  Gribble  No.  2 Well  Record  (267). 

Located  in  New  Milton  District,  1%  miles  southeast  of  Kelly. 
Authority,  Carter  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1100'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1940  1940 

Big  Lime 37  1977 

Big  Injun  sand 163  2140 

Unrecorded  395  2535 

Sand,  Gantz?  (50-foot)  (gas  in  top) 4 2539 

Unrecorded  101  2640 

Stray  sand  10  2650 

Unrecorded  5 2655 

Gordon  sand  (oil) 1 2656 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 144  2800 


The  above  is  the  record  of  a well  located  on  the  extreme 
eastern  margin  of  the  Stout  oil  pool.  The  Gordon  sand  is  only 
one  foot  thick,  illustrating  in  a striking  manner  the  lenticular 
nature  of  this  horizon  in  this  region,  and,  as  mentioned  in 
connection  with  the  Porter  Maxwell  No.  31  well  (259)  on 
Lick  run,  this  eastward  thinning  of  the  sand  prevents  the  oil 
from  passing  down  into  the  Robinson  Basin. 


Louisa  (Fred)  Fischer  No.  3 Well  Record  (268) 


Located  in  New  Milton  District,  1.5  miles  northeast  of  Grove. 
Authority,  Carter  Oil  Company.  Completed  Aug.  4,  1900. 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Unrecorded  2010  2010 

Big  Lime 75  2085 

Unrecorded  5 2090 

Big  Injun  sand 115  2205 

Unrecorded  522  2727 

Gordon  sand  (oil,  2728') 4 2731 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 232  2963 


Several  attempts  have  been  made  in  New  Milton  district 
to  find  oil  and  gas  along  the  Robinson  Basin.  At  least  one- 
half  dozen  dry  holes  have  been  drilled  along  or  near  the  axis 
of  this  structural  trough.  On  the  northeast  border  of  the 
district,  the  South  Penn  Oil  Company  drilled  a dry  hole  (25G) 
on  Redlick  run,  1.2  miles  eastward  from  New  Milton,  on  the 
A.  M.  Greathouse  farm. 

The  following  is  the  record  of  another  dry  hole,  1.7  miles 
south  westward,  nearly  on  the  axis  of  the  syncline.  The  well 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


•393 


starts  20  feet  below  the  Washington  coal  bed,  and  in  this  por- 
tion of  the  county,  the  Washington-Pittsburgh  coal  interval  is 
555  to  560  feet;  hence,  the  coal  at  530  feet  appears  to  correlate 
fairly  well  with  the  Pittsburgh  bed : 

Mary  V.  Dillon  No.  1 Well  Record  (272). 


Located  in  New  Milton  District,  1.5  miles  northwest  of  Avon. 
Authority,  J.  W.  Wilson. 

Thickness.  Total 


(Elevation,  840'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  530  530 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 5 535 

Unrecorded  525  1060 

Sand,  Dunkard  (Big  Dunkard) 50  1110 

Unrecorded  110  1220 

Gas  sand 30  1250 

Unrecorded  75  1325 

Sand,  Salt  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt) 295  1620 

Unrecorded  195  1815 

Maxton  sand  (hole  full  of  water,  1820') 20  1835 

Unrecorded  55  1890 

Pencil  cave 10  1900 

Big  Lime 46  1946 

Big  Injun  sand 100  2046 

Unrecorded  94  2140 

Berea  Grit  (Squaw) 95  2235 

Unrecorded  405  2640 

Gordon  sand 10  2650 

Unrecorded  to  bottom  (no  Fifth  sand) 192  2842 


One  mile  southeastward  two  dry  holes  were  drilled ; one 
(273)  by  the  South  Penn  Oil  Company  opposite  the  mouth  of 
Snake  run  on  the  John  W.  Rymer  farm;  and  the  other  (274) 
by  the  Hope  Natural  Gas  Company  in  1910  on  the  south  hill 
side  of  .Snake  run,  0.3  mile  northeast  from  the  Rymer  well, 
on  the  J.  M.  Cox  farm. 

Southwestward  from  Meathouse  fork  the  axis  of  the  Rob- 
inson syncline  dips  slightly,  forming  a shallow,  canoe-shaped 
basin  on  the  head  of  Toms  fork.  The  records  of  two  dry 
holes  on  the  James  Maxwell  (271)  and  John  Gribble  (269), 
located  near  the  low  point  of  the  trough,  are  published  on- 
pages  296  and  298  of  Vol  1(A)  of  the  State  Survey  reports, 
and  likewise  in  the  Doddridge  county  table  of  wells,  page  29  0 
Four  wells  have  been  drilled  in  the  southeastern  corner 
of  New  Milton  district  on  the  headwaters  of  Indian  fork. 


394 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


three  of  which  were  failures.  The  two  following  records  are 
from  two  of  these  wells  : 


Jacob  Cox  No.  1 Well  Record  (275). 

Located  in  New  Milton  District,  1 mile  northwest  of  Coldwater. 
Authority,  Carter  Oil  Company.  Completed  May  9,  1899. 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet.. 


Unrecorded  521  521 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 5 526 

Unrecorded  274  800 

Cave  250  1056 

Unrecorded  50  1100 

Sand,  Cow  Run  (Big  Dunkard) 15  1115 

Unrecorded  85  1200 

Sand,  Salt?  (“Gas”  and  II  Cow  Run) 200  1400 

Unrecorded  520  1920 

Big  Lime 75  1995 

Big  Injun  sand 100  2095 

Unrecorded  545  2640 

Pencil  cave 20  2660 

Gordon  sand 3 2663 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 197  2860 


The  well  starts  45  feet  by  hand-level  below  the  Washing- 
ton coal  bed,  giving  the  Washington-Pittsburgh  coal  interval 
at  566  feet. 


J.  C.  Cumpston  No.  1 Well  Record  (276). 


Located  in  New  Milton  District,  % mile  northwest  of  Coldwater. 
Authority,  Hope  Natural  Gas  Company.  Completed  in  1910. 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Unrecorded  2295  2295 

Big  Injun  sand 120  2415 

Unrecorded  491  2906 

Gordon  sand  (oil) 5 2911 

Unrecorded  112  3023 

Fifth  sand  (gas) 6 3029 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 513  3542 


Although  a showing  of  oil  was  encountered  in  the  Gordon 
sand,  and  gas  in  the  Fifth,  yet  the  well  was  considered  dry  and 
abandoned. 

The  log  of  the  D.  H.  Nicholson  No.  1 well  (277),  located 
x/2  mile  eastward  from  Coldwater,  is  published  in  connection 
with  the  section  for  the  latter  place,  page  86. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


395 


As  mentioned  on  a preceding  page,  the  extreme  southeast 
border  of  New  Milton  district  just  catches  the  northwest  edge 
of  the  Fink  oil  pool  of  Lewis  county.  The  following  is  the 
record  of  the  only  oil  well  drilled  on  the  Doddridge  county 
side 


W.  B.  Maxwell  No.  1 Well  Record  (278). 

Located  in  New  Milton  District,  1*4  miles  south  5°  east  of  Cold- 
water.  Authority,  South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Unrecorded  795  795 

Pittsburgh  Coal 5 800 

Unrecorded  440  1240 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 40  1280 

Unrecorded  45  1825 

Big  Dunkard  sand 35  1360 

Unrecorded  218  1578 

Sand,  “Gas”?  (II  Cow  Run) 42  1620 

Unrecorded  70  1690 

Salt  sand 45  1735 

Unrecorded  260  1995 

Maxton  sand 15  2010 

Unrecorded  40  2050 

Little  lime 10  2060 

Unrecorded  166  2226 

Big  Lime 72  2298 

Big  Injun  sand 125  2423 

Unrecorded  185  2608 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea)  (or,  2620') 42  2650 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 3 2653 


The  above  record  was  published  on  page  295  of  Vol.  1(A) 
of  the  State  Survey  reports,  but  is  republished  here  to  correct 
the  correlation  of  the  oil  sand,  and  show  the  close  proximity 
of  the  latter  to  the  Big  Injun  sand  above.  The  identifications 
in  parentheses  are  by  the  writer. 


Prospective  Oil  and  Gas  Territory,  New  Milton  District. 

— A study  of  the  foregoing  records  and  developments  in  New 
Milton  district  will  readily  show  that  a large  portion  of  its 
area  has  proved  very  discouraging  to  the  oil  and  gas  operator ; 
especially  so  along  the  Robinson  Basin,  and  on  the  waters 
of  Indian  fork.  However,  there  yet  remains  a.  small  acreage 
that  is  apparently  favored  both  by  geologic  structure  and  pres- 
ent development.  (1)  That  portion  of  the  district  lying  im- 


39.6 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


mediately  along  the  axis  of  the  Arches  Fork  anticline  south- 
westward  from  Meathouse  fork  to  the  New  Milton-West  Un- 
ion district  line,  appears  good  for  both  Salt  sand  and  Big  In- 
jun gas;  (2)  that,  southwest  from  Avon  to  the  New  Milton 
Cove  district  line,  along  the  apparent  structural  terrace  formed 
by  the  divergence  of  the  325  and  350-foot  contours  of  the 
Pittsburgh  coal  bed  as  outlined  on  the  economic  geology  map 
accompanying  this  report,  appears  favorable  for  oil  in  the 
Berea  and  Gordon  sands,  although  the  latter  has  a tendency 
to  thin  away  in  this  region ; and  (3)  that,  on  the  extreme 
head  of  Indian  fork  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  W.  B. 
Maxwell  No.  1 oil  well  (278)  in  the  Gantz?  (Berea)  sand, 
appears  good  for  several  more  wells  at  the  same  horizon. 


GREENBRIER  DISTRICT. 

Greenbrier  district  occupies  the  extreme  southeastern 
part  of  Doddridge  county,  and  adjoins  both  Harrison  and 
Lewis.  Its  entire  area  lies  within  the  Robinson  Basin,  but  by 
far  the  greater  portion  lies  along  the  east  side  of  the  axis  of 
this  structural  fold.  In  addition  to  several  scattered  gaff 
wells,  it  has  within  its  boundaries  two  separate  oil  pools. 
One  of  these  is  in  the  Gordon  sand  and  is  an  extension  along 
the  Robinson  Basin  of  the  same  pool  already  described  in 
the  southeast  borders  of  McClellan  and  Grant  districts.  The 
other  is  an  extension  of  the  Wolf  Summit-Jarvisville  Fifth 
sand  oil  pool  of  Harrison  county  southwestward  into  the  re- 
gion of  Big  Isaac.  Both  oil  pools  apparently  terminate  to  the 
southwestward  within  this  district. 

The  development  will  now  be  considered  from  northwest- 
to  southeast  across  the  district. 

In  the  extreme  northwestern  portion  of  Greenbrier,  the 
Hope  Natural  Gas  Company  drilled  a dry  hole  (279)  on  the 
D.  A.  Kelley  farm.  R.  K.  Jones  of  'Salem,  W.  Va.,  drilled 
another  well  (280)  of  the  same  kind,  0.5  mile  northeastward 
on  the  Hick  Davis  farm. 

Eastward  in  the  Robinson  Basin  there  are  60  to  70  Gor- 
don sand  oil  wells  in  Greenbrier  district  on  the  waters  of 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


397 


Buffalo  Calf  fork  and  Greenbrier  creek.  The  six  following 
records  are  from  wells  in  this  region 

Minerva  Sadler  No.  1 Well  Record  (281). 

Located  in  Greenbrier  District,  2 miles  southeast  of  Long  Run. 
Authority,  South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  910'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  670  670 

Coal,  (Pittsburgh)  and  unrecorded 530  1200 

Big  Dunkard  sand 35  1235 

Unrecorded  325  1560 

Salt  sand 60  1620 

Unrecorded  447  2067 

Big  Injun  sand 60  2127 

Unrecorded  617  2744 

Stray  sand 10  275^4 

Unrecorded  25  2779 

Gordon  sand  (oil) 4 2783 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 296  3079 

F.  M.  Williams  No.  1 Well  Record  (282). 

Located  in  Greenbrier  District,  2 y2  miles  south  70°  east  of  Long 
Run  Station.  Authority,  South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  945'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1215  1215 

Big  Dunkard  sand 20  1235 

Unrecorded  310  1545 

Salt  sand 95  1640 

Unrecorded  335  1975 

Pencil  cave 5 1980 

Big  Lime 70  2050 

Big  Injun  sand 110  2160 

Unrecorded  440  2600 

Fifty-foot  sand 30  2630 

Unrecorded  136  2766 

Stray  7 2773 

Slate  19  2792 

Gordon  sand  (oil) 7 2799 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 6 2805 


308 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


M.  T.  Williams  No.  1 Well  Record  (284). 

Located  in  Greenbrier  District,  1%  miles  northwest  of  Paola. 
Authority,  South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  1000'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  720  720 

Coal,  (Pittsburgh) 5 725 

Unrecorded  525  1250 

Dunkard  sand 75  1325 

Unrecorded  395  1720 

Salt  sand 160  1880 

Unrecorded  140  2020 

Big  Lime 60  2080 

Big  Injun  sand 80  2160 

Unrecorded  430  2590 

Fifty-foot  sand 40  2630 

Unrecorded  50  2680 

Thirty-foot  sand 20  2700 

■Unrecorded  '85  2785 

Stray  sand 7 2792 

Unrecorded  24  2816 

Gordon  sand 10  2826 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 10  2836 

M.  T.  Williams  No.  5 Well  Record  (286). 

Located  in  Greenbrier  District,  1%  miles  west  of  Paola.  Author- 
ity, South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  940'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  660  660 

Coal,  (Pittsburgh) 5 665 

Unrecorded  535  1200 

Dunkard  sand 60  1260 

Unrecorded  377  1637 

Salt  sand 78  1715 

Unrecorded  260  1975 

Big  Lime 64  2039 

Big  Injun  sand 109  2148 

Unrecorded  372  2520 

Fifty-foot  sand 35  2555 

Unrecorded  261  2716 

Stray  sand  (gas) 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


399 


M.  T.  Williams  No.  2 Well  Record  (287). 

Located  in  Greenbrier  District,  one  mile  west  of  Paola.  Author- 
ity, South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  915'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  630  630 

Pittsburgh  coal  and  unrecorded 540  1170 

Dunkard  sand 80  1250 

Unrecorded  '. 380  1630 

Sand,  Salt  (Salt  and  Maxton) 360  1990 

Big  Injun  sand 90  2080 

Unrecorded  415  2495 

Fifty-foot  sand.  20  2515 

Unrecorded  75  2590 

Thirty-foot  sand 20  2610 

Unrecorded  76  2686 

Stray  sand 12  2698 

Unrecorded  27  2725 

Gordon  sand  (oil) 11  2736 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 12  2748 

Charlotte  Clark  No.  3 Well  Record  (289). 

Located  in  Greenbrier  District,  y2  mile  west  of  Paola.  Authority, 
South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  938'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  730  730 

Coal,  (Pittsburgh) 5 735 

Unrecorded  515  1250 

Dunkard  sand 60  1310 

Unrecorded  455  1765 

Salt  sand 85  1830 

Unrecorded  200  2030 

Big  Lime 60  2090 

Big  Injun  sand 120  2210 

'Unrecorded  385  2595 

Fifty-foot  sand 15  2610 

Unrecorded  158  2768 

Stray  sand 15  2783 

Unrecorded  25  2808 

Gordon  sand  (oil) 14  2822 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 14  2836 

The  complete  logs  of  the  two  following  wells  are  pub- 
lished on  the  pages  indicated  of  Vol.  1(A)  of  the  State 
Geological  reports ; also  in  brief  in  the  table  of  wells  for  Dod- 
dridge county : 


400 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Map  | | | Page  of 


No.  | Name  of  Well. 

1 

Location 

Vol.  1(A). 

288  |Marcellus  Clark  No.  2... 
290  |R.  G.  Davis  No.  3 

. U.l 
..jl.O 

miles  N.  W.  of  Miletus, 
mile  N.  W.  of  Miletus.. 

293 

293 

Both  are  located  on  Greenbrier  creek,  and  produce  oil 
from  the  Gordon  sand. 

Recently  a 25-barrel  daily  well  in  the  Gordon  sand  was 
completed  by  Randolph  and  Ward,  one  mile  to  the  south- 
westward  of  the  Greenbrier  creek  pool  on  the  J.  J.  Adams 
farm  (297A).  Another  small  oil  well  in  the  Gordon  was 
drilled  1.3  miles  southwest  from  the  Adams  well  (297A)  on 
Hunter  fork,  the  record  of  which  is  as  follows: 

J.  H.  Meeks  No.  1 Well  Record  (299). 

Located  in  Greenbrier  District,  1 y2  miles  southwest  of  Zinnia. 
Authority,  Southern  Oil  Company.  Completed  June  24,  1902. 

Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 


Unrecorded  600  60ft 

Pittsburgh  coal  and  unrecorded 2126  2726 

Gordon  sand  (oil) 6 .2732 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 10  2742 

6%"  casing,  2075'. 


The  oil  showing  in  the  last  two  wells  makes  it  appear 
that  if  the  Greenbrier  creek  pool  does  extend  southwest  into 
New  Milton  district,  that  it  passes  via  Avon  and  May,  proba- 
bly resting  upon  the  structural  terrace  as  exhibited  by  the 
Pittsburgh  coal  contours  at  the  last  mentioned  locality.  Two 
dry  holes  on  Hunter  fork  to  the  northwest  of  the  Meeks  well 
(299)  shut  it  off  in  that  direction,  while  another  (300),  located 
on  the  head  of  Hunter  fork  on  the  G.  W.  Burnside  farm,  pre- 
vents it  passing  southward.  The  Maxwell  Heirs  No.  1 well 
(296)  is  a gasser  in  the  Big  Injun,  Gordon  Stray,  and  Gor- 
don sands.  It  is  located  one-half  mile  south  of  Miletus,  and 
its  detailed  log  is  published  in  connection  with  the  section 
for  Miletus,  page  88. 

The  two  following  records  are  from  gas  wells  located 
higher  up  the  structural  slope  on  the  head  of  Indian  fork  of 
Buckeye  creek : 


PLATE  XI. — Another  view  of  the  Stout  Oil  Field  and  Topography 
of  the  Dunkard  series. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


401 


Jas.  Richards  No.  1 Well  Record  (301). 

Located  in  Greenbrier  District,  1%  miles  south  5°  east  of  Zinnia. 
Authority,  Salem  Natural  Gas  Company.  Completed  Sept.  27,  1909. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  980'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  30  30 

Native  coal,  (Washington).... 2 32 

Unrecorded  48  80 

Water  sand 10  90 

Unrecorded  538  628 

Pittsburgh  coal  7 635 

Unrecorded  435  1070 

Sand,  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) * 40  1110 

Unrecorded  160  1270 

Sand,  First  gas  (“Gas”  sand) 25  1295 

Unrecorded  75  1370 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run)  (water,  1380',  2 bailers  per 

hour)  45  1415 

Unrecorded  85  1500 

Salt  sand 30  1530 

Unrecorded  30  1560 

Salt  sand  (water,  1675';  7 bailers  per  hour) 145  1705 

Unrecorded  25  1730 

Maxton  sand 54  1784 

Unrecorded  . ; 236  2020 

Big  Lime 55  2075 

Big  Injun  sand 55  2130 

Slate  6 2136 

Squaw  sand 25  2161 

Unrecorded  245  2406 

Berea  Grit 34  2440 

S'.ate  and  shell 10  2450 

Gantz  sand 85  2535 

Fifty-foot  sand 25  2560 

Red  rock 15  2575 

White  slate  and  shell 45  2620 

Thirty-foot  sand 20  2640 

Unrecorded  37  2677 

Gordon  Stray  sand  (gas,  2678') 13  2690 

Black  slate 18  2708 

Gordon  sand  (gas,  2718'.  and  slight  show  of  oil  in  bottom 

of  sand) 20  2728 

' Unrecorded  10  2738 

Fourth  sand  (lime) 30  2768 

Unrecorded  125  2893 

Gritty  lime 15  2908 

Slate  to  bottom 21  2929 

“250,000  cu.  ft.  of  gas  in  Gordon  Stray  sand;  250,000  cu.  ft.  of  gas 
in  Gordon  sand.” 


402 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


L.  C.  Hickman  No.  1 Well  Record  (302). 

Located  in  Greenbrier  District,  1 % miles  northeast  of  Zinnia. 
Authority,  Salem  Natural  Gas  Company.  Completed  Aug.  3,  1896. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  975'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1985  1985 

Big  Injun  sand  (half  enough  gas  to  run  boiler,  2020')...  75  2060 

Unrecorded  521  2581 

Gordon  sand  (gas,  2582',  2622')  and  unrecorded  to  bot- 
tom   227  2808 

“Present  production,  500,000  cu.  ft.  gas  daily.” 


During  1910  the  Hope  Natural  Gas  Company  drilled  the 
D.  E.  Cox  (Nicholson)  No.  1 well  (307),  located  on  Meat- 
house  fork,  one  mile  southeast  from  Avon,  in  which  a show- 
ing of  gas  and  oil  was  reported  in  the  Gordon  sand,  and  a 
gas  flow  in  the  Fourth. 

The  following  is  the  record  of  a well  in  the  extreme 
southern  point  of  Greenbrier  district,  in  which  a showing  of 
oil  was  struck  in  the  Big  Injun  sand.  The  well  starts  50  feet 
below  the  Washington  coal: 


Edgar  Davisson  No.  1 Well  Record  (308). 


Located  in  Greenbrier  District,  1.2  miles  east  of  Coldwater.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1005'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  960  960 

Sand,  Cow  Run  (I  Cow  Run) 55  1015 

Unrecorded  (water,  1330'-1460') 495  1510 

Salt  sand 165  1675 

Unrecorded  185  1860 

Maxton  sand 15  1875 

Unrecorded  70  1945 

Big  Lime 55  2000 

Big  Injun  sand  (oil  show,  2035') 160  2160 

Unrecorded  376  2536 

Sand,  Stray?  (30-foot) 54  2590 

Unrecorded  31  2621 

Gordon  sand 14  2635 

Slate  27  2662 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 327  2989 


The  two  following  records  are  from  gas  wells  in  the 
eastern  portion  of  the  district: 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


403 


L.  D.  Waugh  No.  1 Well  Record  (303). 


Located  in  Greenbrier  District,  1.5  miles  northwest  of  Big  Isaac. 
Authority,  W.  S.  Bond. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1165'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  125  125 

Coal,  native,  (Washington) 2 127 

Unrecorded  263  390 

Coal,  (Uniontown) 7 397 

Unrecorded  303  700 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 8 708 

Unrecorded  444  1152 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 28  1180 

Unrecorded  35  1215 

Big  Dunkard  sand 25  1240 

Unrecorded  180  1420 

Gas  sand 44  1464 

Unrecorded  106  1570 

First  Salt  sand 58  1628 

Unrecorded  5 1633 

Second  Salt  sand 147  1780 

Unrecorded  135  1915 

Maxton  sand 24  1939 

Unrecorded  116  2055 

Pencil  cave 5 2060 

Big  Lime 30  2090 

Big  Injun  sand 


A gasser  in  Gordon  and  Fourth  sands.  Did  not  obtain 
the  log  below  top  of  the  Big  Injun. 


J.  B.  Corder  No.  1 Well  Record  (311). 


Located  in  Greenbrier  District,  2 miles  southwest  of  Big  Isaac. 
Authority,  Hoffmeier-Deegans  Oil  & Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1040'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  552  552 

Pittsburgh  coal 4 556 

Unrecorded  414  970 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 66  1036 

Unrecorded  94  1130 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (Burning  Springs) 20  1150 

Unrecorded  20  1170 

Gas  sand 80  1250 

Unrecorded  105  1355 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run) 20  1375 

Unrecorded  23  1398 

Salt  sand 22  1420 

Unrecorded  32  1452 

Salt  sand 206  1658 

Unrecorded  88  1746 


404 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

Maxton  sand 25  1771 

Unrecorded  115  1886 

Little  lime 14  1900 

Unrecorded 20  1920 

Big  Lime 60  1980 

Big  Injun  sand 106  2086 

Unrecorded  49  2185 

Squaw  sand 55  2190 

Unrecorded  130  2320 

Berea  Grit 25  2345 

Unrecorded  '. 150  2495 

Thirty-foot  sand 25  2520 

Unrecorded  58  2578 

Gordon  Stray  sand 31  2609 

Unrecorded  10  . 2619 

Gordon  sand  (gas  pay,  2621'  and  2629') 22  2641 

Unrecorded  169  2810 

Fifth  sand  to  bottom 99  2909 


As  mentioned  on  a preceding  page,  the  extreme  eastern 
point  of  Greenbrier  district  catches  a small  portion  of  the 
Fifth  sand  oil  pool  of  Ha'rrison  county.  About  one  dozen  oil 
wells  are  included  in  the  district.  The  log  of  one  of  these 
wells;  viz.,  Geo.  T.  Richards  No.  3 well  (315),  is  published 
in  connection  with  the  section  for  Big  Isaac,  page  89. 

The  following  record,  taken  from  page  293  of  Vol.  1(A) 
of  the  State  Geological  Survey  reports,  shows  the  relation 
of  the  Fifth  sand  to  other  well  known  formations : 


William  Mowry  No.  1 Well  Record  (317). 


Located  in  Greenbrier  District,  % mile  north  of  Big  Isaac.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1190'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  700  700 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 4 704 

Unrecorded  491  1195 

Big  Dunkard  sand 35  1230 

Unrecorded  445  1675 

Salt  sand 175  1850 

Unrecorded  150  2000 

Maxton  sand 35  2035 

Unrecorded  40  2075 

Big  Lime .p 50  2125 

Big  Injun  sand 150  2275  _ 

Unrecorded  200  2475 

Berea  sand 15  2490 

Unrecorded  110  2600 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


405 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Fifty-foot  sand 35  2635 

Unrecorded  135  2770 

Stray  sand 15  2785 

Unrecorded  13  2798 

Gordon  sand 42  2840 

Unrecorded  164  3004 

Fifth  sand  (oil) 12  3016 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 65  3081 


The  above  log  shows  the  oil  horizon  coming  2304  feet 
below  the  top  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed,  and  164  feet  below 
the  Gordon  sand. 

In  addition  to  the  summarized  records  of  the  following 
list  of  wells  in  the  Doddridge  county  table  of  wells,  page  290, 
their  detailed  records  are  given  on  the  pages  indicated  of  Vol. 
1(A)  of  the  State  Geological  Survey  reports: 


Map  | j 

No.  ] Name  of  Well.  | Location. 

313  |J.  T.  Sommerville  No.  2..|0.5  mile  N.  E.  of  Big  Isaac. 

314  I A.  D.  Lawson  No.  6 |0.75  mile  N.  E.  of  Big  Isaac 

316  |W.  Mowry  No.  2 j 0.9  mile  N.  E.  of  Big  Isaac. 


Page  of 
Vol.  1(A). 
294 
336 
294 


As  mentioned  on  a preceding  page,  the  Chas.  Slusser  No. 
1 well  (305),  located  0.8  mile  westward  from  Big  Isaac,  was 
the  first  gas  well  drilled  in  the  county. 

Prospective  Oil  & Gas  Territory,  Greenbrier  District. — 

As  with  all  the  other  districts  of  Doddridge  county,  there 
yet  remains  a large  acreage  that  appears  to  be  favored  both 
by  geologic  structure  and  present  development  for  oil  and 
gas.  (1)  That  portion  of  the  district  extending  in  a narrow 
belt,  *4  to  1 mile  wide,  northeastward  from  the  J.  H.  Meeks 
No.  1 well  (299)  on  Hunter  fork  via  J.  J.  Adams  No.  1 weil 
(297A)  to  Greenbrier  creek,  appears  good  for  Gordon  sand 
oil ; (2)  that,  drained  by  Johnson  fork  of  Meathouse  fork,  and 
northeastward  to  Big  Isaac  creek,  appears  good  for  gas;  (3) 
and  that,  drained  by  Hughes  run,  eastward  from  Miletus,  is 
favorable  for  gas  in  the  Big  Injun  and  Gordon  sands. 


406 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


HARRISON  COUNTY  WELL  RECORDS. 

The  accompanying  table  of  435  wells  for  Harrison  county 
contains  the  abbreviated  logs  of  290  borings  as  well  as  levels 
on  most  of  same,  along  with  elevations  on  the  top  of  the  hole 
and  other  data  on  145  other  wells  of  which  the  writer  was 
unable  to  obtain  the  records  at  this  time.  As  with  the  Dod- 
dridge county  list,  these  wells  have  been  selected  from  the 
great  number  drilled  in  the  county  on  account  of  their  wide 
distribution,  and  in  many  instances  on  account  of  some  special 
feature  associated  with  the  well.  The  borings  are  numbered 
from  318  to  741,  and  grouped  first  by  magisterial  districts  and 
then  by  oil  and  gas  pools ; thus,  Nos.  318  to  395  inclusive  are 
located  in  Sardis  district,  and  likewise,  396  to  477  are  in  Ten 
Mile  district.  The  serial  number  in  each  instance  corresponds 
to  the  map  number  of  the  same  well  as  given  on  the  economic 
geology  map  accompanying  this  report.  For  further  parti- 
culars the  reader  is  referred  to  the  explanations  preceding  the 
table  of  wells  for  Doddridge  county,  page  290. 

Under  the  column  headed  “Owner”  in  the  Harrison 
county  table  of  well  records,  the  following  abbreviations  are 
used : 

Blackstone Blackstone  Oil  & Gas  Company. 

Bridgeport  Bridgeport  Oil  & Gas  Company. 

Burt  Burt  Oil  Company. 

Carnegie Carnegie  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Clarksburg Clarksburg  Light  & Heat  Company. 

Clarksburg  O Clarksburg  Oil  & Gas  Company. 

Carter  Carter  Oil  Company. 

Consolidation  The  Consolidation  Coal  Company. 

Crude  The  Crude  Oil  Company. 

Diamond  The  Diamond  Company. 

Fair  Ground Fair  Ground  Improvement  Co. 

Fairmont  & Grafton.  .Fairmont  & Grafton  Gas  Company. 

Fearless Fearless  Oil  Company. 

Fisher  & Phila Fisher  Oil  Co.  and  Philadelphia  Co. 

Fuel  City Fuel  City  Oil  & Gas  Company. 

Gartlan  Gartlan  Drilling  Company. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


407 


Graselli Graselli  Chemical  Company. 

Harbert  O.  & G Harbert  Oil  & Gas  Company. 

Hartman Hartman  Oil  Company. 

Haywood  O.  & G. . . .Haywood  Oil  & Gas  Company. 

Hope Hope  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Horner Horner  Gas  Supply  Company. 

Independent  Independent  Oil  & Gas  Company. 

Industrial  Industrial  Oil  & Gas  Company. 

Kinch  O.  & G Kinch  Oil  & Gas  Company. 

Lost  Creek Lost  Creek  Oil  & Gas  Company. 

Lumberport  . . % Lumberport  Gas  Company. 

Mandell  O.  & G Mandell  Oil  & Gas  Company. 

Marshville  Marshville  Oil  Company. 

Miller  & Co Geo.  E.  Miller  & Company. 

Moon  O.  & G Moon  Oil  & Gas  Company. 

Mt.  Clare  Gas Mt.  Clare  Gas  Company. 

Peerless Peerless  Carbon  Black  Company. 

Penna.  O.  & G Pennsylvania  Oil  & Gas  Company. 

Phila  Philadelphia  Company. 

Raven  Carbon Raven  Carbon  Company. 

Realty  O.  & G Realty  Oil  & Gas  Company. 

Reserve  Reserve  Gas  Company. 

Run  Smooth Run  Smooth  Oil  & Gas  Company. 

Southern  Southern  Oil  Company. 

South  Penn South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Tri-State  Tri-State  Gas  Company. 

Tygart  O.  & G Tygart  Oil  & Gas  Company. 

United  States United  States  Oil  Company. 

Vesper  Gas Vesper  Gas  Company. 

Washington  Washington  Gas  Company. 

Weston  G.  Co Weston  Gas  Company. 

Wheeling  Wheeling  Natural  Gas  Company. 

In  the  elevation  column,  the  letter  “B”  indicates  that  the 
elevation  of  the  top  of  the  hole  was  obtained  by  aneroid 
checked  with  nearby  U.  S.  G.  Survey  spirit  level  elevations; 
the  letter  “L,”  by  spirit  level  measurement.  These  eleva- 
tions are  expressed  in  feet  above  tide.  Depths  and  thicknesses 
of  formations  are  given  in  feet. 


408 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Summarized  Record  of  Wells  in 


Map 

No. 

NAME  OF  WELL 

Location- 

District 

OWNER 

Elevation 
A.  T. 

318 

Geo  Wyvftl  No.  1 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

1460B 

319 

Mary  Hall  No.  2 

Sardis 

South  Penn.  . . . , v. . . 

1360B 

320 

O E Heldreth  No  2 

Sardis 

South  Penn  . . 

1205B 

321 

E L Piggott  No.  1 

Sardis 

Southern 

1590B 

322 

F T Rpnnett  No  1 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

1109L 

323 

Mary  E Heldreth  No.  1 

Sardis 

South  Penn. . 

1095B 

324 

Mary  A.  Bennett  No.  2 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

1150B 

325 

E A Parrish  No.  3 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

1075B 

326 

Alva  Rohinson  No.  1 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

1055B 

327 

jpssp  Talkington  No.  3 

Sardis , 

South  Penn 

1150B 

328 

Malissa  Kelley  No.  1 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

1275B 

329 

Ererl’k  Rohinson  No.  1 

Sardis 

Hope  

1170B 

330 

Rerij  Heldreih  No  1 

Sardis 

Roland  & Groves... 

331 

J P,  Raker1  No.  1 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

1075B 

332 

.Tpssp  Ta^ington  No.  1 

Sardis 

South  Penn  

333 

Arena  Talkington  No  2 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

1295B 

334 

W R G Hall  No  5 

South  Penn  

1220B 

335 

John  Stout  Nn  2 

Saadis  

South  Penn 

1115B 

336 

Omar  E Hall  No  1 

Sardis 

' South  Penn 

1125B 

337 

S A Cavalier  No.  4 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

1150B 

338 

Omar  E.  Hall  No.  3 

Sardis 

South  Penn  1 

339 

G W Talkington  No.  11 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

1125B 

340 

G W Talkington  No.  14 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

1125B 

341 

G W.  Talkington  No.  15 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

1100B 

342 

L E Bartlett  No.  1 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

1050B 

343 

^\Tgs]gy  Robinson  No.  5 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

1080B 

344 

S N Parrish  No  2 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

1040B 

345 

F j Parrish  No  1 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

1015B 

346 

F J Parrish  No.  2 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

1115B 

347 

Woodfie1  d-Spront  No.  1 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

1100B 

348 

O S Ritter  No.  1 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

349 

Bates-Harbert  No  1 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

1041L 

350 

W C Lambert  No  1 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

1125B 

351 

John  Hearld  No.  1 

Sardis 

Wheeling  

1110L 

352 

B T-  Rogers  No  2 

Sardis , 

Wheeling 

1215B 

353 

Felix  Uoffman  No  1 

Sardis 

Carter 

1120B 

354 

E T>  Orr  No  1 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

1030B 

355 

T C Bennett  No  3 

Sardis 

South  Penn  . . . 

1220B 

356 

71  U MeTntyre  No  1 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

1150B 

357 

T G Pennelt  Nn  1 . . . . 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

1140B 

358 

Henry  Stewart  Nn  1 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

| 1160B 

359 

Geo.  Talkington  Heirs  No.  1 . . . 

Sardis 

South  Penn  

! 1165B 

360 

F M Gifford  No  1 

Sardis 

Benedum  & Trees?.. 

| 1065B 

361 

Nathan  Goff  No  39 

Sardis 

Nathan  Goff 

[ 1053L 

362 

"IVTa+Ticim  Gnff  Nr»  45  . . . 

Sardis 

Nathan  Goff  

I 1065B 

S63 

Margaret  McIntyre  No.  2 

Sardis 

Benedum  & Trees . . 

[ 1020B 

364 

TVT  K Tlnvisson  No  1 840 

Sardis 

. phila  

| 1065B 

365 

WT  A Pneera  No  9 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

| 1325B 

366 

E.  L.  Dennison  No.  1 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

| 1015B 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


409 


Harrison  County. 


PITTSBURGH  COAL 

BIG  INJUN  SAND 

GORDON  SAND 

1 

Total 

Depth 

PRODUCING  SAND 

Map 

No. 

Depth 

(top) 

Elevation 

(top 

A.T. 

Thickness 

Depth 

(top) 

Thickness 

Depth 

(top) 

Thickness 

1348 

112 

6 

2610 

90 

3443 

I 

3462 

Gordon  

318 

1245 

115 

6 

2410 

98  | 

3318 

25 

3359 

Gordon  

319 

1060 

145 

5 

2340 

90 

3136 

29 

3166 

Gordon  

320 

1498 

92 

3554 

Stray  

321 

914 

195 

5 

j 2185 

105  | 

3006 

38 

3067 

Gordon  

322 

908 

187 

4 

j 2019 

93  | 

2984 

34 

3033 

Gordon  

323 

961 

189 

| 2250 

105 

3042 

19  1 

3061 

Gordon  

324 

845 

230 



ii 

2121 

101 

2930 

38 

2998 

Gordon  

325 

830 

225 

i 2110 

90 

2903 

27 

3232 

Gordon  

326 

974 

176 



5 

J 2260 

100 

3039 

30 

3099 

Gordon  

327 

930 

345 

1415 

Moundsville  

328 

329 

Gordon  

330 

J 2130 

125 

3240 

30-ft 

331 

1172 

5 

j 2430 

130 

3260 

30 

3308 

Stray  and  Gordon 

332 

1155 

140 

3 

| 2425 

120 

3240 

16 

3256 

30-ft.  and  Stray 

333 

1085 

135 

3 

i 2275 

170 

3150 

3240 

Gordon  

334 

980 

135 

5 

j 2240 

110 

3047 

19 

3070 

Stray  and  Gordon 

335 

975 

! 150 

5 

| 2215 

110 

3046 

20 

3180 

B.  I.,  Stray  and  Gordon. . 

336 

1008 

i 142 

5 

1 2265 

1 120 

3065 

3091 

Gordon  

337 

1280 

7 

| 2478 

42 

3358 

19 

3378 

Stray  and  Gordon 

338 

950 

175 

5 

| 2240 

150 

3005 

27 

3091 

Gordon  

339 

925 

200 

4 

| 2190 

160 

3003 

30 

3033 

Gordon  

340 

898 

j 202 

3 

| 2164 

130 

2979 

30 

3362 

Gordon  

341 

780 

1 270 

| 2054 

127 

2854 

38 

2902 

B I.  and  Gordon 

342 

790 

| 290 

5 

j 2105 

110 

2875 

45 

2925 

B.  I.  and  Gordon 

343 

753 

287 

7 

| 2011 

131 

2815 

42 

2902 

Gordon  

344 

726 

289 

| 1970 

160. . 

2799 

40 

3236 

Gordon  

345 

1024 

91 

| 2298 

[ 120 

3106 

22 

3143 

Gordon  

346 

900 

| 200 

4 

j 2180 

2965 

23 

3028 

Stray  and  Gordon 

347 

835 

| 275  j 

10 

[ 2109 

86 

2932 

30 

2975 

B.  I.,  Stray  and  Gordon. 

348 

850 

191  j 

5 

| 2110 

100 

2925 

21  | 

2977 

Gordon  

349 

I 

| 2270 

96 

3081 

19 

3100 

Gordon 

350 

860 

f 250 

8 

I 2150 

86 

2955 

2965 

B I.  and  Gordon 

351 

920 

295 

6 

1 

103 

3007 

22 

3034 

B.  Dunk.,  B.  I.,  Gordon.. | 

1 352 

865 

I 255 

10 

1 2180 

90 

2935 

10 

2972 

Stray  and  Gord 

| 353 

| 

Gordon 

1 354 

1012 

208 

8 

| 2310 

105 

3094 

23 

3165 

Gordon  

355 

930 

220 

9 

2180 

I 120 

3006 

54 

3060 

Stray  and  Gord | 

| 356 

924 

| 216 

10 

| 2232 

100 

3000 

42 

3083 

Gordon  

357 

| 

358 

| 2334 

140 

3139 

28 

3221 

Gordon 

359 

830 

235 

'-2125 

120  | 

| 2902 

20 

2922 

50-ft  and  Gordon 

1 360 

826.5 

226.5 



| 2144 

92 

j 2918 

22 

2940 

Gordon  

361 

828 

237 

I 6 

| 2112 

98 

| 2895 

30 

2952 

Gordon  

j 362 

700 

320 

| 

| 2010 

96 

| 2775 

23 

2811 

Gordon  | 

363 

747 

318 

9 

I 2042 

113 

| 2834 

41 

3147 

50-ft.  and  Gordon 

364 

950 

! 375 

1 6 

| 2260 

102 

| 3026 

34 

3060 

Gordon  

| 365 

| 

1 

1 366 

410 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Summarized  Record  of  Wells  in 


Map 

No. 

NAME  OF  WELL 

Location — 
District 

OWNER 

Elevation 

A.T. 

367 

Marshall  Bailey  No.  1 

Sardis 

Hartman 

oqrm 

368 

Calvern  Bailey  No.  1 

Sardis 

qqe-r 

369 

T.  P.  Whiteman  No.  1 

Sardis 

South  Penn. 

y y o Jj 
1 040R 

370 

S.  T.  Flanagan  No.  1 

Sardis 

Phila  . . . 

xVuVjt» 
1 1 7^R 

371 

Noah  Harbert  No.  1 

Sardis 

Hope  

XX  l OJD 

1180B 

372 

E.  E.  S.  Rogers  No.  2140 

Sardis 

Phila  

1060B 

373 

I.  L.  Marsh  No.  1 

Sardis 

374 

Temple  Smith  No.  2107 

Sardis 

Phila  

±UUDx> 

1115B 

375 

G.  W.  Kelley  No.  1 

Sardis 

Carnegie 

1 1070R 

376 

Blackburn  Smith  No.  1 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

1 XU  1 UJD 

1050B 

377 

Seth  Piggott  No.  1 

Sardis 

Hartman 

1145B 

378 

Seth  Piggott  No.  1 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

1125B 

379 

J.  L.  Swiger  No.  1 

Sardis 

Hartman 

1110B 

380 

Sam’l  Williams  No.  1 

Sardis 

Plope  

1235B 

381 

John  G.  Rogers  No.  1 

Sardis 

Hope  

1300B 

382 

W.  N.  Edgell  No.  2147 

Sardis 

Phila  

1005B 

383 

H.  H.  Huston  No.  1 

Sardis 

Carnegie  

965B 

384 

E.  L.  Haggerty  No.  1 

Sardis 

Hope 

1140B 

385 

A.  A.  Swiger  No.  1 

Sardis 

Hope  

1090B 

386 

L.  S.  Whiteman  No.  1 

Sardi  s 

Hope  

1325B 

387 

Wm.  T.  Allen  No.  1 

Sardis 

Carnegie  

985B 

388 

Nancy  Griffin  No.  6 

Sardis 

Hone  

980B 

389 

Benj.  Bramer  No.  1 

Sardis 

Hope  

985B 

390 

W.  M.  Strother  No.  1 

Sardis 

South  Penn 

1535B 

391 

Thos.  j.  Strother  No.  1 

Sardis , 

South  Penn . . . 

1130B 

392 

O.  Robinson  No.  2159 

Sardis , 

Phila  

955B 

393 

Jas  Flanagan  No.  2145 

Sardis 

Phila  

1150B 

394 

Louisa  C.  Swiger  No.  1 

Sardis 

Hope  

1004L 

£95 

Clara.  Fortney  No.  1 

Sardis 

Hope  

965B 

396 

John  Goodwin  No.  2 

Ten  Mile 

Hope  

1165B 

397 

John  T.  Goodwin  No.  1 

Ten  Mile 

Hope  

1075B 

398 

E.  L.  Dennison  No.  1 

Ten  Mile 

South  Penn 

1100B 

399 

Jas.  M.  Morris  No.  2 

Ten  Mile 

South  Penn 

1065B 

400 

Geo  P.  Nuzum  No.  1 

Ten  Mile 

South  Penn 

1175B 

401 

E M Estlack  No.  2 

Ten  Mile 

South  Penn 

1075L 

402  j 

T D.  Rogers  No.  1 

Ten  Mile 

South  Penn 

1395B 

403  | 

J.  Lough  No.  1 

Ten  Mile 

Gartlan  | 

! 1290B 

404  I 

G W-  Williams  No.  1 

Ten  Mile 

South  Penn 

1026L 

405 

Luther  Haymond  No  15 

Ten  Mile 

South  Penn 1 

1140B 

406 

Luther  Haymond  No.  1 

Ten  Mile 

South  Penn 

1435B 

407 

Wm  Hickman  No.  1 

Ten  Mile 

Gartlan  

1075B 

408 

J W Williams  No.  1 

Ten  Mile 

U.  S.  Oil  Co 1 

1020B 

409 

J W Williams  No.  2 

Ten  Mile 

IT.  S Oil  Co 

1135B 

410  ! 

Susan  Barnes  No.  5 

Ten  Mile 

South  Penn | 

1085B 

411  1 

J W Williams  No.  8 

Ten  Mile 

United  States 1 

1018L 

412 

J W Williams  No.  6 

Ten  Mile 

United  States | 

413  | 

A C Bailey  No.  1 

Ten  Mile 

South  Penn | 

1345L 

414  1 

A J Varner  No.  8 

Ten  Mile 

South  Penn ] 

tit  | 

415  | 

A C Bailey  No.  8 

Ten  Mile 

South  Penn  J 

1145B 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


411 


Harrison  County. — Continued. 


PITTSBURGH  COIL 

BIG  INJUN  SAND 

GORDON  SAND 

Total 

Depth 

PRODUCING  SAND 

Map 

No. 

Depth 

(top) 

Elevation 

(top) 

A.  T. 

Thickness 

Depth 

(top) 

I hickness 

Depth 

(top) 

Thickness 

695 

1660 

2369 

18 

2742 

367 

1000 

368 

1880 

150 

2677 

33 

2963 

369 

400 

7 

2077 

123 

| 2856 

50-ft.,  30-ft.,  Stray,  Gord. 

370 

753 

427 

1 ' 

50-ft.’  . . . . 

371 

476 

584 

10 

1796 

100 

| 2572 

49 

2631 

30-ft.,  50-ft.  and  4th 

372 

438 

567 

10 

1765 

102 

1867 

B.  I 

373 

590 

525 

6 

1910 

125 

2535 

R.  I.  and  50-ft 

374 

570 

500 

7 

i 1885 

113 

| 2681 

22 

2882 

50-ft.  and  30-ft 

375 

| 

376 

622 

523 

I 1940 

2750 

30 

2845 

377 

590 

525 

8 

| 1912 

80 

| 2760 

20 

3001 

Stray  

378 

558 

552 

| 1855 

110 

| 2717 

16 

3635 

379 

473 

762 

380 

570 

730 

6 

| 1900 

80 

' 

1988 

B.  I 

381 

290 

715 

15 

| 1644 

100 

2370 

(120) 

2796 



382 

106 

859 

1 

| 1490 

94 

2316 

Stray  and  4t.h 

383 



1420 

70 

2220 

20 

2465 

R.  T.,  and  5t.h 

384 

Max'  

385 

Gordon  

386 

! 

387 

1361 

Max  

388 

B.  I 

389 

1 

390 

j 

391 

1270 

110 

2020 

30 

2266 

30-ft  nnrl  5fh 

392 

| 

1443 

95 

2136 

20 

2602 

5th 

393 



1256 

! 

1285 

B I 

394 

I 

395 

396 

860 

215 

6 

2170 

130  I 

2927 

25 

2969 

50-ft.  and  Gord 

397 

| 

Gord  On 

398 

825  1 

240 

Gordon 

399 



2210 

60  1 

3047  | 

20 

3210 

400 

2120  | 

90  1 

2880  | 

34  I 

2967 

Gnvfl nn 

401 

1053 

342 

5 

2350  | 

100 

3129  | 

31  | 

3160 

VJUI  U.UI1  

Gordon  

402 

935  | 

355 

5 ! 

2260  | 

85  | 

3005  | 

33  | 

3038 

50-ft.  and  Gordon 

403 

I 

Gordon 

404 

905  | 

235 

6 

2215  | 

95  | 

2967  | 

21  1 

[ 3012 

Gordon  

405 

1215  | 

220 

5 

2525  j 

95 

3299 

11 

3609 

Stray  and  Gordon 

406 

735  | 

340 

| 

| 

2810  | 

10 

2825 

30-ft  

407 

710 

310 

2010  j 

|| 

2786 

24 

2810 

Gordon  

408 

825  | 

310 

2115  | 

|| 

2886 

21 

2907 

Gordon  

409 

770  | 

315 

7 

2095  | 

|| 

2839  | 

22 

2923 

Gordon  

410 

683  | 

335 



| | 

ii 

| 

1 2749 

20 

| 2769 

Gordon  

411 

890  1. 

| 

|| 

1 1 
2968  | 

24 

2992 

Stray  and  Gordon 

412 

1145  1 

200  1 



5 

2560  j 

70  | 

3224  | 

\ 

!9  | 

3483 

Stray  and  Gordon 

413 

945  |. 

| 

5 II  2240  | 

115 

3010 

12  | 

3023 

Gordon 

414 

945 

200  | 

II  1 

)|  2240  | 

115  | 

3018  | 

26  1 

3044 

Gordon  

415 

412 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Summarized  Record  of  Wei; 


Map 

No. 


416 

417 

418 

419 

420 

421 

422 

423 

424 

425 

426 

427 

428 

429 

430 

431 

432 

433 

434 

435 

436 

437 

438 

439 

440 

441 

442 

443 

444  j 

445  | 

446  | 

447 

448 

449 

450 

451 

452 

453 

454  | 

455  [ 

456  I 

457  | 

458 

459  f 

460 

461  I 

462 

463  I 

464  I 


NAME  OP  WELL 

^ThosT  Williams  No.  1. . 
James  Morris  No.  3. 

Jos.  Rosier  Heirs  No.  * 1 
Eliz.  Moon  No.  3... 
Eliz.  Moon  No.  1. . . . . " 
Martha  Traugh  No.  l . . . 
M.  V.  Davisson  No.  1 


Location — 
District 


OWNER 


Ten  Mile. 
Ten  Mile. 
Ten  Mile. 
Ten  Mile. 
Ten  Mile. 
Ten  Mile. 


A.  W.  P.  Flanagan  No.  2 I Ten 
G.  E.  Harbert  No.  1 . . . . 

M.  Davisson  No.  11.  . . . 

John  F.  Randolph  No.  1, 

Industrial  Home  No.  2.. 

| Industrial  Home  No  1 

1 Ella  Meek  No.  1 

| Homer  Bartlett  No.  i . . ’ 

| Sam’l  Gaines  No.  2. ... . 

| Silas  Fittro  No.  1 

I Silas  Fittro  No.  2. . . . . . . 

[ Patterson  No.  3 ” 

| John  Flint  No.  2. . 

I Columbus  Gain  No.  1.  .! 

| T.  S.  Morris  No.  1 

| Harriet  Williams  No.  l! 

! Chas.  Lanham  No.  1... 

| Frank  Graves  No.  l . ' ’ .’  ’ 

| Chas.  Lanham  No.  1 . . . . 

I S.  Fretto  No.  4 

D.  Boughner  No.  1. .... 

B.  H.  Brown  No.  13 

B.  H.  Brown  No.  12 

F.  M.  Haney  No.  1 

Jesse  A.  Harbert  No.  1.. 

Wilson  Williams  No.  1. . . 

J.  W.  Dennison  No.  13... 

M.  Dolan  No.  1 

Fultz  Heirs  No.  1092.!!.’! 

H.  M.  Turner  No.  1 

Copeland  Heirs  No.  l!!!! 

Hiram  Lynch  No.  14 . ! . . ! 

Hiram  Lynch  No.  3 

J*  G.  Dakon  No.  3 

Hiram  Lynch  No.  44 ! ! ! ! ! 

John  Haney  No.  1 * 

Robinson  No.  1 

A.  D.  Parr1  No.  1 

S.  S.  Cross  No.  1. 


Ten  Mile. 
Mile. 


Ten  Mile. 
Ten  Mile. 
Ten  Mile. 
Ten  Mile. 
Ten  Mile. 
Ten  Mile. 
Ten  Mile. 
Ten  Mile. 
Ten  Mile. 
Ten  Mile. 
‘Ten  Mile. 
Ten  Mile. 
Ten  Mile. 
Ten  Mile. 
Ten  Mile. 
Ten  Mile. 
Ten  Mile. 
Ten  Mile. . 
Ten  Mile. . 
Ten  Mile. . 
Ten  Mile. . 
Ten  Mile. . 
Ten  Mile. . 
Ten  Mile. . 
Ten  Mile. . 
Ten  Mile. . 
Ten  Mile. . 
Ten  Mile. . 
Ten  Mile. . 
Ten  Mile. . 
Ten  Mile. . 
Ten  Mile. . 
Ten  Mile. . 
Ten  Mile. . 
Ten  Mile. . 
Ten  Mile. . . 
Ten  Mile. . . 
Ten  Mile. . . 


Alonzo  Rhodes  No.  1 Ten  Mile 

• “•  No  6 uni 

L_M.  Fultz  No.  4 1 Ten  MiIe 


South  Penn 

South  Penn 

Moon  

Moon  ! 

Moon  

Gartlan  ’ ' 

South  Penn ! ! ! 

South  Penn 

Carter  

South  Penn 

South  Penn . ! 

Industrial  ’ 

Industrial  

Hope  

South  Penn !!. 

South  Penn 

South  Penn 

South  Penn 

R.  T.  Lowndes 

Southern  

Southern  

Kinch  O.  & G.  ......I 

Marshville  i 

Kinch  O.  & G. . !!!’! 

Realty  O.  & G 

South  Penn j 

South  Penn i 

South  Penn i 

South  Penn f 

South  Penn i 

Groves  & Roland. ...  I 

Harbert  \ 

South  Penn 

South  Penn 

Hope  

Hope  

Washington  

Washington  

South  Penn 

South  Penn 

Independent  

South  Penn 

Trainer  Bros 

Despard  et  al 

Phila  | 

Hope  | 

Trainer  Bros [ 

South  Penn | 

South  Penn 


Elevation 
A.  T. 


1175 

1170L 

1055L 

1243L 

1175B 

1085B 

1090B 

1160B 

1163L 

1130B 

1075B 

1070B 

1230B 

1049L 

1112L 

1280L 

1360L 

1115B 

1140B 

1223L 

1265B 

1085B 

1000B 

965B 

1005B 

1365B 

995B 

1185B 

970L 

1160B 

1400B 

1380B 

1205B 

1070B 

1165B 

1150B 

1345B 

1015B 

1192L 

1110B 

1025B 

1195B 

1140B 

1195B 

1130B 

1350B 

1140B 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


413 


Harrison  County. — Continued. 


860 

730 

938 

846 


310 

325 

305 

329 


780  j 305  j 


S60 

890 

960 

945 

918 


230 


200 

218 

212 


6 li 

2 li 

7 II 

6 II 

6 'I 


10 

5 

6 


900  | 330 


1010 

1092 

772 

790 

885 


270  1 
268 
343  | 
350  j. 
338  I. 


2200  | 
2076  | 
2288  | 
2192  | 
2135  | 
2175  j 
2223 
2298  | 
2275  I 
2235  | 


105 

75 


2916 

2805 


30 

19 


PITTSBURGH  C0A1 

BIG  INJUN  SAND 

! GORDON  SAND 

Depth 

(top) 

967 

Elevation 

(top) 

A.T. 

208 

Thickness ' 

1 

5 II 

Depth 

(top) 

2260  i 

Thickness  i 

1 

65  ! 1 

Depth 

(top) 

2022  i 

Thickness 

1 £v  1 

Total 

Depth 

9n*?n 

PRODUCING  SAND 

Map 

No. 

3410 

2841 


88 

85 

110 

90 

107 

110 

67 


2190 

2356 

2442 

2137 


14 

144 

50 

92 


2916  21 

2847  | 17 

2913  I 19 


| 2968 
| 2992 
| 3042 
[ 2984 


19 

20 
10 

8 


2912 

3090 

3165 

2851 

2878 

2965 


178  822 

150  I 815 


500  | 865 

195  | 800 

400  785 

406  | 564 

648  ' 512 


5 ||  1920  | 80 

3 ||  1590  I 50 

8 j|  1830  | 90 

8 ||  1800  j 80 

I 6 ||  2047  | 70 

1990  j 70 

I II  1900  | 50 


152  | 

1013 

I 8 

160  ' 
I 

990 

8 

! 

582 

610 ' 

1 *8* 

716  1 

479 

6 

741  1 

399  | 

466  | 

6 

700  : 

650  | 

6 

463  | 

677  | 

6 

1567 


103 

75 


2630 

2327 

2515 

2476 

2705 

2690 

2591 


2234 

2237 


16 

16 

17 

16 

15 

16 


. .1. 


70 

40 

60 

43 

35 

30 

48 


20 

23 


||  2036 


75 

174 


||  2130 
I 1870  | 72 


2589 

2808 

2790 


20 


2966 

2868 

2960 

2990 

3061 

3052 

2992 


3378 


2939 

3191 

3193 

2888 

2895 

2981 


8 I!  1976  j 74  | (2670 j 16'" 


2665 
3146 
3018 

••••II | ||  2060 

85  l|  2739  ||  2760 

88  I)  2800  | l 3028 


2879 

2578 

2610 

2519 

3113 

2926 

2856 


2538 

2520 


2938 


2521  I 27 


2791 


Gordon  

30-ft.  and  Gordon, 


Stray  and  Gordon, 

Gordon  

B.  I.  and  Gordon. . 

Gordon  

B.  I.,  Gord.  & 4th. 

Gordon  

Gordon  

Gordon  


Gordon  

Gordon  

Gordon  

Gordon  

Stray  and  Gordon, 

Gordon  

Gordon  

Max  

Gordon  


416 

417 

418 

419 

420 

421 

422 

423 

424 

425 

426 

427 

428 

429 

430 

431 

432 

433 

434 

435 

436 

437 

438 

439 

Gordon  440 

Gordon  i 444 

5th  442 

5th  

5th  

5th  

Gordon  

Gordon  and  Fifth .... 


Fifth  

Fifth  

Fifth  

Fifth  

Max.,  B.  I.  and  5th. . 

5th  

5th  

Gordon  and  5th 

Gordon  

B.  I.  and  Gordon 


Gordon,  4th  and  5th. 

Max 

Gordon  

5th  

5th  


443 

444 

445 

446 

447 

448 

449 

450 

451 

452 

453 

454 

455 

456 

457 

458 

459 

460 

461 

462 

463 

464 


414 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Summarized  Record  of  Wells  in 


Map 

No 

NAME  OF  WELL 

Location- 

District 

OWNER 

Elevation 
A.  T. 

465 

G.  W.  Albright  No.  1 

Ten  Mile 

South  Penn 

1350B 

466 

G.  W Albright  No.  2 

Ten  Mile 

South  Penn 

1310B 

467 

G.  W.  Albright  No.  3 

Ten  Mile 

South  Penn 

1350B 

468 

Sanford  Nuznm  No.  1 

Ten  Mile ’ 

South  Penn 

1105B 

469 

Dorothy  Young  No.  1 

Ten  Mile 

Fearless  

1145B 

470 

L.  E.  Stout  No.  1 

Ten  Mile , 

Hope  

471 

Wm.  Jarvis  No.  1 

Ten  Mile 

Hope  

1030L 

472 

G Payne  No.  6 

Ten  Mile , 

South  Penn 

1050B 

473 

G.  Payne  No  10 

Ten  Mile } 

South  Penn 

1069L 

474 

G.  Payne  No.  3 

Ten  Mile 

South  Penn 

1260B 

475 

G.  Payne  No.  2 

Ten  Mile 

South  Penn 

1150B 

476 

Leeman  Maxwell  No.  1 

Ten  Mile 

Southern 

1130B 

477 

S.  Nutter  No.  1 

Ten  Mile , 

Southern 

1130L 

478 

L.  E.  Ash  No.  159 

Union * 

■Rpserve 

1140B 

479 

M W Smith  No  1 

Union 

Reserve  

11 2 0B 

480 

Sanford  Fleming  No.  1 

Union. ...  

Reserve  

1200B 

481 

L Lanham  No  1 

Union 

Reserve  

1210B 

482 

F M.  Davis  No.  1 

Union 

Reserve  

1095B 

483 

Edw  Maxwell  No.  1 

Union 

Reserve  

1155B 

484  | 

| W.  B.  Maxwell  No.  2005 

Union 

Phila  | 

1017L 

485  1 

Lee  Maxwell  No.  1 

Union 

Reserve  

| 990B 

1 

486 

Dr.  E.  E.  Edgell  No.  1 

Union 

Hope  ? 

| 980B 

487 

G.  W.  Wolf  No.  1 

Union 

United  States 

1055B 

488  | 

Harvey  Heffner  No  2038 

Union 

Phila  . 

1175B 

489  ] 

T.  S.  Wright  No.  277 

Union 

Reserve 

1045B 

490  [ 

Wirt  Post  No  1 

Union 

Reserve  

1090B 

491  i 

W.  W.  Post  No.  1. . 

Union 

Reserve  

1075B 

492  | 

Earl  Post  No.  1 

Union 

Hope  

1195B 

493 

Beckwith  Bice  No  1 

Union 

Hope  

1200B 

494 

Nanov  Nioholson  No  1979 

Union 

Phila 

1155B 

495 

I C Bennett  No  1 

Union 

Washington  

1160B 

496 

"W  B Brown  No  1588 

Union 

Hope  

1170B 

497 

Harriet  Stutler  No  1 

Union 

Reserve  

1020B 

498 

Jacob  McConkey  No  1 

Union 

Hope  

985B 

499 

W.  S.  Burnside  No.  1 

Union 

Hood  "White 

1006L 

500 

W S Burnside  No  1 

Union 

Hope 

1015L 

501 

Wm  Gaston  No  1 

• Union 

Hope  

1090B 

502 

Loretta  Finlev  Heirs  No  1 

Union 

Crude 

1335B 

503 

Chas  W Rhodes  No  1 

Union 

Reserve 

1020B 

504 

C C Tallman  No  1 

Union 

South  Penn 

994L 

505 

Austin  Hardway  No  1 

Union 

Hope  

1080B 

506 

Arthur  Rhodes  No  2 

Union 

Hope 

1000B 

507  | 

Stephen  Bennett  No  2.« 

Union , 

South  Penn 

1330B 

508  | 

Edith  Starkey  No.  1 

Union 

South  Penn 

1145B 

509  1 

L .T  Ayerp  No  1 

Union 

South  Penn 

1410B 

510  | 

Abram  Coffindaffer  No.  2 

Union 

South  Penn 

1380B 

511  | 

Abram  Coffindaffer  No.  3 

Union 

South  Penn 

1140B 

512  I 

A Mathey  No.  3 

Union 

South  Penn 

1105L 

513  | 

TP  TVT  "Rsnlpv  No  1 

Union 

South  Ppuu 

1135B 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


415 


Harrison  County. — Continued. 


PITTSBURGH 

COAL 

BIG  INJUN  SAND 

GORDON  SAND 

Total 

Depth 

Depth 

(top) 

Elevation 

(top) 

A.  T 

Thickness 

Depth 

(top) 

Thickness 

Depth 

(top) 

Thickness 

696 

654 

7 

2135 

65 

2840 

3039 

695 

615  | 

7 

2098 

77 

2784 

31 

3009 

750 

600 

8 

2190 

50 

2855 

45 

3061 

640 

505 

1 

2030 

110 

2723 

32 

j 2950 

325 

745 

1 

1755 

80 

2425 

2660 



503 

757 

8 

1958  | 

47  | 

2600 

2839 

490 

660 

1900 

| 

2620 

34 

OQfiQ 

650 

480 

| 2730 

Li  yuy 

680 

450 

1 i 

| 2765 

ouuv 

2980 

1487  | 

87  | 

| 2220 

10 

' 

1435  | 120  j 

| 2190 

30 

2618 

! 

II 

1 1400  | 110  | 

2093 

52 

2342 

i 

1285  | 

100 

| 1825 

| 

1300  | 

200 

0 

i 

1530 

120 

1 Li‘±K)[J 
1 94QQ 

1 

1333 

102 

1 1683 

! 

...... 

179 

1021  | 

5 1 

230  I 

925 

1 

5 II  1686  | 

70  | 

2310  j 

44 

2583 

220 

940  1 

6 II 

1692  | 

97 

2315 

74  | 

2561 

137  [ 

1033  | 

1! 

1696  | 

104  || 

2341 

32  | 

2513 

43  || 

2160 

1 * 1 

. J 

| 

80  II 

2292 

20  | 

2429J 

L 

1 ! 

90  ||  2100 

35 

2385 

116  II 

1538 

1 

u II 

332  I 

813  | 

[|  1787  |. 

| 

2430 

20 

2677 

755  | 

655  I 

6 ||  2200  | 

80  . 

|. 

3056 

685  1 

695  | 

5 | 2142  | 

58  | 

2795  | 

40 

3003 

458  | 

682  • 

5 ||  1900  | 100  | 

2550 

45 

2783 

487  | 

618  | 

5 ||  1915  | 103  | 

2575  | 

35. 

2814 

645  | 

490  | 

7 II- 

1- 

1 

2720  | 

35 

3018 

PRODUCING  SAND 


Map 

No. 


Stray,  Gord.  and  5th 

Stray  and  5th 


5 th 
5th 
5 th 


Stray  and  5th 


5th  ... 
5th 

Gordon 


5th  ... 
Gordon 


Max. 

and 

Gordon 

30-ft. 

and 

5th 

30-ft 

30-ft. 

and 

5th 

30-ft. 

and 

5th 

B.  I.  and  30-ft 


50-ft 


B.  I.  and  Gantz 


Max  

Gor'd.  and  5th 

Gord.  and  5th 

Gantz,  50-ft.  & 5th 


5th  

50-ft .'''I' 

B.  Lm 

Gantz,  Stray  and  5th. . . . 


Gantz  

5th  

5th  

Stray  and  5th 

5th  

5th  

5th  


465 

466 

467 

468 

469 
[ 470 
| 471 

472 

473 

474 
I 475 
I 476 

477 

478 

479 

480 

481 

482 

483 

484 

485 

486 

487 

488 

489 

490 

491 

492 

493 

494 

495 

496 

497 

498 

499 

500 

501 

502 

503 

504 

505 

506 

507 

508 

509 

510 

511 

512 

513 


416 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Summarized  Record  of  Wells  in 


Map 

No 

NAME  OF  WELL 

Location — 
District 

OWNER 

Elevation 
A.  T. 

014 

A.  Mathey  No.  6 

Stephen  Myers  No.  1 

Union 

.1  South  Penn 

1345B 

1255B 

olo 

Union 

Soilfli  Ppmi 

516 

E.  J.  Marsh  No.  1 

Union.  . . . 

^ u til  x Cilu.  . . t t 

Hope 

517 

Walter  S.  Fairs  No.  1 

Union 

South  Penn 

1225B 

1120B 

1090B 

1041L 

1135B 

1053L 

1390B 

1065B 

1075B 

1050B 

518 

Frank  C.  Curry  No.  1 

Union 

South  Ppti n 

519 

Jos.  M.  Campbell  No.  1 

Union 

Hope 

520 

Thos.  J.  McKinley  No.  2 

Union 

, South  Penn 

521 

Thos.  J.  McKinley  No.  1 

Union 

Soufh  Penn 

522 

J.  M.  Hall  No.  1 

Union 

South  Ppith 

523 

Crocker-Hall  No.  1 

Union 

OUUII1  x tJUIl 

T?  pupwo 

524 

H.  A.  Hall  No.  1 

Union. . 

HCOCI  V tJ  , , , 

Q n n Vi  T^Arvn 

525 

W.  L.  Hall  No.  3 

Union. . . 

ouuji  renn 

TD/-vyi 

526 

Rush  Moffet  No.  (1) 

Union 

ouuiii  renn 

Soiitli  Ponu 

527 

Isaac  Carder  No.  2 

Union. . . . 

OLJ  U til  JT  tJUIl 

1235B 

1275B 

1170B 

528 

Henry  Nutter  No.  1 

Union 

529 

Mollie  Marts  No.  1 

Union 

Sniltll  Dn-n  v-| 

530 

Z.  W.  Morris  No.  1 

Union. . . 

ou  li  in  _l  enn  ••••••••, 

1100B 

1065B 

1125B 

531 

Emily  F.  Coffindaffer  No.  1... 

Union 

Hope 

532  | 

H.  S.  Davis  No.  1 

Eagle 

Smith  TJatvh 

533  | 

Simon  S.  Shriver  No.  2 

Eagle 

ouuiii  renn 

Smith  Pprm 

1140B 

1 1 Q AT) 

534 

535 

(J.  E.  Copenhaver  No.  1)?.... 

Eagle 

ovj  u tii  r 

South  Penn... 

lloOB 

(1160B) 

1025B 

1030B 

1065B 

1335B 

"1  O A AT 

Serena  Wyer  No.  1 

Eagle . 

South  Pprin 

536 

Loretta  Morris  No.  1... 

Eagle 

kjUUlil  L dill  ••••••••• 

South  Pprin 

537 

(O.  Hawker)  I.  Moore  No.  1. . . 

Eagle 

Carnegie  .... 

538 

Nancy  Rogers  No.  2 

Eagle 

Smith  Ppnn 

539 

Sarah  Baker  No.  1 

Eagle 

OUU.111  JTdlll  . •••••••, 

Smith  Pati  v» 

540 

Acena  Copenhaver1  No.  1. 

Eagle 

ouuui  x turn 

South  Ppnn 

loOOJu 

1135B 

1105B 

541 

C.  L.  Starkey  No.  1 . . 

Eagle 

UV/ULli  X cim 

Smith  Ponn 

542 

Enoch  Starkey  No.  2 

Eagle 

uuuiii  rcllll.  

South  Ppnn  I 

543 

H.  S.  Davis  No.  1 

Eagle 

kJvulli  JT  dill 

Carnegie  [ 

South  Penn 1 

Smith  Pprm  f 

1270B 

1010B 

1013L 

1005L 

995B 

985B 

985B 

980B 

544 

545 

Dan’l  F.  Cunningham  No.  1. . . . 
W.  P.  Mason  No.  1 

Eagle 

Eagle 

546 

W.  P.  Mason  core  test 

Eagle 

k>uuiii  renn 

T V Thnmncinn 

547  | 

A.  P.  Mason  No.  1 

Eagle 

*->  • v . x iiuiiipouil 

Burt 

548  | John  R.  Mason  No.  1 

Eagle 

Burt 

549  Isaac  Hess  No.  1 

Eagle 

Hope 

550  j W.  A.  Rusk  No.  1 

Eagle 

Fa  rnpp-i  p 

551  B.  F.  Griffin  No.  1 

Eagle 

v>  caj  a ••••••••••• 

Carnegie 

552  1 

Dan’l  E.  Shaw  No.  1 

Eagle 

Ca  rn  p?i  p 

1285B 
1150B 
1010B 
1170B 
1360B 
1445B 
980B 
1190L 
10  5 OB 
1070B 
1210B 

553  | 

Ellsworth  Ogden  No.  1 

Eagle 

Eagle 

Hope 

554 

Thos.  Hawker  No.  1... 

Hope 

555  [ 

Odell  V.  Ashcraft  No.  2117 

Eagle 

Phila  

556  | 

Chas.  Ashcraft  No.  1 

Eagle 

Hope 

557  | 

L.  A.  Martin  No.  1 

Eagle 

Hope 

558  | 

Wm.  Hardesty  No.  1 

Eagle 

Phila 

559 

Wm.  Chalfant  No.  1878... 

Eagle 

Phi^a 

560  1 

Jas.  A.  Robinson  No.  1 

Eagle 

South  Penn 

561  | 

Geo.  Coffman  No.  1 

Eagle 

Eagle 

Hope9 

562  J 

Luther  Coffman  No.  1 

Hope  1 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


417 


Harrison  County. — Continued. 


PITTSBURGH  COAL  BIG  INJUR  SAND 

GORDON  SAND 

Total 

Depth 

PRODUCING  SAND 

Map 

No 

Depth 

(topi 

Elevation 
(top) 
A.  T. 

Thickness  Thickness 

Depth 

(top) 

Thickness 

1 

740 

728 

605 

527 

6 li  2225  | 55 

7 ij  2170  | 110 

II 1 

' 

2802 

2787 

Stray  

514 

515 

516 

517 

518 

519 

520 

521 

522 

523 

524 

525 

526 

527 

528 

529 

530 

531 

532 

533 

534 

535 

536 

537 

538 

539 

540 

541 

542 

543 

544 

545 

546 

547 

548 

549 

550 

551 

552 

553 

554 

555 

556 

557 

558 

559 

560 

561 

562 

| 2785 

7 | 
1 

Stray  

Gord.,  Stray,  4th 

1 1920  | 105 
! 1780  120  I 

| 

2520 

2390 

68  jj 
62  || 
. II 

2840 
2650  j 

Stray  



Gord.  and  5th 



5th  | 

| | 

5th  

605 



785 

5 

| 2095  | 125 
j 1635  | 147 
| |. . . 

| 2700 
2218 

40  jj 

92  || 

II 

! 2922 
2462 

5th,  Stray,  Gordon 

30-ft.  and  5th 

| 1752  j 96 
| | 

| 2370 
! 

51  || 

|| 

2576 

5th  





| | 

| 

5th  



| 

|| 

Stray  and  5th 



|'|  1976  | 143 
1 1 

| 2557 

26  || 
II 

2598 

Gordon  





B.  I 





II 1 



865  ' 
860  ! 
1080 
595 



! 275  | 

! 300  ! 
1 (80) 

' 430 

1 

5 

5 

5 

i 6 

'|j  2150  | 109 
II  2125  | 115 
II  2345  | 100 
||  1913  | 125 
II  1820  I 36 
II  1918  | 142 
|j  2219  | 147 
|j  2170  ! 145 
II 1 

| 2988 
| 2954 
| 3160 
P 2742 
||  2691 

II 

44  || 

28  i 

40  1 

19  | 

II 

| 3012 
3026 
3237 
2789 
3060 
2640 
3060 
3290 
1604 
3006 
3230 
2240 
] 3372 

Gordon  

Gordon  

Gordon  

30-ft  

Stray  

617 

924 

858 

750 

770 

1079 

860 

782 

! 448  | 

1 411 

1 442 

C 385 
| 335 

1 410 



6 

1 6 
i 4 
1 5 

! 6 
1 3 

i 5 

30-ft  

||  3049 
|i  2987 
11 

6 1 
7 I 

I | 

Stray  

II  Cow  Run 

'1  2050  | 120  ||  2876 

||  2363  | 117  ||  3178 

'I  9990  1 II 

i 39 
1 39  | 

i i 

50-ft.  and  Gordon 

Gordon  

B.  I 

T 228  1 5 

1 1 

II  2070  I 110  ||  2866  100  1 

II 1 II 1 

Gordon  

I I |i I | 

1 1 .11 II 1 

. 

250  | 745 
175  j 810 

! '!  1565  ( 100  [j  2418  | 16 

II  . 1 II  1 1 

2434 

Gordon  

1 | | || | 

485  1 

670  ! 615 

f 1 

1 

! 10  jj  1800  1 150  || | 

1 8 11  1961  ! 135  [|  2807  | 33 

‘j  1615  I 105  [|  2423  | 27 

. . [| | |j...  | 

2491 

2986 

2795 

50-ft.  and  30-ft 

B.  I.  and  50-ft 

50-ft.,  30-ft.,  4th 

280 

’ 890 

8 !|  1665  ' 125  ||  2470  | 15 
II | || | 

2716 

B.  I.  and  5th 

• *1* 

1 . . ,|| |. ....  ||  | 

i .....  l| | || | 

| 

1 

1 II 1 II .1 

B.  I 

J 

j 

1324  ! 44 

|| ( I 

1383 

B I 

I l 

1 1 li i ii I II 

418 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Summarized  Record  of  Wells  in 


Map 

No. 

NAME  OF  WELL 

Location- 

District 

OWNER 

Elevation 

A.T. 

563 

.J.  B.  Cunningham  No.  1 

Eagle 

Fairmont  

1000B 

564 

James  Coffman  No.  1 

Eagle 

Phila  

1085B 

565 

Harriet  A.  Michael  No  2342.. 

Eagle 

Phila  

1160B 

566 

Lemuel  Heldreth  No  1 

Eagle 

Carnegie  

1180B 

567 

Sylvester  Lyons  No  1 . . 

Eagle 

Hope?  

1070B 

568 

B.  F.  Heldreth  No.  1 

Eagle 

Carnegie  

1080B 

569 

J.  A.  Harbert  No.  2142 

Eagle 

Phila 

1025B 

570 

Fffie  M Mason  Ne  1 

Eagle 

Hope  

1190B 

571 

.Ten nip  Martin  No  1 

Eagle 

Carnegie  

1065B 

572 

B.  F Rogers  No.  1788 

Eagle 

Phila  

1005B 

573 

Tda.  M.  Hustead  Nn  1 

Eagle 

Hope  

1145B 

574 

,T  Allen  Swigej*  No  1 

Eagle 

Wheeling  ’ 

1050B 

575 

R.  M Rogers  No  2293 

Eagle 

Phila  

1005B 

576 

Eagle 

Hope  

1165B 

577 

Eagle 

Hope  

930B 

578 

Eagle 

Phila  

1010B 

579 

F L.  Rohpy  Nn  1 

Eagle 

Carnegie  

985B 

580 

E L Coffman  No  2362 

Eagle 

Phila  

1195B 

581 

T.pp  FO£?'2,'PSa  Nn  4 

Eagle 

Carnegie  

1075B 

582  1 

•UvggUOfe  1XU.  t: 

1 Ellis  Fortnev  No  1 

Eagle 

Lumberport  

975L 

583 

-L  l iilUj'  U.  _L.  ••••••••.. 

Flptphpr  Pnhin  cnn  \Ta  1 

Eagle 

Lumberport 

985B 

584 

1 iClvllCl  XV  X/  UlIloUIl  1NU.  X 

Thos  E Harhprt  No  1 

Eagle 

TTopp  

985B 

585 

1YT  Til  onH  PI  ri  TTpitViutyi  \Ta  "| 

Eagle 

Hope 

1130L 

586 

ivx.  xu.  dll  XI  Jjj.  vjr.  JLXtJllIldlll  1>U,  i. 

Thpodorp  l\To  1 

Eagle 

TTopp  

f 1120L 

587 

-L  1ICUUU1  C 1>IU,  X.  • • • • • 

Horner  Hdw  Co  No  1 

Eagle 

Lumberport  

920B 

588 

pa  rnli  r»P  Mathpwc  ISJn  1 

Fagle  

Horner  

930B 

589 

e'en  UlllltJ  lVXdLllt/Wo  i>  U,  X.  • • • • • 

Ben  Mathers  No  1 

Eagle 

Hope  

1295B 

590 

Ellis  Fortney  No  1 

Eagle 

Hope  

1070B 

591 

J H Towles  No  1 

Eagle 

Haywood  O.  G 

990B 

592 

V B Osden  No  1 

Eagle 

South  Penn 

935B 

593 

V B Ogden  No  2 

Eagle 

South  Penn 

965B 

594 

Curtis  Ashcraft  No  1 

Eagle 

Lumberport  

980B 

595 

Jas  Lyons  Heirs  No  1 

Eagle 

Hope  

1030B 

596 

Frank  Revnolds  No  1 

Eagle 

Hope  *.  . 

1020B 

597 

Howard  (Torp  No  1 

Eagle 

O C Bradley 

1265B 

598 

p'  T riniTYimnnH  Ma  1 PCI  O 

n p ctI  p 

Hope  

1050B 

599 

r , . ui  u ill  ill  U 11  XL  1NU.  XOXa 

Virginia  B Kile  No  1 

Eagle 

Hope  

1191L 

600 

| Lindsay  Jett  No  1 

Clay 

Carnegie  

1110B 

601 

| Frank  Booher  No  1 

Clay  . 

Hope  

1145B 

602 

| O.  C Martin  No  1 

Clay . . 

South  Penn 

1095B 

603 

Opo  W Mil’an  No  1 

Clay 

Carnegie  

1 1297L 

604 

1 Spvmonr  S^ark  No  1 

Clay 

Phila  

1 1115B 

604A 

| Lucas  Bros  No  1 

Clay 

phila 

| -935B 

605 

| Chas  Short  No  1 

Cla  v 

I 1035B 

605A 

Lucas  Bros.  No  4 



Clay  

Phila  

| 900B 

606 

Morris  Tegard  No  1 

Clay 

] 1363L 

607 

Hood  Bros  No  1 

Clay 

Hope 

1 910B 

608 

I B.  W Shinn  No  1 

C’av  

| 1040B 

609 

1 John  F.  Sturms  Heirs  No.  1.  . . 

1 C7av 

Carnesie  

j 1055B 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


419 


Harrison  County. — Continued. 


PITTSBURGH  COIL 

BIG  INJUN  SAND 

GORDON  SAND 

Total 

Depth 

PRODUCING  SAND 

Map 

No. 

Depth 

(top) 

Elevation 

M 

Thickness 

Depth 

(top) 

Thickness 

Depth 

(top) 

Thickness 

(—10) 

97 

562 

670 

1010 

988 

598 

510 

6 

1365 

1516 

1898 

1997 

124 

42 

2189 

11 

j 2376 

i 2808 
| 2010 
! 3172 
| 

; 30-ft.  and  Gold 

! B.  I.,  Berea  and  Fifth... 
B.  I 

563~ 

564 

565 

566 

567 
| 568 
| 56§ 

570 

571 
1 572 
| 573 
j 574 
( 575 
1 576 
1 577 
[ 578 

579 

580 

581 

582 

583 

584 

585 

586 

587 
1 588 
[ 589 
| 590 

591 

592 

593 

594 

595 

596 

597 

598 

599 

600 
601 
602 

603 

604 
604A 

605 
605A 

606 

607 

608 
609 

146 

2785 

28  | 

1 



340 

185 

740 

840 

5 

i ^ 

| 1660 
| 1539 
! 

1695 
1 

1 • - 

B.  I 

76 

2283 

17 

B.  I.,  30-ft.,  Gord.  & 5th. 

118 

947 

6 

| 1465 
| 1305 

110 

100 

2220 

2106 

55  | 

24 

1 

2387 

2130 

4th  

B.  I.  and  Gord 

25 

1025 

1 

| 1382 

100 

[ 2369 
! . . 

B.  I and  5th 

90 

1145 



B.  I.  and  Gord 

•••••• 

1 

1285 
! 1304 
1467 
1315  | 
1225 
| 1245  | 
1 1 

80 

104 

68 

85  | 

100 
75  [ 

1 

2082 

2098 

27 

22 

| 

2328J 
| 2422 
2105 
[ 2332 
j 2293 
2317 

B.  I.,  Gord.  and  5th 

B.  I.,  50-ft.,  4th  & 5th... 
B.  I.,  30-ft.  & Gord 

1 

(—93)|(1068) 

1 

| 

1 1 

1 1 

I::::::! 
; | 

2120 
2070 
1995 
1 

40  [ 

20 

55  | 

| 

B.  I.,  4th  & 5th 

B.  I.,  Gord.  & 5th 

B.  I.,  Gord.,  50-ft.  & 5th. 

1 

1 1 

1 

1 

! 



1 1 

| | 



| 

| 

| 

I ' 

i 1 

1 

i | 

| 1310  j 
| 1348  | 

i i 

85  j 

112  ; 

j 2110 

' 2170 

25  I 
30  | 

2278 

2358 

Gord.  and  5th 

B.  I.,  Gord.  & 5th | 

B.  I.  and  4th 

I 

— 



1 i 

| 





1390  | 
1405  ! 

90  1 
mo  i 

2265 

2265 

2217 

4th  | 



1 

| 

2160 

2178 

25 

i 







| 1 

1 

i 

| 

| 

1 

j 

208  | 1057 

6 

1621  | 109  | 
| | 

2375 
| 

12 

2478 

4th  | 

’ 1570  [ 115  [ 

1 

’ 2330 

70  ! 

2409 

30-ft.  and  4th.. 

B T.  and  Gord .... 

| j| 

! 

1675  j 45  j 
1814  | 106  | 

1510  I 60  1 

1421  | 50  | 

2458 

2600 

25 

20 

2559 

2832 

2561 

4th 

394  | 903 

107  | 1008 

6 ! 
11  ! 

5th  

50-ft.  and  4th 

B I 

1 

1392  | 

2120 

i 

50-ft  and  4th 

:::::: 

■R  T 

82  | 973 

7 

1506  1 

I 

1545 

B.  I ' 

Map 

No. 

W“ 

611 

612 

613 

614 

615 

616 

617 

618 

619 

620 

621 

622 

623 

624 

625 

626 

627 

628 

629 

630 

631 

632 

633 

634 

635 

636 

637 

638 

639 

640 

641 

642 

643 

644 

645 

646 

647 

648 

648. 

649 

650 

651 

652 

653 

654 

655 

655. 

656 


420 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Summarized  Record  of  Wells  in 


NAME  OP  WELL 

Location — 
District 

OWNER 

Elevation 

A.T. 

Cr.  Tj  Hardpsty  No  7.  . . 

Clay 

Fisher  & Phila 

1085B 

Rtnnpwall  MrTntyrP  N<">  1 

Clay 

South  Penn 

Clay 

South  Penn 

995B 

Clay 

South  Penn 

1125B 

R R Hardpsty  No  1 

Clay 

Hope 

1170B 

E M Sapp  Nn  1 . . 

Clay 

South  Penn 

1165B 

Clay 

985B 

Clay 

Benedum  & Trees . . 

PI  PL  Swigpr  No.  2316 

Clay 

Phila  

1125B 

PL  ,T.  Whilom  an  No  2 

Clay 

South  Penn 

1090B 

T B Marlin  No  3 

Clay 

South  Penn 

1085B 

S L Vincent  No.  5 , 

Clay 

South  Penn 

1085B 

A W TTartloy  PToirp  No  1 . . 

Clay 

South  Penn 

1390B 

A W-  Ha.ytlpy  Hoirs  No  3.  . . . 

Clay 

South  Penn 

1515B 

E.  W.  Thompson  No.  1 

Blackstone  

Wm.  M.  Gray  No.  1 

Run  Smooth 

1385B 

Ram’l  Sonthorn  No  1 

Clay 

Tygart  O.  & G 

1125B 

J R Bartlett  No  1 

Clay 

South  Penn 

1156L 

Dora  (J.  R.)  Bartlett  No.  1. . . 

Cl  a v 

South  Penn 

Geo.  Rinehart  No  1 

vidj  . • . 

Cla  v 

South  Penn 

1140B 

Nimshi  Niiznm  No.  4 

oiaj • . . . 

Clav 

Miller  & Co 

1165B 

Nimshi  Nuzum  No.  1 

Cla  v 

Miller  & Co 

1170B 

.Tos  Ashr.raft  No  1 

v/iaj 

Clav 

Phila  

1115B 

R L Reed  No  1 

viaj 

tTjivlnr  P.n  ) 

South  Penn 

954L 

J.  F.  (Frank  M.)  Holt  No.  1. . . 

\ JL  CXj  j lUi  \J\J • j • • • 

(Taylor  Co.) . . . 

Dugan  et  al 

980B 

Davis  Heirs  No  1 

( Mari  on  Co  1 

Fitch  et  al 

1156L 

H.  E.  Swiger  No.  1 

^lvial  lull  vjv • ) . . • 

Clay 

South  Penn 

1085B 

Wm  Fancher  No.  1 

Clay 

South  Penn 

1075B 

J.  L.  Bice  No  1 

(Marion  Co.) . . . 

Gillespie  et  al 

1020B 

Geo.  Martin  ( j.  H.  Willis)  No.  1 

1 (Taylor  Co.) . . . 

1030B 

Nettie  Chalfant  No.  1 

Clay 

South  Penn 

1110B 

Rosa  Radabaugh  core  test. . . . 

| clav 

T N.  Sands 

1310B 

G.  W.  Southern  core  test 

| Clay 

T.  N.  Sands 

Sam’l  A Elliott  No.  1 

Clay 

South  Penn 

1030B 

Abraham  Right.er  No.  1 

Clay /.  . . . 

Righter  et  al 

985B 

L D Jarvis  Heirs  No  1 

Clay 

Benedum  & Trees. . . 

1095B 

H H Bine  No  1 

! ciay  

1160L 

H H Bine  pore  test 

Clay 

Consolidation  

1080B 

Silas  Ogden  No  1 

Clay 

Mandell  O.  & G 

1040B 

Blither  Harhert  No  1 

Clay 

Phila  

900B 

Hugh  Martin  No  1 

Clay 

Hope  

920B 

Emma  T.vons  No  1 

Coal.' 

Hope  

Bovd  Allen  No  1 

Coal  

Hope  

1190B 

John  Q McIntyre  No  1 

Coal 

Hope  

975B 

Consolidation  Coal  Co  No  1 

i Coal  

Consolidation  

1035B 

\J  W 11  OUliUCl  HU  11  VJ UCL1  VJU,  i.’l  W.  JL  . . 

Mordeeai  Smith  No  1 

Coal 

Hope  

1105B 

Moses  Tiehenall  No  1 

Coal  

Clarksburg  

925B 

Smith  P,o1p  No  1 

| Coal  

Penna  O & G 

1 Sam’l  Williams  No.  2 

I Coal 

Hope  

1145B 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


421 


Harrison  County. — Continued. 


PITTSBURGH  COAL 


Depth 

(topi. 


Elevation 

: ft! 


..100  ; 085 


Thickness 


148 


1022 


60  1065 

•••I 


440 

| 1075 

170  | 

235 

| 1150 

135  | 
| 

40 

1125 

60  | 

1110B 

BIG  INJUN  SAND 


Depth 

(top) 


1439 


1627 

1611 


7 1545  153 

1510  | 120  | 


Thicknees 


104 


110 

82 


GORDON  SAND 


Depth 

(top) 


2050 

2215 


Thickness 


10 


35 


...  | 1505  I 115 
...||  1825  | 150 

6 ||  1910  | 100 
0 jj  1672 

7 II  1731 


||  1675 

....||  1480 
10  ||  1554 

....||  1553 

1|  1510 

....||  1670 


180 

126 


169 

115 


911 

825 


)(1035) 

40  1065B 


1415 


90 

125 

106 

105 

170 

110 


85 


1340  | 100 


||  1400  | 96 


10  || 

5 ||  1555 

|j  1357 


2500 


20 


2150  | 25 


Total 

Depth 


2069 

2506' 


2252 


| 2020 


| 2064 
1 2828 
2539 
2258 
| 2310 


2205 

2112 

2142 

2164 

2175 

2294 


2074 


(1300) 
| 2860 


2080  | 25 


110 

75 


2104 


| 1383  | 120  j 2112 

I ] II I 

II | 

| 1300  | 111  I 

| 1355  I 110  | 

I 1426  | || | 


25 


13 


2672 

745 


2697 

2353 


2396 


2305 

2364 


PRODUCING  SAND 


50-ft 


Bayard? 
50-ft  ... 
50-ft  ... 
50-ft  ... 


50-ft 

50-ft 


50-ft 


50-ft  

B.  I.  and  50-ft. 
B.  I.  and  50ft.  . 


50-ft 

50-ft 

50-ft 

50-ft 

50-ft 


50-ft 


50-ft 


B.  I.,  50-ft. 

B.  I 

50-ft  


& 6th, 


Stray 


and 

and 


6th. 

5th. 


5th  

5th  

50-ft.  and 


5th. 


Map 


610 
611 
612 

613 

614 

615 

616 

617 

618 
619 
620 
621 
622 

623 

624 

625 

626 

627 

628 

629 

630 

631 

632 

633 

634 

635 

636 

637 

638 

639 

640 

641 

642 

643 

644 

645 

646 

647 

648 
648A 

649 

650 

651 

652 

653 

654 

B.  I.  and  5th | 655 

50-ft.  and  5th [ 655A 

50-ft  656 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


422 


Summarized  Record  of  Wells  in 


Map 

No. 

NAME  OF  WELL 

Location- 

District 

j 

OWNER 

i 

Elevation 

A.T. 

657 

S FI  Hamriek  No  1145 

Coal 

Hope  

1135B 

658 

T F Gifford  No  2102 

Coal 

Phila  

1405B 

659 

.T  TV  Rrnwn  No.  1 

Coal 

Diamond  

1025B 

660 

fl  M Long  No.  1 

Coal 

Hope  

1225B 

661 

Thos  Reynolds  No.  1 

Coal 

Washington  

1060B 

662 

Coal 

Reserve  

1025B 

663 

Coal 

Penna.  O.  & G 

1080B 

663A 

Coal 

Penna.  O.  & G 

664 

Coal 

1075 

665 

R.  W.  Goon  No  1 

Coal 

Mandell  O.  & G 

985L 

666 

N.  M.  Talbott 

Coal 

Mandell  0.  & G 

1000B 

667 

Coal 

Thos.  Gartlan 

1025B 

668 

Dir.k  Smith  No  1 

Coal 

Mandell  O.  & G 

950B 

669 

R.  F Revrmldc  Nn  9 

Clark 

Reserve  

1150B 

670 

Hattie  Porter  No  1 

Clark 

Peerless  

1050B 

671 

Clark 

Reserve  

990B 

672 

Clark 

Reserve  

1145B 

673 

Nathan  Goff  Nn  ( \ 

Clark 

Nathan  Goff 

990B 

674 

Wm  AsVipraft  "NTn  1 

Clark 

Phila  

955B 

675 

» * 111*  dll  1\U.  1 •••«»•  t • • • 

Monticello  Brick  Co.  No.  1 

Clark 

Fuel  City 

960L 

676 

John  Cost  No  1 

Clark/ 

Graselli  

1030B 

677 

Frank  TiOnp"  "Mn  1 

Clark 

Hope  . . .* 

678 

i l dll  xv  JUUllg  iM  U.  JL • *•••• 

W f-r  Kpcitpr  IMo  1 

Clark 

Graselli  

995B 

679 

vv  • vJ.  IlCoLul  1NU.  1 

Fair  Ground  Imp.  Co.  No.  1... 

Clark 

Fair1  Ground 

975B 

680 

Aneeline  Ash  No  1 

Clark 

Clarksburg  

960B 

681 

X3--Ll  v^ll  11  21oil  

flpn  P npRom' n o*  "\T 1 

Clark 

Geo.  Corpening 

1075B 

682 

vJCU.  X Li,  V^UI  jJtJillJLlg  1M).  _1_ , 

Morgan  R T ,nrl p*o  l\Jn  9 

Simpson 

South  Penn 

683 

lviUi  feall  XV.  LiUUgt!  1NU.  , 

Morp'ari  R XTn  1 

Simpson 

South  Penn 

990L 

684 

iriui  gall  XV.  XjUUgc  U.  1 ••••••  . 

John  Nnyum  No  1 

Simpson 

Hope  

1110B 

685 

O villi  i.Aj  Ll-Zi  Villi  li  U • X........... 

J.  R.  Stout  No.  1 

Simpson 

Bridgeport  

1160B 

686 

J*esse  H Willis  No  1 

Simpson 

Clarksburg  Co 

1050B 

687 

Miss  C.  N Johnson  No  1 

Simpson 

Bridgeport  

688 

Jess©  H Willis  No  3 

Simpson 

Bridgeport  

988L 

689 

Bridgeport  Saw.  & P.  M.  No.  1 

Simpson 

Bridgeport  

970B 

690 

J B Sandusky  core  test 

Simpson. ...... 

Payne  & Brady 

975B 

691 

W Frank  Stout  No  1 

Simpson 

Hope  

1160B 

692 

J.  M Carr  No.  1 

Simpson 

Clarksburg  Co 

1055B 

693 

Benedum  Heirs  No  1 

Simpson 

Reserve  

(1040B) 

694 

Jas.  Smith  No.  1 

Simpson 

South  Penn 

1010L 

695 

Hampton  Lang  No  1 

Simpson 

Hope  

696 

Strother  Stout  No.  1 

Simpson 

Hope  

990B 

697 

Chas.  J.  Rov  No  1 

Simpson 

Hope  

1010B 

698 

L.  L.  Long  No.  1 

Simpson 

South  Penn 

1020B 

698A 

! J.  G.  Bender  No.  1 

Simpson 

Tri-State  

1030B 

699 

| Geo.  Lancaster  No.  1 

Simpson 

Hope  

1365B 

700 

j Beech  Heirs  No.  1 

Grant 

Hope  

1010B 

701 

1 Claude  Davisson  No.  1 

Grant. . 

Weston  G.  Co 

996L 

702 

| Lucius  Davis  No.  1 

Gra  n t. 

Mt.  Clare  Gas 

1100B 

703 

Isaac  Watson  No.  1 

Grant 

1155B 

704 

1 Levi  Paugh  No.  1352 

Grant 

, Hope  

1176L 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


423 


Harrison  County. — Continued. 


PITTSBURGH  COAL 


Depth 

(top) 


0 

251 


Elevation 

(top) 

A.  T 


1130 

1154 


Thickness 


42 


BIG  INJUN  SAND 


Depth 

(top) 


1419 

1670 


1665  100 

1310  | 100 


Thickness 


111 

105 


1360  240 


1460 

1480 


1435 


|!  1240 
I 1260 


110 

105 


GORDON  SAND 


Depth 

(top) 


2378 

2002 


Thickness 


47 

18 


105 


150 

60 


||  1350  | 110 


1447  | 78 


1420  | 105 


1470 
1340 
1270 
1385 
1285 
1285 
1187 
ff  1280 


100 

65 

130 

120 


2115  | 45 

2130  | 35 


2120 


1943 

2022 


1980 


25 


15 

20 


Total 

Depth 


PRODUCING  SAND 


Uap 


2427 

2655 


2455 

2265 


25 


2180  ! 12 


2065  | 25 

1975  | 15 


2087 


90 

113 

70 


1323  ! 


| 1371  | 54 

| 1247  I 63 
| 1365  j 105 


| 1462  | 96 


I 1410  I 95 


8 ! 

•••I 


2034 

2460 

2523 

2517 


2502 


2229 

2242 


2325 


2506 


2389 


2471 
2520 
2540 
2475 
2242 
2310 
| 2222 
j 2222 


1895  15 


1792 

2525 

4028 

3371 


4th  and  5th 

B.  I.,  50-ft.  30-ft.  & 4th.. 


Gordon 
5th  ... 


B.  I.  and  50-ft. 


6th  

6th  

5th  

B.  I.,  Gord.  & 6th. 


B.  I 

Gord.  and 


5th, 


B.  I.  Gnz.  and  5th 


50-ft. 


B.  I 

Maxton  

Salt,  50-ft.  & 6th. 
6th  


B.  I.  and  30-ft. 
B.  I 


Dry  Hole. 


2400 


2315 


5th 


5th 


657 

658 

659 

660 
661 
662 

663 
663A 

664 

665 

666 

667 

668 

669 

670 

671 

672 

673 

674 

675 

676 

677 

678 

679 

680 
681 
682 

683 

684 

685 

686 

687 

688 

689 

690 

691 

692 

693 

694 

695 
| 696: 

| 697 
| 69S 

| 698A 

699 

700 
I 701 
' 702 

703 

704 


424 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Summarized  Record  of  Wells  in 


Map 

No 

NAME  OF  WELL 

Location— 

District 

OWNER 

Elevation 
A.  T. 

705 

Seven  Day  Baptist  No.  1 

Grant 

Lost  Creek 

1070L 

1020B 

1055B 

1290B 

1145B 

1095B 

1125B 

1170B 

1092L 

1222L 

1550B 

1180B 

1080B 

1145B 

1155B 

1185B 

1330B 

1160B 

1015B 

1245 

1033L 

706 

Seven  Day  Baptist  No.  1 

Grant 

Penna.  O.  & G 

707 

Chas.  Post  No.  1 

Grant 

Hope  . . . 

708 

Ed  Conley  No.  1 

Grant 

Hope  

708 A 

C S.  Gribble  No.  1 

Grant 

Lost  Creek 

709 

Levi  Davis  No.  1 

Grant 

Hope  

710 

Adam  Cookman  No.  1 

Grant 

Hope  

711 

I.  C.  Bishop  No.  1 

Grant. 

Hope 

712 

L.  D.  Blake  No.  1 

Grant 

Hope 

713 

Lloyd  Stout  No.  1 

Grant 

Hope  . 

714 

Burgett  Swisher  No.  1 

Grant 

Hope  .... 

715 

Goff  McWhorter  No.  1 

Grant 

Raven  Carbon 

716 

John  H.  Hardway  No.  1 

Grant 

Graselli  . 

717 

Reason  Davisson  (120A)  No.  1. 
J.  N.  Rector  No.  1 

Grant 

Hope  

717A 

Grant 

Tri-State  

718 

W.  G.  Kennedy  No.  1 

Grant 

Tri-State 

718A 

S.  J.  Davisson  No.  1 

Grant 

Tri-State 

719 

I.  M.  Swisher  No.  1 

Grant. 

Tri-State 

720 

Porter  Maxwell  No.  1982 

Grant 

Phila.  . 

721 

Porter  Maxwell  No.  2039 

Grant 

Phila  

722 

Enoch  Gaston  No.  1 

Grant 

Southern  

723 

.T.  F.  Freeman  No.  1 

Grant 

Hope  

1255B 

1335B 

1390B 

724 

Wm  H.  Horner  No.  1 

Grant 

Hope  

725 

726 

727 

728 

729 

730 

W H McWhorter  No  3 

Grant 

Raven  Carbon 

S Orlando  Davis  No  1 

Grant. 

Hope  

1080B 

Bart  Jackson  No  1 

Grant 

Hope  

1090B 

Marv  T Burnside  Nn  1 

Grant 

Wheeling  

1025B 

W B Reed  No  1 

Grant 

Reserve  

1145B 

A A Smith  No  1 

Grant. 

South  Penn 

1010B 

731 

H.  Burnside  & Smith  No.  1... 
Mary  Price  No.  1 

Grant 

South  Penn 

732 

Grant 

Vesper  Gas 

1130L 

732A 

Bassell  Heirs  No  1 

Grant 

Tri-State 

732B 

Bassell  Heirs  No.  2. 

Grant 

Tri-State 

732C| 

732DI 

L.  B.  Davisson  No.  1 

Grant 

Tri-State 

L.  M.  Bassell  No.  3 

Grant 

Tri-State 

733 

Frank  White  No  1 

Elk 

Hope  

1090B 

734 

735 

H Booth  (Carr)  No  1 

Elk 

1010L 

Robt.  Fox  et  al.  No.  1 

Elk 

Hope  | 

736 

Arthur  Conley  No  1 

Elk 

Hope  | 

1155L 

737 

A.  H.  Davisson  No.  1 

Elk 

Tri-State  1 

1 01  5B 

738 

739 

740 

E.  W.  Post  No.  1 ! 

L Nathan  Lewis  No  1 j 

Elk 

Elk 

Guffey  & Gailey | (1060) 

Smith  Penn  9 1 1080R 

I.  S.  Reger  No.  1 

(Upshur  Co.) . . 

Hope  1 

1080B 

741 

Foster  No.  1 

(Upshur  Co.) . . 

I 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


425 


Harrison  County.  — Continued. 


PITTSBURGH  COAL 

BIG  INJUN  SAND 

GORDON  SAND  I 

Total 

Depth 

PRODUCING  SAND 

Map 

No. 

Depth 

(top) 

Elevation 

(top  Thickness 

A.T.  1 

Depth 

(top) 

i 

Thickness 

Depth 

(top) 

Thickness 

1260 

140 

1933 

17 

2193 

B 1.,  Gnz.  and  5th 

705 

i 

1206 

118  1 

I 1928 

11 

2110 

Berea  and  5th 

706 



707 







708 

1250 



115  1 

| 1915 

5 1 

2157 

On 7.  4th  and  5th 

708A 

| 

709 

i 1250 

100 



| 



1545 

Gnz 

710 

: 

711 

| 1285 

145 

j 1985 

23 

2363 

712 



j 

713 

714 



715 



| 1300 

100 

i 

1640 

Berea 

716 

| 

717 

! 1385 

122 

| 

1730 

Berea 

717A 

1422 

103 

| 2173  J 

13 

2325 

5th  

718 

26  j 

1 1305  \ 

1595  | 

80 

| 2310 

14 

2494 

Berea  and  5th  . 

718A 

! 

1370 

| 120 

| 2070 

40 

2342 

5th  

719 





1405  1 

1 205 

1 2040 

55 

2452 

4th  and  5th .... 

720 

1 

1 

1560 

| 120 

2275 

32 

2495 

5th  

721 

1 | 

1340  ! 

| 70 

2015 

15 

2225 

5th  

722 

| 

1 

723 

724 

50  | 

1340  | 4.5 



1615  j 



145 

| 2352 

2362 

Berea  and  Gordon . 

725 

i 

726 

! 







727 

1220  1 



170 

1927 

35 

2080 

Max.,  50-ft.,  Gord.  & 5th. 

728 

j I 

1 

729 



730 

f 

1280  | 

120 

30-ft 

731 

[ | 

1440 

1 115 

2167 

30 

2347 

B.  I.,  Berea  and  5th. . . . 

732 

' 

1285  1 

1 

100 

1587 

Berea  

732A 

| 

1275 

[ 115 

1970 

25 

2215 

Berea 

732B 

1 

1395 

i 

1 142 

j 2100 

15 

3183 

5th  

732C 



i 

1300 

1 

1 121 

| 

2203J 

B.  I.,  Berea  and  5th 

732D 

1 

1 

1400 

i 

! 100 



2335 

30-ft  and  5th 

733 

I 

1275  ! 

| 

1 1995  1 

20 

2257 

B.  I.,  Stray,  5th  and  6th. 


734 

! 

1 

1 

735 



1225 



j 90 

1 

1 

2358 

5th  

736 

1225 

j 95 

1 1937  1 

27 

3290 

B.  I 

737 

1475 

1 85 

i u \ 

2481 

| * 

738 

! 1 

1 739 

1 

1554 



143  1 



( 2220  j 



25 

26124 

Squaw 

1 740 



! ! 

| 

| | 

741 

426 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Under  the  column  headed  “Producing  Sand/’  the  follow- 
ing abbreviations  are  used : 


I C.  R First  Cow  Run. 

B.  Dunk Big  Dunkard. 

II  C.  R Second  Cow  Run. 

Max Maxton. 

B.  Lm Big  Lime. 

Knr  Keener. 

Big  I. Big  Injun. 

Berea  Berea  Grit. 

Gnz  Gantz. 

50-ft  Fifty-foot. 

30-ft  Thirty-foot. 

Stray  Gordon  Stray. 

Gord  Gordon. 

4th  Fourth. 

5th  Fifth,  or  McDonald. 

6th  Sixth,  or  Bayard. 


As  with  Doddridge  county,  this  table  of  wells  is  very 
convenient  for  ready  reference  for  information  as  to  the  depth 
and  thickness  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal,  the  Big  Injun  and  Gor- 
don sands,  and  the  total  depth  of  the  well ; but  it  is  very  im- 
portant that  the  complete  record  of  a number  of  these  wells 
be  published  for  the  same  reasons  as  given  in  the  explana- 
tions accompanying  the  table  of  wells  for  Doddridge  county, 
page  290.  The  serial  number  of  the  well  is  published  not 
only  in  the  table,  but  along  with  the  heading  when  the  com- 
plete record  is  given,  and  also  on  the  economic  geology  map 
referred  to  above. 

SARDIS  DISTRICT. 

Sardis  District  occupies  the  northwest  corner  of  Harrison 
county,  and  its  area  is  traversed  in  a northeast-southwest  di- 
rection by  the  Robinson  syncline  and  the  Wolf  Summit  anti- 
cline, but  by  far  the  greater  portion  lies  in  the  former  basin. 
A glance  at  the  structure  map  accompanying  this  report  will 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


427 


show  that  the  strata  therein  are  much  warped  and  disturbed, 
the  elevation  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  varying  from  100'  A.  T. 
in  the  northwest  corner  of  the  district  to  1200'  A.  T.,  0.8  mile 
southeast  of  Katys  Lick.  Hence,  conditions  are  ideal  from  a 
structural  standpoint  for  the  accumulation  of  oil  and  gas  into 
pools  of  commercial  value.  The  Gordon  Stray,  Gordon,  and 
Fifth  sands  are  the  main  producing  horizons,  while  the 
Moundsville,  Big  Dunkard,  Big  Injun,  Fifty-foot  and  Fourth 
have  produced  to  some  extent. 

Along  the  western  border  of  the  district,  there  occur  275 
to  300  Gordon  sand  oil  wells  along  the  Robinson  Basin  and  a 
short  distance  up  the  southeast  slope  of  the  latter  fold.  As  in 
the  eastern  portions  of  McClellan,  Grant,  and  Greenbrier  dis- 
tricts, Doddridge  county,  the  location  of  this  Gordon  sand  oil 
pool  is  in  entire  harmony  with  the  “anticlinal  theory”  of 
White  et  al.,  as  the  Gordon  contains  no  water  in  this  region. 

The  three  following  records  from  the  head  of  Elk  creek 
contain  data  of  interest : 


Geo.  F.  Wyvel  No.  1 Well  Record  (318). 


Located  in  Marion  county,  % mile  northeast  of  Marion-Harrison- 
Wetzel  corner. 

Thickness  Total. 


(Elevation,  1460'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1348  1348 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 6 1354 

Unrecorded  1256  2610 

Big  Injun  sand 90  2700 

Unrecorded  670  3370 

Sand,  Stray  (Gordon  Stray) 61  3431 

Unrecorded  2 3433 


Gordon  sand  (pay,  3415'),  and  unrecorded  to  bottom...  29  3462 


Mary  Hall  No.  2 Well  Record  (319). 


Located  in  Sardis  District,  0.9  mile  northwest  of  Alliance.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness  Total. 


(Elevation,  1360'  B-A.  T.)  Feet  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1245  1245 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 6 1251 

Unrecorded  . 1099  2350 

Big  Lime 60  2410 

Big  Injun  sand 98  2508 


428 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 


Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  733  3241 

Stray  sand...... 59  3300 

Unrecorded  18  3318 

Gordon  sand  (oil  pay,  3289'  and  3331') 15  3333 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 26  3359 


O.  E.  Heldreth  No.  2 Well  Record  (320). 

Located  in  Sardis  District,  y2  mile  northwest  of  Alliance.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Unrecorded  1060  1060 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 5 1065 

Unrecorded  1221  2286 

Big  Lime 54  2340 

Big  Injun  sand 90  2430 

Unrecorded  o26  3056 

Stray  sand 65  3121 

Unrecorded  15  ' 3136 

Gordon  sand  (pay,  3153') 29  3165 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 1 3166 


The  following  is  the  record  of  a well  located  0.3  mile 
southwest  of  Heldreth  No.  2 well  (320),  that  probably  starts 
at  the  highest  elevation  of  any  in  the  county: 


E.  L.  Piggott  No.  1 well  Record  (321). 


Located  in  Sardis  District,  % mile  northwest  of  Alliance.  Au- 
thority, Southern  Oil  Company. 

Thickness  Total. 


(Elevation,  1590'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1498  1498 

Coal,  Pittsburgh,  and  unrecorded 2019  3517 

Stray  sand  (oil,  3525' — 3533')  and  unrecorded 37  3554 

Gordon  sand  (no  oil) 10  3564 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 23'  3587 


10"  casing,  300';  S1/^"  casing,  1913';  6%"  casing,  2720';  5&"  cas- 
ing, 2940'. 

“Shot  in  Stray  sand,  3520'.” 


The  above  well  is  the  deepest  to  the  Pittsburgh  coal  of 
any  other  ever  reported  to  the  Survey  in  the  State,  and  a por- 
tion of  its  record  is  used  in  connection  with  the  Alliance  sec- 
tion, page  141.  The  oil  horizon  is  in  the  Gordon  Stray  and 
not  the  Gordon. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


429 


The  records  of  the  two  following  wells  are  given  in  brief 
in  the  table  of  wells  for  Harrison  county,  and  their  complete 
logs  are  published  on  the  pages  indicated  of  Vol.  1(A)  of 
the  State  Survey  reports : 


Map)  I | Page  of 

No.  j Name  of  Well.  | Location  |Vol.  1(A) 

322  ! E.  T.  Bennett  No.  1 |0.1  mile  S.  W.  of  Alliance.. | 306 

323  | Mary  E.  Heldreth  No.  1..J0.2  mile  S.  of  Alliance | 306 


Both  report  the  oil  pay  in  the  Gordon  sand,  and  the  lat- 
ter had  an  initial  production  of  50  barrels  daily. 

The  following  is  the  record  of  a well  that  has  penetrated 
the  Fifth  sand,  the  latter  being  only  5 feef  thick,  275  feet 
below  the  Gordon  sand : 


Alva  Robinson  No.  1 Well  Record  (326). 


Located  in  Sardis  District,  1 mile  south  of  Alliance.  Authority, 
South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Unrecorded  830  830 

Coal,  Pittsburgh,  and  unrecorded 1230  2030 

Big  Lime 80  2110 

Big  Injun  sand 90  2200 

Unrecorded  703  2903 

Gordon  sand  (oil) 27  2930 

Unrecorded  15  2945 

Fourth  sand  and  unrecorded 260  3205 

Fifth  sand 5 3210 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 22  3232 


The  following  is  the  record  of  a shallow  sand  well : 


(Thos.  J.)  Malissa  Kelley  No.  1 Well  Record  (328). 


Located  in  Sardis  District,  1.4  miles  southeast  of  Alliance.  Au- 


thority,  South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness 

Total. 

(Elevation,  1275'  B-A.  T.) 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Unrecorded  

930 

Coal,  Pittsburgh,  and  unrecorded..., 

352 

1282 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (Moundsville) 

(oil  pay,  1287') . . 38 

1320 

Unrecorded  to  Big  Dunkard  sand... 

95 

1415 

(Bottom  of  hole.) 

Conductor,  16';  10"  casing,  196';  814"  casing,  1286'. 


430 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


The  well  had  an  initial  production  from  a sand  that 
correlates  with  Moundsville  (Saltsburg)  and  not  the  Little 
Dunkard  as  given  by  the  driller. 

The  following  is  the  record  of  a well  located  near  the 
northwest  edge  of  the  Gordon  sand  oil  pool  on  a west  branch 
of  Elk  creek.  Although  a showing  of  gas  is  reported  in  the 
Stray,  and  of  oil  in  the  Gordon,  yet  the  well  was  abandoned 
as  a dry  hole : 


Jesse  Talkington  No.  1 Well  Record  (332). 


Located  in  Sardis  District,  1.1  miles  S.  W.  of  Alliance.  Authority, 
South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness  Total. 


(Elevation,  1075'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1172  1172 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 5 1177 

Unrecorded  .. 487  1664 

Sand,  Dunkard  (Little  Dunkard) 20  1684 

Unrecorded  216  1900 

Sand,  Salt?  (“Gas”) 65  1965 

Unrecorded  405  2370 

Big  Lime 60  2430 

Big  Injun  sand 130  2560 

Unrecorded  455  3015 

Fifty-foot  sand 35  3050 

Unrecorded  70  3120 

Thirty-foot  sand 20  3140 

Unrecorded  44  3184 

Stray  (gas,  3229') 61  3245 

Unrecorded  15  3260 

Gordon  sand  (oil,  3268'  and  3288') 30  3290 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 18  3308 


Conductor,  14';  10"  casing,  392';  S1/^"  casing,  1780';  6%"  casing, 
2570'. 

The  seven  following  records  are  from  wells  located  near 
the  axis  of  the  Robinson  Basin,  on  the  head  of  Middle  run ; 


Acena  Talkington  No.  2 Well  Record  (333). 


Located  in  Sardis  District,  1.4  miles  N.  80°  W.  of  Alliance.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  Nov.  2,  1902. 

Thickness  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Unrecorded  1155  1155 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 3 1158 

Unrecorded  1267  2425 

Big  Injun  sand 120  2545 

Unrecorded  {.. 555  3100 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


431 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Thirty-foot  sand  (gas,  3110') 25  3125 

Unrecorded  35  3160 

Stray  sand  (oil,  3185'  and  3205') 60  3220 

Unrecorded  > 20  3240 

Gordon  sand 16  3256 


In  the  above  well  the  Gordon  sand  is  apparently  dry,  bm 
oil  was  encountered  in  the  Stray  and  gas  in  the  Thirty-foot. 
This  well  had  the  largest  initial  oil  production — 2400  barrels 
daily — of  any  other  well  in  the  field,  and  was  still  making 
in  August,  1910,  7 barrels  daily,  although  7 years  old. 


W.  R.  G.  Hall  No.  5 Well  Record  (334). 

Located  in  Sardis  District,  1.5  miles  S.  80°  W.  of  Alliance.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  Feb.  29,  1904. 

Thickness  Total. 


(Elevation,  1220'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1085  1085 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 3 1088 

Unrecorded  1187  2275 

Big  Injun  sand  (water,  2380') 170  2445 

Unrecorded  705  3150 


Gordon  sand  (oil,  3153' — 3168'  and  unrecorded  to  bottom  90  3240 

John  Stout  No.  2 Well  Record  (335). 

Located  in  Sardis  District,  1.6  miles  N.  20°  E.  of  Rinehart.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness  Total. 


(Elevation,  1115'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  675  675 

Sand,  Bluff?  (Carroll) 15  690 

Unrecorded  290  980 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 5 985 

Unrecorded  1255  2240 

Big  Injun  sand 110  2350 

Unrecorded  - 630  2980 

Stray  sand  (gas,  3010') 60  3040 

Unrecorded  7 3047 

Gordon  sand  (oil,  3053') 19  3066 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 4 3070 


O.  E.  Hall  No.  1 Well  Record  (336). 

Located  in  Sardis  District,  1.5  miles  N.  15°  E.  of  Rinehart.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  Sept.  4,  1901. 

Thickness  Total. 


(Elevation,  1125'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  975  975 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 5 980 


432 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet 


Unrecorded  510  1490’ 

Big  Dunkard  sand 30  1520 

Unrecorded  370  1890 

Sand,  salt 18  1908 

Unrecorded  67  1975 

Sand,  Maxton?  (Salt) 25  2000 

Unrecorded  160  2160 

Pencil  cave 5 2165 

Big  Lime ' 50  2215 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas  and  water,  2240') 110  2325 

Unrecorded  480  2805 

Fifty-foot  sand 20  2825 

Unrecorded  73  2898 

Sand,  Boulder  (30-ft.) 25  2923 

Unrecorded  27  2950 

Stray  sand  (gas,  2993') 79  3029 

Unrecorded  17  3046 

Gordon  sand  (oil,  3050') ’. 20  3066 

Slate  to  bottom 114  3180 


The  name  “Boulder”  is  frequently  applied  by  the  drillers 
to  the  Thirty-foot  sand. 


S.  A.  Cavalier  No.  4 Well  Record  (337). 


Located  in  Sardis  District,  1%  miles  N.  25°  E.  of  Rinehart.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  Dec.  23,  1905. 

Thickness  Total. 


(Elevation,  1150'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1010  1010 

Coal,  Pittsburgh,  (steel  line) 3 1013’ 

Unrecorded  372  1385 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (Moundsville) 15  1400 

Unrecorded  80  1480 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard 20  1500 

Unrecorded  180  1680 

Gas  sand 40  1720 

Unrecorded  460  2180 

Little  lime 25  2205 

Pencil  cave 5 2210 

Big  Lime 55  2265 

Big  Injun  sand 120  2385 

Unrecorded  455  2840 

Fifty-foot  sand 30  2870 

Unrecorded  120  2990 

Stray  sand 64  3054 

Unrecorded  11  3065 


Gordon  sand  (oil,  3070')  and  unrecorded  to  bottom....  26  3091 

Conductor,  16';  10"  casing,  220';  8*4"  casing,  1494';  6%"  casing,. 
2418'. 


PLATE  XII.-  View  of  the  Shinnston  Oil  Field  on  a branch  of  Mudlick  run,  and  the  Topography  of  the 

Monongahela  series. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


433 


This  well  had  an  initial  oil  production  of  200  barrels  dailv 
from  the  Gordon  sand,  and  in  August,  1910,  still  was  making 
2y2  barrels  daily. 

O.  E.  Hall  No.  3 Well  Record  (338). 

Located  in  Sardis  District,  1.1  miles  north  of  Rinehart.  Authority, 
South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  Nov.  25,  1903. 

Thickness  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1280  1280 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 7 1287 

Unrecorded  ' 1191  2478 

Big  Injun  sand 42  2520 

Unrecorded  800  3320 

Stray  sand,  (gas,  3325') 22  3342 

Unrecorded  16  3358 

Gordon  sand  (oil,  3367') 19  3377 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 1 3378 

“15  barrels  daily  from  Gordon  sand.” 

G.  W.  Talkington  No.  11  Well  Record  (339). 

Located  in  Sardis  District,  1 mile  N.  E.  of  Rinehart.  Authority, 
South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  Sept,  2,  1904. 

Thickness  Total. 

(Elevation,  1125'  B-A.  T.  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  950  950 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 5 955 

Unrecorded  345  1340 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (Moundsville) 30  1370 

Unrecorded  70  1440 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (I  Cow  Run) 10  1450 

Unrecorded  455  1905 

Salt  sand 95  2000 

Unrecorded  40  2040 

Little  lime 145  2185 

Pencil  cave 5 2190 

Big  Lime 50  2240 

Big  Injun  sand 150  2390 

Unrecorded  410  2800 

Fifty-foot  sand 30  2830 

Unrecorded  60  2890 

Thirty-foot  sand 35  2925 

Unrecorded  35  2960 

Stray  sand 30  2990 

Unrecorded  15  3005 

Gordon  sand  (oil  pay,  3019') 29  3034 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 57  3091 

Conductor,  16';  10"  casing,  406';  8^"  casing,  1580';  6%"  casing, 
2185';  5&"  casing,  2438'. 


434 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


The  records  of  the  four  following  wells  are  given  not  only 
in  brief  in  the  table  of.  well  records  for  Harrison  county,  page 
408,  but  in  detail  on  the  pages  indicated  below  of  Vol.  1(A) 
of  the  State  Survey  reports : 


Map] 

No.  | Name  of  Well. 
342  | L.  E.  Bennett  No,  1. 
353  | Felix  Coffman  No.  1. 
355  j T.  C.  Bennett  No.  3. 
357  | T.  C.  Bennett  No  1. 


Location 


Page  of 
Vol.  1(A) 


1 mile  N.  of  Wallace 

2 miles  S.  W.  of  Rinehart. . 
2 miles  S.  W.  of  Wallace. . 
2.3  miles  S.  W.  of  Wallace. 


307 

311 
313 

312 


Bartlett  No.  1 (342)  had  a gas  and  oil  show  in  the  top  of 
the  Big  Injun  in  addition  to  its  Gordon  sand  oil  production. 
It  also  had  an  oil  showing  at  2510  feet  in  the  Berea  sand,  and 
not  the  Gantz  as  given  in  the  record. 

Coffman  No.  1 (353)  was  a fine  gasser  in  the  Stray,  since 
it  is  located  some  distance  west  of  the  axis  of  the  Robinson 
Basin  on  the  east  slope  of  the  Arches  Fork  anticline.  It  is  also 
an  oil  producer  in  the  Gordon  sand. 

B nnett  No.  3 (355)  is  a gasser  in  the  Fifty-foot  and  an 
oil  producer  in  the  Gordon ; and  No.  1 (357)  is  a Gordon  oil 
well. 

The  five  following  records  are  from  wells  in  the  vicinity 
of  Wallace  and  Rinehart  northwestward  across  the  Robinson 
Basin : 

Wesley  Robinson  No.  5 Well  Record  (343). 


Located  in  Sardis  District,  0.6  mile  north  of  Wallace.  Authority, 
South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Well  completed  June  9,  1904. 

Thickness  Total. 

(Elevation,  1080'  B-A.  T.  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  790  790 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 5 795 

Unrecorded  480  1275 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard.. 50  1325 

Unrecorded  385  1710 

Salt  sand  (water,  1770'). 70  1780 

Unrecorded  195  1975 

Little  lime 80  2055 

Pencil  cave 10'  2065 

Big  Lime 40  2105 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  2106') 105  2210 

Unrecorded  438  2648 

Fifty-foot  sand 40  2688 

Unrecorded  ' 57  2745 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


435 


Thickness.  Total. 


Feeti  Feet. 

Sand,  Boulder  (Thirty-foot) 40  2785 

Unrecorded  15  2800 

Stray  sand 60  2860 

Unrecorded  15  2875 

Gordon  sand  (oil,  2891'  and  2906') 45  2920 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 5 2925 


Conductor,  16';  10"  casing,  224';  8%"  casing,  1659';  6%"  casing, 
1966';  5TV'  casing,  2440'. 


S.  N.  Parrish  No.  2 Well  Record  (344). 


Located  in  Sardis  District,  y3  mile  north  of  Wallace.  Authority, 
South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  May  25,  1904. 

Thickness  Total. 

(Elevation,  1040'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  753  753 

Coai,  Pittsburgh  (steel  line) 7 760 

Unrecorded  340  1100 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (Moundsville  and  I Cow  Run)..  168  1268 

Unrecorded  422  1690 

Salt  sand 20  1710 

Unrecorded  158  1868 

Maxton  sand 70  1938 

Unrecorded  10  1948 

Pencil  cave 8 1956 

Big  Lime 55  2011 

Big  Injun  sand 131  2142 

Unrecorded  438  2580 

Fifty-foot  sand... 60  2640 

Unrecorded  92  2732 

Sand,  Boulder  (Thirty-foot) 20  2752 

Unrecorded  14  2766 

Stray  sand 37  2803 

Unrecorded  12  2815 

Gordon  sand  (oil  pay,  2830') 42  2857 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 45  2902 

Conductor,  16';  10"  casing.  224';  8%"  casing,  1320';  6%"  casing, 
2163'. 

Woodfield-Sprout  No.  1 Well  Record  (347). 


Located  in  Sardis  District,  y3  mile  southeast  of  Rinehart.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness  Total. 


(Elevation,  1100'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  900  900 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 4 904 

Unrecorded  1236  2140 

Big  Lime 40  2180 

Unrecorded  735  2915 

Stray  sand  (gas,  2941')  and  unrecorded 50  2965 

Gordon  sand  (oil,  2972'  and  2977') 23  2988 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 40  3028 


436 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


O.  S.  Ritter  No.  1 Well  Record  (348). 


Located  in  Sardis  District,  % mile  east  of  Rinehart.  Authority, 
South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Unrecorded  310  310 

Coal,  Washington,  and  unrecorded 525  835 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 10  845 

Unrecorded  1264  2109 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  2109') 86  2195 

Unrecorded  696  2891 

Stray  sand  and  unrecorded 41  2932 

Gordon  sand  (oil) 30  2962 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 13  2975 


This  well  gives  the  Washington-Pittsburgh  coal  interval 
as  525  feet. 


Bates-Harbert  No.  1 Well  Record  (349). 


Located  in  Sardis  District,  at  Rinehart. 
Oil  Company. 

(Elevation,  1041'  L-A.  T.) 

Unrecorded  

Coal,  Pittsburgh 

Unrecorded  - 

Big  Lime 

Big  Injun  sand 

Unrecorded  

Stray  sand 

Unrecorded  

Gordon  sand 

Unrecorded  

Fourth  sand 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 


i 

Authority,  South  Penn 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 

850  850 

5 855 

1200  2055 

55  2110 

100  2210 

525  2835 

72  2907 

18  2925 

21  2946 

.15  2961 

6 2967 

10  2977 


The  two  following  records  are  of  wells  located  on  the 
east  slope  of  the  Arches  Fork  anticline  on  Mudlick  run  : 


John  Hearld  No.  1 Well  Record  (351). 

. i 

Located  in  Sardis  District,  % mile  west  of  Rinehart.  Authority, 
Wheeling  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1110'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  860  860 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 8 868 

Unrecorded  482  1350 

Dunkard  sand  (Big  Dunkard) 30  1380 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


437 


Thickness. 

Feet. 


Unrecorded  130 

Sand,  “Gas”,  (“Gas”  and  I!  Cow  Run)  (water  at  1618')..  180 

Unrecorded  60 

Salt  sand 110 

Unrecorded  60 

Sand,  Maxton?  (Salt) 5 

Unrecorded  149 

Little  lime 15 

Unrecorded  5 

Big  Lime 56 

Big  Injun  sand  (small  gas  flow,  2180') 83 

Unrecorded  507 

Fifty-foot  sand 20 

Unrecorded  60 

Thirty-foot  sand 40 

Unrecorded  10 

Sand,  Boulder(?)  ...34'] 

Unrecorded  2 t (Gordon  Stray) 65 

Sand,  Stray 29  ) 

Gordon  sand  to  bottom 20 


In  this  region  the  Gordon  Stray  ranges  from  50  to 
thick,  but  in  this  well  it  appears  to  be  split  by  2 feet 
recorded  interval,  probably  slate. 


B.  L.  Rogers  No.  2 Well  Record  (352). 


Located  in  Sardis  District,  1 % miles  west  of  Rinehart, 
ity,  Wheeling  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Thickness. 

Feet. 

Unrecorded  920 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 6 

Unrecorded  374 

Little  Dunkard  sand 55 

Unrecorded  10 

Big  Dunkard  sand,  soft  and  white  (oil  show,  1375') 70 

Unrecorded  185 

Gas  sand 25 

Unrecorded  55 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run) 30 

Unrecorded  218 

Second  Salt  sand 60 

Unrecorded  92 

Little  lime 10 

Pencil  cave 5 

Big  Lime,  (Big  Injun  sand,  103'  thick;  gas,  2230';  light 

show  of  oil,  2240')  and  unrecorded 340 

Sand,  Thirty-foot?  (Squaw),  hard  and  white 30 

Unrecorded  (first  gas,  2776') 294 

Fifty-foot  sand,  hard  and  white 40 

Unrecorded  ? . . 66 


Total. 

Feet. 

1510 

1690 

1750 

1860 

1920 

1925 

2074 

2089 

2094 

2150 

2233 

2740 

2760 

2820 

2860 

2870 

2935 

2955 


75  feet 
of  nn- 


Author- 

Total. 

Feet. 

920 

926 

1300 

1355 

1365 

1435 

1620 

1645 

1700 

1730 

1948 

2008 

2100 

2110 

2115 

2455 

2485 

2779 

2819 

2885 


438 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Sand,  Boulder  (Thirty-foot) 30  2915 

Unrecorded  20  293$ 

Stray  sand  (break,  2965';  gas,  2976') 62  2997 

Unrecorded  10  3007 

Gordon  sand  (gas,  3011',  3023') 22  3029 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 5 3034 


The  first  oil  well  in  the  Wallace  field  is  said  to  be  the 
E.  D.  Orr  No.  1 well  (354),  located  on  Barnes  run,  J4  mile 
southwest  of  Wallace. 

Southwestward  along  the  axis  of  the  Robinson  Basin  to 
the  Harrison-Doddridge  county  line  and  eastward  down  Rock- 
camp  run,  there  occur  several  Gordon  sand  oil  wells.  The 
six  following  records  are  from  wells  in  this  region : 


Z L,  McIntyre  No.  1 Well  Record  (356). 

Located  in  Sardis  District,  2 miles  southwest  of  Wallace.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1150'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  930  930 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 9 939 

Unrecorded  1193  2132 

Big  Lime 52  2180 

Big  Injun  sand 120  2300 

Unrecorded  698  2998 

Stray  sand  (pay,  3002') 18  3016 

Unrecorded  10  3026 

Gordon  sand  (pay,  3052') (34)  3060 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 6 306$ 


G.  W.  Talkington  No.  1 Well  Record  (359). 

Located  in  Sardis  District,  % mile  S.  80°  W.  of  Fonda.  Author- 
ity, South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1165'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1440  1440 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 25  1465 

Unrecorded  60  1525 

Big  Dunkard  sand 75  1600 

Unrecorded  179  1779 

Gas  sand 60  1839 

Unrecorded  136  1975 

Salt  sand 50  2025 

Unrecorded  261  2286 

Big  Lime 48  2334 

Big  Injun  sand 40  2474 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


439 


Thickness.  Total. 


Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  354  2790 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea) 30  2820 

Unrecorded  94  2914 

Fifty-foot  sand 40  2954 

Unrecorded  66  3020 

Sand,  Boulder  (30-ft.) 30  3050 

Unrecorded  50  3100 

Stray  sand 25  3125 

Unrecorded  14  3139 

Gordon  sand  (oil,  3151').-]  28  3167 

Slate  ■ j-  Gordon  11  3178 

Sand  (oil,  3178') J 8 3186 

Slate  to  bottom 35  3221 


F.  M.  Gifford  No.  1 Well  Record  (360). 


Located  in  Sardis  District,  *4  mile  south  of  Fonda.  Authority, 
Benedum-Trees  Oil  Company.  Completed  July  28,  1907. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1065'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  830  830 

Pittsburgh  coal  and  unrecorded 380  1210 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (I  Cow  Run) 35  1245 

Unrecorded  70  1315 

Big  Dunkard  sand 75  1390 

Unrecorded  140  1530 

Gas  sand 25  1555 

Unrecorded  20  1575 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run) 45  1610 

Unrecorded  200  1810 

Maxton  sand  (water,  1968') 220  2030 

Unrecorded  50  2080 

Big  Lime 45  2125 

Big  Injun  sand  (water,  2150') 140  2245 

Unrecorded  455  2700 

Fifty-foot  sand  (gas,  2702',  2734') 40  2740 

Unrecorded  50  2790 

Thirty-foot  sand 20  2810 

Unrecorded  16  2826 

Stray  sand 60  2886 

Unrecorded  16  2902 


Gordon  sand  (oil  pay,  2912')  and  unrecorded  to  bottom.  20  2922 


Nathan  Goff  No.  39  Well  Record  (361). 


Located  in  Sardis  District,  0.9  mile  southwest  of  Fonda.  Author- 
ity, B.  M.  Despard.  Completed  July  21,  1905. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1053'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  826^  826% 

Pittsburgh  coal  and  unrecorded 398%  1225 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 15  1240 

Unrecorded  55  1295 


440 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  To.al. 


Big  Dunkard  sand 

Unrecorded  

Sand,  “Gas”?  (II  Cow  Run) 

Unrecorded  

Salt  sand 

Unrecorded  

Maxton  sand 

Feet.  Feet. 

55  1790 

205  1995 

9030 

Unrecorded  

10 

2040 

Little  lime 

2055 

Pencil  cave 

8 

2063 

Big  Lime 

81 

2144 

Big  Injun  sand 

92 

2236 

Unrecorded  

457 

2693 

Fifty-foot  sand 

40 

2733 

Unrecorded  

62 

2795 

Thirty-foot  sand 

33 

2828 

Unrecorded  

40 

2868 

Stray  sand 

15 

2903 

Unrecorded  

2918 

Gordon  sand  (first  oil 

pay,  2926'; 

second  oil  pay, 

2934')  to  bottom. . . 

22 

2940 

Conductor,  15';  10" 

casing,  218': 

; 814"  casing,  1312';  6%"  casing, 

2400';  5Ty'  casing,  2868'. 


The  log  of  the  Nathan  Goff  No.  45  well  (363)  is  used  in 
connection  with  the  Fonda  section,  page  9,2. 


E.  R.  McIntyre  No.  2 Well  Record  (363). 


Located  in  Sardis 

District,  114 

miles 

southeast 

of  Fonda. 

Au- 

thority,  Benedum-Trees 

Oil  Company. 

Completed  June,  1906. 

Thickness. 

TotaL 

(Elevation,  1020'  B-A.  T.) 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Unrecorded  

. 700 

700 

Pittsburgh  coal  and  unrecorded 

. 332 

1032 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard? 

(Moundsville  ; 

and  I 

Cow  Run) . 

, . 114 

1146 

Unrecorded  

, . 38 

1184 

Big  Dunkard  sand 

. 40 

1224 

Unrecorded  

, . 226 

1450 

Gas  sand 

. 40 

1490 

Unrecorded  

. 90 

1580 

Salt  sand 

. 170 

1750 

Unrecorded  

. 60 

1810 

Maxton  sand 

. 25 

1835 

Unrecorded  

, . 70 

1905 

Little  lime 

. 20 

1925 

Unrecorded  

, . 37 

1962 

Big  Lime 

, . 48 

2010 

Big  Injun  sand 

. 96 

2106 

TTnrppnrd pd 

. 454 

2560 

Pjfly.foot  sand 

. . 20 

2580 

Unrecorded  

. 75 

2655 

Thirty-foot  sand 

. 25 

2680 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


441 


Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  50  2730 

Gordon  Stray  sand 25  2755 

Unrecorded  20  2775 

Gordon  sand  (break,  2798';  oil,  2791'-2803')  and  un- 
recorded to  bottom 36  2811 

M.  K.  Davisson  No.  1840  Well  Record  (364). 

Located  in  Sardis  District,  1 mile  southeast  of  Fonda.  Authority, 
Philadelphia  Company.  Completed  Aug.  12,  1905. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  1065'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  747  747 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 9 756 

Unrecorded  396  1152 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 38  1190 

Unrecorded  57  1247 

Big  Dunkard  sand 5 1252 

Unrecorded  73  1325 

Sand,  “Gas”?  (Burning  Springs) 63  1388 

Unrecorded  117  1505 

Sand,  Salt?  (Gas  and  II  Cow  Run) 80  1585 

Unrecorded  30  1615 

Salt  sand 35  1650 

Unrecorded  35  1685 

Salt  sand 35  1720 

Unrecorded  104  1824 

Maxton  sand 108  1932 

Unrecorded  28  1960 

Big  Lime 82  2042 

Big  Injun  sand 113  2155 

Unrecorded  459  2614 

Fifty-foot  sand  (gas) 40  2654 

Unrecorded  57  2711 

Thirty-foot  sand 25  2736 

Unrecorded  44  2780 

Gordon  Stray  sand 40  2820 

Unrecorded  14  2834 

Gordon  sand  (oil,  2839'-2847') 41  2875 

Unrecorded  1 2876 

Fourth  sand 10  2886 

Unrecorded  149  3035 

Fifth  sand 3 3038 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 109  3147 

10"  casing,  248';  8%"  casing,  1182';  6%"  casing,  2173';  3"  cas- 
ing, 2650'. 

Gas  pressure  to  the  sq.  inch  in  50-ft.  sand  (6%"?  casing): 

1st  minute,  50  lbs.  10th  minute,  210  lbs. 

5th  minute,  105  lbs.  40th  minute,  475  lbs. 

Rock  pressure,  520  lbs. 


The  records  of  the  two  following  wells  on  Rockcamp 
run  are  published  in  brief  in  the  table  of  wells  for  Harrison 


442 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


county,  page  408,  and  in  detail  on  the  pages  indicated  of 
Vol.  1(A)  of  the  State  Survey: 


Map 

No. 

Name  of  Well. 

Location.  | 

| Page  of 
Vol.  1(A). 

365 

W.  A.  Rogers  No.  2 

j 2.3  miles  N.  80°  W.  of  Olive... 

| 310 

367 

Marshall  Bailey  No.  1.. 

|0.3  mile  N.  of  Olive 

310 

The  major  portion  of  the  southeast  half  of  Sardis  dis- 
trict lies  on  the  steep  western  slope  of  the  Wolf  Summit 
anticline,  and  on  it  in  this  region  a large  number  of  gas 
wells  have  been  drilled. 

On  the  head  of  Little  Elk  creek,  Roland  & Groves  drilled 
the  Benjamin  Heldreth  No.  1 well  (330),  in  June,  1910.  It 
had  a 10-barrel  daily  production  from  the  Gordon  sand,  and 
at  the  end  of  two  months  it  was  making  2 to  3 barrels  daily. 

Southeastward  1.5  miles  there  occur  two  light  oil  wells 
in  the  Gordon.  The  following  is  a record  of  one  of  these 
wells  as  published  in  Vol.  I (edition  exhausted)  of  the  State 
Survey,  page  248.  The  record  is  very  complete,  but  some 
changes  in  the  original  log  are  indicated  in  parentheses  by 
the  writer : 

Seth  Pigott  No.  1 Well  (378). 


Located  in  Sardis  District,  2 mPes  N.  70° 

E.  of  Wallace. 

Author- 

ity,  South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness 

Total. 

(Elevation,  1125'  B-A.  T.) 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Conductor  

14 

14 

Limestone,  hard 

3 

17 

Slate  j 

43 

60 

Coal,  (Washington) 

...  2 

62 

Sand,  (Mannington) 

38 

100 

Limestone  

100 

200 

Red  rock 

50 

250 

Unrecorded  

235 

485 

Limestone  and  slate 

105 

590 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 

8 

598 

Limestone  and  slate 

102 

700 

Red  rock 

100 

800 

Slate  

60 

860 

Red  rock  (Pittsburgh) 

15 

875 

Sand  

30 

905 

Limestone  

960 

Sand,  white  (1  Cow  Run) 

95 

1055 

Limestone  , 

13 

1068 

Slate  

12 

1080 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


443 


Limestone  

Sand  

Sand,  white 

Limestone  

Slate  and  limestone 

Slate,  black 

Sand  

Limestone  

Sand,  white 

Slate,  black 

Sand,  (Maxton) 

Limestone  and  slate 

Pencil  cave 

Big  Limestone 

Sand,  soft,  and  limestone  (gas,  ] 

1937')  60'}- Big  Injun.. 

Sand,  hard 20  J 

Limestone  

Slate  

Slate  and  limestone 

Sand  and  limestone  (Berea) 

Limestone  

Slate  : 

Gantz  sand  (gas,  2495') 

Slate  

Fifty-foot  sand 

Slate  

Limestone  

Red  rock 

Sand,  (Thirty-foot) 

Limestone  

Sand  10'] 

Limestone  10  J- (Stray) 

Sand  and  limestone 48  J 

Slate  

Sand,  pebbly  (oil,  2731')..  5']  Campbells  Run 

Sand,  hard 14  }-  (Gordon) 

Slate  10  J 

Sand,  Whetstone  Run  (Gordon)  (gas,  2765').... 

Limestone  and  slate 

Sand,  Flat  Run  (Fourth) 

Slate  and  limestone 


Thickness. 

Feet. 

. . . 10 
. . . 55 

...  55 
. ..  44 

. . . 26 
. . . 30 

. ..  270 
. . . 35 

. . . 95 

. . . 48 

. . . 20 
. . . 87 

6 

. . . 51 

. . . 80 

. ..  168 
. . . 40 

. . . 100 
. . . 50 

. ..  50 

. . . 90 

...  20 
. . . 15 

. . . 10 
. ..  55 
. . . 10 
. ..  25 

. . . 25 

. . . 10 

. . . 68 

...  3 

. . . 29 


20 

20 

2 

199  9" 


Total. 

Feet. 

1090 

1145 

1200 

1244 

1270 

1300 

1570 

1605 

1700 

1748 

1768 

1855 

1861 

1912 

1992 

2160 

2200 

2300 

2350 

2400 

2490 

2510 

2525 

2535 

2590 

2600 

2625 

2650 

2660 

2728 

2731 

2760 


2780 
2800 
2802 
3001  9" 


One-half  mile  southward,  the  Hartman  Oil  Company 
drilled  the  J.  L.  Swiger  No.  1 dry  hole  (379)  through  the 
entire  Venango  group  of  oil  sands,  the  record  of  which  is 
given  in  detail  on  page  311  of  Vol.  1(A)  of  the  State  Survey 
reports.  The  well  starts  2 feet  below  the  Washington  coai 
and  penetrates  3112  feet  below  the  top  of  the  Pittsburgh  bed. 

Three-fourths  mile  northwestward  on  Little  Elk  the 


444 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


South  Penn  drilled  the  Blackburn  Smith  No.  1 gas  well  (376), 
the  log  of  which  was  not  obtained. 

The  three  following  records  are  from  wells  situated  on 
the  north  side  of  Little  Tenmile  creek.  The  first  is  located 
on  the  head  of  Caldwell  run : 

John  G.  Rogers  No.  1225  Well  Record  (381). 

Located  in  Sardis  District,  1.6  miles  northeast  of  Brown.  Au- 
thority, C.  A.  Murrin.  Completed  Sept.  25,  1910. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  1300'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  , Feel- 

Unrecorded  30  30 

Coal,  (Washington),  and  unrecorded 68  98 

Native  coal  (Waynesburg  “A”) 2 100 

Unrecorded  470  570 

Coal,  Pittsburgh? 6 576 

Unrecorded  (no  Dunkard  sands) 704  1280 

Gas  sand 57  1337 

Unrecorded  88  1425 

Salt  sand 75  1500 

Unrecorded  6 1506 

Unrecorded  258  1764 

Maxton  sand 85  1849 

Unrecorded  3 1852 

Little  lime 8 1860 

Pencil  cave 5 1865 

Big  Lime 35  1900 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1925') 80  1980 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 8 1988 

10"  casing,  606';  8%"  casing,  1245';  6%"  casing,  1900'. 

Temple  Smith  No.  2107  Well  Record  (374). 

Located  in  Sardis  District,  y2  mile  northwest  of  Brown.  Author- 
ity, Philadelphia  Company.  Completed  July  9,  1906. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  1115'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  590  590 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 6 596 

Unrecorded  504  1100 

Big  Dunkard  sand 50  1150 

Unrecorded  720  1870 

Big  Lime 40  1910 

Big  Injun  sand  (oil,  gas  and  water,  1940'-2000') 125  2035 

Unrecorded  455  2490 

Fifty-foot  sand  (gas,  2492') 44  2534 

Slate  to  bottom 1 2535 

Pressure  in  4"  tubing: 

1st  minute,  135  lbs.  10th  minute,  310  lbs. 

5th  minute,  280  lbs.  20th  minute,  333  lbs. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


445 


This  well  starts  5 to  10  feet  below  the  Washington  coal. 
It  is  reported  to  have  had  a 25-barrel  oil  showing  in  the  Big 
Injun,  but  the  oil  was  never  saved. 


G.  W.  Kelley  No.  1 Well  Record  (375). 

Located  in  Sardis  District,  % mile  northwest  of  Brown.  Author- 
ity, Carnegie  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1070'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  570  570 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 7 577 

Unrecorded  1308  1885 

Big  Injun  sand 113  1998 

Unrecorded  459  2457 

Fifty-foot  sand  (gas,  2460'-2465') 45  2502 

Unrecorded  39  2541 

Thirty-foot  sand  (gas,  2547') 19  2560 

Unrecorded  40  2600 

Gordon  Stray  sand  and  unrecorded 81  2681 

Gordon  sand 22  2703 

Unrecorded  3 2706 

Fourth  sand 14  2720 

Unrecorded  120  2840 

Fifth  sand 7 2847 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 35  2882 


10"  casing,  218';  8^"  casing,  1062';  6%"  casing,  1978'. 

“Good  for  1,000,000  cu.  ft.  daily.” 

The  log  of  the  I.  L.  Marsh  No.  1 well  (373)  is  published 
in  connection  with  the  Brown  section,  page  90.  This  well 
is  mentioned  in  the  description  of  the  Big  Dunkard  sand, 
page  274. 

On  the  south  hillside  at  Brown,  the  Philadelphia  Com- 
pany drilled  a well  which  produces  oil  in  the  Gordon.  Gas 
was  encountered  in  both  the  Big  Dunkard  and  Fifty-foot.  Its 
record  is  as  follows ; 


E.  E.  S.  Rogers  No.  2140  Well  Record  (372). 

Located  in  Sardis  District  at  Brown.  Authority,  Philadelphia 
Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1060'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  476  476 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 10  486 

Unrecorded  514  1000 

Big  Dunkard  sand  (gas,  1010') 80  1080 

Unrecorded  70  1150 


446 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Sand,  Salt?  (“Gas”  and  II  Cow  Run) 208  1358 

Unrecorded  382  1740 

Big  Lime 56  1796 

Big  Injun  sand 100  1896 

Unrecorded  481  2377 

Sand,  Thirty-foot?  (Fifty-foot)  (gas,  2388') 35  2412 

Unrecorded  118  2530 

Gordon  Stray  sand 25  2555 

Unrecorded  17  2572 

Gordon  sand  (oil,  2584^') 49  2621 

Unrecorded  4 2625 

Fourth  sand  (oil) 6 2831 


10"  casing,  183';  81/!"  casing,  1000';  6%"  casing,  1914'. 


The  two  following  records  are  from  gassers  located  on 
the  waters  of  Little  Rockcamp,  southwest  of  Brown : 


S.  T.  Flanagan  No.  1 Well  Record  (370). 

Located  in  Sardis  District,  1.5  miles  southwest  of  Brown.  Au- 
thority, Philadelphia  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1175'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  200  200 

Coal,  native,  (Washington) 3 203 

Unrecorded  302  505 

Coal,  (Lower  Uniontown) 4 509 

Unrecorded  151  660 

Lime  shells 80  740 

Unrecorded  8 748 

Coal,  Mapletown?  (Redstone) 4 752 

Unrecorded  23  775 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 7 782 

Unrecorded  363  1145 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 95  1240 

Unrecorded  75  1315 

Big  Dunkard  sand 30  1345 

Unrecorded  155  1500 

Gas  sand 25  1525 

Unrecorded  117  1642 

Coal,  Pocahontas?  (Upper  Mercer?) 6 1648 

Unrecorded  7 1655 

Sait  sand  (water,  3 bailers  per  hour,  1685') 75  1730 

Unrecorded  52  1782 

Salt  sand 14  1796 

Unrecorded  54  1850 

Maxton  sand 80  1930 

Unrecorded  66  1996 

Little  lime 15  2011 

Pencil  cave,  blue 5 2016 

Big  Lime 61  2077 

Big  Injun  sand,  hard 123  2200 

Unrecorded  6 2206 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  447 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 

Squaw  sand 10  2216 

Unrecorded  409  2625 

Fifty-foot  sand  (gas,  2750',  steel  line) 55  2680 

Unrecorded  60  2740 

Thirty-foot  sand  (gas,  2750',  steel  line) 30  2770 

Unrecorded  15  2785 

Gordon  Stray  sand  (gas) 60  2845 

Unrecorded  11  2856 

Gordon  sand  (oil,  2884') 


The  above  is  a very  interesting  record  in  that  five  coal 
beds,  three  gas  pays,  and  one  oil  pay  are  noted : 


T.  P.  Whiteman  No.  1 Well  Record  (369). 


Located  in  Sardis  District,  1.7  miles  northwest  of  Olive.  Author- 
ity, South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1040'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1880  1880 

Big  Injun  sand 150  2030 

Unrecorded  647  2677 

Gordon  sand 33  2710 

Unrecorded  230  2940 

Fifth  sand  and  unrecorded  to  bottom 23  2963 


The  following  is  the  record  of  a well  southeast  of  Brown 
that  reveals  the  absence  of  both  the  Fourth  and  Fifth  sands: 


W.  N.  Edgell  No.  2147  Well  Record  (382). 


Located  in  Sardis  District,  1 mile  southeast  of  Brown.  Authority, 
Philadelphia  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1005'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  290  290 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 15  305 

Unrecorded  1305  1610 

Big  Lime 34  1644 

Big  Injun  sand 100  1744 

Unrecorded  636  2370 

Gordon  sand 120  2490 

Unrecorded  to  bottom  (no  Fourth  or  Fifth  sand) 306  2796 


10"  casing,  150';  S1^"  casing,  867';  6%"  casing,  1730'. 

Well  starts  10  feet  below  the  Uniontown  coal. 

The  two  following  records  are  from  Big  Injun  and  Fifth 
sand  gassers : 


448 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS.  ' 


H.  H.  Huston  No.  1 Well  Record  (383). 

Located  in  Sardis  District,  1%  miles  southeast  of  Brown.  Author- 


ity, Carnegie  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  965'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  106  106 

Coal,  Pittsburgh,  and  unrecorded 1384  1490 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1520') 94  1584 

Unrecorded  476  2060 

Fifty-foot  sand 20  2080 

Unrecorded  69  2149 

Sand,  Gordon?  (Stray)  (gas,  2151') 9 2158 

Unrecorded  79  223T 

Fourth  sand 53  2290 

Unrecorded  10  2300 

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2309')  to  bottom 16  2316 


10"  casing,  140';  6%"  casing,  1462';  3"  tubing,  2316'. 

Pressure  in  3"  pipe,  first  minute,  235  lbs. 

Nancy  Haggerty  No.  1 Well  Record  (384). 

Located  in  Sardis  District,  1 mile  southwest  of  Dola.  Authority,. 


Hope  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  1140'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1420  1420 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas).., 70  1490 

Unrecorded  730  2220 

Gordon  sand 20  2240 

Unrecorded  169  2409 

Fifth  sand  (gas) 8 2417" 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 48  2465 


The  following  is  the  record  of  a well  in  the  southeast 
portion  of  Sardis  on  Flaggy  run : 


Wm.  T.  Allen  No.  1 Well  Record  (387). 


Located  in  Sardis  District,  1 mile  west  of  Sardis.  Authority, 
Carnegie  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  985'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1440  1440 

Big  Injun  sand 100  1540 

Unrecorded  314  1854 

Sand,  Fifty-foot?  (Berea) 46  1900 

Unrecorded  85  1985 

Sand,  Thirty-foot?  (Fifty-foot) 30  2015 

Unrecorded  35  2050 

Sand,  Gordon  Stray  (30-ft.  and  Stray)  (gas,  2064') 90  2140 

Unrecorded  25  2165 


series  in  immediate  foreground. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


449 


Gordon  sand 

Unrecorded  

Fourth  sand 

Unrecorded  

Fifth  sand  (some  gas) 
Unrecorded  to  bottom 


Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 
. .. . 25  2190 

45  2235 

. . . . 20  2255 

. ...  115  2370 

29  2399 

106  2505 


Pressure  at  15  minutes,  200  lbs.;  rock  pressure,  575  lbs. 


The  well  starts  5 feet  above  the  base  of  the  Pittsburgh 
coal  bed. 

A short  distance  westward  there  occurs  a fine  pool  of 
Maxton  sand  gas.  The  A.  A.  Swiger  No.  1 (385)  and  Nancy 
Griffin  No.  6 (388)  both  produce  gas  at  this  horizon.  The 
L.  S.  Whiteman  No.  1 (386),  located  on  the  head  of  Isaac 
creek,  is  reported  a 5-barrel  oil  well  in  the  Gordon  sand. 

The  following  is  the  record  of  a gas  well  located  only  3^ 
mile  west  of  the  crest  of  the  Wolf  Summit  anticline; 


Oliver  Robinson  No.  2159  Well  Record  (392). 


Located  in  Sardis  District,  at  Sardis.  Authority,  Philadelphia 
Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  955'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  155  155 

Coal,  (Harlem?) 3 158 

Unrecorded  107  265 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (I  Cow  Run) 20  285 

Unrecorded  10  295 

Big  Dunkard  sand 98  393 

Unrecorded  177  570 

Gas  sand  and  unrecorded 180  750 

Salt  s^nd 125  875 

Unrecorded  340  1215 

Big  Lime 55  1270 

Big  Injun  sand 110  1380 

Unrecorded  430  1810 

Fifty-foot  sand 69  1879 

Unrecorded  16  1895 

Sand,  Gordon?  (Thirty-foot)  (gas,  1910') 20  1915 

Unrecorded  105  2020 

Sand,  Fourth?  (Gordon) 30  2050 

Unrecorded  182  2232 

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2236') 16  2248 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 18  2266 


10"  casing,  395';  8 14"  casing,  880'';  6%"  casing,  1259';  3"  cas- 
ing, 2246'. 


450 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


“Pressure  test  in  6%"  pipe: 
1st  minute,  20  lbs. 

5th  minute,  90  lbs. 

“Pressure  test  in  3"  pipe: 

1st  minute,  130  lbs. 

2nd  minute,  160  lbs. 


10th  minute,  150  lbs. 
20th  minute,  215  lbs. 

5th  minute,  230  lbs. 
10th  minute,  290  lbs. 


The  well  starts  140  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal ; 
hence,  the  bed  at  155'  feet  represents  the  Harlem. 

The  following  is  the  record  of  a light  Fifth  sand  gasser 
on  the  head  of  Katys  Lick  creek  in  the  extreme  southern 
edge  of  Sardis  district.  The  well  starts  30  to  40  feet  above 
the  Pittsburgh  coal : 


James  Flanagan  No.  2145  Well  Record  (393). 


Located  in  Sardis  District,  % mile  southeast  of  Katys  Lick. 
Authority,  Philadelphia  Company.  Completed  April  17,  1907. 


Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  1150'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  315  315 

Coal,  (Hariem?) 6 321 

Unrecorded  169  490 

Big  Dunkard  sand 105  595 

Unrecorded  195  790 

Sand,  Salt?  (“Gas”) 90  880 

Unrecorded  25  905 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt) 113  1018 

Unrecorded  HO  1128 

Sand,  Maxton?  (Salt) 32  1160 

Unrecorded  222  1382 

Big  Lime 61  1443 

Big  Injun  sand 95  1538 

Unrecorded  432  1970 

Fifty-foot  sand 10  - 1980 

Unrecorded  0 1986 

Sand,  Gordon  Stray?  (Thirty-foot) 59  2045 

Unrecorded  15  2060 

Sand,  Gordon?  (Gordon  Stray) 20  2080 

Unrecorded  56  2136 

Sand,  Fourth?  (Gordon) 20  2156 

Unrecorded  04  2220 

Sand,  Fifth?  (Fourth) 6 2226 

Unrecorded  174  2400 

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2402') 5 2405 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 197  2602 


10"  casing,  144';  8^4"  casing,  1020';  6%"  casing,  1394'. 
Well  abandoned  and  plugged  at  1450'. 


Prospective  Oil  and  Gas  Territory,  Sardis  District.— 

The  northwest  portion  of  Sardis  district  has  been  quite 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


451 


thoroughly  drilled,  but  there  still  remains  a large  acreage 
that  is  favorable  for  oil  and  gas  both  from  the  standpoint  of 
development  and  structure.  (1)  That  portion  of  the  district 
in  the  Robinson  Basin  northwest  from  the  head  of  Barnes 
run  to  Little  Tenmile  creek,  appears  good  for  Gordon  sand 
oil;  (2)  that,  northward  from  Fonda  to  Barnes  run,  between 
the  axis  of  the  Robinson  syncline  and  the  275-foot  contour 
of  the  Pittsburgh  coal,  seems  favorable  for  oil  at  the  same 
horizon;  (3)  that,  westward  from  the  Benjamin  Heldreth  No. 
1 well  (330)  on  the  head  of  Little  Elk  creek  appears  good 
for  Gordon  oil ; (4)  that,  southward  from  Brown  to  Little 
Rockcamp  run,  for  gas  in  the  Fifty-foot,  Gordon  and  Fifth ; 
(5)  that,  northeast  and  eastward  from  Brown  to  Bennett  run, 
appears  favorable  for  gas  at  the  same  horizons ; and  (6)  that, 
on  the  left  branch  of  Flaggy  run,  for  gas  in  the  Maxton,  Big 
Injun  and  Fifth  sands. 

TEN  MILE  DISTRICT. 

Ten  Mile  district  occupies  the  middle  western  portion 
of  Harrison  county.*  Its  entire  area  lies  in  the  Robinson 
Basin.  A glance  at  the  structure  map  accompanying  this 
report  will  show  that  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed  varies  in  eleva- 
tion from  200'  A.  T.  near  the  axis  of  the  Robinson  syncline 
on  the  northwest  corner  of  the  district  to  1100'  A.  T.,  0.8  mile 
southeast  of  Wolf  Summit,  1.5  miles  westward  from  the  axis 
of  the  Wolf  Summit  anticline.  Hence,  ideal  structural  con- 
ditions prevail  therein  for  the  great  oil  and  gas  fields  within 
its  boundaries.  This  district  has  produced  more  oil  than 
any  other  in  Harrison  county.  The  main  oil  horizons  are 
the  Maxton,  Fifty-foot,  Gordon,  and  Fifth  sands. 

The  Gordon  production  lies  chiefly  in  the  Robinson  Basin 
along  the  western  border  of  the  district,  and  along  with  the 
Fifth  sand  is  the  most  important  oil  horizon  from  the  stand- 
point of  total  production.  The  location  of  the  pool  is  ideal 
as  regards  the  “anticlinal  theory"  for  the  accumulation  of  oil 
and  gas  into  commercial  pools. 

The  fifth  sand  oil  pool  occupies  a high  structural  level 
to  the  southeast  slightly  over  half  way  up  the  western  slope 


452 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


of  the  Wolf  Summit  anticline.  The  Fifth  sand  contains  no 
water  in  this  region,  so  that  it  would  appear  that  the  location 
of  this  oil  pool  is  in  direct  violation  of  the  anticlinal  theory  of 
oil  segregation,  since  the  oil  should  apparently  pass  down 
into  the  Robinson  Basin.  The  records  of  several  deep  wells 
to  the  northwest  of  the  pool,  however,  reveal  the  absence  of 
the  Fifth  sand,  tending  to  show  the  sand  deposit  more  or 
less  lenticular.  The  latter  feature  no  doubt  in  a large  meas- 
ure accounts  for  the  oil  so  high  up  the  structural  slope. 

A small  Fifty-foot  sand  oil  pool  was  opened  on  Indian 
run,  2 miles  north  of  Bristol,  during  1901,  directly  over  a 
Gordon  sand  oil  pool.  The  oil  was  dark  and  heavy,  the  pro- 
duction falling  off  rapidly,  and  the  wells  later  drilled  on  down 
to  the  Gordon. 

A small  Maxton  oil  pool  occurs  on  the  east  side  of  Rac- 
coon run,  1.2  miles  southward  from  Bristol,  as  represented  by 
the  S.  S.  Cross  No.  1 well  (461). 

The  development  in  detail  will  now  be  considered  from 
northwest  to  southeast  across  the  district.  In  addition  to  the 
summarized  records  (page  408)  of  the  following  wells  in  the 
Gordon  sand  oil  pool,  arranged  from  northeast  to  southwest 
along  the  Robinson  Basin,  their  more  complete  logs  are  pub- 
lished on  the  pages  indicated  of  Vol.  1(A)  of  the  State  Survey 
reports : 


Mapl 

No.  { Name  of  Well. 

Location. 

Page  of 
Vol.  1(A) 

402 

T.  D.  Rogers  No.  1 

2.5  miles  W.  of  Olive 

310 

403 

J.  Longh  No.  1 

2.5  miles  N.  W.  of  Marshville. . 

315 

406 

Luther  Haymond  No.  1. 

3.3  miles  N.  of  Salem 

314 

408 

J.  W.  Williams  No.  1.. 

1.8  miles  N.  of  Bristol 

314 

409 

J.  W.  Williams  No.  2.. 

2 miles  N.  of  Bristol 

314 

413 

A.  C.  Bailey  No.  1 

*2.5  miles  N.  of  Salem 

323 

421 

Martha  Traugh  No.  1.. 

j In  Salem,  east  edge  of 

316 

433 

Silas  Fittro  No.  2 

2 miles  S.  W.  of  Salem 

292 

All  the  above  wells  produced  oil  from  the  Gordon  sand. 
Rogers  No.  1 (402)  had  an  initial  production  of  275  barrels 
daily;  Lough  No.  1 (403),  40  barrels  daily,  along  with  gas 
in  the  Fifty-foot  sand ; Haymond  No.  1 (406)  in  addition  to 
a Gordon  oil  production  had  an  oil  show  at  a depth  of  3257 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


453 


feet  in  the  Gordon  Stray  sand  and  not  in  the  Thirty-foot  as 
given  in  the  record;  Williams  Nos.  1 and  2 (408  and  409) 
were  also  gassers  in  the  Fifty-foot;  Bailey  No.  1 (413),  was 
a gasser  in  the  Gordon  Stray;  Traugh  No.  1 (421)  had  an 
initial  production  of  4 to  6 barrels  daily. 

The  fifteen  following  records  from  Gordon  sand  oil  wells 
scattered  along  the  Robinson  Basin  in  Ten  Mile  district,  con- 
tain much  data  of  interest  concerning  other  oil  and  gas  hori- 
zons than  the  Gordon : 


John  T.  Goodwin  No.  1 Well  Record  (397). 


ity,  South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

(Elevation,  1075'  B-A.  T.) 
Unrecorded  

Coal,  Pittsburgh 

Unrecorded  

Big  Dunkard  sand 

Unrecorded  

Salt  sand 

Unrecorded  

Big  Lime 

Big  Injun  sand 

Unrecorded  

Fifty-foot  sand  and  unrecordec 

Gordon  Stray  sand 

Unrecorded  

Gordon  sand  (oil) 


Bristol. 

Author- 

hickness. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

860 

866 

1380 

. . 70 

1450 

1850 

. . 60 

1910 

..  185 

2095 

2170 

..  130 

2300 

..  403 

2703 

2860 

. . 46 

2906 

2927 

. . 25 

2952 

2969 

Luther  Haymond  No.  15  Well  Record  (405). 


Located  in  Ten  Mile  District,  3.5  miles  N.  10°  E.  of  Salem.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1140'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded 905  905 

Pittsburgh  coal 6 911 

Unrecorded  529  1440 

Sand,  Dunkard  (Big  Dunkard) 60  1500 

Unrecorded  250  1750 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run) 60  1810 

Unrecorded  345  2155 

Big  Lime 60  2215 

Big  Injun  sand 95  2310 

Unrecorded  457  2767 

Fifty-foot  sand 38  2805 

Unrecorded  35  2840 


454 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Thirty-foot  sand 20  2860 

Unrecorded  70  2930 

Stray  sand 22  2952 

Unrecorded  15  2967 

Gordon  sand  (oil) 21  2988 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 24  3012 


The  G.  W.  Williams  No.  1 well,  located  on  Grass  run, 
2.5  miles  northwest  of  Marshville,  is  reported  to  have  had  an 
initial  production  of  1200  barrels  daily  in  the  Gordon  sand 
when  drilled  in  1902.  Still  making  (August,  1910)  8 to  10 
barrels  daily. 


Susan  Barnes  No.  5 Well  Record  (410). 


Located  in  Ten  Mile  District,  2%  miles  north  of  Bristol.  Author- 


ity, South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  1085'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  770  770 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 7 777 

Unrecorded  513  1290 

Sand,  Dunkard  (Big  Dunkard) 20  1310 

Unrecorded  270  1580 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt) 110  1690 

Unrecorded  340  2030 

Big  Lime 65  2095 

Big  Injun  sand 5 2100 

Unrecorded  520  2620 

Fifty-foot  sand 33  2653 

Unrecorded  70  2723 

Thirty-foot  sand 20  2743 

Unrecorded  56  2799 

Stray  sand 15  2814 

Unrecorded  25  2839 

Gordon  sand  (oil) 22  2861 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 62  2923. 


A.  J.  Varner  No.  8 Well  Record  (414). 


Located  in  Ten  Mile  District  on  the  head  of  Jacobs  run,  2*4  miles 
north  of  Salem.  Authority,  South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  945  945 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 5 950 

Unrecorded  420  1370 

Sand,  Dunkard?  (I  Cow  Run).... » 35  1405 

Unrecorded  585  2090 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


455 


Maxton  sand 

Unrecorded  

Big  Lime 

Big  Injun  sand 

Unrecorded  

Fifty-foot  sand 

Unrecorded  

Thirty-foot  sand 

Unrecorded  

Stray  sand 

Unrecorded  

Gordon  sand  (oil) 
Unrecorded  to  bottom 


Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

. . . . 65  2155 

40  2195 

45  2240 

. ...  115  2355 

. ...  433  2788 

17  2805 

79  2884 

. . . . 25  2909 

56  2965 

25  2990 

20  3010 

. . . . 12  3022 

1 3023 


The  Fifty-foot  sand  throughout  this  portion  of  Harrison 
county  comes  430  to  470  feet  below  the  Big  Injun  sand. 


A.  C.  Bailey  No.  8 Well  Record  (415). 


Located  in  Ten  Mile  District,  2 miles  north  of  Salem  on  Cherry- 
camp  run.  Authority,  South  Penn  Oil  Company. 


(Elevation,  1145'  B-A.  T.) 

Unrecorded  

Pittsburgh  coal  and  unrecorded 
Dunkard  sand  (Big  Dunkard).. 

Unrecorded  

Salt  sand 

Unrecorded  

Big  Lime 

Big  Injun  sand 

Unrecorded  

Fifty-foot  sand 

Unrecorded  

Thirty-foot  sand 

Unrecorded  

Stray  sand 

Unrecorded  

Gordon  sand  (oil)  to  bottom... 


Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

945  945 

500  1445 

25  1470 

530  2000 

. . . . 80  2080 

115  2195 

45  2240 

105  2345 

455  2800 

. ...  25  2825 

. . . . 75  2900 

30  2930 

44  2974 

19  2993 

25  3018 

26  3044 


Thomas  Williams  No.  1 Well  Record  (416). 


Located  in  Ten  Mile  District,  on  Cherrycamp  run,  2 miles  north 
of  Salem.  Authority,  South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Unrecorded  967  967 

Pittsburgh  coal 5 972 

Unrecorded  578  1550 

Sand,  Dunkard  (Burning  Springs) 60  1610 

Unrecorded  190  1800 


456 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run) 80  18S0 

Unrecorded  60  1940 

Sand,  Maxton?  (Salt) 30  1970 

Unrecorded  250  2220 

Big  Lime 40  2260 

Big  Injun  sand 65  2325 

Unrecorded  515  2840 

Fifty-foot  sand 10  2850 

Unrecorded  50  2900 

Thirty-foot  sand 39  2939 

Unrecorded  53  2992 

Stray  sand 18  3010 

Unrecorded  23  3033 

Gordon  sand  (oil) 15  3048 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 21  3069 

James  Morris  No.  3 Well  Record  (417). 

Located  in  Ten  Mile  District,  1 mile  northwest  of  Bristol.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  1170'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  860  860 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 5 865 

Unrecorded  520  1385 

Sand,  Dunkard  (Big  Dunkard) 4 50  1435 

Unrecorded  180  1615 

Gas  sand 35  1650 

Unrecorded  50  1700 

Sand,  Maxton?  (Salt) 90  1790 

Unrecorded  35#  2140 

Big  Lime 60  2200 

Big  Injun  sand 105  2305 

Unrecorded  500  2805 

Thirty-foot  sand 25  2830 

Unrecorded  40  2870 

Stray  sand 30  2900 

Unrecorded  16  2916 

Gordon  sand  (oil) 30  2946 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 464  3410 

Joseph  Rosier  Heirs  No.  1 Well  Record  (418). 

Located  in  Ten  Mile  District,  1 mile  northwest  of  Bristol.  Au- 
thority, Moon  Oil  & Gas  Company.  Completed  Sept.  27,  1907. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  1055'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  730  730 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 6 736 

Unrecorded  523  1259 

Big  Dunkard  sand 65  1324 

Unrecorded  361  1685 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


457 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Gas?  sand  (Salt) 95  1780 

Unrecorded  (Salt  sand  only  shells  and  broken) 108  1888 

Maxtor)  sand 63  1951 

Unrecorded  (Little  Lime,  broken;  no  pencil  cave) 62  2013 

Big  Lime 63  2076 

Big  Injun  sand 75  2151 

Unrecorded  308  2459 

Berea  Grit 43  2502 

Unrecorded  86  2588 

Fifty-foot  sand 7 2595 

Unrecorded  81  2676 

Thirty-foot  sand  (gas,  2688') 23  2699 

Unrecorded  45  2744 

Gordon  Stray 42  2786 

Unrecorded  19  2805 

Gordon  sand  (oil,  2809'-2817') 19  2824 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 17  2841 


10"  casing,  194';  8 Vi  "casing,  1280';  6%"  casing,  2236'. 
Shot  with  60  quarts. 


Elizabeth  Moon  No.  1 Well  Record  (420). 


Located  in  Ten  Mile  District,  % mile  northwest  of  Bristol.  Au- 
thority, G.  M.  Allender. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1175'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  460  460 

Sand,  Bluff?  (Carroll) 82  542 

Unrecorded  304  846 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 7 853 

Unrecorded  441  1294 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 30  1324 

Unrecorded  51  1375 

Big  Dunkard  sand 55  1430 

Unrecorded  371  1801 

Salt  sand 95  1896 

Unrecorded  108  2004 

Maxton  sand 63  2067 

Unrecorded  62  2129 

Big  Lime 63  2192 

Big  Injun  sand 88  2280 

Unrecorded  295  2575 

Berea  Grit 43  2618 

Unrecorded  (No  Fifty-foot  sand)....* 74  2792 

Thirty-foot  sand 23  2815 

Unrecorded  40  2855 

Gordon  Stray  sand  (gas,  2893') 42  2897 

Unrecorded  21  2916 

Gordon  sand  (oil,  2928') 21  2937 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 29  2966 


10"  casing,  220';  8*4"  casing,  1375';  6%"  casing,  2298'. 


458 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


M.  V.  Davisson  No. 

1 Well  Record  (422). 

Located  in  Ten  Mile  District, 

1 mile  north 

of  Salem.  Authority, 

G.  M.  Allender. 

Thickness. 

Total. 

(Elevation,  1090'  B-A.  T.) 

Feet. 

Feet.. 

Unrecorded  

860 

Pittsburgh  coal 

6 

866 

Unrecorded  

1385 

Big  Dunkard  sand 

70 

1455 

Unrecorded  

1735 

Salt  sand  (no  water) 

105 

1840 

Unrecorded  

275 

2115 

Pencil  cave 

5 

2120 

Big  Lime 

2175 

Big  Injun  sand  (light  gas,  2246'). 

110 

2285 

Unrecorded  

425 

2710 

Fifty-foot  sand  (shells  only)  and 

unrecorded. . . 

82 

2792 

Thirty-foot  sand 

25 

2817 

Unrecorded  

51 

2868 

Gordon  Stray  sand 

44 

2912 

Unrecorded  

2913 

Gordon  sand  (oil,  2919'-2926') . . . . 

19 

2932 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 

28 

2960 

10"  casing,  239';  8^4  " casing,  1390';  6%"  casing,  2321' 


G.  E.  Harbert  No.  1 Well  Record  (424). 

Located  in  Ten  Mile  District,  2 miles  northwest  of  Salem.  Au- 
thority, Carter  Oil  Company.  Completed  January  3,  1901. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1160'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  960  960 

Pittsburg  coal,  good 10  970 

Unrecorded  95  1065 

Cave  345  1410 

Sand,  Cow  Run  (I  Cow  Run) 20  1430 

Cave  60  1490 

Unrecorded  335  1825 

Salt  sand  (water,  1835') 110  1935 

Unrecorded  215  2150 

Maxton  sand 16  2166 

Unrecorded  75  2241 

Big  Lime 57  2298 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas  and  oil  in  top) 107  2405 

Unrecorded  557  2962 

Gordon  Stray 10  2972 

Unrecorded  20  2992 

Gordon  sand  (oil,  2994'-2998'  and  3004'-3010') 20  3012 

Unrecorded  28  3040 

Sand  (Fourth),  (oil,  3044'-3050')  to  bottom 21  3061 


This  well  records  oil  in  both  the  Gordon  and  Fourth 
sands,  and  also  a show  in  the  top  of  the  Big  Injun. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


459 


M.  Davisson  No.  11  Well  Record  (425). 

Located  in  Ten  Mi.e  District,  1.5  miles  northwest  of  Industrial 
Authority,  South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  1163'  L-A.  T:)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  945  945 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 5 950- 

Unrecorded  510  1460 

Sand,  Dunkard  (Big  Dunkard) 40  1500 

Unrecorded  340  1840 

Salt  sand 55  1895 

Unrecorded  230  2125 

Maxton  sand 20  2145 

Unrecorded  130  2275 

Big  Injun  sand 110  2385 

Unrecorded  530  2915 

Sand,  Fifty-foot?  (Thirty-foot) 20  2935 

Unrecorded  61  2996 

Stray  sand 21  3017 

Unrecorded  25  3042 

Gordon  sand  (oil)  to  bottom 10  3052 

John  F.  Randolph  No.  1 Well  Record  (426). 

Located  in  Ten  Mile  District,  1 mile  northwest  of  Industrial. 
Authority,  South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  1130'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  918  918 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 6 924 

Unrecorded  516  1440 

Sand,  Dunkard  (Big  Dunkard) 30  1470 

Unrecorded  335  1805 

Salt  sand 151  1956 

Unrecorded  120  2076 

Maxton  sand 24  2100 

Unrecorded  75  2175 

Big  Lime 60  2235 

Big  Injun  sand 67  2302 

Unrecorded  518  2820 

Fifty-foot  sand 15  2835 

Unrecorded  • 112  2947 

Stray  sand 7 2954 

Unrecorded  30  2984 

Gordon  sand  (oil)  to  bottom 8 2992 

Silas  Fittro  No.  1 Well  Record  (432). 

Located  in  Ten  Mile  District,  2 miles  southwest  of  Salem.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  1112'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1010  1010 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 5 1015 

Unrecorded  510  1525 


460 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Sand,  Dunkard  (Big  Dunkard) 75  1600 

Unrecorded  292  1892 

Salt  sand 48  1940 

Unrecorded  362  2302 

Big  Lime 53  2355 

Unrecorded  1 2356 

Big  Injun  sand 144  2500 

Unrecorded  550  3050 

Stray  sand 15  3065 

Unrecorded  26  3091 

Gordon  sand  (oil) 15  3106 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 15  3121 


The  following  is  the  detailed  record  of  a well  on  the 
head  of  Patterson  fork  at  the  southwest  border  of  Ten  Mile 
district.  The  record  includes  in  its  top  portion  over  300  feet 
of  the  Dunkard  series,  and  the  Washington-Pittsburgh  coal 
interval  is  shown  to  be  572  feet.  Oil  was  encountered  in 
both  the  Gordon  Stray  and  Gordon  sands : 

Patterson  No.  3 Well  Record  (434). 

Located  in  Ten  Mile  District,  1 y2  miles  south  of  Salem.  Author- 


ity, R.  T.  Lowndes. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  1115'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Conductor  16  16 

Red  rock 30  46 

Lime  (water) 22  68 

Black  slate 15  83 

Red  rock,  (Creston) 28  111 

Lime  30  141 

Slate  24  170 

Red  rock 20  190 

Black  slate 8 198 

Coal,  (Washington) 2 200 

Slate  23  223 

Sand  (water)  (Mannington) 40  263 

Slate  31  294 

Sand  (water),  (Waynesburg) 10  304 

Red  rock 29  333 

Lime  20  353 

Black  slate 10  363 

Lime  50  413 

Sand,  (Carroll)  (Uniontown) 47  460 

White  slate 8 468 

Black  slate,  (Uniontown  coal  horizon) 9 477 

Lime  27  504 

Red  rock 10  514 

Lime  30  544 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


461 


Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

Black  slate 24  568 

Lime,  (Benwood) 32  600 

White  sand 27'] 

Lime  18  }■  (Upper  Sewickley) 65  665 

White  sand 20  J 

Slate  20  685 

Lime  6 691 

Slate  9 700 

Lime  27  727 

Slate  22  749 

Coal,  (Redstone) 1 750 

Lime,  (Redstone) 17  767 

Fire  clay 5 772 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 6 778 

Slate  10  788 

Lime  18  806 

Slate  22  828 

Lime  13  841 

Slate  30  871 

Red  rock 21  892 

Black  slate 12  904 

Lime  18  922 

Red  rock 26  948 

Sand,  (Murphy) 40  988 

Slate  27  1015 

Lime  20  1035 

Black  slate 21  1056 

Lime  27  1083 

Slate  23  1106 

Lime  9 1115 

Slate  15  1130 

Lime  24  1154 

Black  slate 20  1174 

Lime  shells 30  1206 

Black  slate 27  1233 

Sand,  (I  Cow  Run) 22  1255 

Slate  40  1302 

Sand,  white,  (Big  Dunkard) 45  1347 

Slate  30  1377 

Lime  8 1385 

Slate  30  1415 

Lime  22  1437 

Slate  18  1455 

Lime  10  1465 

Slate  33  1498 

Lime  15  1513 

Black  slate 21  1534 

Sand,  (II  Cow  Run) 57  1591 

Black  s’ate - 13  1604 

Lime  1 1605 

Slate  42  1647 

Sand,  (Salt) 21  1668 

Slate  7 1675 

Sand,  (Salt) 103  1778 

Slate  12  1790 


462 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 


T . Feet.  Feet. 

Lime  44  1804 

Sand  (Salt) ’ 72  1876 

Black  slate 35  1911 

Llme  20  1981 

Black  slate 35  1966 

Lime  10  1976 

Sand,  (Maxton) 43  4994 

slate  15  2009 

Lime  32  2041 

Slate  14  2055 

Lime  12  2067 

s!ate  8 2075 

Bi9  Lime 62  2137 

Big  Injun  sand 93  2230 

Slate  45  2275 

Sand,  Squaw 144  2426 

Black  slate 15  2441 

Lime  shells 22  2463 

Slate  30  2493 

Lime  27  2520 

Berea  Grit 32  2552 

Slate  14  2566 

Lime  shells 27  2593 

Black  slate 30  2623 

Lime  slate 24  2647 

White  slate 27  2674 

Black  slate 16  2690 

Lime  28  2718 

Fifty-foot  sand  (gas,  2725') 24  2742 

White  slate 17  2759 

Lime  shells 13  2772 

Black  slate 40  2812 

Gordon  Stray  sand  (oil,  2832') 23  2835 

Unrecorded  16  2851 

Gordon  sand  (steel  line  measurement;  little  oil  on  top; 
oil,  2859')  soft  and  pebbly  in  lower  part,  and  un- 
recorded to  bottom 37  2888 


10"  casing,  146';  8%"  casing,  1262';  6%"  casing,  2282'. 

A narrow  belt  of  Gordon  sand  oil  wells  occurs  1.5  miles 
northeastward  from  Bristol,  extending  northeastward  via  the 
mouth  of  Indian  run  to  Rockcamp  run,  ^4  mile  west  of  Olive. 
The  two  following  records  are  from  wells  in  this  pool : 


F.  L.  Haney  No.  1 Well  Record  (446). 

Located  in  Ten  Mile  District,  1^4  miles  southwest  of  Marshvil’e. 
Authority,  Graves  and  Parrish.  Completed  Dec.  8,.  1905. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  970'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  406  406 

Pittsburgh  coal 8 414 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


463 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Unrecorded  361  775 

Big  Dunkard  sand 175  950 

Unrecorded  : 150  1100 

Gas  sand  (water,  1180') 100  1200 

Unrecorded  100  1300 

Salt  sand 120  1420 

Maxton  sand 80  1725 

Unrecorded  .• 12  1737 

Pencil  cave 8 1745 

Big  Lime 55  1800 

Big  Injun  sand 80  1880 

Unrecorded  376  2256 

Sand,  Upper  Thirty-foot?  (Gantz) 20  2276 

Unrecorded  60  2336 

Fifty-foot  sand 32  2368 

Unrecorded  12  2380 

Thirty-foot  sand 30  2410 

Unrecorded  15  2425 

Gordon  Stray  sand 35  2460 

Unrecorded  16  2476 

Gordon  sand  (of.  pay,  2508'-2515')  to  bottom 43  2519 


10"  casing,  155';  S1/*"  casing,  924';  6%"  casing,  1900';  5i3c"  cas- 
ing, 2459'. 

“Shot  with  30  quarts,  Dec.  9,  1905;  shot  with  20  quarts  June  27, 
1906;  shot  with  10  quarts,  May  14,  1907.” 


Jesse  A.  Harbert  No.  1 Well  Record  (447). 


thority,  G.  M.  APender,  Contractor. 

(Elevation,  1160'  B-A.  T.) 

Unrecorded  

Pittsburgh  coal 

Unrecorded  

Sand,  Little  Dunkard,  (I  Cow  Run) 

Unrecorded  1 

Big  Dunkard  sand 

Unrecorded  

Gas  sand. 

Unrecorded  

Maxton  sand 

Little  lime. 

Pencil  cave 

Big  Lime 

Big  Injun  sand 

Unrecorded  

Berea  sand 

Unrecorded  

Fifty-foot  sand 

Unrecorded  

Thirty-foot  sand 

Unrecorded  


of  Bristol.  Au- 

ickness. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

. 648 

648 

6 

654 

. 401 

1055 

. 30 

1085 

. 66 

1151 

. 35 

1186 

. 169 

1355 

. 45 

1400 

. 445 

1845 

. 133 

1978 

4 

1982 

4 

1986 

. ,61 

2047 

. 70 

2117 

. 296 

2413 

. 17 

2430 

. 105 

2535 

. 23 

2558 

. 76 

2634 

. 20 

2654 

3 

2657 

. 43 

2700 

46  i 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness. 

Feet. 

Unrecorded  5 

Gordon  sand  (little  oil,  2722') 35 

Unrecorded  8 

Fourth  sand 38 

Unrecorded  183 

Fifth  sand  (little  oil,  2974') 5 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 139 


10"  casing,  283';  casing,  1176';  6%"  casing,  1992'. 


Total. 

Feet. 

2705 

2740 

2748 

2786 

2969 

2974 

3113 


Slightly  over  a mile  northwest  from  Marshville,  fhe 
Kinch  Oil  & Gas  Company  drilled  the  T.  S.  Morris  No.  1 
(437)  gasser  in  the  Maxton  sand.  The  well  had  a rock 
pressure  of  560  pounds  to  the  square  inch,  and  is  probably 
in  the  same  Maxton  gas  pool  as  the  wells  (385  and  388) 
one  mile  southeast  from  Olive. 

The  Chas.  Lanham  No.  1 well  (441),  located  0.6  mile 
northeast  from  Marshville,  is  reported  to  have  had  an  initial 
production  of  840  barrels  daily  from  the  Gordon  sand. 

In  addition  to  the  summarized  records  as  given  in  the 
table  of  wells  for  Harrison  county,  page  408,  the  more  com- 
plete records  of  the  following  list  of  wells  are  published  on 
the  pages  indicated  of  Vol.  1(A)  of  the  State  Survey  reports. 
The  wells  are  mostly  oil  producers  from  the  Gordon  and 
Fifth  sands : 


Map] 

No.  | Name  of  Well. 

Location. 

Page  of 
Vol.  1(A). 

443  |D.  Boughner  No.  1 

1.0  mile  S.  E.  of  Marshville. 

325 

444  |B.  H.  Brown  No.  13 

0.5  mile  S.  E.  of  Marshville. 

326 

445  IB.  H.  Brown  No.  12 

0.4  mile  S.  E.  of  Marshville. 

326 

463  [J.  M.  Fultz  No.  6 

1.5  mi’e  S.  W.  of  Lynch. . . . 

321 

464  J.  M.  Fultz  No.  4 

1.5  mile  S.  35°  W.  of  Lynch.) 

1 321 

465  |G.  W.  Albright  No.  1 

1.5  mile  S.  20°  E.  of  Bristol. 

1 320 

467  |G.  W.  Albright  No.  3 

1.6  mile  S.  of  Bristol 

320 

The  four  following  records  are  from  wells  in  the  same 
Wolf  Summit-Jarvisville  oil  pool  in  the  Fifth  sand: 


Wilson  Williams  No.  1 Well  Record  (448). 

Located  in  Ten  Mile  District,  1 % miles  north  of  Wolf  Summit. 
Authority,  South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1400'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  990  990 

Big  Dunkard  sand 132  1122 


PLATE  XIV. — Famous  Swiger  Oil  Well  (618),  represented  by  der- 
rick near  middle  of  sky-line.  The  steel-tube  derrick  on  the 
left  is  the  great  Whiteman  No.  2 well  (619). 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


465 


Unrecorded  

Big  Lime 

Unrecorded  

Big  Injun  sand 

Unrecorded  

Fifty-foot  sand 

Unrecorded  

Gordon  sand 

Unrecorded  

Fifth  sand  (oil) 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 


Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

788  1910 

75  1985 

5 1990 

70  2060 

460  2520 

. . . . 60  2580 

110  2690 

30  2720 

. ...  185  2905 

7 2912 

. . . . 14  2926 


The  well  starts  25  feet  below  the  Washington  coal,  ac- 
cording to  D.  B.  Reger ; hence,  the  Pittsburgh  coal  horizon 
belongs  at  about  550  feet.  The  Fifth  sand  apparently  be- 
longs 215  feet  below  the  top  of  the  Gordon. 


J.  G.  Dakon  No.  3 Well  Record  (456). 


Located  in  Ten  Mile  District,  % 
thority,  R.  T.  Lowndes.  Completed  in 

(Elevation,  1192'  L-A.  T.) 
Conductor  

mi’e  northwest  of  Lynch.  Au- 
December,  1902. 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 

8 8 

Brown  s’ate 

72 

80 

Sand  (water) 

10 

90 

White  slate 

25 

115 

Red  rock 

10 

125 

White  slate 

50 

175 

Red  rock 

25 

200 

Sand,  (Gilboy) 

50 

250 

White  slate 

40 

290 

Lime  

50 

340 

Black  slate 

350 

Lime  

85 

435 

B’ue  slate 

19 

454 

Green  sand 

6 

460 

Green  slate 

20 

480 

White  slate 

20 

500 

Lime  

20 

520 

Red  rock 

10 

530 

Brown  slate 

27 

557 

Coal,  (Redstone) 

5 

562 

Lime,  (Redstone) 

10 

572 

Brown  slate 

10 

582 

Pittsburgh  coal 

8 

590 

White  slate 

30 

620 

Sand  

10 

630 

Slate,  white 

10 

640 

L’me  

36 

676 

White  sand 

4 

* 680 

466 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

Sand,  (Minshall)  (Connellsvil le) 50  730 

White  slate 10  740 

Red  rock 15  755 

Lime  10  765 

Red  rock 120  885 

Lime  30  915 

Red  rock 25  940 

Lime  20  960 

Brown  slate 10  970 

Lime  16  986 

White  slate 26  1012 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 36  1048 

Black  slate 32  1080 

Lime  30  1110 

Big  Dunkard  sand 55  1165 

Black  slate 55  1170 

Lime  30  1200 

Sand,  (“Gas”) 14  1214 

B'ack  slate 46  1260 

Lime  15  1275 

Sand,  Salt?  (“Gas”  and  II  Cow  Run) 125  1400 

Black  slate 15  1415 

Salt  sand 32  1447 

Black  lime 21  1468 

Black  slate 72  1540 

Sand,  (Salt) 72  1612 

Black  slate 28  1640 

Sand,  (Salt) 48  1688 

Slate  57  1745 

Lime  80  1825 

White  slate 5 1830 

Lime  10  1840 

Blue  Monday  sand 66  1906 

Big  Lime 70  1976 

Big  Injun  sand 74  2050 

Red  rock 10  2060 

Lime  160  2220 

Blue  slate 15  2235 

Black  lime 10  2245 

White  slate 35  2280 

Lime  20  2300 

Black  slate 50  2350 

Gantz  sand 10  2360 

Lime  60  2420 

Black  slate 45  2465 

Fifty-foot  sand  (little  gas  at  top) 35  2500 

Slate  45  2545 

Thirty-foot  sand 15  2560 

White  slate 8 2568 

Broken  sand 67  2635 

Black  slate 7 2642 

Gordon  Stray  (oil  show,  2666 J^') 44  2686 

Slate 6 2692 

Sand,  Fourth?  (Gordon)  sand,  gas  in  top 50  2742 

Slate  and  shells 163  2905 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


467 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Fifth  sand  (oil  and  gas  show) 3 2908 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 30  2938 


10"  casing,  120';  8*4"  casing,  1080';  6%"  casing,  2012'. 

L.  E.  Stout*  No.  1 Well  Record  (470). 


Located  in  Ten  Mile  District,  1.1  miles  northwest  of  Jarvisville 
Authority,  South  Penn  Oil  Company. 


Pittsburgh  coal  and  unrecorded  (water,  1655r 

Big  Injun  sand 

Unrecorded  

Sand,  Thirty  foot?  (Gordon  Stray)  gas,  2410' 


Gordon  sand  and  unrecorded 
Fourth  sand  and  unrecorded. 
Fifth  sand  (McDonald)  (oil, 


2638')  and  unrecorded 


hickness. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

..325  . 

325 

. .1430 

1755 

..  80 

1835 

..  555 

2390 

. . 25 

2415 

. . 10 

2425 

..  115 

2540 

. . 93 

2633 

to 

. . 27 

2660 

Genius  Paynef  No.  3 Well  Record  (474). 


Located  in  Ten  Mile  District,  y8  mile  northeast  of  Deweytown. 
Authority,  South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1260'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  503  503 

Pittsburgh  coal 8 511 

Unrecorded  439  950 

Sand,  Dunkard?  (I  Cow  Run) 25  975 

Unrecorded  55  1030 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard 20  1050 

Unrecorded  518  1568 

Salt  sand 112  1680 

Unrecorded  103  1783 

Red  rock 44  1827 

Unrecorded  13  1840 

“Keener”?  (Blue  Monday) 22  1862 

“Big  Lime”  (part  of  Injun) 96  1958 

“Injun”  sand 47  2005 

Unrecorded  195  2200 

Sand  25  2225 

Unrecorded  195  2420 

Sand  10'] 

Break  10  (Fifty-foot  38  2458 

Sand  18  J 

Unrecorded  142  2600 


*Vol.  I,  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey,  page  252;  1899. 
tVol.  I,  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey,  p.  253;  1899. 


468 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

Sand,  Stray?  Thirty-foot?  and  unre-  ] 

corded,  oil  and  gas,  2600' 43'  }■  (Gordon)  . 60.  2660 

Sand,  Gordon?  Campbell’s  Run? 17  J 

Unrecorded  45  2705 

Sand,  Fourth,  and  unrecorded 90  2795 

Sand,  Fifth,  McDonald,  dry 4 2799 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 40  2839 

The  identifications  in  parentheses  are  by  the  writer.  In 
this  region  the  top  of  the  Gordon  sand  comes  2080  to  2100 
feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal,  and  about  200  feet  above 
the  top*  of  the  Fifth  sand ; hence,  the  changes  indicated. 

The  Genius  Payne  No.  6 well  (472),  located  mile  to 
the  southeast,  was  drilled  during  1900.  It  had  an  initial  pro- 
duction of  400  barrels  of  oil  daily  from  the  Fifth  sand,  and 
was  still  making,  in  July,  1910,  30  barrels  weekly. 

In  the  region  of  Bristol  and  southwestward  between  the 
400  and  525-foot  contours  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed,  as 
outlined  on  the  map,  there  occur  15  to  20  gas  wells  mostly 
from  the  Big  Injun,  Gordon  and  Fourth  sands.  The  detailed 
log  of  the  Robinson  No.  1 well  (459),  located  0.4  mile  south 
of  Bristol,  is  published  in  the  Salem  section,  page  95.  It 
fails,  however,  to  note  the  horizon  at  which  gas  was  en- 
countered. 

The  six  following  records  from  this  gas  region  are  of 
special  interest: 


John  Haney  No.  1 Well  Record  (458). 


Located  in  Ten  Mile  District,  % mile  northeast  of  Bristol.  Au- 
thority, J.  E.  Trainer. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1025'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  480  480 

First  coal,  Redstone  and  unrecorded 30  510 

Pittsburgh  coal 10  520 

Unrecorded  435  955 

Big  Dunkard  sand  and  unrecorded 545  1500 

Salt  sand 60  1560 

Unrecorded  180  1740 

Blue  Monday?  (Maxton)  sand 100  1840 

Unrecorded  20  1860 

Big  Lime 40  1900 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1940') 75  1975 

TTnrpoorded  75  2050 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  469 

Thickness.  Total 
Feet.  Feet. 

Sand,  Hundred-foot  (Squaw) 50  2100 

Unrecorded  200  2300 

Sand,  white,  (Berea)  and  unrecorded 60  2360 

Sand,  white  (Gantz),  (little  gas) 20  2380 

Unrecorded  120  2500 

Sand,  Fifty-foot?  (Thirty-foot) 31  2531 

Unrecorded  15  2546 

Sand,  white  (Gordon  Stray)  and  unrecorded 43  2589 

Sand,  Stray?  (Gordon) 47  2636 

Unrecorded  3 2639 


Gordon  sand  (gas,  2645')  and  unrecorded  to  bottom....  26  2665 

10"  casing,  135';  8"  casing,  1080';  6%"  casing,  I860'. 

The  well  starts  30  feet  below  the  Washington  coal  bed. 


Smith-Williams  No.  1 Well  Record  (460). 


Located  in  Ten  Mile  District,  y2  mile  south  of  Bristol.  Authority, 
Philadelphia  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1140'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  741  741 

Pittsburgh  coal  and  unrecorded 1943  2684 

Sand,  Fifty-foot  (gas,  2695') : 11  2695 

Unrecorded  34  2729 

Sand,  Forty-foot?  (Thirty-foot) 30  2759 

Unrecorded  31  2790 

Sand,  Gordon?  (Gordon  Stray)  (gas,  2796') 20  2810 

Unrecorded  60  2870 

Sand,  Fourth  (gas,  2870') 5 2875 

Unrecorded  136  3011 

Sand,  Fifth  (gas,  3011') 7 3018 


One  mile  southward,  and  on  the  east  side  of  Raccoon 
run,  the  Hope  Natural  Gas  Company  drilled  during  1910  a 
10  to  12-barrel  daily  Maxton  sand  oil  well  (461)  on  the  S.  S. 
Cross  farm.  The  well  had  not  been  drilled  deeper  in  July, 
1910. 


Alonzo  Rhodes  No.  1 Well  Record  (462). 

i 

Located  in  Ten  Mile  District,  1%  miles  southeast  of  Salem.  Au- 
thority, Trainer  Bros.  Completed  March  23,  1905. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1130'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Conductor  16  16 

Unrecorded  (water,  40'  and  70') 616  632 

Coal,  Mapletown  (Redstone) 2 634 

Unrecorded  30  664 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 6 670 


470 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  390  1060 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 15  1075 

Unrecorded  (no  Big  Dunkard  sand) 363  1438 

Sand,  First  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run) 40  1478 

Unrecorded  100  1578 

Salt  sand 77  1655 

Unrecorded  151  1806 

Maxton  sand 46  1852 

Unrecorded  136  1988 

Big  Lime..... 54  2042 

Break  10  2052 

Big  Injun  sand 85  2137 

Unrecorded  278  2415 

Berea  Grit 30  2445 

Unrecorded  77  2522 

Sand,  soft,  Fifty-foot?  (Gantz) 22  2544 

Unrecorded  77  2621 

Sand,  Thirty-foot 22  2643 

Unrecorded  38  2681 

Sand,  Gordon  Stray 40  2721 

Unrecorded  18  2739 

Sand,  Gordon  (gas,  2743'  and  2748')  and  unrecorded  to 

bottom  21  2760 

10"  casing,  198';  8%"  casing,  1203'  Packer  set  at  2117'. 

Dorothy  Young  No.  1 Well  Record  (469). 

Located  in  Ten  Mile  District,  2 y2  miles  southeast  of  Salem.  Au- 
thority, Fearless  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  1145'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  45  45 

Coal,  (Washington)  and  unrecorded 315  360 

Coal,  (Uniontown),  and  unrecorded 200  560 

Mapletown  coal  (Sewickley),  and  unrecorded 80  640 

Coal,  Pittsburgh,  arid  unrecorded 560  1200 

Big  Dunkard  sand  and  unrecorded 740  1940 

Sand,  “Blue  Monday”?  (Maxton),  gas 20  1960 

Pencil  cave 10  1970 

Big  Lime 60  2030 

Big  Injun  sand  ,gas,  2100') 110  2140 

Unrecorded  325  2465 

Sand,  gas,  Fifty-foot?  (Berea)  and  unrecorded 190  2655 

Stray  sand  (gas) 55  2710 

Unrecorded  13  2723 

Gordon  sand  (strong  gas) 32  2755 

Unrecorded  180  2935 

Fifth  sand  (oil,  small) 5 2940 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 10  2950 

“Oil  filled  up  160'  in  one  hour  from  Fifth  sand.” 

In  the  above  well,  gas  is  reported  at  five  different  hori- 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


471 


.zons;  viz.,  Maxton,  Big  Injun,  Berea,  Stray,  and  Gordon 
sands. 

Leeman  Maxwell  No.  1 Well  Record  (476). 

Located  in  Ten  Mile  District,  1%  miles  west  of  Deweytown.  Au- 
thority, Southern  Oil  Company.  Completed  Feb.  22,  1901. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1130'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  650  650 

Pittsburgh  coal  and  unrecorded 1960  2610 

Gas  in  Thirty-foot  sand 2610 

Unrecorded  120  2730 

Gas  in  Gordon  sand 2730 

Unrecorded  205  2935 

Sand,  Fifth,  gas 9 2944 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 106  3050 


10"  casing,  162';  6%"  casing,  2044';  3"  tubing,  3050'. 

Serepta  Nutter  No.  1 Well  Record  (477). 

Located  in  -Ten  Mile  District,  1%  miles  west  of  Deweytown.  Au- 
thority, Southern  Oil  Company.  Completed  Jan.  10,  1902. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1130'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  680  680 

Pittsburgh  coal  and  unrecorded 1920  2600 

Fifty-foot  sand  and  unrecorded 165  2765 

Gordon  sand  (gas)  and  unrecorded 206  2971 

Fifth  sand 5 2976 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 4 2980 

6%"  casing,  2065'. 


The  southeast  border  of  Ten  Mile  occupies  a high  struc- 
tural level  a short  distance — 2 to  3 miles — down  the  western 
slope  from  the  axis  of  the  Wolf  Summit  anticline;  hence,  this 
portion  of  the  district  is  very  prolific  gas  territory,  contain- 
ing 30  to  40  wells  in  the  region  of  Wolf  Summit  and  south- 
westward  to  Jarvisville.  The  two  following  records  of  wells 
from  this  locality  give  valuable  data  as  to  the  gas  horizons 
and  the  volume  of  the  wells : 


H.  M.  Furner  No.  1 Well  Record  (452), 

Located  in  Ten  Mile  District,  % mile  southwest  of  Wolf  Summit 
Authority,  Washington  Gas  Company.  Completed  Sept.  3,  1909 

Thickness.  Total. 


((Elevation,  1165'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet 

Unrecorded  152  152 

Coal,  Pittsburgh g 16q 

Unrecorded  393  55^ 


4:2 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness. 


Feet. 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 20 

Unrecorded  91 

Big  Dunkard  sand 35 

Unrecorded  407 

Salt  sand 102 

Unrecorded  142 

Maxton  sand 25 

Unrecorded  137 

Big  Lime 55 

Big  Injun  sand 103 

Unrecorded  390 

Fifty-foot  sand 25 

Unrecorded  73 

Thirty-foot  sand  (gas) 10 

Unrecorded  37 

Gordon  Stray  sand 18 

Unrecorded  11 

Gordon  sand 20 

Unrecorded  5 

Fourth  sand 56 

Unrecorded  175 

Fifth  sand  (gas) 30 

Slate  18 


10"  casing,  261';  6"  casing,  1549';  3"  tubing,  2538'. 

Packer  set  in  Fifty-foot  sand,  471'  from  bottom  of  hole.” 
“initial  production,  3,000,000  feet  of  gas  daily.” 

The  log  fails  to  record  the  gas  horizons. 


Copeland  Heirs  No.  1 Well  Record  (453). 

Located  in  Ten  Mile  District,  1.5  miles  southwest  of  Wolf 
mit.  Authority,  Washington  Gas  Company.  Completed  Nov.  4, 

Thickness. 


(Elevation,  1150'  B-A.  T.)  Feet. 

Unrecorded  160 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 8 

Unrecorded  372 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 35 

Unrecorded  95 

Big  Dunkard  sand 52 

Unrecorded  153 

Gas  sand 30 

Unrecorded  5 

Sand,  First  Salt  (Clarion)..... 50 

Unrecorded  66 

Salt  sand 29 

Unrecorded  120 

Salt  sand 65 

(Hole  reduced  at  1250';  gas  at  1340'.) 

Unrecorded  180 

Maxton  sand 45 

Unrecorded  60 

Big  Lime 75 


Total. 

Feet. 

573 

664 

699 

1106 

1208 

1350 

1375 

1512 

1567 

1670 

2060 

2085 

2158 

2168 

2205 

2223 

2234 

2254 

2259 

2315 

2490 

2520 

2538 


Sum- 

1909. 

Total. 

Feet. 

160 

168 

540 

575 

670 

722 

875 

905 

910 

960 

1026 

1055 

1175 

1240 

1420 

1465 

1525 

1600 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


473 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Big  Injun  sand 75  1675 

Unrecorded  35  1710 

Squaw  sand  (gas,  1725') 100  1810 

Unrecorded  145  1955 

Gantz  sand 23  1978 

Unrecorded  110  2088 

Fifty-foot  sand 25  2113 

Unrecorded  57  21Y0 

Thirty-foot  sand 9 2179 

Unrecorded  9 2188 

Stray  sand 30  2218 

Unrecorded  19  2237 

Gordon  sand 23  2260 

Unrecorded  10  2270 

Fourth  sand 38  2308 

Unrecorded  187  2495 

Fifth  sand 25  2520 


10"  casing,  260';  8"  casing,  1240';  6%"  casing,  1550';  3"  tubing, 
2525'. 

“Packer  set  in  Fifty-foot  sand,  420'  from  bottom  of  hole.” 

“Initial  daily  gas  production: 

Maxton  sand 4,000,000  cubic  feet 

Big  Injun  sand 3,000,000  cubic  feet 

Fifth  sand 3,000,000  cubic  feet 


Total..... 10,000,000  cubic  feet 


The  above  results  give  a fair  idea  of  the  great  volume  of 
gas  obtained  in  some  of  the  Harrison  county  wells. 

Prospective  Oil  and  Gas  Territory,  Ten  Mile  District. — 

Ten  Mile  district  has  had  more  wells  drilled  for  oil  and  gas 
within  its  boundaries  than  in  any  other  in  Harrison  county. 
There  yet  remain,  however,  a few  scattered  areas,  covering 
quite  a large  acreage,  that  are  favored  both  by  structure  and 
present  development  to  warrant  further  drilling.  (1)  That 
portion  of  the  district  lying  on  the  head  of  Grass  and  Indian 
runs  to  the  west  of  the  250-foot  contour  of  the  Pittsburgh 
coal  bed  as  outlined  on  the  structure  map  accompanying  this 
report,  appears  very  favorable  for  many  more  Gordon  sand 
oil  wells;  (2)  that,  on  the  waters  of  Jacobs  run  northwest 
from  the  present  development  54  mile  north  of  Salem,  and 
westward  from  Salem  to  the  John  F.  Randolph  No.  1 well 
(426)  for  Gordon  oil ; (3)  that,  on  the  headwaters  of  Raccoon 
and  Hall  runs,  and  Coburn  fork,  1.5  miles  southeast  of  Salem, 
would  warrant  further  drilling  for  gas  in  the  sands  below  the 


474 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Big  Injun  down  to  the  Fifth;  and  (4),  that,  northwest  from 
the  mouth  of  Indian  creek  to  Grass  run  appears  favorable  for 
several  more  Gordon  sand  oil  wells. 

UNION  DISTRICT. 

Union  district  occupies  the  southwestern  corner  of  Har- 
rison county,  and -its  area  is  traversed  in  an  almost  north 
and  south  direction  by  the  great  Wolf  Summit  anticline. 
The  extreme  eastern  border  of  the  district  reaches  down 
almost  to  the  axis  of  the  Shinnston  Basin  near  Byron.  A 
glance  at  the  structure  map  accompanying  this  report  will 
show  that  the  greater  portion  of  Union  has  been  elevated  to 
a high  structural  level  by  the  above  mentioned  anticline,  and 
largely  for  that  reason  some  of  the  greatest  gas  wells  ever 
struck  in  the  State  are  located  within  its  borders. 

The  Fifth  sand  oil  pool  of  Ten  Mile  district  has  been 
extended  southwestward  along  the  western  border  of  Union 
to  the  Harrison-Lewis  county  line,  and  its  development  will 
now  be  considered. 

The  following  record  is  from  a well  in  this  pool  at  its 
northeastern  end  in  the  district : 


L.  J.  Ayers*  No.  1 Well  Record  (509). 

Located  in  Union  District,  0.8  mile  southwest  of  Deweytown. 
Authority,  South  Penn  Oil  Company. 


Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  1410'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  755  755 

Pittsburgh  coal 6 761 

Unrecorded  694  1455 

Gas  sand  (oil  show)  and  unrecorded 570  2025 

Maxton  sand 55  2080 

Unrecorded  120  2200 

Big  Injun  sand 80  2280 

Unrecorded  410  2690 

Fifty-foot  sand 12  2702 

Unrecorded  128  2830 

Sand,  Gordon  Stray  (gas,  2860') 60  2890 

Unrecorded  10  2900 

Fourth  sand 40  2940 

Unrecorded  110  3050 

Fifth  sand  (ail  in  top) 6 3056 


*Vol.  I (A),  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey,  page  321;  1904. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


475 


The  record  shows  the  Fifth  sand  coming  2301  feet  below 
the  top  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal. 

In  addition  to  the  brief  records  as  given  in  the  table  of 
wells  for  Harrison  county,  the  more  complete  logs  of  the 
following  wells,  scattered  southwestward  along  this  pool,  are 
published  on  the  pages  indicated  of  Vol.  1(A)  of  the  State 
Survey  reports : 


Map 

No. 

1 

Name  of  Well. 

! 

Location. 

j 

Page  of 
Vol.  I (A). 

508 

Edith  Starkey  No.  1 

; 

0.7  mile  S.  Deweytown. 

326 

510 

Abram  Coffindaffer  No.  2 . . . 

1.2  mile  S.  20°  W.  D’y’n 

336 

511 

Abram  Coffindaffer  No.  3... 

1.6  mile  S.  20°  W.  D’y’n 

337 

512 

A.  Mathey  No.  3 

1.1  mile  N.  Big  Isaac.  . 

336 

513 

F.  M.  Bailey  No.  1 

1.5  mile  N.  30°  W.  B.  I. 

337 

514  | 

A.  Mathey  No.  6 

1 mile  N.  Big  Isaac.. 

336 

515 

.1 

Stephen  Myers  No.  1 

1.5  mile  N.  10°  W.  B.  I. 

335 

Southward  from  Big  Isaac  there  is  an  apparent  break  in 
the  oil  pool  which  comes  in  again  slightly  over  a mile  south- 
ward from  the  latter  point  on  the  head-waters  of  Tanner 
fork  of  Kincheloe.  Another  oil  pool  occurs  1.5  miles  south- 
eastward up  the  structural  slope  at  the  same  horizon.  It  is 
barely  possible  that  this  pool  may  connect  to  the  northwest 
with  the  pool  at  this  horizon  on  the  head  of  Tenmile  creek. 

The  following  is  the  record  of  a well  on  Stutler  fork  at 
the  north  end  of  the  oil  pool  east  of  Benson : 


F.  C.  Curry  No.  1 Well  Record  (518). 

Located  in  Union  District,  l1^  miles  southeast  of  Big  Isaac.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1090'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  840  840 

Sand,  Dunkard?  (Burning  Springs) 60  900 

Unrecorded  880  1780 

Big  Lime 50  1780 

Big  Injun  sand 120  1900 

Unrecorded  480  2880 

Stray  sand  and  unrecorded 10  2890 

Gordon  sand  (gas,  2440') 62  2452 

Unrecorded  166  2618 

Fifth  sand  (oil) -5  2628 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 27  2650 


47  6 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


The  Pittsburgh  coal  belongs  at  about  265  feet  in  the  well ; 
hence,  the  sand  at  840  feet  must  correlate  with  the  Burning 
Springs  (Upper  Freeport). 

The  detailed  log  of  the  J.  M.  Hall  No.  1 well  (522),  lo- 
cated one  mile  due  east  of  Benson,  is  published  in  connec- 
tion with  the  section  for  the  latter  place,  page  102. 

The  two  following  records  are  from  wells  in  this  pool 
near  the  Harrison-Lewis  county  line : 


Crocker-Hall  No.  1 Well  Record  (523). 


Located  in  Union  District,  1%  miles  South.  60°  East  of  Benson. 
Authority,  Reserve  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1065'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1635  1635 

Big  Injun  sand 147  1782 

Unrecorded  (gas  in  Thirty-foot  sand) 436  2218 

Sand,  Gordon?  (Stray  and  Gordon) 92  2310 

Unrecorded  136  2446 

Fifth  sand  (gas) 14  2460 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 2 2462 


W.  L.  Hall  No.  3 Well  Record  (525). 

Located  in  Union  District,  0.9  mile  southeast  of  Benson.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1050'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1752  1752 

Big  Injun  sand 96  1848 

Unrecorded  522  2370 

Gordon  sand 51  2421 

Unrecorded  149  2570 

Fifth  sand  (oil  to  bottom) 6 2576 


The  axis  of  the  Wolf  Summit  anticline  enters  Union  dis- 
trict from  the  north,  2.5  miles  south  about  15°  west  from 
Wilsonburg,  and  along  the  crest  of  this  fold,  and  1 to  4 miles 
down  each  slope  there  occurs  a large  number  of  heavy  gassers 
mostly  in  the  Catskill  sandstone  group. 

The  three  following  records  are  from  wells  in  this  field : 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


477 


Sanford  Fleming  No.  1 Well  Record  (480). 

Located  in  Union  District,  2%  miles  south  of  Wiisonburg.  Au- 
thority, Reserve  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1200'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1435  1435 

Big  Injun  sand 120  1555 

Unrecorded  (gas  in  Thirty-foot  sand) 635  2190 

Gordon  sand 30  2220 

Unrecorded  110  2330 

Fifth  sand  (gas) 21  2351 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 267  2618 


Well  starts  15  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal. 


Haymond  Maxwell  No.  1 Well  Record  (483). 


Located  in  Union  District,  3 miles  east  of  Jarvisville.  Authority, 
Reserve  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1155'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1400  1400 

Big  Injun  sand 110  1510 

Unrecorded  (gas  in  Thirty-foot  sand) 583  2093 

Gordon  sand 52  2145 

Unrecorded  125  2270 

Fifth  sand  (gas) 15  2285 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 57  2342 


The  well  is  located  nearly  on  the  axis  of  the  Wolf  Summit 
anticline,  and  it  starts  about  75  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh 
coal  bed. 

W.  B.  Maxwell  No.  2005  Well  Record  (484). 

Located  in  Union  District,  2 y2  miles  east  of  Jarvisville.  Author- 
ity, Philadelphia  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1017'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  290  290 

Coal  (Brush  Creek)  and  unrecorded 36  326 

Big  Dunkard  sand 34  360 

Unrecorded  155  515 

Gas  sand 30  545 

Unrecorded  430  975 

Sand,  Maxton?  (Salt) 70  1045 

Unrecorded  240  1285 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1290') 100  1385 

Unrecorded  425  1810 

Thirty-foot  sand  (gas  pay,  1815'-1825') 25  1835 


478 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


The  well  starts  about  190  feet  below  the  Pittsbugrh 
coal  bed ; hence,  the  coal  at  290  feet  correlates  with  the  Brush 
Creek  of  the  Conemaugh  series. 

Three  miles  southeastward,  and  just  east  from  the  axis 
of  the  Wolf  Summit  Arch,  there  occurs  a group  of  18  to  20 
gas  wells  surrounding  West  Milford.  The  detailed  log  of 
G.  W.  Wolf  No.  1 well  (487)  from  this  group,  is  published  in 
connection  with  the  West  Milford  section,  page  100.  This 
well  had  been  abandoned  in  August,  1910,  and  at  that  time 
was  burning  in  a large  flame  from  the  well  mouth,  the  fire 
having  made  a considerable  excavation.  The  gas  comes  from 
the  Fifty-foot. 

The  following  record  is  from  another  gasser  in  this 
group,  located  0.3  mile  west  of  the  Wolf  well.  It  starts  16 
feet  by  hand-level  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed,  and  its 
record  serves  as  a check  on  the  correlations  of  the  West 
Milford  section,  page  100. 


Harvey  Heffner  No.  2038  Well  Record  (488). 


Located  in  Union  District,  0.5  mile  north  of  West  Milford.  Au- 
thority, Philadelphia  Company.  Completed  August  12,  1910. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1175'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  550  550 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (Burning  Springs) 86  636 

Unrecorded  104  740 

Sand,  Salt?  (Clarion) 25  765 

Unrecorded  55  820 

Salt  sand  (water,  995') 205  1025 

Unrecorded  125  1150 

Sand,  Maxton?  (Salt) 70  1220 

Unrecorded  208  1428 

Pencil  cave 12  1440 

Big  Lime 90  1530 

Big  Injun  sand 120  1650 

Squaw  sand 80  1730 

Unrecorded  260  1990 

Sand,  Thirty-foot  (50-ft.)  (gas,  2010') 80  2070 

Unrecorded  10  2080 

Sand,  Stray  (30-ft.) 16  2096 

Unrecorded  10  2106 

Sand,  Gordon  Stray 34  2140 

Unrecorded  120  2260 

Fourth  sand 6 2266 

Unrecorded  147  2413 

Fifth  sand 7 2420 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


479 


Thickness. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Slate  to  bottom 

19 

2439 

“Pressure  to  the  square  inch 

in  6%"  casing  (50-ft.  sand) : 

5th  minute,  8 lbs. 

30th  minute,  70  lbs. 

10th  minute,  16  lbs. 

Rock  pressure,  135  lbs. 

“Pressure  to  the  square  inch 

in  3"  tubing  (5th  sand?): 

1st  minute,  5 lbs. 

15th  minute,  110  lbs. 

5th  minute,  25  lbs. 

30th  minute,  230  lbs. 

10th  minute,  60  lbs. 

Rock  pressure  (24  hrs.),  800 

lbs. 

The  three  following  records  are  from  Union  district  wells, 
located  on  the  western  slope  of  the  Wolf  Summit  anticline. 
All  are  gassers  in  the  Fifth  sand,  and  at  other  higher  horizons 
in  the  Catskill  sandstone  series.  The  first  two  contain  inter- 
esting data  as  to  gas  pressure  in  this  locality: 


Nancy  Nicholson  No.  1979  Well  Record  (494). 

Located  in  Union  District,  1 y2  miles  S.  10°  W.  ot  Jarvisville. 
Authority,  Philadelphia  Company.  Completed  Nov.  22,  1909. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  1155'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  230  230 

Pittsburgh  coal 5 235 

Unrecorded  395  630 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 20  650 

Unrecorded  270  920 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard  (“Gas”) 70  990 

Unrecorded  64  1054 

Sand,  Salt  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt) 244  1298 

Unrecorded  56  1354 

Sand,  Maxton?  (Salt) 36  1390 

Unrecorded  250  1640 

Big  Lime 46  1686 

Big  Injun  sand 70  1756 

Unrecorded  358  2114 

Fifty-foot  sand 63  2177 

Thirty-foot  sand 20  2197 

Unrecorded  53  2250 

Gordon  Stray  sand 40  2290 

Unrecorded  20  2310 

Gordon  sand  (gas,  2354') 44  2354 

Unrecorded  4 2358 

Fourth  sand 36  2394 

Unrecorded  143  2537 

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2538') 6 2543 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 40  2583 

10"  casing,  236';  8*4"  casing,  1562';  6%"  casing,  2019';  3"  tubing 

<2589')? 

Pressure  test  to  the  square  inch  in  3"  tubing: 

1st  minute,  80  lbs.  15th  minute,  490  lbs. 

5th  minute,  240  lbs.  30th  minute,  620  lbs. 

10th  minute,  390  lbs.  Rock  pressure  (48  Hrs.),  780  lbs. 


480 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


I.  C.  Bennett  No.  1 Well  Record  (495). 


Located  in  Union  District,  1.5  miles 

south  of  Jarvisville. 

Author- 

ity,  Washington  Gas  Company. 

Thickness. 

Total. 

(Elevation,  1160'  B-A. 

T.) 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Unrecorded  

220 

220 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 

6 

226 

Unrecorded  

424 

650 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 

25 

675 

Unrecorded  

155 

830 

Sand,  “Gas”?  (Burning  Springs) 

25 

855 

Unrecorded  

55 

910 

Sand,  “Second  Gas”?  (“Gas”) 

1005 

Unrecorded  

45 

1050 

Sand,  First  Salt?  (II  Cow 

Run) 

20 

1070 

Unrecorded  

50 

1120 

Salt  sand . 

1160 

Unrecorded  

40 

1200 

Salt  sand 

160 

1360 

Unrecorded  

100 

1460 

Red  rock 

67 

1527 

Maxton  sand  (heavy  salt  water,  1545').. 

95 

1622 

Unrecorded  

5 

1627 

Big  Lime 

65 

1692 

Big  Injun  sand 

97 

1780 

Unrecorded  

231 

2020 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea)...., 

2045 

Unrecorded  

92 

2137 

Fifty-foot  sand 

23 

2160 

Unrecorded  

78 

2238 

Thirty-foot  sand 

17 

2255 

Unrecorded  

5 

2260 

Stray  sand 

2305 

Unrecorded  

10 

2315 

Gordon  sand  (gas,  2322').. 

74 

2389 

Unrecorded  

20 

, 2409 

Fourth  sand 

10 

2419 

Unrecorded  

125 

2544 

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2546') 

8 

2552 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 

9 

2561 

10"  casing,  320';  8}4" 

casing,  765'; 

6%"  casing,  1630';  5" 

casing. 

2356'. 

Rock  pressure  to  the  square  inch  in  Gordon  sand,  900  lbs. 
Rock  pressure  to  the  square  inch  in  Fifth  sand,  750  lbs. 


The  above  results  are  unusual,  in  that  the  deeper  sand 
usually  has  the  higher  rock  pressure..  The  exception  in  this 
case  is  no  doubt  largely  due  to  the  many  Fifth  sand  gassers 
to  the  north  and  eastward,  all  of  which  have  tended  to  lower 
the  original  pressure  at  this  horizon. 


and  Topography  of  Monongahela  series. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


481 


W.  B.  Brown  No.  1588  Well  Record  (496). 


Located  % mi.e  northwest  of  Tichenal,  Union  District.  Authority, 
Hope  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1170'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1696  1696 

Big  Injun  sand 104  1800 

Unrecorded,  gas  in  Gantz  and  Fifty-foot  sands 541  2341 

Sand,  Gordon?  (Fourth) 32  2373 

Unrecorded  21  2494 

Sand,  Fifth  (gas) 9 2503 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 10  2513 


The  well  starts  135  feet  by  aneroid  above  the  base  of 
the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed. 

One  mile  northwest  of  Goodhope,  there  is  found  one  of 
the  largest  gas  wells  ever  drilled  in  the  State.  This  is  the 
Jacob  McConkey  No.  1 well  (498),  the  detailed  record  of 
which,  including  volume  and  rock  pressure,  is  published  in 
connection  with  the  Goodhope  section,  page  103.  The  well 
is  located  slightly  over  a mile  west  of  the  axis  of  the  Wolf 
Summit  anticline. 

The  three  following  records  are  from  wells  located  a short 
distance  west  of  the  crest  of  the  above  mentioned  anticline, 
in  the  southeast  portion  of  Union  district : 


W.  S.  Burnside  No.  1 Well  Record  (500). 

Located  in  Union  District,  in  Goodhope.  Authority,  Hope  Natural 
Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1015'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  70  70 

Native  coal,  (Harlem) 4 74 

Unrecorded  91  165 

Coal  (Brush  Creek) 5 170 

Unrecorded  71  241 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (Big  Dunkard) 40  281 

Unrecorded  94  375 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (Burning  Springs) 23  398 

Unrecorded  107  505 

Coal,  (Lower  Kittanning) 2 507 

Unrecorded  5 512 

Gas?  sand  (Clarion) 60  572 

Unrecorded  35  607 

Sand,  First  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run) 55  662 

Coal,  (Tionesta) 2 664 


482 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Unrecorded  62  722 

Salt  sand 58  780 

Unrecorded  75  855 

Sand,  Maxton?  (Salt) 45  900 

Unrecorded  125  1025 

Red  rock 13  1038 

Unrecorded  124  1162 

Little  lime / 8 1170 

Pencil  cave 25  1195 

Big  Lime  (gas,  1210';  oil,  1212') 77  1272 

Big  Injun  sand. 


10"  casing,  349';  8 casing,  709';  6%"  casing,  1281'. 


The  well  starts  250  to  260  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal 

bed. 

William  Gaston  No.  1 Well  Record  (501). 


Located  in  Union  District,  2%  miles  southwest  of  Goodhope.  Au- 
thority, Hope  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1090'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1669  1669 

Big  Injun  sand 80  1749 

Unrecorded  (gas  in  Gantz  and  Stray  sands) 543  2292 

Gordon  sand 20  2312 

Unrecorded  103  2415 

Fifth  sand  (gas)  to  bottom 14 y2  2429^ 


The  well  starts  55  feet  above  the  base  of  the  Redstone 

coal. 


C.  C.  Tallman*  No.  1 Well  Record  (504). 


Located  in  Union  District,  at  Mineral. 
Gas  Company. 

(Elevation,  994'  L-A.  T.) 

Unrecorded  

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (Burning  Springs) 

Unrecorded  

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt) 

Unrecorded  

Big  Lime 

Big  Injun  sand 

Unrecorded  

Berea  sand 

Unrecorded  

Fifty-foot  sand  (gas,  1985') 

Unrecorded  


Authority,  Hope  Natural 

Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

575  575 

60  635 

205  840 

135  975 

490  1465 

80  1545 

90  1635 

175  1810 

25  1835 

130  1965 

25  1990 

25  2015 


*Vol.  I (A),  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey,  p.  333;  1904. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


483 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Sand,  Stray?  (30-ft.  and  Stray) 75  2090 

Unrecorded  10  2100 

Gordon  sand  (gas,  2120')...- 35  2135 

Unrecorded  175  2310 

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2315') 10  2320 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 65  2385 


The  well  starts  flush  with  the  base  of  the  Pittsburgh 
coal  bed. 

In  the  extreme  southeast  corner  of  the  district,  the  Hope 
Natural  Gas  Company  drilled  the  Arthur  Rhodes  No.  2 well 
(506),  in  which  gas  is  reported  in  the  Gantz  sand.  The  weli 
starts  25  feet  below  the  Ames  limestone,  and  its  brief  record 
is  given  in  the  table  of  wells  for  Harrison  county. 

Prospective  Oil  and  Gas  Territory,  Union  District. — 

While  a large  number  of  wells  have  been  drilled  in  Union 
district,  yet,  there  still  remains  a large  acreage  that  would 
warrant  further  test  wells.  This  is  especially  true  as  regards 
gas,  since  the  central  and  eastern  portions  of  the  district  occu- 
pies a high  structural  level  as  compared  to  the  western  bor- 
der of  Harrison  county.  (1)  That  portion  of  the  district 
immediately  northeast  of  Benson  and  northwest  of  the  J.  M. 
Hall  No.  1 well  (522)  may  hold  the  connecting  pool  to  the 
Fifth  sand  oil  field  on  the  head-waters  of  Tanner  fork  of 
Kincheloe  creek;  (2)  that,  along  the  line  joining  Frank  C. 
Curry  No.  1 well  (518),  1.3  miles  southeast  of  Big  Isaac,  to 
the  J.  T.  Somerville  No.  2 well  (313),  0.5  mile  northeast  of 
Big  Isaac,  appears  good  for  gas  with  a chance  of  Fifth  sand 
oil;  (3)  that,  southwestward  from  Isaacs  creek  to  Kincheloe 
creek,  and  eastward  to  the  West  Fork  river  from  the  1000- 
foot  contour  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed  as  outlined  on  the 
map,  for  gas  in  the  Fifty-foot,  Gordon,  and  Fifth  sands; 
(4)  that,  north  and  northeast  of  Tichenal  to  Buffalo  creek, 
for  gas  at  the  same  horizons;  (5)  that,  southward  along  the 
axis  of  the  Wolf  Summit  anticline  as  outlined  on  the  economic 
geology  map  accompanying  this  report  from  Sycamore  creek 
to  its  first  intersection  with  West  Fork  river,  for  gas;  and 
(6)  all  that  portion  of  the  district  east  of  a north  and  south 
line  through  West  Milford,  for  gas. 


484 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


EAGLE  DISTRICT. 

Eagle  district  occupies  the  north  central  portion  of 
Harrison  county,  and  its  area  is  traversed  in  a northeast- 
southwest  direction  by  the  Wolf  Summit  anticline,  the  latter 
fold  therein  having  more  or  less  of  a dome  structure.  Its 
northwest  corner  reaches  almost  to  the  axis  of  the  Robinson 
Basin,  while  its  extreme  eastern  point  barely  reaches  the  axis 
of  the  Shinnston  Basin.  A glance  at  the  structure  map 
accompanying  this  report  will  show  that  much  relief  prevails 
in  the  district,  in  that  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed  has  been  ele- 
vated by  the  Wolf  Summit  Arch  from  175  feet  above  tide 
2 miles  west  of  Margaret,  to  1175  feet  above  tide,  2 miles 
westward  from  Lumberport,  or  a range  in  elevation  of  1000 
feet;  hence,  conditions  are  ideal  from  a structure  standpoint 
for  the  segregation  of  its  oil  and  gas  into  pools  of  commer- 
cial value. 

Five  separate  oil  pools  occur  in  the  district,  two  of  which 
are  in  the  Fourth  sand,  one  in  the  Gordon ; one  in  the  Gordon 
Stray,  and  the  other  in  the  Thirty-foot  sand.  One  of  the 
Fourth  sand  pools  is  located  one  mile  west  of  Shinnston,  and 
the  other,  near  the  head  of  Lambert  run.  The  Gordon  pool 
is  located  in  the  northwestern  corner  of  the  district;  the 
Thirty-foot  pool  near  Margaret,  and  the  Gordon  Stray,  south 
and  east  of  Margaret. 

A great  gas  field  at  several  different  horizons  occurs  along 
the  crest  of  the  Wolf  Summit  anticline,  and  2 to  4 miles 
down  the  adjacent  slopes  of  the  latter  fold.  The  oil  and 
gas  development  in  the  district  will  now  be  considered  from 
the  northwest  to  southeast. 

In  the  northwest  corner  of  Eagle  district,  there  occurs 
a pool  of  35  to  40  Gordon  sand  oil  wells.  The  seven  follow- 
ing records  are  from  wells  in  this  locality: 

H.  S.  Davis  No.  1 Well  Record  (532). 

Located  in  Eagle  District,  1^4  miles  N.  80°  W.  of  Margaret.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  July  6,  1904. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1140'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  865  865 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 5 870 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  485 

Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  420  1290 

Sand,  Dunkard?  (I  Cow  Run)  (oil,  1306') 61  1351 

Unrecorded  360  1711 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run  and  Sa  t) 214  1925 

Unrecorded  75  2000 

JVlaxton  sand 20  2020 

Unrecorded  80  2100 

Big  Lime 50  2150 

Big  Injun  sand 109  2259 

Unrecorded  501  2760 

Fifty-foot  sand 20  2780 

Unrecorded  60  2840 

Thirty-foot  sand 30  2870 

Unrecorded  50  2920 

Sand,  Stray  (Gordon  Stray) 53  2973 

Unrecorded  15  2988 

Sand,  Gordon  (oil,  3003')  and  unrecorded  to  bottom 24  3012 


10"  casing,  356';  8*4"  casing,  1457';  6%"  casing,  1926';  5&"  casing, 
2845'. 

In  addition  to  a Gordon  sand  production,  a showing  of 
oil  is  reported  in  the  1 Cow  Run  sand. 


Simon  S.  Shriver  No.  2 Well  Record  (533). 

Located  in  Eagle  District,  1.1  miles  west  of  Margaret.  Authority, 
South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  Nov.  15,  1904. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  1160'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  860  860 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 5 865 

Unrecorded  500  1365 

Sand,  Dunkard  (Big  Dunkard) 105  1470 

Unrecorded  330  1800 

Salt  sand 200  2000 

Unrecorded  85  2085 

Big  Lime 40  2125 

Big  Injun  sand 115  2240 

Unrecorded  510  2750 

Fifty-foot  sand 35  2785 

Unrecorded  : 90  2875 

Stray  sand 70  2945 

Unrecorded  9 2954 

Gordon  sand  (oil,  2962') 44  2998 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 28  3026 

Conductor,  16';  10"  casing,  270';  8^"  casing,  1282';  6%"  casing, 
2508'. 

J.  E.  Copenhaver  No.  1 Well  Record  (534). 


Located  in  Eagle  District,  % mile  S.  70°  W.  of  Margaret.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  March  13,  1904. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1160'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1080  1080 


486 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 

1085 

Unrecorded  

475 

1560 

Sand,  Dunkard  (Big  Dunkard) . 

56 

1616 

Unrecorded  

1965 

Sand,  Salt 

80 

2045 

Unrecorded  

2265 

Big  Lime 

80 

2345 

Sand,  Big  Injun 

100 

2445 

Unrecorded  

490 

2935 

Sand,  Fifty-foot?  (3C-ft.) 

25 

2960 

Unrecorded  

3100 

Stray  sand 

3150 

Unrecorded  

10 

3160 

Gordon  sand  (gas,  3183') 

28 

3188 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 

49 

3237 

10"  casing,  336';  814"  casing,  1866';  6%"  casing,  2759'. 

Cena  Copenhaver  No.  1 

Well  Record  (540). # 

Located  in  Eagle  District, 

1 mile  southwest  of  Margaret. 

Author- 

ity,  South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Completed  May  23,  1908. 

Thickness. 

Tota). 

(Elevation,  1135'  B-A.  T.) 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Unrecorded  

750 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 

5 

755 

Unrecorded  

349 

1104 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (Moundsville  and  I Cow  Run)...  116 

1220 

Unrecorded  

60 

1280 

Big  Dunkard  sand 

20 

1300 

Unrecorded  

1500 

Sand,  Gas?  (II  Cow  Run)  (gas  pay, 

1600'-1604'  to  bot- 

tom  

104 

1604 

Conductor,  8';  10"  casing,  170';  814"  casing,  1288'. 
“Gas  test,  18/10  water  in  8 *4"  casing.” 


This  test  is  equivalent  to  a gas  volume  of  3,400,000  cubic 
feet  daily  from  the  II  Cow  Run  sand,  the  largest  flow  ob- 
served at  this  horizon  in  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area. 


C.  L.  Starkey  No.  1 Well  Record  (541). 


Located  in  Eag^e  District,  1%  miles  southwest  of  Margaret.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  June  23,  1909. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1105'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  (steel  line) 770  770 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 6 776 

Unrecorded  418  1194 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 26  1221) 

Unrecorded  65  1285 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY.  487 

Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

Big  Dunkard  sand 50  1335 

Unrecorded  300  1635 

Salt  sand 225  1860 

Unrecorded  55  1915 

Maxton  sand 25  1940 

Unrecorded  30  1970 

Big  Lime 20  1990 

Unrecorded  60  2050 

Big  Injun  sand 120  2170 

Unrecorded  468  2638 

Fifty-foot  sand  (gas,  2652') 42  2680 

Unrecorded  55  2735 

Thirty-foot  sand 20  2755 

Unrecorded  54  2809 

Stray  sand 57  2866 

Unrecorded  10  2876 

Gordon  sand 39  2915 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 91  3006 


Conductor,  12';  10"  casing,  147';  8%"  casing,  1285';  6%"  casing, 
2010';  5TV'  casing,  2665'. 

(Enoch)  C.  L.  Starkey  No.  2 Well  Record  (542). 

Located  in  Eagle  District,  1.5  miles  southwest  of  Margaret.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Unrecorded  1079  1079 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 3 1082 

Unrecorded  1237  2319 

Big  Lime 44  2363 

Big  Injun  sand 117  2480 

Unrecorded  628  3108 

Stray  sand 52  3160 

Unrecorded  . /. 18  3178 

Gordon  sand  (oil  pay,  3196') 39  3217 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 13  3230 


(H.  S.)  Sarah  Davis  No.  1 Well  Record  (543). 


Located  in  Eagle  District,  1.5  miles  southwest  of  Margaret.  Au- 
thority, Carnegie  Natural  Gas  Company. 


(Elevation,  1270'  B-A.  T.) 

Unrecorded  

Coal,  Pittsburgh 

Unrecorded  

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  2240') 

10"  casing,  160';  8V±"  casing,  1385'; 
2269'. 


Thickness. 

Feet. 

860 

5 

1365 

6%"  casing,  2205';  3" 


Total. 

Feet. 

860 

865 

2230 


tubing, 


“Rock  pressure,  500  lbs  to  the  square  inch.” 


488 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


The  two  following  records  are  from  the  Thirty-foot  sand 
pool  at  Margaret  and  to  the  northeast  in  the  edge  of  Marion 
county : 

Serena  Wyer  No.  1 Well  Record  (535). 

Located  in  Eagle  District,  at  Margaret.  Authority,  South  Penn 
Oil  Company.  Completed  Sept.  13,  1909. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1025'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  595  595 

Coal,  Pittsburgh  (steel  line) 6 601 

Unrecorded  279  980 

Sand,  Litt’e  Dunkard  (Grafton) 26  1006 

Unrecorded  19  1025 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (I  Cow  Run) 25  1050 

Unrecorded  500  1550 

Salt  sand 35  1685 

Unrecorded  85  1770 

Maxton  sand 25  1795 

Unrecorded  67  1862 

Big  Lime 51  1913 

Big  Injun  sand 125  2038 

Unrecorded  479  2517 

Fifty-foot  sand 36  2553 

Unrecorded  36  2589 

Thirty-foot  sand  (oil  pay,  2590') 8 2607 

Unrecorded  69  2676 

Stray  sand 76  2732 

Unrecorded  10  2742 

Gordon  sand 40  2782 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 7 2789 


10"  casing,  212';  8%"  casing,  1030';  6%"  casing,  1872';  5^"  casing, 
2519'. 


Isabel  Moore  No,  1 Well  Record  (537). 


Located  y2  mile  east  of  Margaret  in  Mannington  District,  Marion 
County.  Authority,  Carnegie  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1065'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  617  617 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 6 623 

Unrecorded  1295  1918 

Big  Injun  sand 142  2060 

Unrecorded  380  2440 

Gantz  sand 30  2470 

Unrecorded  80  2550 

Fifty-foot  sand 30  2580 

Unrecorded  37  2617 

Thirty-foot  sand  (oil) 13  2630 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 10  2640 


10"  casing,  230';  8*4"  casing,  1070';  6%"  casing,  1870'. 
“Initial  production,  5 barrels  daily  from  30ft.” 

! 

u. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


489 


The  two  following  records  are  from  wells  in  the  Gordon 
Stray  sand  a short  distance  east  and  south  from  Margaret: 


L.  V.  Morris  No.  1 Well  Record  (536). 

Located  in  Eagle  District,  y2  mile  southeast  of  Margaret.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1030'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  885  885 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (Grafton) 25  910 

Unrecorded  105  1015 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (I  Cow  Run) 15  1030 

Unrecorded  270  1300 

Gas  sand 80  1380 

Unrecorded  85  1405 

Salt  sand 180  1645 

Unrecorded  83  1728 

Maxton  sand 22  1750 

Unrecorded  50  1800 

Little  lime 15  1815 

Unrecorded  5 1820 

Big  Lime 36  1856 

Big  Injun  sand 145  2001 

Unrecorded  471  2472 

Fifty-foot  sand 13  2485 

Unrecorded  67  2552 

Thirty-foot  sand 13'] 

Unrecorded  23  }-“30-ft.” 58  2610 

Bou’der  sand 22  J 

Unrecorded  20  2630 

Stray  sand  (oil,  2559') 55  2685 

Unrecorded  6 2691 

Gordon  sand 19  2710 

Unrecorded  50  2760 

Fourth  sand 10  2770 

Unrecorded  112  2882 

Fifth  sand 6 2888 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 172  3060 


The  oil  sand  in  the  above  well  comes  over  70  feet  deeper 
below  the  top  of-  the  Big  Injun  sand  than  the  oil  sand  in  the 
Wyer  and  Moore  wells  (535  and  537)  given  above;  hence, 
the  pay  streak  occurs  in  the  Gordon  Stray. 


Sarah  A.  Baker  No.  1 Well  Record  (539). 

Located  in  Eagle  District,  1.1  miles  S.  30°  W.  of  Margaret.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  April  1,  1909. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1300'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  858  858 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 4 862 


490 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 


Unrecorded  

Feet. 
346 

Feet. 

1208 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (Moundsville) 

20 

1228 

Unrecorded  

72 

1300 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (I  Cow 

Run) 

13 

1313 

Unrecorded  

367 

1680 

Sand,  Salt?  (11  Cow  Run  and 

Sat) 

280 

1960 

Unrecorded  

120 

2080 

Maxton  sand 

2090 

Unrecorded  

2110 

Big  Lime 

2170 

Big  Injun  sand . . . 

2315 

Unrecorded  

542 

2857 

Thirty-foot  sand 

12 

2869 

Unrecorded  

76 

2945 

Stray  sand  (oil  pay,  2865') . . 

2983 

Unrecorded  

2987 

Sand,  Gordon 

Unrecorded  

, 7'  j 

9 j-  (Gordon)  

26 

3013 

Sand,  Second  Gordon 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 

10  J 

3290 

Conductor,  16';  10"  casing,  150';  8^"  casing,  1313';  6%"  casing, 
2100';  5 Ty'  casing,  2869'. 


The  rocks  rise  very  rapidly  southeastward  from  Margaret 
on  the  western  slope  of  the  Wolf  Summit  anticline;  hence, 
on  Bingamon  creek,  in  the  region  of  Grangeville,  there  occurs 
a great  gas  field  in  several  different  sands.  The  six  following 
records  of  wells  in  Eagle  district  on  the  waters  of  Bingamon 
creek,  give  much  valuable  data  as  to  volume,  pressure,  and 
gas  horizons : 


Daniel  F.  Cunningham  No.  1 Well  Record  (544). 


Located  in  Eagle  District,  1 % miles  east  of  Margaret.  Authority, 
South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  May  30,  1904. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1010'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  .782  782 

Coal,  Pittsburgh  (steel  line) 5 787 

Unrecorded  463  1250 

Sand,  Dunkard  (Big  Dunkard) 100  1350 

Unrecorded  330  1680 

Salt  sand 100  1780 

Unrecorded  225  2005 

Big  Lime 65  2070 

Big  Injun  sand 110  2180 

Unrecorded  500  2680 

Fifty-foot  sand 20  2700 

Unrecorded  76  2776 

Stray  sand 84  2860 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


491 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Unrecorded  6 2866 

Gordon  sand  (gas,  2902') 100  296fr 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 406  3372 


10"  casing,  281';  8^4"  casing,  1186';  6%"  casing,  2192'. 

B.  F.  Griffin  No.  1 Well  Record  (551). 

Located  in  Eagle  District,  % mile  south  of  Grangeville.  Authority, 
Carnegie  Natural  Gas  Company.  Completed  April  19,  1910. 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Unrecorded  485  485 

Pittsburgh  coal 10  495 

Unrecorded  1305  1800 

Big  Injun  sand 150  1950 

Unrecorded  310  2260 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea) 30  2290 

Unrecorded  108  2398 

Fifty-foot  sand  (gas,  2397') 45  2443 

Unrecorded  33  247& 

Thirty-foot  sand  (gas,  2377') 15  2491 


10"  casing,  500';  S1/^"  casing,  1006';  6%"  casing,  1400'. 

“Pressure,  open  flow:  0.4"  mercury  in  6%"  pipe.” 

The  pressure  test  shows  the  well  to  have  a volume  of 
3,850,000  cubic  feet  daily. 

Daniel  E.  Shaw  No.  1 Well  Record  (552). 

Located  in  Eagle  District,  1%  miles  southeast  of  Margaret.  Au- 
thority, Carnegie  Natural  Gas  Company.  Completed  Jan.  25,  1909. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1285'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  670  670 

Pittsburgh  coal 8 678 

Unrecorded  1283  1961 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1973',  1991',  and  2438') 135  2096 

Unrecorded  477  2573 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Fifty-foot)  (gas,  2610') 52  2625 

Unrecorded  23  2648 

Sand,  Fifty-foot?  (Thirty-foot) 22  2670 

Unrecorded  25  2695 

Gordon  Stray  sand 112  2807 

Gordon  sand 33  2840 

Unrecorded  15  2855 

Fourth  sand 8 2863 

Unrecorded  117  2980 

Fifth  sand  to  bottom 6 2986 


10  ' casing,  310';  casing,  1164';  6%"  casing,  1939';  3"  tubing, 
1956'. 

Pressure  to  the  square  inch  in  3"  tubing:  1st  minute,  75  lbs.;  rock 
pressure,  -650  lbs. 


492 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


The  gas  pay  at  2610  feet  occurs  in  the  Fifty-foot  instead 
of  the  Gantz  as  given  by  the  driller,  since  the  former  sand 
belongs  450  to  480  feet  below  the  Big  Injun  sand. 


Odell  V.  Ashcraft  No.  2117  Well  Record  (555). 


Located  in  Eagle  District,  1%  miles  west  of  Sturms  Mill.  Au- 
thority, Philadelphia  Company.  Completed  Sept.  26,  1906. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1170'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  280  280 

Pittsburgh  coal 8 288 

Unrecorded  1312  1600 

Big  Lime 65  1665 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1775';  break,  1765'-1770') 125  1790 

Unrecorded  410  2200 

Fifty-foot  sand 50  2250 

Unrecorded  220  2470 

Gordon  sand 15  2485 

Unrecorded  5 2490 

Fourth  sand 15  2505 

Unrecorded  (gas,  2537') 146  2651 

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2654') 3 2654 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 62  2716 

10"  casing,  320';  8%"  casing,  1065';  6%"  casing,  1615';  3"  casing, 
2227'. 

“Pressure  test  to  the  square  inch  in  (3"?)  pipe: 

1st  % minute,  25  lbs.  10th  minute,  170  lbs. 

1st  minute,  40  lbs.  15th  minute,  230  lbs. 

2nd  minute,  60  lbs.  30th  minute,  340  lbs. 

5th  minute,  110  lbs.  Rock  pressure,  670  lbs. 


Wm.  Chalfant  No.  1878  Well  Record  (559). 


Located  in  Eagle  District,  *4  mile  south  of  Peora.  Authority, 
Philadelphia  Company.  (Elevation,,  1190'  L-A.T.).  2536  ft.  of  3" 

tubing. 

Pressure  to  the  sq.  inch  in  3"  tubing  on  Aug.  4,  1910: 

1st  y2  minute,  15  lbs.  10th  minute,  130  lbs. 

1st  minute,  25  lbs.  15th  minute,  167  lbs. 

2nd  minute,  43  lbs.  30th  minute,  225  lbs. 

5th  minute,  83  lbs.  Rock  pressure,  355  lbs. 


The  writer  failed  to  obtain  the  log  of  this  well,  but  the 
Pittsburgh  coal  belongs  at  about  150  feet  in  depth  in  the 
well,  which,  along  with  the  length  (2536  feet)  of  3"  tubing 
used,  is  evidence  that  the  test  is  for  Fifth  sand  gas.  It  is  also 
reported  a gasser  in  the  Big  Injun. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


493 


James  Coffman  No.  1 Well  Record  (564). 


Located  in  Eagle  District,  2 miles  N.  85°  W.  of  Peora.  Anthority, 
Fairmont  and  Grafton  Gas  Company. 

Thickness  Total 


(Elevation,  1085'  B-A.T.  Feet.  Feet. 

{Unrecorded  97  97 

Pittsburgh  coal  and  unrecorded 1419  1516 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1520') 42  1558 

Unrecorded  292  1850 

Berea  sand,  grayish  white  (gas,  1852') 2 1852 

Unrecorded  116  1968 

Fifty-foot  sand  (shell)  and  unrecorded 337  2306 

Fourth  sand 16  2321 

Unrecorded  (no  Fifth  sand) 147  2478 

Sand,  Bayard?  (Fifth)  (gas,  2480') 7 2485 


“Sand,  dark  and  full  of  white  pebbles.  Drilled  to  2808  feet,  but 
found  no  more  sand  below  the  Bayard.  The  formation  was  composed 
of  white  and  black  slate  and  a few  thin  limy  shells.  Small  gas  well; 
good  for  a million  feet.” 

The  record  and  data  are  republished  from  page  328  of 
Vol.  1(A)  of  the  State  Survey  reports  to  correct  errors  of 
correlation.  The  true  Bayard  sand  belongs  100  feet  lower 
than  the  sand  at  2478  feet;  hence,  the  latter  represents  the 
Fifth  sand.  This  well  has  been  drilled  several  years  as  is 
evident  from  the  last  sentence  of  the  above  quotation. 


J.  B.  Cunningham  No.  1 Well  Record  (563). 


Located  in  Eagle  District,  0.9  mile  southwest  of  Wyatt.  Authority, 
T.  B.  Peddicord,  Foreman,  Fairmont  & Grafton  Gas  Company.  Com- 


pleted about  1890. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  1000'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Slate  and  lime 140  140 

Slate  60  200 

Red  rock  (Pittsburgh) 100  300 

Slate  40  340 

Gray  sand,  Little  Dunkard?  salt  water  (Moundsville) . . . 50  390 

Slate  32  422 

Sand,  (Big  Dunkard) 130  552 

Slate  136  688 

White  sand  (Gas  sand) 78  766 

Coal,  (Clarion) 8 774 

Slate 26  800 

Sand,  (II  Cow  Run) 35  835 

Slate  40  875 

Sand,  (Salt) 191  1066 

Slate  4 1070 

Sand  20  1090 


494 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 


Feet.  Feet. 

Slate  32  1122 

Sand  38  1160 

Red  rock 85  1245 

White  slate 8 1253 

Lime,  (Big  Lime) 112  1365 

Sand  65'] 

Slate 37  }■  (Big  Injun) 124  1489 

Sand,  “Mannington  Oil” 22  j 

Slate  359  1848 

Sand,  (Berea) 8 1856 

Slate  44  1900 

Sahd  (Gantz) 18  1918 

Slate  2 1920 

Sand,  hard  (Fifty-foot) 48  1968 

Slate  20  1988 

Sand  12  2000 

Black  sand  and  slate 35  2035 

Red  rock  23  2058 

Sand,  white,  (Thirty-foot  gas) 32  2090 

Red  rock  70  2160 

Sand,  gray,  (Gordon  Stray) 13  2173 

Black  slate 16  2189 

Gordon  sand  (big  gas) 11  2200 

Slate  15  2215 

Gray  sand  (Fourth) 13  2228 

Slate  to  bottom 148  2376 


“Producing  in  August,  1904,  (13  or  14  years  after  completion), 
300,000  cu.  ft.  of  gas  daily.  Rock  pressure,  same  .date,  450  lbs.” 

The  well  starts  10  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal.  The 
identifications  in  parentheses  are  by  the  writer. 

Jones  creek  flows  in  a southeast  direction  almost  entirely 
across  Eagle  district,  and  intersects  the  Wolf  Summit  anti- 
cline near  the  summit  of  the  structural  dome  rn  this  fold ; 
hence,  the  area  drained  by  this  stream  is  a great  gas  field  on 
which  a large  number  of  producing  wells  have  already  been 
drilled.  The  seven  following  records  from  wells  on  this  creek, 
give  much  valuable  data : 


Harriet  A.  Michael  No.  2342  Well  Record  (565). 


. Located  in  Eagle  District,  2.3  miles  southwest  of  Grangeville. 
Authority,  Philadelphia  Company.  Completed  May  16,  1910. 

Thickness  Total 


(Elevation,  1160'  B-A.T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  562  562 

Coal,  Freeport?  (Pittsburgh) 6 568 

Unrecorded  662  1230 

Sand,  Salt 35  1265 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


495 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Unrecorded  50  1315 

Salt  sand  130  1445 

Unrecorded  30  1475 

Salt  sand  (water,  1510'). 150  1625 

Unrecorded  2l0  1835 

Big  Lime  63  1808 


Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1898')  and  unrecorded  to  bottom..  112  2010 

10"  casing,  209';  S1/^"  casing,  1130';  6%"  casing,  1863';  3"  tubing, 
2004'. 

Pressure  in  lbs.  to  the  sq.  inch: 

May  16,  1910,  in  6%"  casing.  Nov.  1,  1910,  in  3"  tubing. 


1st  l/2 

minute, 

20  lbs. 

1st  % 

minute, 

180 

lbs. 

1st 

minute, 

40  lbs. 

1st 

minute, 

260 

lbs. 

2nd 

minute, 

85  lbs. 

5th 

minute, 

390 

lbs. 

5th 

minute, 

180  lbs. 

10th 

minute, 

405 

lbs. 

10  th 

minute, 

253  lbs. 

20th 

minute, 

415 

lbs. 

15th 

minute, 

285  lbs. 

30th 

minute, 

425 

lbs. 

30th 

minute. 

315  lbs. 

Rock  pressure, 

455 

lbs. 

Rock  pressure, 

340  lbs. 

B.  F.  Heldreth  No.  1 Well  Record  (568). 


Located  in  Eagle  District,  2 miles 
Authority,  Carnegie  Natural  Gas  Company. 

(Elevation,  1080'  B-A.T.) 

Unrecorded  

Pittsburgh  coal  

Unrecorded  

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1672'-1678') 

10"  casing,  376';  8 1/4"  casing,  1620'; 
300  lbs. 


northwest  of  Jimtown. 
Completed  Dec.  31,  1908. 
Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 

340  340 

5 345 

1315  1660 

•.  . 35  1695 

rock  pressure  in  4"  pipe, 


J.  A.  Harbert  No.  2142  Well  Record  (569). 


Located  in  Eag’e  District,  1.5  miles  northwest  of  Jimtown. 
Authority,  Phi’adelphia  Company.  Completed  May  18,  1907. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1025'  B-A.T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  160  160 

Coal,  Mapletown?  (Redstone) 4 164 

Unrecorded  21  185 

Coal,  Pittsburgh  7 192 

Unrecorded  358  550 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (Moundsville) 45  595 

Unrecorded  117  712 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard 50  762 

Unrecorded  118  880 

Sand,  Salt?  (“Gas") 73  953 

Unrecorded  55  1008 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt) 152  1260 

Unrecorded  30  1290 

Salt  sand  (coal,  1334'-1337'?) 54  1344 


49G 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Big  Lime  

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1555') 


Thirty-foot  sand  (gas,  2216') 

Unrecorded  

Gordon  Stray  sand 

Unrecorded  

Gordon  sand  (gas,  2380') 

Unrecorded  

Fourth  sand  


10"  casing,  193';  8*4  " casing,  1280'; 
2630'. 


hickness. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

1472 

. . 67 

1539 

. . 76 

1615 

. . 505 

2120 

2150 

2212 

. . 22 

2234 

2250 

2273 

2283 

2400 

2415 

2450 

..  125 

2575 

2578 

1518';  4" 

casing. 

G.  M.  Martin  No.  1 Well  Record  (571). 


Located  in  Eagle  District,  1 mile  northwest  of  Jimtown.  Authority, 
Carnegie  Natural  Gas  Company.  Completed  Nov.  26,  1909. 


Thickness. 

Total. 

(Elevation,  1065' 

B-A.T.) . 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Unrecorded  

118 

Pittsburgh  coal  . . . . , 

....  6 

124 

Unrecorded  

....1341 

1465 

Big  Injun  sand 

. ...  110 

1575 

Unrecorded  

365 

1940 

Sand,  Fifty-foot?  (Gantz) 

1995 

Unrecorded  

2055 

Sand,  Thirty-foot  . . . . 

2125 

Unrecorded  

95 

2220 

Sand,  Gordon  Stray? 

(Gordon) 

. . ..  55 

2275 

Unrecorded  

2285 

Sand,  Gordon?  (gas, 
Unrecorded  

Fourth  sand  

2315',  steel  line) . 

. .40'  1 

..  7 (4th) 

..  8 j 

..  . 55 

2340 

Unrecorded  

. . . . 47 

2387 

B.  F.  Rogers  No.  1788  Well  Record  (572). 


Located  in  Eagle  District,  at  Jimtown.  Authority,  Philadelphia 
Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1005'  B-A.T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  (no  coal) 275  275 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (Moundsville) 40  315 

Unrecorded  275  690 

Sand,  Salt  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt) 290  980 

Unrecorded  325  1305 

Big  Injun  sand  (little  gas,  1355') 100  1405 

Unrecorded  645  2050 


PLATE  XVI. — Effect  of  Shot  on  the  Paugh  gas  well  (704)  in  Fifth 
sand,  located  two  miles  S.  E.  of  Byron.  Dry  sand  loosened 
by  the  Shot  is  being  blown  out  with  the  gas. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 


497 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Gordon  Stray  sand 20  2070 

Unrecorded  36  2106 

Gordon  sand  (little  gas,  2118') 24  2130 


The  well  starts  50  to  60  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal. 


Ellis  R.  Fortney  No.  1 Well  Record  (582). 

Located  in  Eagle  District,  1.5  miles  northwest  of  Lumberport.  Au- 
thority, Eagle  District  Gas  Company.  Completed  August,  1910. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  975'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1170  1170 

Big  Lime 55  1225 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1280') 100  1325 

Unrecorded  425  1750 

Fifty-foot  sand 40  1790 

Unrecorded  60  1850 

Thirty-foot  sand 30  1880 

Unrecorded  145  2025 

Sand,  Gordon  Stray?  (Gordon)  (gas,  2040') 35  2060 

Unrecorded  10  2070 

Sand,  Gordon?  (Fourth) 20  2090 

Unrecorded  110  2200 

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2207') 10  2210 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 83  2293 


10"  casing,  220';  6%"  casing,  1225';  3"  tubing,  2295'. 

The  well  starts  about  175  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal, 
and  is  reported  as  producing  1,400,000  cu.  ft.  daily.  The  gas 
at  2040  feet  is  in  the  Gordon,  and  not  the  Gordon  Stray,  since 
the  former  comes  in  this  region  775  to  800  feet  below  the  top 
of  the  Big  Injun  and  about  280  feet  below  the  top  of  the 
Fifty-foot  sand.  The  boring  is  nearly  on  the  crest  of  the 
Wolf  Summit  Arch. 


Fletcher  Robinson  No.  1 Well  Record  (583). 

Located  in  Eagle  District,  1 mile  southeast  of  Jimtown.  Authority, 
Lumberport  Gas  Company.  Completed  Jan  8,  1910. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  985'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  230  230 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (Moundsville) 40  270 

Unrecorded  80  350 

Big  Dunkard  sand 105  455 

Unrecorded  55  510 

Gas  sand 50  560 

Unrecorded  70  630 

Sand,  First  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run) 70  700 


498 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Coal,  (Tionesta) 10  710 

Unrecorded  10  720 

Second  Salt  sand 155  875 

Unrecorded  65  940 

Maxton  sand 25  965 

Unrecorded  125  1090 

Little  lime  35  1125 

Pencil  cave 25  1150 

Big  Lime  95  1245 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas  25/10  in  water  in  2"  pipe,  1320')..  75  1320 

Unrecorded  15  1335 

Sand,  Squaw  (Big  Injun) 20  1355 

Unrecorded  70  1425 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Squaw) 35  1460 

Unrecorded  80  1540 

Berea  sand  50  1590 

Unrecorded  50  1640 

Sand,  Fifty-foot?  (Gantz) 80  1720 

Unrecorded  40  1760 

Sand,  Thirty-foot?  (Fifty-foot)  (gas,  1770') 45  1805 

Unrecorded  140  1945 

Gordon  Stray  sand 30  1975 

Unrecorded  20  1995 

Gordon  sand  (gas,  2025') 55  2050 

Unrecorded  139  2189 

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2190') 29  2218 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 99  2317 

Unrecorded  to  bottom .99  2317 


10"  casing,  168';  8"  casing,  830';  6%"  casing,  1213';  3"  tubing, 
2312'  set  on  bottom. 


The  well  starts  140  to  150  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal. 

The  waters  of  Little  Tenmile.  and  Tenmile  creeks  drain 
the  southwest  border  of  Eagle  district,  and  in  this  portion 
of  the  latter  area  there  occur  many  fine  gas  wells  in  the  Big 
Injun,  Fifty-foot,  Gordon,  Fourth  and  Fifth  sands.  The  six 
following  records  from  this  locality,  scattered  from  Dola  to 
Lumberport,  give  valuable  data  as  to  their  pressure  and 
volume,  and  the  oil  and  gas  horizons  therein : 

R.  M.  Rogers  No.  2293  Well  Record  (575). 

Located  in  Eagle  District,  0.4  mile  southeast  of  Dola.  Authority, 
Philadelphia  Company.  Completed  Sept.  4,  1909. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1005'  B-A.T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  (no  coals) 460  460 

Sand,  Little  Dninkard  (Big  Dunkard) 53  513 

Unrecorded  127  640 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  499 

Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

Gas  sand  60  700 

Unrecorded  20  720 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt) 255  975 

Unrecorded  305  1280 

Big  Lime  102  1382 

Sand,  Big  Injun  gas 100  1482 

Unrecorded  493  1975 

Thirty-foot  sand  55  2030 

Unrecorded  135  2165 

Fourth  sand  70  2235 

Unrecorded  129  2364 

Fifth  sand  (gas) 7 2371 

10"  casing,  5224';  814"  casing,  1019';  6%"  casing,  1286';  3"  tubing, 

2369'. 


“Pressure  to  the  sq.  inch  in  Big  Injun  and  5th  sands: 


ep.  6, 

1909,  in  6%": 

Sep.  6, 

1909,  in  3' 

' tubing: 

1st 

y2  minute, 

10 

lbs. 

1st 

y2  minute, 

30 

lbs. 

1st 

minute, 

20 

lbs. 

1st 

minute, 

50 

lbs. 

5th 

minute. 

60 

lbs. 

5th 

minute, 

130 

lbs. 

10th 

minute. 

140 

lbs. 

10th 

minute, 

220 

lbs. 

15th 

minute, 

180 

lbs. 

60th 

minute, 

625 

lbs. 

30th 

minute, 

250 

lbs. 

Rock 

pressure, 

780 

lbs. 

Rock 

pressure, 

460 

lbs. 

The  well  starts  85  feet,  aneroid,  below  the  Pittsburgh 
coal. 


C.  D.  Robinson  No.  2157  Well  Record  (578). 

Located  in  Eagle  District,  2 miles  southwest  of  Dumberport. 
Authority,  Philadelphia  Company.  Well  completed  April  17,  1907. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1010'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  330  330 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 20  350 

Unrecorded  15  365 

Big  Dunkard  sand  130  495 

Unrecorded  60  555 

Sand,  Salt?  (Gas  sand)  (gas,  630')  135  690 

Unrecorded  20  710 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt)  155  865 

Unrecorded  360  1225 

Big  Lime  60  1285 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1333')  80  1365 

Unrecorded  471  1836 

Fifty-foot  sand  61  1897 

Unrecorded  185  2082 

Gordon  sand  (gas,  2101') 27  2109 

Unrecorded  6 2115 

Fourth  sand  and  unrecorded  143  2258 

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2260')  12  2270 

Unrecorded  to  bottom  58^  2328  ^ 


500 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


casing,  893';  6%"  casing,  1381';  3"  tubing. 


10"  casing,  210';  S1/*" 

2391'. 

“Pressure  to  the  sq,  inch  6% 
1st  V2  minute,  30  lbs. 

1st  minute,  55  lbs. 

2nd  minute,  80  lbs. 

5th  minute,  170  lbs. 


casing,  Apr.  18,  1907: 

10th  minute,  280  lbs. 

15th  minute,  375  lbs. 

20th  minute,  450  lbs. 

Rock  pressure,  810  lbs.  in  15  hours 


The  well  starts  125  feet,  aneroid,  below  the  Pittsburgh 

coal. 


F.  L.  Robey  No.  1 Well  Record  (579). 


Located  in  Eagle  District,  1.5  miles  southwest  of  Lumberport. 
Authority,  Carnegie  Natural  Gas  Company.  Completed  May  3,  1910. 


Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  985'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1304  1304 

Big  Injun  sand  79  1383 

Unrecorded  12  1395 

Sand,  Squaw?  (Big  Injun)  (gas,  1400') 13  1408 

Unrecorded  412  1820 

Fifty-foot  sand  (gas,  1835')  43  1863 

Unrecorded  212  2075 

Gordon  Stray  sand  18  2093 

Unrecorded  5 2098 

Gordon  sand  22  2120 

Unrecorded  4 2124 

Fourth  sand  (gas,  2148')  40  2164 

Unrecorded  103  2267 

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2270')  6 2273 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 149  2422 


“Open  flow  tests:  7/10  water  in  6%"  casing;  20/10  mercury  in 

2"  tubing.” 


The  well  starts  100  feet,  aneroid,  below  the  Pittsburgh 
coal.  The  open  flow  tests  give  the  total  volume  as  2,100,000 
cubic  feet  daily. 


E.  L.  Coffman  No.  2362  Well  Record  (580). 


Located  in  Eagle  District,  1 % miles  southeast  of  Dola.  Authority, 
Philadelphia  Company.  Completed  June  6,  1910. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1195'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  495  495 

Big  Dunkard  sand  120  615 

Unrecorded  215  830 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt)  290  1120 

Unrecorded  276  1396 

Big  Lime  71  1467 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1517') 68  1535 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


501 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  10  1545 

Sand,  Squaw?  (Big  Injun) 15  1560 

Unrecorded  365  1925 

Fifty-foot  sand  50  1975 

Unrecorded  10  1985 

Thirty-foot  sand  (gas,  1987')  and  unrecorded  90  2075 

Break  4 2079 

Unrecorded  (gas,  2087'  and  2090')  to  bottom 26  2105 

13"  casing,  16';  10"  casing,  130';  casing,  1035';  6%"  casing, 

1396';  4"  casing,  2116'. 

Pressure  to  the  sq.  inch  in  4"  tubing: 

1st  i/2  minute,  175  lbs.  10th  minute,  735  lbs. 

1st  minute,  300  lbs.  15th  minute,  740  lbs. 

2nd  minute,  440  lbs.  20th  minute,  745  lbs. 

5th  minute,  700  lbs.  Rock  pressure,  710  lbs. 


The  well  starts  40  to  50  feet  above  the  Pittsburgh  coal. 

C.  E.  Boggess  No.  4 Well  Record  (581). 

Located  in  Eagle  District  1%  miles  west  of  Lumberport.  Author- 
ity, Carnegie  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1075'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1315  1315 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1320')  85  1400 

Unrecorded  455  1855 

Fifty-foot  sand  75  1930 

Unrecorded  160  2090 

Gordon  Stray  sand  20  2110 

Unrecorded  10  2120 

Gordon  sand  40  2160 

Unrecorded  50  2210 

Fourth  sand  (gas,  2215')  15  2225 

Unrecorded  70  2295 

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2298') 5 2300 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 32  2332 


10"  casing,  160';  8%"  casing,  950';  6%"  casing,  1290';  3 tubing, 
2332'. 

"Pressure  in  3"  pipe,  100  lbs." 

The  well  starts  100'  aneroid,  below  the  Pittsburgh  Coal. 


Horner  Hardware  Company  No.  1 Well  Record  (587). 


Located  in  Eagle  District,  at  Lumberport.  Authority,  Lumberport 
Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  920'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  (water  at  30'  and  300') 350  350 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 20  370 

Unrecorded  30  4U0 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (Big  Dunkard  and  Burning 

Springs)  115  515 

Gas  sand 105  620 


502 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 


Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  30  050 

Sand,  First  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run)  (water,  665') 75  725 

Unrecorded  15  740 

Second  Salt  sand  (water,  830') 145  885 

Unrecorded  260  1145 

Maxton  sand 25  1170 

Unrecorded  10  1180 

Little  lime 30  1210 

Unrecorded  80  1240 

Big  Lime 70  1310 

Big  Injun  sand 85  1395 

Unrecorded  470  1865 

Fifty-foot  sand 40  1905 

Unrecorded  15  1920 

Thirty-foot  sand 30  1950 

Unrecorded  60  2010 

Gordon  Stray  sand  (steel  line) 100  2110 

Gordon  sand  (gas,  2118'  and  2128';  12-10  water  in 

5iV'  casing) 25  2135 

Unrecorded  133  2268 

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2270',  2278',  steel  line) 22  2290 


8%"  casing,  360';  6%"  casing,  945';  5Ty'  casing,  2010'. 

The  well  starts  10  feet  below  the  Little  Clarksburg  coal, 
or  140  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  horizon.  The  open  flow 
test  gives  it  a volume  of  1,100,000  cu.  ft.  of  gas  daily  from 
the  Gordon.  The  Fifth  sand  volume  is  not  noted. 

The  detailed  log  of  the  Caroline  Mathews  No,  1 well 
(588),  located  V\  mile  south  of  Lumberport,  is  given  in  con- 
nection with  the  section  for  the  latter  place,  page  106,  to 
which  the  reader  is  referred  for  volume  data,  etc. 

The  Ben.  Mathews  No.  1 well  (589),  located  a short  dis- 
tance southeastward,  was  first  a gasser  in  the  Big  Injun  sand, 
and  later  drilled  down  to  the  Fourth,  from  which  horizon  it 
produces  oil,  according  to  information  given  D.  B.  Reger. 

There  occurs  a small  oil  pool  in  the  Fourth  sand  on 
Robinson  run,  1 mile  west  of  Shinnston.  The  pool  was 
opened  on  the  Ogden  farm  in  March,  1910,  the  first  well  start- 
ing off  at  250  barrels  of  oil  daily.  It  was  still  producing  12.5 
barrels  daily  on  August  10,  1910.  Its  record  is  as  follows : 

V.  B.  Ogden  No.  1 Well  Record  (592). 

Located  in  Eagle  District,  1 y2  miles  southwest  of  Shinnston. 
Authority,  South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  in  March,  1910. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  935'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  280  280 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  503 

Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

Sand,  Dunkard?  (I  Cow  Run) 155  435 

Unrecorded  330  705 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt) 200  965 

Unrecorded  65  1030 

Sand,  Maxton?  (Salt) 10  1040 

Unrecorded  350  1390 

Big  Injun  sand 90  1480 

Unrecorded  375  1855 

Fifty-foot  sand  (1880') 45  1900 

Unrecorded  15  1915 

Thirty-foot  sand 75  1990 

Unrecorded  225  2215 

Fourth  sand  (oil,  2219'  and  2247') 43  2258 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 7 2265 


The  well  starts  about  30  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal. 

V.  B.  Ogden  No.  2 Well  Record  (593). 

Located  in  Eagle  District,  1 y2  miles  S.  80°  W.  of  Shinnston.  Au- 


thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  965'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  400  400 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (Moundsville) 8 408 

Unrecorded  17  425 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (Big  Dunkard  and  Burning 

Springs)  200  625 

Unrecorded  65  690 

Gas  sand 60  750 

Unrecorded  10  760 

Sand,  “Gas”?  (II  Cow  Run) 70  830 

Unrecorded  30  860 

Salt  sand 150  1010 

Unrecorded  10  1020 

Salt  sand 40  1060 

Unrecorded  277  1337 

Big  Lime 68  1405 

Big  Injun  sand 100  1505 

Unrecorded  345  1850 

Gantz  sand 30  1880 

Unrecorded  30  1910 

Fifty-foot  sand  (gas,  1940') 35  1945 

Unrecorded  10  1955 

Thirty-foot  sand „]  55  2010 

Unrecorded  f (30-ft.)  3 2013 

Sand,  Stray J ...  42  2055 

Unrecorded  25  2080 

Sand,  Gordon?  (Gordon  Stray) '. 25  2105 

Unrecorded  55  2160 

Gordon  sand 25  2185 

Unrecorded  5 2190 

Fourth  sand  (oil,  2229'-2237') 62  2252 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 13  2265 

Initial  oil  production,  25  barrels  daily. 


The  well  starts  15  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal. 


504 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Three-fourths  mile  southward,  within  the  peninsula 
formed  by  West  Fork  river,  the  Haywood  Oil  & Gas  Com- 
pany recently  drilled  in  a hundred  barrel  well  in  the  Fourth 
sand  on  the  J.  H.  Towles  farm  (591). 

Four  miles  southwestward,  there  occurs  a pool  of  12  to 
15  oil  wells  near  the  head  of  Lamberts  run  in  what  appears 
to  be  the  Fourth  sand  and  not  the  Gordon  as  given  by  the 
original  log.  The  following  record  of  one  of  these  wells 
shows  the  horizon  at  which  the  oil  is  encountered. 


Howard  Gore  No.  1 Well  Record  (597). 

Located  in  Eagle  District,  1.5  miles  southwest  of  Hepzibah.  Au- 
thority, G.  M.  Allender. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1265'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  FeeL 

Unrecorded  208  208 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 6 214 

Unrecorded  899  618 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 42  655 

Unrecorded  50  705 

Big  Dunkard  sand 55  760 

Unrecorded  218  973 

Sand,  “Gas”?  (II  Cow  Run) 39  1012 

Unrecorded  11  1023 

Salt  sand 207  1230 

Unrecorded  320  1550 

Little  lime 14  1564 

Unrecorded  6 1570 

Big  Lime 51  1621 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1683') 109  1730 

Unrecorded  400  2130 

Fifty-foot  sand 50  2180 

Unrecorded  10  2190 

Thirty-foot  sand 70  2260 

Unrecorded  115  2375 

Sand,  Gordon  Stray?  (Gordon) 12  2387 

Unrecorded  5 2392 

Sand,  Gordon?  (Fourth)  (oil,  2466')  to  bottom 76  2478 

10”  casing,  222';  6%"  casing,  1612'. 


In  the  writer’s  judgment,  the  oil  horizon  is  the  same  here 
as  that  in  the  Ogden  pool,  1 mile  west  of  Shinnston,  where 
the  top  of  the  oil  pay  comes  2244  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh 
coal.  The  last  record  above  given  shows  the  oil  pay  2242 
feet  below  the  same  coal.  The  log  of  a gas  well  (657),  located 
on  the  Hamrick  farm,  1.2  miles  southwest  from  the  Lambert 
run  oil  pool,  and  used  in  connection  with  the  Wolf  Summit 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


505 


N.  E.  section,  shows  the  same  oil  pay  2221  feet  below  the 
same  coal. 

Prospective  Oil  and  Gas  Territory,  Eagle  District. — The 

development  in  Eagle  district  has  been  quite  rapid  in  recent 
years,  but,  as  in  other  portions  of  Harrison,  already  discussed, 
there  remains  a large  acreage  that  is  favored  both  by  present 
development  and  geologic  structure  to  warrant  further  drill- 
ing for  oil  and  gas.  These  areas  will  be  considered  from 
northwest  to  southeast  across  the  district.  (1)  That  territory 
just  east  of  Margaret,  along  the  line  joining  the  Serena  Wyer 
No.  1 well  (535)  and  the  I.  Moore  (O.  Hawker)  No.  1 (537) 
in  the  edge  of  Marion  county,  appears  favorable  for  Thirty- 
foot  sand  oil ; (2)  that,  in  the  same  region  along  the  line 
joining  the  Loretta  Morris  No.  1 well  (536),  and  the  Sarah 
Baker  No.  1 well  (539),  seems  good  for  Gordon  Stray  sand 
oil ; (3)  that,  immediately  on  the  east  of  the  last  men- 
tioned territory  extending  with  a width  of  ^2  to  1 mile  north- 
eastward from  the  channel  of  Jones  creek  to  the  Harrison- 
Marion  county  line,  appears  good  for  gas  in  both  the  Big 
Injun  and  Gordon;  (4)  that,  southward  from  Jones  creek  at 
Jimtown  to  a line  joining  Dola  with  the  H.  N.  Hustead  No. 
1 well  (576),  appears  favorable  for  gas  in  the  Big  Injun,  Gor- 
don and  Fifth  sands;  (5)  that,  northeastward  from  Jimtown 
as  drained  by  the  waters  of  Nolan  run,  for  gas  at  the  same 
horizon ; and  (6)  that,  southwestward  from  the  headwaters 
of  Wolfpen  run,  0.8  mile  west  of  Gypsy,  to  the  Lambert  run 
oil  pool,  for  Fourth  sand  oil,  and  gas  in  the  Big  Injun,  Fifty- 
foot  and  Fifth  sands. 

CLAY  DISTRICT. 

Clay  district  occupies  the  northeastern  corner  of  Harrison 
county,  and  its  area  is  traversed  in  an  almost  north  and  south 
direction  by  the  axis  of  the  Shinnston  syncline.  By  far  the 
greater  portion  of  the  district,  however,  lies  on  the  east  side 
of  the  axis  of  the  latter  fold.  A glance  at  the  structure  map 
accompanying  this  report  will  show  that  much  relief  prevails 
therein,  the  Pittsburgh  coal  varying  from  about  865'  A.T.  at. 
the  mouth  of  Little  Bingamon,  to  1435'  A.T.,  2 miles  southeast 
of  McAlpin.  In  the  region  of  Adamsville,  it  will  be  observed 


506 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


there  occurs  a pronounced  structural  terrace,  as  exhibited  by 
the  wide  divergence  of  the  1050  and  1150-foot  contours  of  the 
Pittsburgh  coal  from  their  position  to  the  northeast  at  their 
intersection  with  Booths  creek.  A great  oil  pool  has  been 
developed  in  the  Fifty-foot  sand  along  this  terrace  in  Clay 
district,  the  same  being  frequently  referred  to  as  the  Shinns- 
ton  oil  pool.  It  is  just  such  a terrace  as  this  on  which  rest 
the  Smithfield  oil  pool  of  Wetzel  county,  and  the  Elk  Fork 
oil  pool  of  Tyler  county.  All  efforts  to  extend  this  Fifty-foot 


sand  oil  pool  to  the  northeast  of  the  Harrison-Marion  county 
line,  and  southwest  to  Shinns  run,  where  the  structural  slope 

is  much  steeper,  have  thus  far  proved 

fruitless. 

The  northwest  corner  of  Clay  reaches  almost  to  the  crest 

of  the  Wolf  Summit  anticline;  hence, 

in  this  portion 

of  the 

district,  there  occur  several 

(20  to  25)  fine  gas  wells. 

The 

four  following  records  from 

wells  in 

this  region  give 

inter- 

esting  data  as  to  the  rock 

pressure 

and  the  oil  and  gas 

horizons : 

Geo.  Millan  No. 

1 Well  Record  (603). 

Located  in  Clay  District,  % mile  southeast  of  Pine  Bluff.  Au- 

thority, Carnegie  Natural  Gas  Company.  Completed  May  13,  1910. 

Thickness. 

Total. 

(Elevation,  1297'  L-A.  T.) 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Unrecorded  

394 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 

6 

400 

Unrecorded  

1414 

1814 

Big  Injun  sand 

106 

1920 

Unrecorded  

395 

2315 

Fifty-foot  sand 

85 

2400 

Unrecorded  

2600 

Sand,  Gordon  Stray?  (Gordon) . . 

20 

2620 

Gordon  sand 

18 

2638 

Unrecorded  

72 

2710 

Fourth  sand 

16 

2726 

Unrecorded  

2776 

Thickness. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Fifth  sand  (gas) 

18 

2794 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 

38 

2832 

10''  casing,  470';  8%"  casing,  1350';  6%"  casing,  1786'. 
Pressure  to  the  sq.  inch  in  6%"  casing: 

2nd  minute,  15  lbs.  5th  minute,  30  lbs. 

3rd  minute,  20  lbs.  10th  minute,  60  lbs. 

4th  minute,  25  lbs.  18th  minute,  100  lbs. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


507 


Seymour  Stark  No.  1 Well  Record  (604). 

Located  in  Clay  District,  1.8  miles  northwest  of  Shinnston.  Au- 


thority, Fairmont  and  Grafton  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Totai. 

(Elevation,  1115'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  107  107 

Pittsburgh  coal 11  118 

Unrecorded  892  510 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (Moundsville) 25  585 

Unrecorded  105  040 

Big  Dunkard  sand 40  680 

Unrecorded  220  900 

Sand,  “Gas”?  (II  Cow  Run) 80  980 

Unrecorded  95  1075 

Salt  sand 95  1170 

Unrecorded  85  1205 

Sand,  Maxton?  (Salt) 65  1270 

Unrecorded  165  1485 

Big  Lime 75  1510 

Big  Injun  sand 60  1570 

Unrecorded  890  1960 

Sand,  Fifty-foot  (Gantz  and  50-ft.)  (gas,  2040';  volume, 

200,000  cu.  ft.  daily) 95  2055 

Unrecorded  195  2245 

Gordon  sand  20  2265 

Unrecorded  135  2400 

Sand,  Fourth?  (Fifth)  (gas,  2402';  rock  pressure,  1180 

pounds;  volume,  350,000  cu.  ft.) 10  2410 

Unrecorded  75  2485 


Sand,  Fifth?  (Sixth),  shell  and  unrecorded  to  bottom...  76  2561 

\ 

This  well  was  drilled  several  years  ago  and  was  among 
the  first  in  the.  field  as  is  self-evident  from  the  great  rock 
pressure  (1180  pounds  to  the  square  inch)  recorded  in  the 
Fifth  sand. 


Lucas  Bros.  No.  1 Well  Record  (604A). 

Located  in  Clay  District,  1 mile  west  of  Shinnston.  Authority, 
Fairmont  and  Grafton  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  935'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  400  400 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (Moundsville) 25  425 

Unrecorded  115  530 

Big  Dunkard  sand 35  565 

Unrecorded  230  795 

Sand,  “Gas”  (II  Cow  Run) 55  850 

Unrecorded  120  970 

Salt  sand 95  1065 

Unrecorded  35  noo 

Maxton  sand 65  1165 

Unrecorded  153  1318 


508 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 

Big  Lime 103  1421 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1425';  rock  pressure,  700  lbs.; 

volume,  4,000,000  cu.  ft.  daily  through  4"  tubing) ...  50  1471 

The  well  starts  at  the  top  of  Pittsburgh  coal.  An  analysis 
of  the  gas  from  this  well,  along  with  others  in  the  vicinity, 
is  given  on  page  556  of  Volume  1(A),  as  follows: 


Analyses  of  Natural  Gas. 


Made  during  June,  1904,  by  C.  D.  Howard.  (Percentage  by  vol.) 


1 

1 

Sam- 
ple 
| No.  1 

Sam-  | 
pie  | 
No.  2 | 

Sam- 1 
pie  | 
No.  3 | 

Sam-  | 
pie  | 
No.  4 | 

Sam-  | 
pie  | 
No.  5 | 

Sam- 
ple 
No.  6 

Carbon  dioxide  (CC2) .... 

0.0061 

0.1  | 

0.0  | 

0.0  | 

0.1  | 

0.0 

Carbon  monoxide  (CO) . . 

0.4 

0.4  | 

0.4  | 

0.4  | 

0.4  | 

0.5 

Oxygen  (O) 

0.2 

0.2  | 

0.2  [ 

0.1  1 

0.3  | 

0.3 

Hydrogen  (H) 

trace 

0.2  | 

0.0  | 

0.1  I 

0.1  | 

o.u 

Heavy  hydrocarbons 

0.4 

0.2  j 

0.4  | 

0.2  1 

0.1  I 

0.2 

Ethane  (C2H(J) 

14.60 

14.09 1 

15.09| 

14.88[ 

14.35| 

7.65 

Methane  (CH4) 

80.94 

81.60| 

75.95| 

80.85| 

80.70  j 

86.48 

Nitrogen  (N) 

3.46 

o.21 1 

3.96| 

3.47  j 

3.95] 

4.87 

Ammonia  (NH3) 

none 

none  | 

none  | 

none  | 

none  | 

none 

Carbon  bisulphide  (CS2).. 

| none 

1 

none  | 

none  | 

none  | 

none  j 

none 

Sulphuretted  hydrogen 

! 

1 

1 

] 

1 

(H2S)  

none 

none 

none  | 

none 

none  | 

none 

Moisture  (grains  in  100 

| 

1 

1 

! 

1 

cu  ft ) 

17.72 

|. 

|. 

1. 

Total  Sulphur  (gr.  in  100 

i 

1 

i 

i 

1 

pii  ft  1 

n 1821 

|. 

|. 

|. 

[. 

Total  paraffines 

| 95.54 

95.69| 

95.04 

9 5 . 7 3 j 

95.05 

94.13 

*B.  T.  U.  per  cu.  ft.  (cal- 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

culated)  

1 1142.6 

[1136.9  |1140.9  |1143.6  |1131.4  [1065.3 

“Sample  No.  1 — Morgantown  supply  (Big  Injun  sand),  Monongalia 
and  Greene  (Penna.)  counties. 

“Sample  No.  2 — Fairmont  supply  (Bayard  sand),  Marion  county. 

“Sample  No.  3 — Big  Injun  sand  gas  from  Lucas  Brothers  well  No. 
1,  1%  miles  northwest  of  Shinnston.  Top  of  sand,  1421  feet  below 
Pittsburgh  coal. 

“Sample  No.  4— Gordon  sand  gas  (Shinnston  supply)  from  J.  B. 
Cunningham  well  No.  1,  3%  miles  northwest  of  Shinnston,  Harrison 
county.  Top  of  sand,  2199  feet  below  Pittsburgh  coal. 

“Sample  No.  5— Fifth  sand  gas  from  Harbert  well  No.  1,  near 
West  Fork  river,  and  three-fourths  mile  due  east  of  Lumberport,  Har- 
rison county.  Top  of  sand,  2380  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal. 

“Sample  No.  6— “Fifty-foot”  sand  gas  from  Lucas  Brothers  well 
No.  4,  1 mile  west  of  Shinnston,  near  the  mouth  of  Robinson  run,  Har- 
rison county.  Top  of  sand,  1855  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal.” 

*Prof.  Jones  reports  B.  T.  U.  slightly  over  1100  by  Junker  calori- 
meter. Natural  gas  is  taken  as  a standard  (1000)  assuming  94  per 
cent. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


509 


Samples  Nos.  3,  4,  5 and  6 are  from  wells  Nos.  604A,  563, 
648A,  and  605A  respectively,  as  listed  in  the  table  of  wells 
for  Harrison  county,  page  408.  The  two  following  records 
are  from  two  of  these  wells : 

Lucas  Bros.  No.  4 Well  Record  (605 A). 

Located  in  Clay  District,  1 mile  west  of  Shinnston.  Authority, 
Fairmont  and  Grafton  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 

Elevation,  900'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  370  370 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 40  410 

Unrecorded  90  500 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard  (Burning  Springs) 75  575 

Unrecorded  165  740 

Sand,  “Gas”  (II  Cow  Run)  and  unrecorded 200  940 

Salt  sand 130  1070 

Unrecorded  190  1260 

Maxton  sand 25  1285 

Unrecorded  47  1332 

Big  Lime 60  1392 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1397')  and  unrecorded 443  1835 

Fifty-foot  sand  (gas,  1861';  200,000  cu.  ft.  daily)  and  un- 
recorded   65  1900 

Thirty-foot  sand  and  unrecorded 100-  2000 

Stray  sand  and  unrecorded 120  2120 

Gordon  sand  and  unrecorded 196  2216 

Sand,  (Fourth)  (y2  bbl.  dark  oil.) 

Weil  starts  about  45  feet  below  Pittsburgh  coal. 

Luther  Harbert  No.  1 Well  Record  (648A). 

Located  in  Clay  District,  0.7  mile  northwest  of  Gypsy.  Authority, 
Fairmont  and  Grafton  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  900'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  545  545 

Big  Dunkard  sand 25  570 

Unrecorded  162  732 

Gas  sand 73  805 

Unrecorded  65  870 

Salt  sand 105  975 

Unrecorded  309  1284 

Big  Lime 73  1357 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1382';  rock  pressure,  650  lbs.; 

volume,  1,500,000  cu.  ft.  daily) 75  1432 

Unrecorded  386  1818 

Gantz  sand 34  1852 

Unrecorded  28  1880 

Fifty-foot  sand 25  1905 


510 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Sand,  Stray?  (30-ft.) 

Red  rock 

Red  sand,  (Stray) 

Gordon  sand 

Red  rock 

Fourth  sand 

Unrecorded  

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2340';  rock  pressure,  1100  lbs.;  volume 


ickness. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

. 83 

1988 

. 26 

2014 

. 40 

2054 

. 50 

2104 

. 25 

2129 

. 31 

2160 

. 40 

2200 

. 135 

2335 

■y 

. 18 

2353 

The  well  starts  about  45  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal. 
The  three  foregoing  records  are  very  interesting  in  that 
they  give  the  original  rock  pressure  of  Big  Injun  and  Fifth 
sand'  in  the  first  wells  drilled  in  the  field. 

i he  two  following  records  in  Clay  district  are  from  wells 
loc  led  on  the  east  side  of  West  Fork  river,  near  the  Harrison- 
M-  rion  county  line: 


John  F.  Sturms  Heirs  No.  1 Well  Record  (609). 


Located  in  Clay  District,  % mile  east  of  Enterprise.  Authority, 
Carnegie  Natural  Gas  Company.  Completed  October  10,  1910. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1055'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  82  82 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 7 89 

Unrecorded  1417  1506 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1528')  to  bottom 39  1545 


10"  casing,  95';  8%"  casing,  1100';  6%"  casing,  1506';  4"  tubing, 
1545'. 


Pressure  to  the  sq.  inch  in  4"  tubing  from  Big  Injun  sand: 


1st  y2  minute,  145  lbs. 
1st  minute,  235  lbs. 
2nd  minute,  340  lbs. 
3rd  minute,  375  lbs. 


4th  minute,  400  lbs. 
5th  minute,  405  lbs. 
20th  minute,  435  lbs. 
Rock  pressure,  500  lbs. 


Alice  Corpening  No.  1 Well  Record  (612). 


Located  in  Clay  District,  1.7  miles  S.  75°  E.  of  Enterprise.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  995'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  ..1439  1439 

Big  Injun  sand 104  1543 

Unrecorded  507  2050 

Gordon  sand 10  2060 

Unrecorded  110  2170 

Sand,  Fifth?  (Fourth) 30  2200 

Unrecorded  (gas  in  Bayard  sand) 306  2506 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


511 


The  well  mouth  is  30  feet,  aneroid,  below  the  Pittsburgh 

coal. 

The  sand  at  2170  feet  is  evidently  the  same  horizon  as 
that  in  which  the  oil  pool  occurs,  one  mile  west  of  Shinnston. 
The  gas  encountered  was  probably  in  the  Fifth  sand. 

Shinnston  Oil  Pool. — As  mentioned  on  a preceding  page, 
what  is  known  as  the  Shinnston  oil  pool,  rests  on  a structural 
terrace  or  bench  on  the  western  slope  of  the  Chestnut  Ridge 
anticline,  and  contains  about  150  oil  wells  in  the  Fifty-foot 
sand.  The  pool  is  really  separated  into  two  distinct  fields  by 
a barren  zone  in  the  Fifty-foot  that  follows  closely  the  line 
of  the  dry  holes,  Nos.  637  and  622,  located  near  the  head  of 
Sweep  and  Jarvis  runs,  respectively.  The  first  field  is  located 
on  the  waters  of  Laurel  run,  and  Coons  run  in  the  immediate 
vicinity  and  northwest  of  Adamsville ; the  second  field  is 
located  slightly  higher  up  the  structural  slope  on  the  waters 
of  Jarvis  and  Horner  runs,  extending  to  the  southwest  on  the 
head  of  Coons  run,  containing  60  to  75  oil  wells.  In  the  latter 
field  the  oil  pay  appears  to  shift  deeper  in  the  sand  as  the 
structural  slope  is  ascended  to  the  southeast. 

The  following  is  a record  of  the  first  oil  well  obtained  in 
the  Shinnston  oil  pool.  The  well  was  drilled  in  December, 
1908,  primarily  for  gas,  and  is  located  on  a branch  of  Mudlick 
run : 

R.  R.  Hardesty  No.  1 Well  Record  (614). 


Located  in  Clay  District,  2 miles  due  east  of  Shinnston.  Author- 
ity, G.  M.  Allender.  Completed  in  December,  1903. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1170'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  148  148 

Pittsburgh  coal 9 157 

Unrecorded  893  550 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (MoundsviHe) 15  565 

Unrecorded  115  680 

Big  Dunkard  sand 60  740 

Unrecorded  35  775 

Gas  sand 25  800 

Unrecorded  10  810 

Sand,  Salt?  (“Gas”  and  II  Cow  Run)  (water,  920') 205  1015 

Break  15  1030 

Salt  sand 190  1220 

Unrecorded  305  1525 

Little  lime 29  1554 


512 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Pencil  cave 6 1560 

Big  Lime 67  1627 

Big  Injun  sand 110  1737 

Unrecorded  78  1815 

Squaw  sand 15  1830 

Unrecorded  70  1900 

Berea  sand 10  1910 

Unrecorded  190  2100 

Fifty-foot  sand  (oil)  to  bottom  and  still  in  sand 35  2135 

10"  casing,  168';  6%"  casing,  1660'. 


No  data  was  obtained  as  to  the  original  production  of 
this  well. 

The  following  record  is  from  a well  in  this  field  that  prob- 
ably had  the  greatest  initial  oil  production  of  any  other  well 
ever  drilled  in  the  State.  It  started  off  at  10,800  barrels  daily, 
and  created  intense  excitement  and  activity  in  drilling  opera- 
tions : 

E.  E.  Swiger  No.  2316  Well  Record  (618). 


thority,  Philadelphia  Company.  Completed  December  6,  1909. 

Thickness. 

Feet. 

Unrecorded  60 

Pittsburgh  coal 7 

Unrecorded  469 

Big  Dunkard  sand 104 

Unrecorded  160 

Gas  sand  (water,  830') 20 

Unrecorded  63 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run) 17 

Unrecorded  15 

Salt  sand 7 

Unrecorded  100 

Salt  sand 15 

Unrecorded  441 

Big  Lime 67 

Big  Injun  sand 153 

Unrecorded  343 

Sand,  Fifty-foot  (gas,  2041';  oil,  2042',  2058',  2063',  2077', 

2087',  2112';  gas,  2112') 72 

10"  casing,  98';  814"  casing,  696';  6%"  casing,  1478';  5f«" 
1618';  3V  tubing,  2120';  2"  tubing,  2113'. 

“Well  made  450  bbls.  per  hour  when  drilled  in  at  2081'." 
“Drilled  to  2113  feet  January  27,  1910.  Shot  with  20 
February  11,  1910.” 


Total. 

Feet. 

60 

67 

536 

640 

800 

820 

883 

900 

915 

922 

1022 

1037 

1478 

1545 

1698 

2041 

2113 

casing, 


quarts. 


The  Fifty-foot  sand  in  this  region  comes  about  500  feet 
below  the  top  of  the  Big  Injun  sand. 


PLATE  XVII. — Steel-tube  Derrick  used  by  the  South  Penn  Oil  Co. — 
McIntyre  well  (356),  2 y2  miles  south  from  Rinehart 
— and  Dunkard  series  Topography. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


513 


The  following  is  a record  of  a well  300  or  400  feet  south 
of  the  Swiger  well,  that  was  drilled  in  during  January,  1910. 
This  well  started  off  at  2700  barrels  of  oil  daily  from  the 
Fifty-foot  sand,  and  at  the  end  of  eight  months  was  still  pro- 
ducing 180  barrels  daily,  according  to  an  official  of  the  South 
Penn  Oil  Company  who  also  reports  it  at  this  time  to  have 
made  twice  as  much  oil  as  the  Swiger  well.  The  Whiteman 
well  made  98,000  barrels  the  first  30  days  after  completion : 


E.  J.  Whiteman  No.  2 Well  Record  (619). 

Located  in  Clay  District,  iy2  miles  N.  10°  W.  of  Adamsville.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  in  January,  1910. 


Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  1090'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  440  440 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 35  475 

Unrecorded  95  570 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard 25  595 

Unrecorded  5 600 

Sand,  “Gas”?  (Burning  Springs) 60  660 

Unrecorded  10  670 

Gas  sand,  (water,  700') 150  820 

Unrecorded  10  830 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run) 50  880 

Unrecorded  5 885 

Salt  sand,  (water,  930') 185  1070 

Unrecorded  340  1410 

Big  Lime 100  1510 

Big  Injun  sand 120  1630 

Unrecorded  362  1992 

Fifty-foot  sand  (gas,  1997';  oil,  1999'  and  2020')  to  bot- 
tom   28  2020 


The  well  starts  about  30  feet  above  the  Pittsburgh  coal. 
The  following  record  is  from  a well  in  the  first  mentioned 
field  of  the  Shinnston  pool. 

S.  L.  Vincent  No.  5 Well  Record  (621). 

I 

Located  in  Clay  District,  *4  mile  south  of  Adamsville. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1085'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  430  430 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 15  445 

Unrecorded  75  520 

Big  Dunkard  sand 50  570 

Unrecorded  150  720 


514 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Gas  sand 60  780 

Unrecorded  40  820 

Sand,  “Gas”?  (II  Cow  Run) 80  900 

Unrecorded  35  935 

Salt  sand 85  1020 

Unrecorded  411  1431 

Big  Lime 74  1505 

Big  Injun  sand 115  1620 

Unrecorded  375  1995 

Fifty-foot  sand  (oil,  2012'  and  2017') 67  2062 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 2 2064 


The  well  starts  almost  flush  with  the  Pittsburgh  coal. 

Near  the  northwestern  edge  of  this  field,  on  Laurel  run, 
the  G.  L.  Hardesty  No.  7 well  (610)  started  off  in  March, 
1910,  at  the  rate  of  35  barrels  of  oil  an  hour,  equivalent  to  840 
barrels  daily.  At  the  southwest  edge  of  this  field,  on  a branch 
of  Mudlick,  the  E.  M.  Sapp  No.  1 well  (615)  had  an  initial 
production,  May  9,  1909,  of  10  barrels  of  oil  from  the  Fifty- 
foot  daily,  and  was  still  making  on  Aug.  15,  1910,  10  barrels 
weekly. 

The  following  is  a record  of  a dry  hole  in  the  barren  belt 
of  the  Fifty-foot  sand,  that  separates  the  two  fields  of  the 
Shinnston  pool.  The  well  starts  about  320  feet  above  the 
Pittsburgh  coal : 


A.  W.  Hartley  Heirs  No.  1 Well  Record  (622), 

Located  in  Clay  District,  y2  mile  east  of  Adamsville.  Authority! 
South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1390'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1825  1825 

Big  Injun  sand 150  1975 

Unrecorded  525  2500 

Gordon  sand 20  2520 

Unrecorded  140  2660 

Fifth  sand 20  2680 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 148  2828 


The  five  following  records  are  from  wells  located  in  the 
second  division  above  mentioned  of  the  Shinnston  pool : 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


515 


A.  W.  Hartley  Heirs  No.  3 Well  Record  (623). 


Located  in  Clay  District, 

% mile  southeast  of  Adamsville.  Au- 

thority,  Chas.  B.  Jackson,  a driller. 

Completed  Oct.  12,  1910. 

Thickness. 

Total. 

(Elevation,  1515'  B-A.  T.) 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Unrecorded  (water,  150') 

440 

440 

Pittsburgh  coal 

6 

446 

Unrecorded  

394 

840 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  ] 

Run) . . 

890 

Unrecorded  

110 

1000 

Big  Dunkard  sand 

35 

1035 

Unrecorded  

130 

1165 

Gas  sand 

45 

1210 

Unrecorded  

1215 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run  and 

Salt) 

(water,  1280'  and 

1420')  

1500 

Unrecorded  

1515 

Red  rock 

210 

1725 

Unrecorded  

120 

1845 

Little  lime 

1855 

Pencil  cave,  slate 

1860 

Big  Lime 

50 

1910 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1920').... 

100 

2010 

Unrecorded  

2015 

Sand,  (Squaw) 

2100 

Slate  

338 

2438 

Fifty-foot  sand  (oil,  2480') 

96 

2534 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 

5 

2539 

10"  casing,  500';  8 %"  casing,  1400';  6%"  casing,  1920'. 

The  well  starts  nearly  on  the  summit  of  a high  knob. 


E.  W.  Thompson  No.  1 Well  Record  (624). 


Located  in  Clay  District,  1 mile 

S. 

15°  E.  of  Adamsville. 

Author- 

ity,  Fred  L.  Bishop,  Morgantown,  W 

. Va.  Completed  in  1910. 

Thickness. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Unrecorded  

170 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 

10 

180 

Unrecorded  

420 

600 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) . 

625 

Unrecorded  

50 

675 

Big  Dunkard  sand 

725 

Unrecorded  

900 

Sand,  “Gas”  (Claribn) 

950 

Unrecorded  

960 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt) . . 

360 

1320 

Unrecorded  

1585 

Pencil  cave 

7 

1592 

Big  Lime 

1672 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas  pay,  1685'-1700' 

and 

1752VL757') 180 

1852 

Unrecorded  

320 

2172 

Fifty-foot  sand  (oil  pay,  2208'-2215') 

86 

2258 

10"  casing,  270';  8%"  casing,  1126'6' 

';  6%*'  casing,  1592'3". 

516 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


The  detailed  log  of  the  W.  M.  Gray  No.  1 well  (625), 
located  0.4  miles  southwestward  from  the  Thompson  boring, 
is  published  in  connection  with  the  Adamsville  section,  page 
107.  It  had  an  initial  production  of  10  barrels  of  oil  and 
3,000,000  cubic  feet  of  gas  daily.  Mr.  W.  A.  Chambers  of 
Bridgeport,  Harrison  county,  saved  samples  for  analysis  of 
the  Upper  Kittanning  coal,  and  one  of  the  Pottsville  beds 
from  this  well,  the  results  of  which  are  found  at  the  end  of 
the  table  of  coal  analyses  in  a subsequent  chapter  of  this 
report. 

Dora  Bartlett  No.  1 Well  Record  (628). 

Located  in  Clay  District,  1.1  miles  southeast  of  Adamsville.  Au- 
thority, South  Penn  Oil  Company.  Completed  Oct.  1,  1909. 

Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 


Unrecorded  135  135 

Pittsburgh  coal  and  unrecorded 1986  2121 


Fifty-foot  sand  (first  pay,  light,  2190';  second  pay,  good, 

2203')  

This  well  was  one  of  the  best  in  this  portion  of  the 
Shinnston  pool,  having  started  off  at  550  barrels  of  oil  daily, 
and  was  still  making  on  August  16,  1910,  90  barrels  a day, 
according  to  an  official  of  the  operating  company. 


Nimshi  Nuzum  No.  4 Well  Record  (630). 

< 

Located  in  Clay  District,  % mile  west  of  Boothsville.  Authority, 
Geo.  E.  Miller  & Company.  Completed  June  25,  1910. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1165'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Conductor  16  16 

Unrecorded  24  40 

Pittsburgh  coal 10  50 

Unrecorded  (water,  160') 220  270 

Sand,  “Gas”?  (Murphy) 20  290 

Unrecorded  68  358 

Coal,  (Harlem) 8 366 

Unrecorded  124  490 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 30  520 

Unrecorded  78  598 

Big  Dunkard  sand 42  640 

Unrecorded  10  650 

Sand,  (Burning  Springs) 40  690 

Unrecorded  36  726 

Coal,  (Upper  Kittanning) 4 730 

Unrecorded  63  793 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


517 


Coal,  (Lower  Kittanning) 

Unrecorded  

Sand,  First  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run) 

Unrecorded  

Salt  sand 

Unrecorded  

Sand  

Unrecorded  

Little  lime 

Pencil  cave 

Big  Lime 

Big  Injun  sand  (light  gas,  1645') 

Unrecorded  

Sand,  Gantz?  (Squaw) 

Unrecorded  


2091')  and  unrecorded  to  bottom 

Initial  oil  production,  750  barrels  daily.” 


ickness. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

6 

799 

4 

803 

. 33 

836 

. 124 

960 

. 70 

1030 

. 332 

1362 

. 19 

1381 

. 67 

1448 

. 10 

1458 

8 

1466 

. 88 

1554 

. 106 

1660 

. 110 

1770 

. 22 

1792 

. 258 

2050 

[, 

. 92 

2142 

The  above  record  is  very  interesting,  in  that  four  well- 
known  coals  are  noted ; viz.,  Pittsburgh,  Harlem,  Upper 
Kittanning,  and  Lower  Kittanning.  The  Pittsburgh-Harlem 
coal  interval  in  this  portion  of  Harrison  county  is  shown  to 
be  308  feet.  In  the  southeastern  part  of  the  same  area,  it  is 
320  to  330  feet. 


Nimshi  Nuzum  No.  1 Well  Record  (631). 


Located  in  Clay  District,  0.8  mile 

west  of 

Boothsville.  Authority, 

Geo.  E.  Miller  & Company.  Completed  December  17,  1909. 

Thickness. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Surface  

16 

16 

Unrecorded  

44 

60 

Pittsburgh  coal 

Unrecorded  

90 

Sand,  Murphy?  (Lower  Pittsburgh) . . . 

30 

120 

Unrecorded  

389 

509 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (I  Cow  Run) 

51 

560 

Unrecorded  

58 

618 

Sand,  “Gas”?  (water  at  648')  (Big  Dunkard) . . 

43 

661 

Unrecorded  

6 

667 

Sand,  First  Salt?  (“Gas”) 

131 

798 

Unrecorded  

12 

810 

Sand,  Second  Salt  (II  Cow  Run  and 

Salt) 

(water  at 

1022')  

253 

1063 

Red  rock  and  shells 

89 

1152 

Unrecorded  

292 

1444 

Little  lime 

12 

1456 

518 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Feet. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Pencil  cave 14  1470 

Big  Lime 83  1553 

Big  Injun  sand  (no  oil  or  gas) 105  1658 

Unrecorded  139  1797 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Squaw) 12  1809 

Unrecorded  254  2063 

Top  of  Fifty-foot  sand 2063 

Gas  at 2069 

Gas  increased  to 2083 

Began  spraying  oil 2083 

Oil  increased  from  2083'  to 2093 

Unrecorded  10  2103 

Second  pay — green  oil,  2103'  to 2110 

Unrecorded  12  2122 

Third  pay,  2122'  to 2130 

Total  depth  of  well 2164 


10"  casing,  170';  8%"  casing,  1095';  6%"  casing,  1495'. 

“Initial  oil  production,  250  barrels  daily,  and  making  75  barrels 
at  end  of  first  month.” 

“Thickness  of  Pittsburgh  coal  not  given,  but  an  opening  near  the 
well  shows  about  the  usual  thickness.” 

The  following  is  the  record  of  a gasser  in  the  Fifty-foot, 
located  0.3  mile  due  west  of  the  common  corner  to  Harrison, 
Marion  and  Taylor  counties.  The  well  starts  about  45  feet 
below  the  Pittsburgh  coal ; hence,  the  coals  at  70  feet  and  285 
feet  correlate  with  the  Little  Clarksburg  and  Harlem,  re- 
spectively : 


Jos.  Ashcraft  No.  1 Well  Record  (632). 


Located  in  Clay  District,  *4  mile  west  of  Boothsville.  Authority, 
Philadelphia  Company.  Completed  January  10,  1910. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1115'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Shale  (?) 70  70 

Coal,  (Little  Clarksburg)  (water)  at 0 70 

Red  rock 10  80 

Shale  80  160 

Red  rock 15  175 

Shale  10  185 

Lime  5 190 

Shale  40  230 

Sand  30  260 

Lime  (Ames) 25  285 

Coal,  (Harlem) 0 285 

Shale  35  320 

Lime  10  330 

Shale  30  360 

Sand,  (Moundsville) 10  370 

Shale  30  400 

Slate  100  500 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


519 


Thickness.  Total 
Feet.  Feet. 


Sand  (Big  Dunkard) 15  515 

Lime  30  545 

Sand,  (Burning  Springs) 25  570 

Shale  60  630 

Lime  10  640 

Coal,  (Upper  Kittanning) 0 640 

Lime  35  675 

Slate  50  725 

Sand,  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt) 125  850 

Slate  30  880 

Sand,  (Salt) 70  950 

Slate  30  980 

Sand,  (Salt) 65  1045 

Slate  15  1060 

Sand  35  1095 

Shale  25  1120 

Sand  (Maxton) 20  1140 

Red  rock 5 1145 

Lime  10  1155 

Unrecorded  195  1350 

Red  rock 20  1370 

Little  lime 30  1400 

Shale  15  1415 

Big  Lime 95  151C 

Big  injun  sand 170  1680 

Shale  15  1695 

Squaw  sand,  brown 15  1710 

Shale  80  1790 

Stray  sand 15  1805 

Shale  145  1950 

Lime  5 ~ 1955 

Fifty-foot  sand,  broken  (gas) 110  2065 

Shale  5 2070 

Lime  20  2090 

Shale  15  2105 

Red  rock 20  2125 

Gordon  Stray  sand 20  2145 

Slate  5 2150 

Gordon  sand  to  bottom 25  2175 


The  log  of  the  R.  L.  Reed  No.  1 Well  (633),  located  Y\ 
mile  due  southward,  is  published  in  connection  with  the 
Boothsville  section,  page  109.  A light  show  of  gas  was  en- 
countered in  the  Big  Injun,  and  a small  oil  show  in  the  Fifty- 
foot  sand  in  this  well. 

Southwestward  a light  gasser  was  drilled  on  the  south 
hill-side  of  Horner  run  on  the  J.  R.  Bartlett  farm  (627).  The 
following  record  is  from  a gas  well  located  in  the  southeastern 
part  of  Clay  district,  along  the  steep  wester;'  ^lope  of  the 
Chestnut  Ridge  anticline: 


520 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Martha  Chalfant  No.  1 Well  Record  (640). 


Located  in  Clay  District,  1 mile  northeast  of  McAlpin.  Authority, 
South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1110'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  300  300 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (Big  Dunkard) 90  390 

Unrecorded  295  085 

Salt  sand  (water,  690') 63  748 

Unrecorded  510  1258 

Big  Lime 82  1340 

Big  Injun  sand 100  1440 

Unrecorded  404  1844 

Fifty-foot  sand  (gas,  1847') 40  1884 

Unrecorded  5 1889 

Thirty-foot  sand 14  1903 

Unrecorded  5 1908 

Sand,  Gordon?  (Gordon  Stray) 57  1965 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 95  2860 


The  well  starts  150  feet,  aneroid,  below  the  Pittsburgh 

coal. 


The  following  is  the  record  of  a comparatively  dry  hole 
located  along  the  southern  border  of  Clay  district,  near  the 
head  of  Shinns  run.  The  well  starts  about  100  feet  below  the 
Pittsburgh  coal.  A light  show  of  gas  was  struck  in  the 
Gordon  Stray : 

S.  A.  Elliott  No.  1 Well  Record  (643). 


Located  in  Clay  District,  1.3  miles  southeast  of  Sa’twell.  Author- 
ity, South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1030'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  440  440 

Big  Dunkard  sand 70  510 

Unrecorded  200  710 

Sand,  “First  Gas”?  (II  Cow  Run)  (water,  725') 43  753 

Unrecorded  6 759 

Sand,  “Second  Gas”?  (Salt) 27  786 

Unrecorded  69  855 

Salt  sand 130  985 

Unrecorded  345  1330 

Little  lime 7 1337 

Unrecorded  7 1344 

Big  Lime 56  1400 

Big  Injun  sand 96  1496 

Unrecorded  410  1906 

Fifty-foot  sand 35  1941 

Unrecorded  44  1985 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  521 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 

Thirty-foot  sand 55  2040 

Unrecorded  8 2048 

Sand,  Stray  (Gordon  Stray)  (gas,  2048') 27  2075 

Unrecorded  5 2080 

Gordon  sand 25  2105 

Unrecorded  133  2238 

Fifth  sand 28  2256 

Unrecorded  44  2300 

Bayard  sand 16  2316 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 356  2672 


Farther  down  Shinns  run  at  Saltwell  a boring  (644)  was 
sunk  in  1835  on  the  Righter  farm  by  Abraham  and  P.  B. 
Righter  to  a depth  of  745  feet,  in  which  a light  flow  of  gas 
and  a strong  stream  of  fresh  water  were  encountered.  The 
well  starts  55  feet,  by  aneroid,  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal; 
hence,  it  probably  stopped  in  the  top  of  the  II  Cow  Run  sand. 
Water  is  still  flowing  from  the  top  of  the  hole,  and  likewise 
a small  amount  of  gas  is  escaping  therefrom. 

One  mile  northeastward  the  I/.  D.  Jarvis  Heirs  No.  1 
well  (645)  was  drilled  by  Benedum  & Trees  to  a depth  of 
2550  feet,  in  which  a light  flow  of  gas  was  encountered  in  the 
Big  Injun  sand.  The  well  mouth  is  25  feet  below  the  Pitts- 
burgh coal ; hence,  the  boring  penetrated  the  horizon  of  the 
Bayard  sand. 

The  following  is  the  record  of  a well  located  in  the 
southwest  corner  of  Clay  district,  in  which  a 3,000,000  cubic 
feet  daily  flow  of  gas  was  encountered  in  the  Big  Injun,  along 
with  an  oil  show  in  the  Bayard : 


Silas  Ogden*  No.  1 Well  Record  (648). 


Located  in  Clay  District,  0.9  mile  S.  80°  E.  of  Gypsy.  Authority, 
Mandell  Oil  & Gas  Company. 

Thickness  Total 


(Elevation,  1040'  B-A.  T.)  Feet  Feet. 

Unrecorded  115  115 

Pittsburgh  coal 5 120 

Unrecorded  150  270 

Cave  40  310 

Unrecorded  140  450 

Sand,  First  Cow  Run?  (Moundsville) 40  490 


*Vol.  1(A),  W.  Va.  Geol.  Survey,  p.  330;  1904. 


522 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  125  615 

Dunkard  sand...... 65  680 

Unrecorded  60  740 

Sand,  Salt?  (“Gas”)  (Gas,  890';  water,  895') 155  895 

Unrecorded  . . .’ 315  1210 

Red  rock 190  1400 

Maxton  sand..., 10  1410 

Unrecorded  80  1490 

Lime  65  1555 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1570'-1580') 110  1665 

Unrecorded  392  2057 

Sand,  Fifty-foot  (50-ft.  and  30-ft) 129  2186 

Unrecorded  52  2238 

Red  rock 5 2243 

Sand,  Gordon?  (Gordon  Stray) 27  2270 

Unrecorded  274  2544 

Bayard  sand  (oil  show,  2545'-2585') 44  2588 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 109  2697 


Prospective  Oil  and  Gas  Territory,  Clay  District. — The 

northern  border  of  Clay  district  has  been  quite  thoroughly 
tested  for  oil  and  gas,  but  there  still  remains  in  other  por- 
tions of  its  area  a large  acreage  that  is  favored  by  geologic 
structure  and  present  development  to  warrant  a further 
search  by  the  drill  for  these  valuable  hydrocarbons.  Con- 
sidering these  areas  from  northwest  to  southeast,  (1)  that 
portion  of  the  district  northwestward  from  Shinnston  to 
Bingamon  creek  appears  favorable  for  Big  Injun,  Fifty-foot, 
and  Fifth  sand  gas,  with  a chance  northeastward  from  the 
Ogden  oil  pool  for  Fourth  sand  oil ; (2)  that,  northwestward 
to  West  Fork  river  from  the  well,  the  log  of  which  is  given 
last  above,  for  gas  in  the  Big  Injun,  with  a chance  for  Bayard 
sand  oil  in  the  immediate  region  of  the  latter  well ; (3)  that, 
northeastward  from  Sugarcamp  run  of  Thomas  fork  to  the 
Harrison-Taylor  county  line,  for  gas  in  the  Fifty-foot;  and 
(4)  that,  in  the  extreme  southeast  corner  of  Clay  to  the  east 
of  Thomas  fork,  for  gas  at  the  same  horizon  since  the  J.  F. 
Holt  No.  1 well  (634),  at  the  same  structural  level,  three 
miles  northeastward,  was  a very  heavy  Fifty-foot  sand  gasser. 

COAL  DISTRICT. 

Coal  district  is  located  in  the  central  portion  of  Harrison 
county,  and  its  area  is  traversed  in  an  almost  north  and  south 
direction  by  two  structural  folds;  viz.,  the  Wolf  Summit 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


523 


anticline,  and  the  Shinnston  syncline.  A glance  at  the  struc- 
ture map  accompanying  this  report  will  show  that  its  strata 
are  very  much  warped  and  disturbed,  as  the  Pittsburgh  coal 
varies  in  elevation  from  950'  A.T.,  0.5  mile  east  of  Meadow- 
brook,  to  1225'  A.T.  at  Wilsonburg,  and  1.5  miles  westward 
from  Bridgeport.  Owing  to  the  convergence  southward  of 
the  axes  of  the  Wolf  Summit  and  Chestnut  Ridge  anticlines, 
the  axis  of  the  Shinnston  Basin  rises  rapidly  in  elevation  in 
the  same  direction  in  Harrison  county,  so  that  even  that 
portion  of  Coal  district  in  the  low  points  of  the  latter  syn- 
cline occupies  a comparatively  high  structural  level  when 
referred  to  the  region  along  this  trough  near  the  mouth  of 
Little  Bingamon  creek.  Thus  it  happens  that  the  great  gas 
pools  accompanying  both  the  anticlines  above  mentioned  are 
connected  across  the  Shinnston  Basin  through  Coal  and  Clark 
districts,  making  the  region  surrounding  Clarksburg  one  of 
the  greatest  gas  fields  in  the  State.  The  oil  and  gas  develop- 
ment will  now  be  considered  from  west  to  east. 

The  two  following  records  are  from  wells  located  near 
the  crest  of  the  Wolf  Summit  anticline: 


Thos.  P.  Reynolds  No.  1 Well  Record  (661). 


Located  in  Coal  District,  1 mile  southwest  of  Wilsonburg.  Au- 
thority, Washington  Gas  Company. 

Thickness  Total 


(Elevation,  1060'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  300  300 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 40  340 

Unrecorded  45  385 

Big  Dunkard 55  440 

Unrecorded  260  700 

Sand,  First  Salt?  (Clarion) 56  756 

Unrecorded  44  800 

Sand,  Second  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt) 110  910 

Unrecorded  175  1085 

Maxton  sand 25  1110 

Unrecorded  105  1215 

Big  Lime 95  1310 

Big  Injun  sand 100  1410 

Unrecorded  30  1440 

Squaw  sand 60  1500 

Unrecorded  310  1810 

Fifty-foot  sand 35  1845 

Unrecorded  12  1857 

Thirty-foot  sand 25  1882 


524 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total 
Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  86  1968 

Stray  sand 14  1982 

Unrecorded  20  2002 

Gordon  sand 18  2020 

Unrecorded  65  2085 

Fourth  sand ot>  2140 

Unrecorded  100  2240 

Fifth  sand  (gas  pay,  2244'  and  2250') 25  2265 


6%"  casing,  1228';  5TV'  casing,  2130'.  “Production,  2,500,000  cu. 
ft.  daily.” 


The  well  starts  125  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal. 


T.  F.  Gifford  No.  2102  Well  Record  (658). 


Located  in  Coal  District,  1.5  miles  northeast  of  Wilsonburg.  Au- 
thority, Philadelphia  Company. 

Thickness  Total 


(Elevation,  1405'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  251  251 

Pittsburgh  coal 9 260 

Unrecorded  490  750 

Big  Dunkard  sand 60  810 

Unrecorded  90  900 

Sand,  Salt?  (“Gas”  and  II  Cow  Run) 205  1105 

Unrecorded  65  1170 

Salt  sand 80  1250 

Unrecorded  70  1320 

Sand,  Maxton?  (Salt) 55  1375 

Unrecorded  246  1621 

Big  Lime 49  1670 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1712') 105  1775 

Unrecorded  415  2190 

Sand,  Thirty-foot?  (Fifty-foot)  (gas,  2208') 25  2215 

Unrecorded  22  2237 

Sand,  Gordon  Stray?  (Thirty-fooc)  (gas,  2239'  and  2267')  33  2270 

Unrecorded  25  2295 

Sand,  Gordon?  (Gordon  Stray) 17  2312 

Unrecorded  150  2462 

Fourth  sand  (gas,  2478'  and  2493') 48  2510 

Unrecorded  113  2623 

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2629') 11  2634 

Slate  to  bottom 21  2655 


The  log  of  the  S.  E.  Hamrick  No.  1145  well  (657),  lo- 
cated near  the  head  of  Crooked  run,  is  published  in  connec- 
tion with  the  section  for  N.  E.  of  Wilsonburg,  page  110. 
Northward  from  Clarksburg  to  Farnum  in  Coal  district  the 
bottom  portion  of  the  Shinnston  Basin  suddenly  flattens 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


525 


southward  and  enlarges  to  a Avidth  of  3 to  4 miles,  forming  a 
high  structural  terrace  on  which  there  occur  many  gas  wells 
along  both  banks  of  West  Fork  river.  The  four  following 
records  from  this  locality  contain  much  data  of  interest : 


John  Q.  McIntyre  No.  1 Well  Record  (652). 


Located  in  Coal  District,  0.4  mile  north  of  Farnum.  Authority, 
Hope  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  975'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1383  1383 

Big  Injun  sand 120  1503 

Unrecorded  (gas  in  Fifty-foot  sand) 609  2112 

Gordon  sand 13  2115 

Unrecorded  265  2380 

Fifth  sand  (gas)  to  bottom 16  2396 


The  well  starts  45  feet,  by  aneroid,  below  the  Pittsburgh 

coal. 


Moses  Tichenall  No.  1 Well  Record  (655). 


Located  in  Coal  District,  1 mile  north  of  Adamston  on  west  bank 
of  river.  Authority,  Clarksburg  Light  and  Heat  Company.  Completed 
September  26,  1910. 


(Elevation,  925'  B-A.  T.) 

Unrecorded  

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 

Unrecorded  

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (Burning  Springs) 

Unrecorded  

Gas  sand 

Unrecorded  

Salt  sand 

Unrecorded  

Maxton  sand 

Unrecorded  

Little  lime 

Pencil  cave 

Big  Lime 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1310') 

Unrecorded  

Sand,  Berea?  (Gantz) 

Fifty-foot  sand 

Unrecorded  

Sand,  Thirty-foot 

Unrecorded  

Sand,  Stray 15') 

Unrecorded  5 }■( Fourth) 

Sand,  Gordon? 20  J 


Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 
....  390  390 

30  420 

100  520 

. . . . 30  550 

50  600 

. ...  50  650 

70  720 

. ...  154  874 

. ...  222  1096 

20  1116 

99  1215 

12  1227 

. . . . 10  1237 

. . . . 63  1300 

111  1411 

389  1800 

....  30  1830 

100  1930 

. . . . 20  1950 

20  1970 

150  2120 

....  40  2160 


526 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Unrecorded  45  2205 

Sand,  Fourth?  (local) 10  2215 

Unrecorded  46  2261 

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2264')  to  bottom 44  2305 


The  well  starts  135  feet,  by  aneroid,  below  the  Pittsburgh 

coal. 

Smith  and  Cole  No.  1 Well  Record  (655 A). 


Located  in  Coal  District,  1 mile  north  of  Clarksburg.  Authority, 
Pennsylvania  Oil  & Gas  Company.  Completed  Nov.  8,  1909. 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1290  129o 

Big  Lime 65  1355 

Big  Injun  sand 110  1465 

Unrecorded  345  1810 

Sand,  Thirty-foot?  (Gantz  and  Fifty-foot)  (gas,  1890') 

and  unrecorded 502  2312 

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2324'-2338') 30  2342 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 24  2364 

10"  casing,  185';  8%"  casing,  670';  6%"  casing,  1356';  3"  tubing, 
2364'.  Packer  set  at  1380'. 

“Initial  gas  volume,  4,000,000  cubic  feet  daily.” 


According  to  the  owners  of  the  above  well,  their  Pritch- 
ard No.  1 (663)  had  an  initial  gas  volume  of  7 million  cu.  ft. 
daily. 

Lyons  No.  1 Well  Record  (663 A). 


Located  in  Coal  District,  1 mile  north  of  Clarksburg.  Authority, 
Pennsylvania  Oil  & Gas  Company.  Completed  April  28,  1910. 


Thickness. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Unrecorded  

25 

Pittsburgh  coal 

8 

33 

Unrecorded  

787 

820 

Sand,  First  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run) 

60 

880 

Unrecorded  

70 

950 

Second  Salt  sand 

50 

1000 

Unrecorded  (gas,  1355') 

1360 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1545') 

240 

1600 

Unrecorded  

320 

1920 

Sand,  Gantz 20'  ] 

Unrecorded  15  \ (Gantz) 

50 

1970 

Sand,  Fifty-foot 15  j 

Unrecorded  

15 

1985 

Sand,  Thirty-foot?  (Fifty-foot)  (gas, 

2014') 

and  unre- 

corded  to  bottom 

2034 

10"  casing,  153';  81A"  casing,  760' 

; 6%" 

casing,  1010';  3" 

tubing, 

2034'.  Packer  set  at  1367'. 

“Initial  gas  volume,  5,000,000  cu.  ft.  daily.” 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


The  log  of  the  Moses  Tichenall  No.  1 well  (655)  above 
shows  the  Fifty-foot  sand  in  this  locality,  coming  I960'  below 
the  Pittsburgh  coal;  hence,  the  gas  horizon  in  the  Lyons  well 
(663A)  must  represent  that  sand,  and  not  the  Thirty-foot  as 
given  by  the  driller. 

The  detailed  log  of  the  Dick  Smith  No.  1 well  (668), 
located  on  the  west  bank  of  Simpson  creek,  2 miles  southeast 
of  Meadowbrook,  was  published  on  page  330  of  Vol.  1(A) 
of  the  State  Geological  reports.  It  reports  gas  in  the  Big 
Injun  and  Gordon,  and  an  oil  show  in  the  Bayard  sand. 

On  Jack  run  northward  from  Clarksburg,  where  the 
latter  stream  intersects  the  axis  of  the  Shinnston  Basin, 
there  occur  two  or  three  wells  in  which  a good  showing  of 
oil  was  encountered  in  the  Bayard  sand.  The  detailed  record 
of  one  of  these  borings;  viz.,  Robt.  W.  Coon  No.  1 (665),  is 
published  in  connection  with  the  Two  Miles  N.  of  Clarks- 
burg section,  page  112.  This  well  reports  two  barrels  of  oil 
daily  from  a sand  2465  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal  and 
60  feet  below  the  base  of  the  Fifth  sand.  The  record  notes 
a show  of  black  oil  in  the  I Cow  Run,  and  gas  in  the  Fifth 
sand. 

The  record  of  the  N.  M.  Talbott  No.  1 well  (666)  from 
this  Bayard  sand  oil  pool,  was  published  on  page  329  of  Vo*. 
1(A)  of  the  State  Geological  reports.  This  well  starts  5 
feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal,  and  its  log  reports  the  Bayard 
sand  at  a depth  of  2450  feet.  A gas  pay  was  encountered 
near  the  top  of  the  latter  sand,  and  an  oil  show  near  the 
bottom  of  the  same  horizon. 

Southeastward  on  Murphy  run  there  occurs  a gas  w'ell 
on  the  land  of  the  Consolidation  Coal  Company.  It  was  not 
learned  at  what  horizon  the  gas  was  encountered. 

Prospective  Oil  and  Gas  Territory,  Coal  District. — The 

western  portion  of  Coal  district  has  been  quite  thoroughly 
tested  and  found  very  prolific  gas  territory,  but  there  remains 
a considerable  acreage  in  the  central  and  eastern  parts  of  the 
district  that  is  favored  both  by  development  and  geologic 
structure  to  a degree  sufficient  to  warrant  the  drilling  of 
many  more  wells.  (1)  That  portion  of  the  district  imme- 


528 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


diately  northwestward  from  Adamston  to  Crooked  run  ap- 
pears good  for  Big  Injun,  Fifty-foot  and  Fifth  sand  gas;  and 
(2)  that,  northeastward  from  Clarksburg,  and  westward  from 
Murphy  run,  for  gas  at  the  same  horizons,  with  a chance  for 
Bayard  sand  oil  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  Jack  run 
pool,  and  northward  therefrom  along  the  axis  of  the  Shinns- 
ton  Basin  to  the  Coal-Simpson  district  line. 

CLARK  DISTRICT. 

Clark  district  lies  directly  south  of  Coal  district,  and  it 
is  traversed  by  the  same  structural  folds  as  the  latter  area; 
viz.,  the  Wolf  Summit  anticline  and  the  Shinnston  syncline; 
hence,  its  strata  are  very  much  warped  and  disturbed.  A 
glance  at  the  structure  map  accompanying  this  report  will 
show  the  Pittsburgh  coal  varying  in  elevation  from  1080' 
A.T.  at  the  east  edge  of  Clarksburg  to  over  1350'  A.T.,  1 mile 
north  of  Quiet  Dell.  Owing  to  its  high  structural  level  and 
to  practically  the  same  conditions  prevailing  as  that  men- 
tioned in  the  introductory  discussion  of  Coal  district,  the 
entire  area  of  Clark  appears  favorable  for  gas,  as  no  wells 
producing  oil  have  yet  been  drilled  within  its  boundaries. 
The  development  will  now  be  considered  from  west  to  east. 

Near  the  crest  of  the  Wolf  Summit  Arch  on  the  waters 
of  Simpson  fork  and  Davisson  run,  30  to  40  gas  wells  have 
been  drilled.  The  main  gas  horizons  are  the  Big  Injun, 
Gordon  and  Fifth  sands.  The  following  is  a record  of  one 
of  these  wells : 

B.  W.  Brown  No.  1 Well  Record  (671). 

Located  in  Clark  District,  1*4  miles  south  70°  east  of  Wilsonburg. 
Authority,  Reserve  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  990'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1260  1260 

Big  Injun  sand 60  1320 

Unrecorded  702  2022 

Gordon  sand  (gas) 20  2042 

Unrecorded  159  2201 

Fifth  sand  (gas) 38  2239 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 3 2242 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


529 


The  well  starts  150  feet,  by  aneroid,  below  the  Pitts- 
burgh coal. 

The  detailed  record  of  the  Hattie  Porter  No.  1 well, 
located  one  mile  south  of  Wilsonburg,  is  published  in  con- 
nection with  the  South  of  Wilsonburg  section,  page  115.  Gas 
is  reported  in  the  Salt,  Big  Injun  and  Gordon  Stray  sands. 

The  two  following  records  are  from  wells  located  just  on 
the  east  side  of  the  axis  of  the  Shinnston  syncline,  on  the 
waters  of  Elk  creek : 


W.  G.  Kester  No.  1 Well  Record  (678). 

Located  in  Clark  District,  2 miles  S.  30°  E.  of  Clarksburg.  Au- 
thority, Graselli  Chemical  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  995'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Conductor  8 8 

Lime  65  73 

Sand,  (Grafton) 107  180 

Slate  29  209 

Lime  90  299 

Sand,  (I  Cow  Run) 20  319 

Lime  40  359 

Soft  lime  and  slate 251  610 

Gas  sand 90  700 

Slate  and  shells. 85  785 

Lime,  sandy 35  820 

Lime  70  890 

Sand,  (Salt) 50  940 

Lime  12  952 

Slate  and  shells 40  992 

Lime,  soft 80  1072 

Sand,  (Maxton) 18  1090 

Red  rock 40  1130 

Lime  60  1190 

Red  rock 35  1225 

Slate  30  1255 

time :::::::: : : : : : : : : : '.97 } <Big  Lime) 192  1447 

Big  Injun  sand 78  1525 

Red  rock 35  1560 

Lime  40  1600 

Slate  and  shel’s 30  1630 

Sand,  (Squaw) 25  1655 

Slate  and  shells 206  1861 

Sand,  (Gantz) 35  1896 

Slate  5 1901 

Sand,  (Fifty-foot  and  Thirtv-foot) 186  2087 

Red  rock 128  2215 

Sand,  (Fourth) 36  2251 

Red  rock 35  2286 

Slate  and  shells 88  2374 


530 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Fifth  sand  (light  gas  and  oil  show) 35  2409 

White  slate 97  2506 


The  well  starts  5 feet  above  the  Little  Clarksburg  coal. 


Angeline  Ash  No.  1 Well  Record  (680). 


Located  in  Clark  District,  1 mite  southeast  of  Clarksburg.  Au- 
thority, C’arksburg  Light  and  Heat  Company.  Completed  Oct.  16, 


1909. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  960'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  300  300 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 20  320 

Unrecorded  80  400 

Big  Dunkard  sand 20  420 

Unrecorded  260  680 

Sand,  First  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt) 145  725 

Unrecorded  50  775 

Sait  sand 75  850 

Unrecorded  490  1340 

Little  lime 10  1350 

Pencil  cave 10  1360 

Big  Lime 60  1420 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1430') 105  1525 

Unrecorded  347  1872 

Sand,  Fifty-foot?  (Gantz,  50-ft.  and  30-ft.)  (gas  and 

water,  1874') 208  2080 

Red  rock  and  shells 100  2180 

Sand,  Fourth  (Gordon) 12  2192 

Red  rock  and  she’ls 181  2373 

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2378')  to  bottom 16  2389 


The  well  starts  115  feet  by  aneroid  below  the  Pittsburgh 

coal. 

In  the  extreme  southeast  corner  of  Clark  district  there 
occur  two  wells  (676  and  677)  that  appear  to  be  gassers  in 
the  Fifth  sand.  The  detailed  log  of  one  of  these  borings ; 
viz.,  John  Cost  No.  1 (676),  is  published  in  connection  with 
the  Quiet  Dell  section,  page  117. 


Prospective  Oil  and  Gas  Territory,  Clark  District. — As 

mentioned  in  the  introductory  discussion  of  this  district, 
practically  the  whole  area  of  Clark  appears  favorable  for  gas 
at  some  horizon  down  to  and  including  the  Fifth  sand.  (1) 
That  portion  of  the  district  to  the  south,  west  and  north- 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


531 


west  of  the  mouth  of  Davisson  run,  warrants  the  drilling 
of  several  more  wells  for  gas;  (2)  that,  drained  by  Arnold 
and  Dull  runs  also  appears  good  for  gas;  and  (3)  all  that 
part  of  the  district  south  of  the  39°  15'  parallel  of  North  Lati- 
tude, for  gas. 

SIMPSON  DISTRICT. 

Simpson  district  lies  along  the  eastern  border  of  Harrison 
county,  south  from  Clay,  and.it  is  traversed  by  four  structural 
folds ; viz.,  the  Chestnut  Ridge  and  Beards  Run  anticlines, 
and  the  Shinnston  and  Grassland  synclines.  Its  strata  are 
even  more  warped  and  disturbed  than  that  in  the  other  dis- 
tricts heretofore  described.  A glance  at  the  structure  map 
accompanying  this  report  will  show  much  relief  prevailing 
therein.  Although  several  gas  wells  already  occur  within  its 
boundaries,  yet  this  district  has  not  been  so  thoroughly  tested 
as  other  portions  of  the  county. 

The  following  is  the  record  of  a Fifty-foot  sand  oil  well, 
located  on  Barnett  run.  The  production  of  the  well  was  not 
learned,  but  it  was  in  sufficient  quantity  to  justify  saving 
the  oil : 

Morgan  R.  Lodge  No.  1 Well  Record  (683). 

Located  in  Simpson  District,  2 miles  N.  15°  W.  of  Bridgeport. 
Authority,  South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness  Total 


(Elevation,  990'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1340  1340 

Big  Injun  sand 65  1405 

Unrecorded  (oil  in  Fifty-foot  sand) 570  1975 

Gordon  sand 15  1990 

Unrecorded  130  2120 

Fifth  sand  10  2130 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 390  2520 


The  well  starts  203  feet  by  hand-level  below  the  Pitts- 
burgh coal. 

The  same  company  drilled  a dry  hole  during  1910,  one 
mile  northward  from  the  above  well,  of  which  the  following 
is  a record : 


532 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Morgan  R.  Lodge  No.  2 Well  Record  (682). 


Located  in  Simpson  District,  2%  miles  N.  10°  W.  of  Bridgeport. 
Authority,  South  Penn  Oil  Company. 

Thickness  Total 
Feet.  Feet. 


Unrecorded  1470  1470 

Big  Injun  sand 100  1570 

Unrecorded  495  2065 

Gordon  sand 25  2090 

Unrecorded  190  2280 

Fifth  sand 5 2285 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 186  2471 

“Dry  well.” 


The  following  is  the  record  of  a dry  hole  on  the  head  of 
Thomas  fork  of  Booths  creek,  in  the  northeast  corner  of  the 
district.  The  log  fails  to  report  the  Bayard  sand,  although 
drilled  325  feet  below  the  Fifth  sand: 


John  Nuzum  No.  1 Well  Record  (684). 


Located  in  Simpson  District,  1 mile  southeast  of  McAlpin.  Au- 
thority, Hope  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Thickness  Total 


(Elevation,  1110'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1270  1270 

Big  Injun  sand 130  1400 

Unrecorded  775  2175 

Fifth  sand 40  2215 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 325  2540 

“Dry  in  all  sands.” 


The  well  starts  about  240  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal. 

Several  gas  wells  have  been  drilled  in  the  region  imme- 
diately surrounding  Bridgeport.  The  five  following  records 
give  interesting  data  as  to  the  gas  horizons,  and  the  coal  beds 
penetrated : 

Jesse  H.  Willis  No.  1 Well  Record  (686). 


Located  in  Simpson  District,  % mile  north  of  Bridgeport.  Au- 
thority, Clarksburg  Oil  & Gas  Company. 

Thickness  Total 


(Elevation,  1050'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  155  155 

Coal,  (Bakerstown) 7 162 

Unrecorded  108  270 

Coal,  (Brush  Creek) 7 277 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


533 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Unrecorded  193  470 

Coal,  (Upper  Kittanning) (11)  (481) 

Unrecorded  804  1285 


Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1290')  and  unrecorded  to  bottom..  957  2242 

“Initial  daily  gas  volume,  1,000,000  cu.  ft.;  rock  pressure,  600  lbs.” 

The  well  starts  about  260  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal. 

The  coals  reported  in  this  boring  are  without  doubt 
mostly  black  slate,  since  a coal  test  boring  (690)  by  Payne 
and  Brady  on  the  Sandusky  farm,  1.7  miles  southeastward, 
obtained  only  thin  streaks  of  coal  at  the  horizons  of  the 
Brush  Creek  and  Upper  Kittanning,  while  the  Bakerstown 
only  a few  inches  thick,  crops  10  to  20  feet  above  the  well 
mouth. 

Miss  C.  N.  Johnson  No.  1 Well  Record  (687). 

Located  in  Simpson  District,  y2  mile  south  of  Bridgeport.  Au- 
thority, Bridgeport  Natural  Gas  and  Oil  Company. 

Thickness  Total 


Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  275  275 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (Big  Dunkard) 35  310 

Unrecorded  60  370 

First  Gas  sand 70  440 

Unrecorded  30  470 

Second  Gas  sand 80  550 

Unrecorded  30  580 

Sand,  Third  Gas?  (II  Cow  Run) 25  605 

Unrecorded  30  635 

Salt  sand 65  700 

Unrecorded  100  800 

Salt  sand 70  870 

Unrecorded  335  1205 

Maxton  sand  (gas,  1203') 20  1225 

Big  Lime 60  1285 

Big  Injun  sand 90  1375 

Unrecorded  365  1740 

Fifty-foot  sand 207  1947 

Unrecorded  183  2130 

Sand,  Fifth 10  2140 

Unrecorded  „ 120  2260 

Bayard  sand 35  2295 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 15  2310 


10"  casing,  125';  6"  casing,  1175';  2"  casing,  2310'. 

Jesse  H.  Willis  No.  3 Well  Record  (688). 

Located  in  Simpson  District,  % mile  northeast  of  Bridgeport.  Au- 
thority, Bridgeport  Natural  Gas  & Oil  Company. 

Thickness  Total 


(Elevation,  988'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded* 133  133 

Coal,  (Brush  Creek) 3 136 


534 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  49  185 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (Big  Dunkard) 43  228 

Unrecorded  2 230 

Coal,  (Upper  Freeport) 4 234 

Unrecorded  6 240 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (Burning  Springs) 50  290 

Unrecorded  10  300 

Gas  sand 40  340 

Unrecorded  10  350 

Coal,  (Upper  Kittanning) 6 350 

Unrecorded  4 360 

Coal,  (Middle  Kittanning) 5 365 

Unrecorded  3 368 

Sand,  First  Salt?  (Clarion)  (water,  399') 66  434 

Unrecorded  24  458 

Sand,  Second  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run)  water,  480') 20  478 

Unrecorded  47  525 

Sand,  (Salt)... 47  572 

Unrecorded  48  620 

Sand  (Salt)  (water  and  gas,  650') 70  690 

Unrecorded  110  800 

Red  rock 165  965 

Sand,  (Maxton) 65  1030 

Red  rock 25  1055 

Unrecorded  29  1084 

Little  lime 10  1094 

Pencil  cave 20  1114 

Unrecorded  6 1120 

Sand,  Blue  Monday  (gas,  1122') 4 1124 

Unrecorded  4 1128 

Big  Lime 55  1183 

Unrecorded  4 1187 

Big  Injun  sand  (water,  1288') 113  1300 

Unrecorded  -..  345  1645 

Sand,  Fifty-foot?  (50-ft.,  30-ft.  and  Stray)  (gas,  1698') . . 235  1880 

Red  rock  and  unrecorded 300  2180 

Bayard  sand  (oil  show,  2195') 32  2212 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 10  2222 

10"  casing,  95';  8"  casing,  572';  6%"  casing,  1133';  5fg"  casing 
1651'. 

The  well  starts  55  feet  by  aneroid  below  the  Harlem  coal. 

The  coals  reported  in  the  foregoing  record  are  doubtless- 
more  than  half  black  slate,  and  the  same  is  true  of  the  Clarioi 
coal  reported  from  the  following  drill  hole : 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


535 


Bridgeport  Saw  and  Planing  Mill  Company 
No.  1 Well  Record  (689). 

Located  in  Simpson  District,  in  Bridgeport.  Authority,  Bridge- 
port Natural  Gas  and  Oil  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  970'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  67  67 

Coal,  (Bakerstown) . 2 69 

Unrecorded  86  155 

Coal,  (Brush  Creek) 5 160 

Unrecorded  170  830 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (“Gas”) 50  380 

Unrecorded  50  430 

Coal,  (Clarion) 10  440 

Unrecorded  840  1280 

Big  Injun  sand 70  1350 

Unrecorded  100  1450 

Squaw  sand 153  1603 

Unrecorded  222  1825 

Sand,  (30-ft.,  Stray  ar.d  Gordon) 155  1980 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 242  2222 


“Gas  in  Bayard  sand,  200,000  cu.  ft.;  rock  pressure,  500  lbs.” 

10"  casing,  100';  8"  casing,  685';  6^4"  casing,  1150'.  Packed  at 
1192'  in  Big  Lime.  ! 

The  well  starts  32  feet  by  hand-level  below  the  Harlem 

coal. 

The  detailed  record  of  the  J.  R.  Stout  No.  1 well  (685), 
located  1.2  miles  north  of  Bridgeport,  is  published  in  connec- 
tion with  the  section  for  the  latter  place,  page  119. 

Southeastward  on  the  crest  of  the  Chestnut  Ridge  anti- 
cline, the  Hope  Natural  Gas  Company  drilled  the  Hampton 
Lang  No.  1 dry  hole  (695),  located  1.8  miles  northeast  of 
Quiet  Dell.  This  well  starts  over  200  feet  below  the  horizon 
of  the  Pittsburgh  coal,  and  is  reported  to  have  reached  a 
depth  of  about  2300  feet. 

Three-fourths  mile  southwestward,  the  same  company 
drilled  a gas  well  (696)  on  the  Strother  Stout  farm,  nearly  on 
the  axis  of  the  same  structural  fold.  It  was  not  learned  at 
what  horizon  the  gas  was  encountered,  but  it  was  probably 
in  the  Big  Injun,  or  Thirty-foot,  as  this  company  reports  the 
Chas.  J.  Roy  No.  1 well  (697),  0.9  mile  eastward,  a gasser 
at  the  same  horizons. 

Three  miles  eastward  in  the  low  gap  between  Coplin  and 
Pigtail  runs,  the  Hope  Natural  Gas  Company  drilled  a dry 
hole  (699)  nearly  on  the  crest  of  the  Beards  Run  anticline. 


536 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


The  following  record  of  this  well,  with  modifications  in 
parentheses  by  the  writer,  is  taken  from  page  291  of  Bulletin 
No.  298  of  the  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey. 


George  Lancaster  No.  1 Well  Record  (699). 


Located  in  Simpson  District,  1.8  miles  northeast  of  Grassland. 
Authority,  Hope  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1365'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  42  42 

Coal,  Pittsburgh 6 48 

Unrecorded  520  568 

Dunkard  sand 32  600 

Unrecorded  75  675 

Gas  sand 35  710 

Unrecorded  320  1030 

Salt  sand  (Maxton) 60  1090 

Unrecorded  180  1270 

Big  Lime? 70  1340 

Sand,  Big  Injun? 140  1480 

Unrecorded  298  1778 

Sand,  Fifty-foot?  Squaw? 42  1820 

Unrecorded  200  2020 

Sand,  Stray  (Fifty-foot) 25  2045 

Unrecorded  25  2070 

Sand,  Gordon?  Nineveh?  (Thirty-foot) 15  2085 

Unrecorded  270  2355 

Sand,  Fifth  (Fourth) 20  2375 

Unrecorded  125  2500 

Lime  and  shells 500  r 3000 

Lime,  sand  and  shells 280  3280 

Unrecorded  5 3285 

Sand  (salt  water  at  3295  ) (Speechley?) 25  3310 

Black  slate 10  3320 

Hard  lime 20  3340 

Black  slate 31  3371 


10"  casing,  270';  8 1/4"  casing,  1400'.  Dry  hole. 


The  coal  at  42  feet  undoubtedly  represents  the  Pittsburgh 
bed,  since  the  latter  crops  about  this  distance  below  the  well 
mouth ; hence,  it  appears  the  drillers  have  erred  in  their  cor- 
relation of  the  Big  Injun  sand,  as  the  top  of  the  latter  belongs 
about  1550  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal  in  wells  3 miles 
northwestward  and  2 miles  southwestward. 

Two  miles  southwestward  from  the  latter  well,  near 
Grassland,  the  Tri-State  Gas  Company  drilled  the  deepest 
well  in  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area,  the  detailed  log  of 
which  is  published  in  connection  with  the  Grassland  section, 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


537 


page  120.  The  record  reports  a little  gas  in  the  Chemung 
and  Portage  beds  at  a depth  of  2950  feet,  3125  feet  below  the 
Pittsburgh  coal. 

The  following  is  the  record  of  a well  drilled  by  the  South 
Penn  Oil  Company  a short  distance  up  the  western  slope  of 
the  Grassland  syncline,  in  which  sufficient  gas  was  encoun- 
tered in  the  Big  Injun  sand  to  provide  the  fuel  for  the  com- 
pletion of  the  well.  It  starts  10  feet  below  the  Elk  Lick 
coal,  and  260  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  bed : 

L.  L.  Long  No.  1 Well  Record  (698). 


Located  in  Simpson  District,  1.2  miles  westward  from  Grassland. 


Authority,  G.  M.  Allender. 

Thickness  Total 

(Elevation,  1020'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  150  150 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 40  190 

Unrecorded  290  480 

Gas  sand 70  550 

Unrecorded  100  650 

Salt  sand  t 150  800 

Unrecorded  230  1030 

Maxton  sand 70  1100 

Unrecorded  80  1180 

Big  Lime. t 67  1247 

Big  Injun  sand  (gas,  1267') 63  1310 

Unrecorded  5 1315 

Red  rock 15  1330 

Sand,  Stray?  (Squaw) 35  1365 

Unrecorded  365  1730 

Sand,  Fifty-foot  (50-ft.  and  30-ft.) 110  1840 

Unrecorded  t o5  1895 

Gordon  sand 15  1910 

Red  sand 35  1945 

Unrecorded  t 55  2000 

Fourth  sand 45  204? 

Unrecorded  >. 128  2173 

Fifth  sand 22  2195 

Unrecorded  to  bottom  (no  sands) 330  2525 


10"  casing,  130';  8"  casing,  1151';  6%"  casing,  1621'. 


Prospective  Oil  and  Gas  Territory,  Simpson  District. — 

Although  the  structural  conditions  are  ideal  over  a large 
portion  of  Simpson  district  for  the  accumulation  of  large  pools 
of  natural  gas,  yet  several  test  wells,  scattered  over  its  area, 
especially  in  the  southeast  half,  have  proved  rather  dis- 
appointing to  the  operator.  A glance  at  the  economic  geology 


538 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


map  accompanying  this  report,  will  show  the  location  of  these 
wells,  the  most  of  which  have  been  referred  to  in  the  fore- 
going pages.  However,  it  has  been  learned  by  experience 
that  a single  dry  hole  does  not  actually  condemn  a very  large 
acreage  of  the  immediately  surrounding  territory,  since  it 
often  happens  that  such  a well  occurs  in  the  midst  of  an  oil 
pool,  due  to  a local  hardening  of  the  sand ; hence,  in  the 
writer's  judgment,  there  yet  remains  a large  acreage  in  Simp- 
son that  warrants  the  drilling  of  more  test  wells.  These 
areas  will  now  be  considered  from  northwest  to  southeast  in 
the  district. 

(1)  That  territory  along  the  axis  of  the  Shinnston  Basin,, 
eastward  from  Meadowbrook,  appears  favorable  for  Big  Injun 
gas  with  a chance  for  Bayard  sand  oil,  in  view  of  the  fine 
showing  of  the  Silas  Ogden  No.  1 well  (648)  to  the  north- 
ward in  the  same  Basin;  (2)  that,  northeastward  from  Simp- 
son creek  to  the  Simpson-Clay  district  line,  between  the  1000 
and  1100-foot  contours  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  as  outlined  on 
the  structure  map  accompanying  this  report,  for  gas  in  the 
Big  Injun,  With  a chance  for  oil  or  gas  in  the  Fifty-foot,. 
Gordon  and  Bayard  sands;  (3)  that,  on  Barnett  run,  imme- 
diately to  the  northeast  and  southwest  of  the  Morgan  R. 
Lodge  No.  1 well  (683),  for  oil  in  the  Fifty-foot  sand;  (4) 
that,  along  the  crest  of  the  Chestnut  Ridge  anticline  south- 
westward  from  the  Taylor-Harrison  county  line  to  the  39° 
15'  parallel  of  N.  Latitude,  for  gas  in  the  Maxton,  Big  Injun, 
Fifty-foct,  and  Bayard  sands;  and  (5)  that,  drained  by  the 
waters  of  Beards  run  southwest  of  Tyrconnell  Mines,  for 
gas  with  a chance  for  oil  on  account  of  the  terrace  structure 
prevailing  at  this  place. 

GRANT  DISTRICT. 

Grant  district  lies  along  the  southern  border  of  Harrison 
county,  on  the  east  of  and  adjoining  West  Fork  river.  Its 
area  is  traversed  by  three  structural  folds;  viz.,  the  Wolf 
Summit  and  Chestnut  Ridge  anticlines,  and  the  Shinnston 
synclines  By  far  the  greater  portion  lies  within  the  latter 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


539 


Basin.  A glance  at  the  structure  map  accompanying  this 
report  will  show  that  much  relief  prevails  therein,  and  that 
the  entire  area  of  the  district  occupies  a high  structural  level, 
due  to  the  convergence  southward  of  the  axes  of  the  above- 
mentioned  anticlines,  the  latter  feature  causing  the  rapid 
rise  southward  of  the  axis  of  the  Shinnston  Basin  across  the 
county ; hence,  as  should  be  expected,  almost  the  whole  of 
Grant  is  valuable  gas  territory. 

The  greatest  development  has  taken  place  on  Browns 
run ; in  the  region  immediately  to  the  west  of  the  axis  of  the 
Chestnut  Ridge  Arch;  and  along  West  Fork  river  on  and 
near  the  crest  of  the  Wolf  Summit  fold. 

In  the  north  pan-handle  of  Grant,  15  to  20  gas  wells  have 
already  been  drilled  on  the  waters  of  Browns  run.  A num- 
ber of  the  same  are  grouped  around  Byron,  the  detailed  record 
of  one- of  which;  viz.,  Claude  Davisson  No.  1 (701),  is  pub- 
lished in  connection  with  the  Byron  section,  page  122.  This 
well  is  a heavy  gasser  from  the  Fifth  sand. 

The  following  record  is  from  a Fifth  sand  gasser  near 
the  head  of  Browns  run : 


Levi  Paugh  No.  1352  Well  Record  (704). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  2 miles  southeast  of  Byron.  'Author- 
ity, Hope  Natural  Gas  Company. 


(Elevation,  1176'  L-A.  T.) 

Unrecorded  

Big  Injun  sand 

Unrecorded  

Fifth  sand  (gas) 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 


Thickness. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

1410 

1410 

. ...  95 

1505 

785 

2290 

22 

2312 

. . . . .3 

2315 

The  wejl  starts  150  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal. 

Southward  in  the  region  immediately  northeast  and 
southwest  of  Lost  Creek  station,  a large  number  of  heavy  gas 
wells  have  been  drilled  recently.  The  eleven  following  records 
from  wells  in  this  locality  contain  much  valuable  data  con- 
cerning both  the  gas  and  the  coal  beds  penetrated  by  the 
boring : 


540 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Seventh  Day  Baptist  Church  Lot  Well  Record  (705). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  % mile  northeast  of  Lost  Creek.  Au- 
thority, Lost  Creek  Oil  and  Gas  Company.  Completed  June  5,  1910. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1070'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Clay,  etc 58  58 

Sand  (water)  (Moundsville) 28  86 

Coal,  (Bakerstown) 33  119 

Sand  96  215 

Coal,  (Brush  Creek) 5 220 

Sand  (Big  Dunkard) 31  251 

Shale  169  420 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (“Gas”) 40  460 

Shale  (water,  425') 5 465 

Coal,  (Clarion) 7 472 

Shale  18  490 

Sand,  (II  Cow  Run) 30  520 

Shale  50  570 

Sand  40  610 

Shale  30  640 

Salt  sand  (water,  670') 65  705 

Sand  25  780 

Coal,  (Quakertown) 3 733 

Sand  2 735 

Lime  11  746 

Shale  64  810 

Sand,  (Salt) 65  875 

Shale  5 880 

Sand  (pocket  of  gas  at  890')  (Salt) 80  960 

Red  rock..., 24  984 

Lime  6 990 

Sand,  (Maxton) 50  1040 

Red  rock 85  1125 

Black  slate 45  1170 

Little  lime * 10  1180 

Pencil  cave 20  1200 

Big  Lime 60  1260 

Sand,  Big  Injun  (gas,  1280') 140  1400 

White  slate 20  1420 

Gritty  lime.- 18  1438 

Slate  and  shells 22  1460 

Lime  163  1623 

Gantz  sand  (gas,  1625'-1640') 80  1703 

Black  slate 5 % 1708 

Fifty-foot  sand  (oil  and  water,  1723'  to  1730') 22  1730 

Sand  34  1764 

Sand  8 1772 

Black  slate 3 1775 

Sand,  Thirty-foot 35  1810 

Slate  and  shells 20  1830 

Hard  sand,  (Gordon  Stray) 28  1858 

Red  rock 75  1933 

Sand,  Gordon v 17  1950 

Red  rock 38  1988 

Fourth  sand 27  2015 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


541 


Shells  

Hard  sand  (local) 

Slate  and  shells 

Slate  

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2158') 
Slate  to  bottom 


Thickness. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

2030 

. . . 20 

2050 

...  45 

2095 

...  57 

2152 

, . . . 34 

2186 

7 

2193 

The  well  starts  about  300  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal. 
According  to  G.  M.  Gribble,  an  interested  party  in  the 
well,  it  would  have  pumped  15  to  25  barrels  of  oil  daily  from 
the  Fifty-foot  sand. 


Seventh  Day  Baptist  Church  Lot  No.  1 Well  Record  (706). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  at  Lost  Creek.  Authority,  Pennsyl- 
vania Oil  & Gas  Company. 

Thickness  Total 


(Elevation,  1020'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet 

Unrecorded  (water,  20'  and  180') 200  200 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (Big  Dunkard) 50  250 

Unrecorded  50  300 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (Burning  Springs) 50  350 

Unrecorded  70  420 

Gas  sand 35  455 

Unrecorded  t 140  595 

Salt  sand 50  645 

Unrecorded  (water,  656') 64  709 

Salt  sand 96  805 

Unrecorded  308  1113 

Little  lime 13  1126 

Unrecorded  . . ., r4  1150 

Pencil  cave 3 1153 

Big  Lime 53  1206 

Big  Injun  sand.. 118  1324 

Unrecorded  221  1545 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea)  (gas,  1545') 25  1570 

Unrecorded  80  1650 

Fifty-foot  sand 75  1725 

Unrecorded  ( 54  1779 

Thirty-foot  sand... 6 1785 

Unrecorded  t 143  1928 

Sand,  Gordon  Stray?  (Gordon) 11  1939 

Unrecorded  20  1959 

Sand,  Gordon?  (Fourth) 25  1984 

Unrecorded  93  2077 

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2092') 28  2105 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 5 2110 


The.  well  starts  20  feet  below  the  Harlem  coal  and  350 
feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  bed. 


542 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


I.  M.  Swisher  No.  1 Well  Record  (719). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  0.7  mile  northwest  of  Lost  Creek. 

Au- 

thority,  Tri-State  Gas  Company. 

Thickness 

Total 

(Elevation,  1160'  B-A.  T.) 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Unrecorded  

100 

Sand,  Murphy?  (Grafton)  (water,  165').... 

65 

165 

Unrecorded  

300 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard? 

(Biq  Dunkard) 

77 

377 

Unrecorded  

410 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard  (Burning  Springs,  Gas 

and  II  Cow 

Run)  

725 

Unrecorded  

27 

752 

Sand,  “Gas”?  (Salt)... 

66 

818 

Unrecorded  

825 

Salt  sand 

945 

Unrecorded  

115 

1060 

Maxton  sand 

1140 

Unrecorded  

1270 

Little  lime 

20 

1290 

Pencil  cave 

10 

1300 

Big  Lime  (hole  full  of 

water) 

62 

1362 

Unrecorded  

1370 

Big  Injun  sand 

120 

1490 

Unrecorded  

10 

1500 

Squaw  sand 

65 

1565 

Unrecorded  

240 

1805 

Sand,  Fifty-foot  (Gantz 

and  50-ft.) 

100 

1905 

Unrecorded  

35 

1940 

Sand,  (Thirty-foot) . . . . 

25 

1965 

Unrecorded  

25 

1990 

Gordon  Stray  sand.... 

20 

2010 

Unrecorded  

. ..' 60 

2070 

Gordon  sand 

40 

2110 

Unrecorded  

195 

2305 

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2310'). 

29 

2334 

Unrecorded  to  bottom.. 

8 

2342 

The  well  starts  165  feet  below  the  horizon  of  the  Pitts- 
burgh coal. 

L.  M.  Bassell  No.  3 Well  Record  (732D). 

Located  in  Grant  District,  mile  northwest  of  Lost  Creek.  Au- 
thority, Tri-State  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Unrecorded  620  620 

Salt  sand  (water,  680') 115  735 

Unrecorded  325  1060 

Red  rock 105  1165 

Unrecorded  70  1235 

Big  Lime 65  1300 

Big  Injun  sand  (water  and  gas.  1325') 121  1421 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


543 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  221  1642 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea)  (water  and  gas,  1645') 28  1670 

Unrecorded  55  1725 

Sand,  Fifty-foot  (Gantz  and  50-ft.)  (y2  bailer  of  water 

per  hour) 68  1793 

Unrecorded  57  1850 

Thirty-foot  sand 42  1892 

Unrecorded  120  2012 

Sand,  Gordon  Stray? 13'] 

Unrecorded  2 [-(Fourth)  38  2050 

Sand,  Gordon  23  J 

Unrecorded  120  2170 

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2172') 22  2192 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 11  \ 2203 J 

Bassell  Heirs  No.  2 Well  Record  (732B). 

Located  in  Grant  District,  0.3  mile  southwest  of  Lost  Creek.  Au- 
thority, Tri-State  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  450  450 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard  (“Gas”) 60  510 

Unrecorded  215  725 

Sand,  “Gas”  (Salt) 40  765 

Unrecorded  32  797 

Salt  sand 148  945 

Unrecorded  145  1190 

Big  Lime 85  1275 

Big  Injun  sand 115  1390 

Unrecorded  201  1591 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea)  (gas,  1605'-1617') 26  1617 

Unrecorded  (water,  1619'-1655') 38  1655 

Slate  and  shells 35  1690 

Fifty-foot  sand 30  1720 

Slate  and  shells 80  1800 

Thirty-foot  sand 40  1840 

Red  rock 130  1970 

Sand,  Stray?  (Gordon) 25  1995 

Unrecorded  8 2003 

Sand,  Gordon?  (Fourth)  (water,  2011') ...  41  2044 

Unrecorded  94  2138 

Fifth  sand 32  2170 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 45  2215 

“Tubed  w'ith  1617'  of  4"  Anchor  Packer  set  43'  from  bottom. 
Abandoned.” 

Bassell  Heirs  No.  1 Well  Record  (732A). 

Located  in  Grant  District,  0.4  mile  southwest  of  Lost  Creek.  Au- 
thority, Tri-State  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 

26  26 

24  50 

66  116 


Unrecorded  

Fine  water  we'l  in  lime,  and  unrecorded 
Fine  wa+er  well  in  sand  and  unrecorded 


544 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness. 

Total. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Coal,  (Bakerstown) 

2 

118 

Unrecorded  

155 

Sand  

5 

100 

Unrecorded  

200 

Sand,  (Big  Dunkard) 

231 

Unrecorded  

104 

335 

Coal,  (Upper  Kittanning) 

338 

Unrecorded  

365 

Sand  

40 

405 

Coal,  (Lower  Kittanning)?... 

. . . . 4 

409 

Unrecorded  

560 

Sand,  (Salt) 

648 

Unrecorded  

715 

Sand,  (Salt) 

750 

Unrecorded  

15 

765 

Sand  

800 

Unrecorded  

10 

810 

Sand  (Salt)  (hole  full  of  water,  885') 

75 

885 

Unrecorded  

5 

890 

Sand  

920 

Unrecorded  

15 

935 

Red  rock  and  slate 

255 

1190 

Big  Lime  (hole  full  of  water, 

1220') 

95 

1285 

Big  Injun  sand 

100 

1385 

Unrecorded  

183 

1567 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea)  (first  gas  pay,  1570'; 

second  pay, 

1583')  and  unrecorded  to 

bottom 

20 

1587 

“Tubed  with  1587'  of  4"  Anchor  Packer  set  47'  from  bottom.” 


The  drillers  in  this  region  mistake  the  Berea- sand  for 
the  Gantz. 

John  H.  Hardway  No.  1 Well  Record  (716). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  0.8  mile  S.  10° 

W.  of  Lost  Creek. 

Au- 

thority,  Graselli  Chemical 

Company. 

Thickness 

Total 

(Elevation,  1080'  B-A. 

T.) 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Conductor  

-16 

16 

Slate 

40 

56 

Coal, 

(Harlem) 

3 

59 

Slate 

. ..  .-r. 

30 

89 

Lime 

25 

114 

Slate 

56 

170 

Lime 

15 

185 

Slate 

.' 35 

220 

Lime 

40 

260 

Sand 

...' 10 

270 

Lime 

no 

380 

Coal , 

(Upper  Kittanning). 

6 

386 

Lime 

49 

435 

Little 

sand  (“Gas”) 

35 

470 

Slate 

44 

514 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


545 


Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

Lime  20  534 

Slate  ( 10  544 

Lime  38  582 

Sand,  (Salt) 35  617 

Slate  13  630 

Lime  5 635 

Sand,  (Salt) 81  716 

Slate  26  742 

Sand,  (Salt) 53  795 

Slate  ’ 4 799 

Sand  10  809 

Slate  25  834 

Sand  36  870 

Slate  5 875 

Sand  (Salt) 113  988 

Red  rock t 15  1003 

Lime  30  1033 

Rock  ' 73  1106 

Slate  35  1141 

Lime  41  1182 

Slate  ( 14  1196 

Big  Lime 104  1300 

Big  Injun  sand 100  1400 

Slate  ' 140  1540 

Lime  35  1575 

Slate  ’ 20  1595 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea)  (gas) 45  1640 

J.  N.  Rector  No.  1 Well  Record  (717A). 

Located  in  Grant  District,  % mile  southwest  of  Lost  Creek.  Au- 
thority, Tri-State  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 

(Elevation,  1155'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  345  345 

Sand,  Dunkard  (I  Cow  Run) 20  365 

Unrecorded  115  480 

Coal,  (Lower  Freeport) 2 482 

Unrecorded  41  523 

Gas  sand 48  571 

Unrecorded  57  628 

Sand  20  648 

Lime  30  678 

Sand,  First  Salt?  (II  Cow  Run) 30  708 

Break  15  723 

Salt  sand  (water,  775',  6 bailers) 67  790 

Unrecorded  10  800 

Sand,  (Salt) 75  875 

Unrecorded  5 880 

Sand  20  900 

Coal,  (Sharon?) 6 906 

Lime  32  938 

Sand,  (Maxton) 92  1030 

Unrecorded  25  1055 


546 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Red  rock 45  1100 

Unrecorded  170  1270 

Little  lime 25  1295 

Pencil  cave 11  1306 

Big  Lime 79  1385 

Big  Injun  sand 122  1507 

Unrecorded  133  1640 

Sand,  (Squaw) 20  1660 

Unrecorded  56  1716 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea)  (gas,  1719')  to  bottom 14  1730 


The  well  starts  about  160  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal. 


W.  G.  Kennedy  No.  1 Well  Record  (718). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  0.9  mile  southwest  of  Lost  Creek.  Au- 
thority, Tri-State  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1185'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  500  500 

Sand,  Dunkard?  (Burning  Springs) 90  590 

Unrecorded  160  750 

Sand,  Salt  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt)  (water,  810') 205  955 

Unrecorded  190  1145 

Maxton  sand 25  1170 

Unrecorded  174  1344 

Big  Lime  (water,  1384') 78  1422 

Big  Injun  sand 103  1525 

Unrecorded  248  1773 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea) 69  1842 

Unrecorded  18  1860 

Sand,  (Gantz) 40  1900 

Unrecorded  73  1973 

Fifty-foot  sand  (water,  1975'  and  1978') 17  1990 

Unrecorded  70  2060 

Sand,  (Thirty-foot) 52  2112 

Unrecorded  23  2135 

Sand,  (Gordon  Stray) 30  2165 

Unrecorded  8 2173 

Sand,  Gordon  Stray?  (Gordon) 13  2186 

Unrecorded  9 2195 

Sand,  Gordon? 10' 1 

Unrecorded  25  ) (Fourth)  45  2240 

Sand,  Fourth 10  j 

Unrecorded  64  2304 

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2304'  and  2311')  to  bottom 21  2325 


Reamed,  133';  cased  at  1845';  pulled,  reamed  and  cased,  1998'. 
Tubed  with  2325'  of  3"  and  one  5T3e"x3"  Larkin  packer. 


The  well  starts  125  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


547 


S.  J.  Davisson  No.  1 Well  Record  (718A). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  % mile  southwest  of  Lost  Creek.  Au- 
thority, Tri-State  Gas  Company. 


Thickness. 

Total. 

(Elevation,  1330'  B-A.  T.) 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Unrecorded  

10 

10 

Pittsburgh  coal?  (Redstone).. 

5 

15 

Unrecorded  

545 

560 

Big  Dunkard  sand 

40 

600 

Unrecorded  

265 

865 

Salt  sand 

325 

1190 

Unrecorded  

310 

1500 

Little  Lime 

20 

1520 

Unrecorded  

10 

1530 

Big  Lime 

1595 

Big  Injun  sand 

80 

1675 

Unrecorded  

223 

1898 

Sand,  Gantz  (Berea)  (gas,  1919';  water,  1940')... 

80 

1978 

Unrecorded  

62 

2040 

Fifty-foot  sand 

60 

2100 

Unrecorded  

210 

2310 

Sand,  Gordon  Stray?  (Gordon) 

14 

2324 

Unrecorded  

9 

2333 

Sand,  Gordon? 

Unrecorded  

Sand,  Fourth 

17'  1 

25  t (Fourth)  

15  J 

57 

2390 

Unrecorded  

60 

2450 

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2456'-2463') . . 

18 

2468 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 

26 

2494 

“Cased  at  1919';  afterward  reamed  down  and  cased  at  1986'.” 


L.  B.  Davisson  No.  1 Well  Record  (732C). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  1*4  miles  southwest  of  Lost  Creek.  Au- 
thority, Tri-State  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  90  90 

Coal,  (Elk  Lick) 3 93 

Unrecorded  62  155 

Coal,  (Harlem) 5 160 

Unrecorded  340  500 

Sand,  Dunkard  (“Gas”) 60  560 

Unrecorded  135  695 

Sand,  Salt  (II  Cow  Run  and  Salt) 415  1110 

Unrecorded  226  1336 

Big  Lime 59  1395 

Big  Injun  sand 142  1537 

Unrecorded  203  1740 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea) 36  1776 

Unrecorded  54  1830 

Sand,  (Gantz) 15  1845 

Unrecorded  255  2100 

Sand,  Gordon  Stray  (Gordon) 15  2115 


548 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Unrecorded  35  2140 

Sand,  Gordon?  (Fourth) 20  2160 

Unrecorded  20  2180 

Fourth  sand 15  2195 

Unrecorded  67  2262 

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2265') 16  2278 

Slate  and  shells  (bridged  at  2310'  and  shot) 342  2620 

Lime  20  2640 

Unrecorded  65  2705 

Sand  10  2715 

Unrecorded  138  2853 

Sand  32  2885 

Unrecorded  15  2900 

Lime  15  2915 

Unrecorded  85  3000 

Lime  25  3025 

Unrecorded  50  3075 

Lime  75  3150 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 33  3183 


The  above  is  a very  interesting  record,  in  that  two  sands 
are  reported  several  hundred  feet  below  the  Fifth  sand,  the 
well  reaching  a depth  of  over  3400  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh 
coal  bed. 

The  detailed  record  of  the  C.  S.  Gribble  No.  1 well 
(708A),  located  one  mile  southeast  from  Lost  Creek,  is  pub- 
lished in  connection  with  the  section  for  the  latter  place, 
page  124.  This  well  is  a heavy  gasser  in  the  Berea,  Fourth 
and  Fifth  sands,  having  an  initial  daily  volume  of  5,500,000 
cubic  feet  from  all  sands. 

A brief  record  of  the  L.  D.  Blake  No.  1 well  (712),  located 
near  the  head  of  Lost  creek  in  the  southeast  corner  of  Grant, 
is  given  in  the  Harrison  county  table  of  wells. 

About  15  gas  wells  have  been  drilled  along  the  southern 
border  of  Grant,  in  the  region  immediately  surrounding  Mc- 
Whorter. The  following  is  the  record  of  one  of  these  wells, 
taken  from  page  670  of  Vol.  11(A)  of  the  State  Survey  re- 
ports : 

W.  H.  NcWhorter  No.  3 Well  Record  (725). 


Loated  in  Grant  District,  2%  miles  southwest  of  Lost  Creek.  Au- 
thority, The  Raven  Carbon  Company. 

Thickness  Total 

(Elevation,  1390'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  8 8 

Redstone  coal  and  unrecorded 42  50 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


549 


Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

Pittsburgh  coal  and  unrecorded 405  455 

Coal,  (Bakerstown) ( 6 461 

Unrecorded  89  550 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  Big  Dunkard) 70  620 

Unrecorded  t 205  825 

Sand,  (II  cow  Run  and  Salt) 315  1140 

Unrecorded  10  1150 

Sand,  (Sale) 45  1195 

Unrecorded  20  1215 

Sand,  (Salt) 81  1296 

Unrecorded  258  1554 

Big  Lime 61  1615 

Big  Injun  sand 145  1760 

Unrecorded  191  1951 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea)  (gas,  1957') 61  2002 

Unrecorded  331  2333 

Gordon  Stray ( 12  2345 

Unrecorded  7 2352 

Gordon  sand  (gas,  2358';  water,  2361')  and  unrecorded 

to  bottom 10  2362 


“Initial  daily  volume  of  gas  JL, 500, 000  cu.  ft.  from  the  Gantz? 
(Berea)  and  1,000,000  cu.  ft.  from  the  Gordon. 


The  following  is  the  record  of  a gas  well  drilled  on  Lost 
creek,  near  the  axis  of  the  Shinnston  Basin.  The  well  starts 
about  135  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal : 


Porter  Maxwell  No.  1982  Well  Record  (720). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  1%  miles  southeast  of  West  Milford. 
Authority,  Philadelphia  Company.  Completed  Oct.  5,  1909. 


Thickness  Total 

(Elevation,  1015'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  370  370 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (Big  Dunkard) , 48  418 

Unrecorded  27  445 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (Burning  Springs  and  “Gas”) 

(water,  555') , 145  590 

Unrecorded  75  665 

Sand,  “Gas”?  (II  Cow  Run) 55  720 

Unrecorded  90  810 

Salt  sand , 40  850 

Unrecorded  475  1325 

Big  Lime 80  1405 

Big  Injun  sand..., 205  1610 

Unrecorded  140  1750 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea) 40  1790 

Unrecorded  50  1840 

Fifty-foot  sand  (water,  I860') 45  1885 

Unrecorded  35  1920 

Thirty-foot  sand 43  1963 

Unrecorded  77  2040 


550 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total. 
Feet.  Feet. 


Sand,  Gordon  Stray?  (Gordon) 55  2095 

Unrecorded  38  2133 

Sand,  Gordon?  (Fourth)  (oil,  2133';  water,  2136') 62  2195 

Unrecorded  71  2266 

Fifth  sand,  (gas,  2270') 18  2284 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 168  2452 


10"  casing,  178';  S1/^"  casing,  671';  6%  casing,  1570';  5TV'  casing, 
2166'. 

Pressure  test  in  5Ty'  pipe: 


Before  Shot  After  Shot 


1st  minute 0 lbs.  15  lbs. 

2nd  minute 2 lbs.  30  lbs. 

5th  minute 13  lbs.  55  lbs. 

10th  minute 30  lbs.  65  lbs. 

15th  minute 40  lbs.  130  lbs. 

20th  minute 50  lbs.  ...  lbs. 


The  following  is  the  record  of  a well  1.5  miles  almost 
due  eastward : 


Porter  Maxwell  No.  2039  Well  Record  (721). 

Located  in  Grant  District,  1 % miles  north  of  Lost  Creek.  Au- 
thority, Philadelphia  Company.  Completed  Sept.  15,  1910. 

Thickness  Total 


(Elevation,  1245’'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Conductor  (Pittsburgh  coal  at  about  15') 17  17 

Unrecorded  233  250 

Sand,  Little  Dunkard?  (Murphy) 50  300 

Unrecorded  125  425 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (I  Cow  Run) 25  450 

Unrecorded  104  554 

Sand,  “Gas”?  (Big  Dunkard) 19  573 

Unrecorded  ( 162  735 

Sand,  First  Salt?  (Clarion) 30  765 

Unrecorded  100  865 

Salt  sand t 179  1044 

Unrecorded  166  1210 

Sand,  Maxton?  (Salt) 40  1250 

Unrecorded  235  1485 

Pencil  cave 15  1500 

Big  Lime 60  1560 

Big  Injun  sand 120  1680 

Unrecorded  30  1710 

Squaw  sand 50  1760 

Unrecorded  80  1840 

Berea  sand 20  1860 

Unrecorded  64  1924 

Gantz  sand 6 1930 

Unrecorded  10  1940 

Fifty-foot  sand  (gas  and  water,  1940') 34  1974 

Unrecorded  36  2010 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


551 


Thirty-foot  sand 

Unrecorded  

Gordon  Stray  sand 

Unrecorded  

Gordon  sand t 

Unrecorded  

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2446') 

Shells  to  bottom 

13"  casing,  16';  10"  casing,  239'; 

1585';  3"  tubing,  2492'. 


Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

25  2135 

100  2235 

. . 20  2255 

20  2275 

32  2307 

135  2442 

33  2475 

20  2495 

casing,  1207';  6%"  casing, 


Southeastward  on  Duck  creek,  near  the  axis  of  the 
Shinnston  Basin  the  Southern  Oil  Company  drilled  the 
Enoch  Gaston  No.  1 well  (722),  the  log. of  which  was  pub- 
lished on  page  334  of  Vol.  1(A)  of  the  State  Survey  reports. 
A little  gas  and  a show  of  oil  was  encountered  in  what 
appears  to  be  the  Fifth  sand  in  this  well,  and  not  the  Bayard 
as  given  in  the  report  mentioned,  as  the  top  of  the  latter 
sand  belongs  1000  feet  below  the  top  of  the  Big  Injun  sand 
in  the  Clarksburg  region  a short  distance  northeastward. 

One  mile  farther  down  Duck  creek  there  occurs  a small 
oil  pool  in  what  appears  to  be  the  Thirty-foot  sand,  repre- 
sented by  the  A.  A.  Smith  No.  1 (730),  and  H.  Burnside  & 
Smith  No.  1 (731)  wells.  According  to  a brief  record  of  the 
latter  well,  as  furnished  by  the  South  Penn  Oil  Company 
(the  owners)  the  producing  sand  is  the  Gordon,  coming  only 
635  feet  below  the  top  of  the  Big  Injun  sand.  The  following 
record  of  a well,  1.3  miles  northeastward,  shows  the  top  of 
the  Gordon  coming  727  feet  below  the  top  of  the  Big  Injun: 
hence,  the  oil  evidently  belongs  in  the  Thirty-foot.  The  first 
well  (730)  is  reported  as  having  an  initial  production  of  5 
barrels  daily;  and  the  second  (731),  20  barrels  daily: 


Mary  F.  Price  No.  1 Well  Record  (732). 


Located  in  Grant  District,  0.3  mile  south  of  West  Milford.  Au- 
thority, Vesper  Gas  Company. 

Thickness  Total 


(Elevation,  1130'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Conductor  13  13 

Unrecorded  (water,  60') 77  90 

Sand,  (Murphy) 25  115 

Slate  65  180 


552 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Tota 
Feet.  Feet. 

Sand,  (Grafton) 30  210 

Slate  and  shells. 285  495 

Sand,  (Big  Dunkard) 55  550 

Slate  and  shells 300  850 

Sand,  (Salt) 50  900 

Slate  45  945 

Sand,  (Salt) ' 155  1100 

Slate  and  shells 100  1200 

Red  rock.  t 140  1340 

Slate  and  shells ' 40  1380 

Big  Lime 60  1440 

Big  Injun  sand  (little  gas,  1456';  little  gas,  1631';  steel 

line  measurement) 115  1555 

Slate  and  shells 270  1825 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea)  (gas,  750,000  cu.  ft.,  1828';  steel 

line  measurement) 25  1850 

Slate  , 35  1885 

Slate  and  shells ’ 55  1940 

Fifty-foot  sand 25  1965 

Slate  .v ’ 30  1995 

Thirty-foot  sand  (small  gas,  1996') 10  2005 

Slate  , 60  2065 

Red  rock 102  2167 

Sand,  Stray?  (Gordon) 30  2197 

Slate  20  2217 

Sand,  Gordon?  (Fourth) 20  2237 

Slate  88  2325 

Fifth  sand  (small  gas,  2325'  and  2335') 18  2343 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 4 2347 


The  well  starts  87  feet  by  hand-level  below  the  Pitts- 
burgh coal. 

The  record  shows  the  Berea  to  be  the  main  gas  horizon. 

Southward  from  Goodhope  in  Grant  district,  there  occur 
several  gas  wells  along  and  near  the  crest  of  the  Wolf  Summit 
anticline.  The  following  is  a record  of  one  of  these  wells 
that  starts  40  feet  by  aneroid  above  the  base  of  the  Ames 
limestone : 

Mary  J.  Burnside  No.  1 Well  Record  (728). 

Located  in  Grant  District,  0.9  mile  south  of  Goodhope.  Authority, 


Wheeling  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Thickness  Total 

(Elevation,  1025'  B-A.  T.)  Feet  Feet. 

Unrecorded  (water  at  40') 240  240 

Big  Dunkard  sand... ( 50  290 

Unrecorded  66  356 

Sand  (“Gas”) ,.  . . 44  400 

Unrecorded  95  495 

Sand  (water,  528')  (Clarion) ....  25  520 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


553 


Thickness.  Total. 

Feet.  Feet. 

Coal,  (Clarion) 4 524 

Sand,  Big  Dunkard?  (II  Cow  Run) ’ 41  565 

Unrecorded  35  600 

Sand,  “Gas”?  (Salt) 40  640 

Unrecorded  25  665 

Salt  sand 150  815 

Unrecorded  5 820 

Salt  sand f 80  900 

Unrecorded  30  930 

Salt  sand . . 40  970 

Unrecorded  105  1075 

Maxton  sand  (gas,  1080') 35  1110 

Unrecorded  15  1125 

Little  lime .t 35  1160 

Pencil  cave 10  1170 

Big  Lime 50  1220 

Big  Injun  sand... 170  1390 

Unrecorded  250  1640 

Sand,  Gantz?  (Berea) 24  1664 

Unrecorded  36  1700 

Sand,  Fifty-foot?  (Gantz) 20  1720 

Unrecorded  30  1750 

Sand,  Thirty-foot?  (Fifty-foot)  gas,  1755') 21  1771 

Unrecorded  ( 89  1860 

Gordon  Stray  sand 40  1900 

Unrecorded  27  1927 

Gordon  sand  (gas,  1934') 35  1962 

Unrecorded  101  2063 

Fifth  sand  (gas,  2065'  and  2073') 15  2078 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 2 2080 


Prospective  Oil  and  Gas  Territory,  Grant  District. — - 

There  yet  remains  a large  acreage  of  untested  territory  in 
Grant  district  that  is  favored  both  by  present  development 
and  geologic  structure.  Considering  these  areas  from  west 
to  east,  (1)  that  portion  of  the  district  between  the  axes  of 
the  Wolf  Summit  anticline  and  the  Shinnston  syncline,  south- 
westward  from  Duck  creek  to  the  Harrison-Lewis  county 
line  appears  good  for  gas  in  the  Berea,  Thirty-foot  and  Fifth 
sands ; (2)  that,  immediately  northwestward  from  the  wells 
(730  and  731)  on  Duck  creek,  for  Thirty-foot  sand  oil,  with 
a chance  for  gas  in  the  Big  Injun,  Berea,  and  Fifth;  (3)  that, 
southeastward  from  West  Milford  between  the  channels  of 
Lost  and  Duck  Creeks,  for  gas  at  the  same  horizons ; (4)  that, 
northeastward  from  Lost  creek  to  Browns  creek  and  west- 
ward from  the  1225-foot  contour  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  as 
outlined  on  the  structure  map  accompanying  this  report,  for 


554 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


gas ; (5)  and  that,  southward  from  Rockford  to  the  Harrison- 
Lewis  county  line,  for  gas  in  the  Fifty-foot,  Berea,  Fourth  and 
Fifth  sands. 

ELK  DISTRICT. 

Elk  district  occupies  the  southeastern  corner  of  Harrison 
county,  and  its  area  is  traversed  by  three  structural  folds ; viz., 
the  Chestnut  Ridge  and  Ruraldale  anticlines,  and  the  Grass- 
land syncline.  Only  7 or  8 wells  have  ever  been  drilled 
within  its  boundaries,  6 of  which  were  gassers,  and  the  others 
comparatively  dry  holes.  The  two  following  records  are 
from  gas  wells  located  in  this  district  along  the  western  slope 
of  the  Chestnut  Ridge  Arch : 


Frank  White  No.  1 Well  Record  (733). 

Located  in  Elk  District,  1 mile  northwest  of  Quiet  Dell.  Au- 
thority, Hope  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Thickness  Total 


(Elevation,  1090'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1400  1400 

Big  Injun  sand 100  1500 

Unrecorded  (gas  in  Thirty-foot  sand) ..  803  2303 

Fifth  sand  (gas) 28  2331 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 4 2335 


The  well  starts  about  160  feet  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal. 


H.  Booth  (Carr)  No.  1 Well  Record  (734). 


Located  in  Elk  District,  on  Suds  run,  1.3  miles  southward  from 
Quiet  Dell.  Completed  in  1888. 

Thickness.  Total 


(Elevation,  1010'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Conductor  4 4 

Sand  3 7 

Fireclay  . . ._ 10  17 

Slate,  black 40  57 

Flint  (Hughes  River)  (Brush  Creek  Limestone) 62 

Shale,  red 12  74 

Limestone,  hard 32  106 

Sand,  gray 14  120 

Sand,  black  7 5 125 

Shale,  sandy 10  135 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  555 


Thickness.  Total 
Feet.  Feet. 

Sand,  hard,  black 5'  | 

Sandstone,  brown 18'  | 

Sandstone,  hard,  white 4'  | 

Limestone  9'  }-|(Big  Dunkard) 82  217 

Sandstone,  hard,  white. ..  .14'  | 

Sandstone,  brown,  hard...  9'  j 
Sandstone,  hard,  white. ..  .23' J 

Slate,  black 33  250 

White  slate  and  shells 25  275 

Limestone  and  sand 8 283 

Soapstone  7 290 

f Sandstone,  gray 33  323 

Gas  sand  •{  Shale,  sandy 35  358 

[Sa-d,  black 4 362 

Slate,  white 21  383 

Black,  flint 4 387 

Sand,  white 8 393 

Coal,  (Lower  Kittanning) 1 394 

Shale,  black 31  425 

Slate,  black 15  440 

Slate,  white 27  467 

Sand,  white  (II  Cow  Run)  (saltwater)  (gas  from  467  to 

472  feet — odorless) 35  502 

Sand,  black 16  518 

Sand,  white  (salt  water) 32  550 

Slate,  brown 13  563 

Slate  or  shale,  black t .. 37  600 

Sand,  white  (salt  water)  (Salt) 70  670 

Sand,  black 8 678 

Sand,  white 2 680 

Shale,  black 22  702 

Limestone  8 710 

Sand,  gray t 35  745 

Slate,  light  colored 5 750 

Sand,  gray 37  787 

Black  slate  and  shale 113  900 

Sand,  gray 20  920 

Limestone,  dark 20  940 

Slate,  red 5 945 

Slate,  black 5 950 

Slate,  red 86  1036 

Slate,  white 34  1070 

Sand,  gray 20  1090 

Slate,  white 20  1110 

Shale,  sandy ( 30  1140 

Slate,  white 1 10  1150 

Shale,  black 20  1170 

Shale,  white 25  1195 

Slate,  red 5 1200 

Slate,  black .’ 5 1205 

Limestone  (gas)  (Big  Lime) t 70  1275 

Sand,  gray  (Big  Injun,  top  ledge) 7 1282 

Sand,  dark 7 1289 

Limestone  ( 11  1300 

Sand,  white 15  1315 


556 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Thickness.  Total 


Feet. 

Shale,  red 5 

Sand,  gray 15 

Limestone  and  sand 15 

Sand,  gray 15 

Gray  shelly  sand  (trace  of  oil)  (Big  Injun,  lower  ledge)  7 

Shale,  red 12 

Slate,  blue 91 

Hard  shelly  slate ‘ 10 

Sand,  gray 5 

Sand  and  shells . 30 

Shale,  light 90 

Gray  sandy  shells 15 

Shale,  light 50 

Slate,  white 45 

Sand,  gray 34'] 

Sand,  dark,  shelly .13'  | 

Sand,  gray 17'  (Gantz  and  Ffity-foot)  130. 

Sand,  dark  gray 26' 

Sand,  light  shelly 25' 

Sand,  fine  white 15' 

Sand,  light  shelly ' 20 

Slate,  dark 5 

Sand,  gray  (Thirty-foot)  (trace  of  oil)..! 10 

Sand,  black 5 

Slate,  blue ! 5 


f Sand,  gray 27'  ] 

Sand,  (Gordon  Stray)..  ] Sand,  light  gray  (gas)  4'  ]■ 40 

[ Sand,  gray,  shelly. ...  9'  J 

Slate,  blue 7 

Slate,  red 8 

Sand,  red 45 

Slate,  dark 20 

Sand,  gray  (Gordon)  (trace  of  oil  and  gas) 15 

Slate,  dark ( 15 

Sand,  gray 15 

Shale,  blue,  sandy 40 

Sand,  blue,  (Fourth) 20 

Slate,  dark,  hard  and  shelly 10 

Sand,  gray  (oil)  (Fifth) 20 

Slate  and  shells 85 


Feet. 

1320 

1335 

1350 

1365 

1372 

1384 

1475 

1485 

1490 

1520 

1610 

1625 

1675 

1720 


1850 


1870 

1875 

1885 

1890 

1895 

1935 

1942 

1950 

1995 

2015 

2030 

2045 

2060 

2100 

2120 

2130 

2150 

2235 


Sand,  dark,  pebbly  (gas) 8'  ] 

Slate,  white 4 [ (Bayard)  22  2257 

Sand,  brown,  to  bottom 10  J 


The  well  starts  nearly  flush  with  the  horizon  of  the 
Bakerstown  coal. 

The  above  record  is  very  interesting  in  that  complete 
details  are  given  of  all  formations  penetrated.  Only  one  thin 
coal  (Lower  Kittanning)  is  reported.  A trace  of  oil  was  en- 
countered in  the  Big  Injun,  Thirty-foot,  Gordon  and  Fifth 
sands ; and  gas  in  the  II  Cow  Run,  Big  Lime,  Gordon  Stray, 
and  Bayard  sands. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


557 


The  following  is  the  record  of  a well  on  Hastings  run, 
nearly  on  the  axis  of  the  Chestnut  Ridge  anticline,  that  starts 
20  feet  by  hand-level  below  the  Harlem  coal,  or  350  feet  below 
the  Pittsburgh  bed : 

Arthur  Conley  No.  1 Well  Record  (736;. 

Located  in  Elk  District,  2*4  miles  west  of  Romines  Mills.  Au- 
thority, Hope  Natural  Gas  Company. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1155'  L-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1225  1225 

Big  Injun  sand 90  1315 

Unrecorded  764  2079 

Fifth  sand  (gas) 36  2115 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 243  2358 


One  mile  and  a half  northeastward  the  Tri-State  Gas 
Company  drilled  a light  gasser  (737)  on  the  A.  H.  Davisson 
farm,  the  detailed  record  of  which  is  published  in  connection 
with  the  Romines  Mills  section,  page  126. 

Two  comparatively  dry  holes  (738  and  739)  were  drilled 
on  Rooting  creek  along  the  extreme  southern  border  of  Elk 
district,  near  the  axis  of  the  Grassland  Basin.  The  following 
is  a record  of  one  of  these  wells : 


E.  W.  Post  No.  1 Well  Record  (738). 

Located  in  Elk  District,  y2  mile  south  of  Johnstown.  Authority, 
J.  M.  Guffey. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1060'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet. 

Unrecorded  1390  1390 

Big  Lime 75  1465 

Unrecorded  10  1475 

Big  Injun  sand 85  1560 

Unrecorded  to  bottom 921  2481 


The  well  starts  230  feet  by  aneroid  below  the  Pittsburgh 

coal. 

The  following  is  the  record  of  a well  drilled  by  the  Hope 
Natural  Gas  Company  a short  distance  (2.3  miles)  across  the 
Harrison  county  line  in  northern  Upshur.  The  well  starts 
210  feet  by  aneroid  below  the  Pittsburgh  coal.  The  well 
would  have  made  about  5 barrels  daily  from  what  appears  to 
be  the  Squaw  sand: 


558 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 


Isaac  Reger  No.  1 Well  Record  (740). 

Located  in  Warren  District,  Upshur  county,  on  Hacker’s  Creek. 
2 Vz  miles  west  of  Rural  Dale.  Authority,  N.  D.  Goe,  Contractor. 

Thickness.  Total. 


(Elevation,  1075'  B-A.  T.)  Feet.  Feet! 

Conductor  14  14 

Unrecorded  (water  at  80') 169  183 

Coal,  (Bakerstown) 2 185 

Unrecorded  40  225 

f Sand  (I  Cow  Run) 20  245 

I Cow  Run Unrecorded  10  255 

[ Sand  (water) 45  300 

Unrecorded  85  385 

Coal,  (Upper  Freeport) 2 387 

Unrecorded  13  400 

Sand,  (Burning  Springs) 10  410 

Unrecorded  120  530 

Sand  20  550 

Unrecorded  60  610 

Coal,  (Clarion) 5 615 

Unrecorded  37  652 

Coal,  (Tionesta?) 6 658 

Unrecorded  35  693 

Coal,  (Upper  Mercer?) 4 697 

Unrecorded  83  780 

Sand  (Salt)  (water) 35  815 

Unrecorded  49  864 

Sand  (Salt)  (water) 76  940 

Unrecorded  100  1040 

Sand  (Salt) 60  1100 

Unrecorded  5 1105 

Sand  (oil,  1146')  (Salt) 62  1167 

Red  rock 246  1413 

Unrecorded  18  1431 

Little  lime 22  1453 

Pencil  cave 24  1477 

Big  Lime 77  1554 

Big  Injun  sand 148  1697 

Unrecorded  '. 89  1786 

Sand,  Gantz? j 14  1800 

Unrecorded  j-  (Squaw)  8 1808 

Sand  (oil  and  water,  1834',  5 barrels) . . J 48  1856 

Unrecorded  6 1862 

Sand  10  1872 

Unrecorded  143  2015 

Red  rock  at 2015 

Unrecorded  160  2175 

Sand,  Stray  (Gordon  Stray) 35  2210 

Unrecorded  10  2220 

Sand,  Gordon 25  2245 

Unrecorded  46  2291 

Sand,  Fourth 12  2303 

Unrecorded  309J  26121 


10"  casing,  310';  8"  casing,  850'  and  6 y2"  casing,  2121'. 

A dry  hole  was  drilled  during  1911  and  about  2 miles 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


559 


farther  down  Hackers  creek  near  the  Upshur-Lewis  county 
line,  on  the  Foster  (741)  farm. 

Prospective  Oil  and  Gas  Territory,  Elk  District. — As 

mentioned  on  a preceding  page,  very  little  drilling  for  oil  and 
gas  has  yet  been  done  in  Elk  district.  There  is,  however,  a 
large  acreage  within  its  boundaries  that  warrants  the  drilling 
of  more  wells,  especially  for  gas.  Considering  these  areas 
from  northwest  to  southeast  across  the  district,  (1)  that  por- 
tion of  Elk  westward  to  the  district  line  from  the  1375-foot 
contour  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  as  outlined  on  the  structure 
map  accompanying  this  report,  appears  good  for  gas  in  the 
Fifty-foot,  Thirty-foot  and  Fifth  sands;  (2)  that,  southwest- 
ward  from  Brushy  fork  of  Elk  along  the  crest  of  the  the 
Chestnut  Ridge  anticline,  for  gas  in  the  Berea,  Fifty-foot, 
Fourth,  Fifth  and  Bayard;  and  (3)  that,  along  and  near  the 
axis  of  the  Grassland  syncline  may  possibly  hold  an  oil  pool 
in  one  of  the  sands  below  the  Big  Injun.  The  last  record 
above  given  is  only  a short  distance  east  of  the  axis  of  this 
Basin ; hence,  this  Squaw  sand  oil  pool  may  extend  north- 
eastward into  Elk  district,  along  the  eastern  slope  of  this 
syncline. 


CHAPTER  IX 


COAL 


A discussion  has  already  been  given  of  the  geology, 
structure  and  character  of  the  coal  beds  of  Doddridge  and 
Harrison  counties  on  preceding  pages  of  this  report.  The 
purpose  of  this  chapter  is  to  give  a more  detailed  discussion 
of  the  chemical  composition  and  character  of  the  apparent 
commercial  coals,  as  well  as  their  probable  available  area  in 
the  two  counties. 

STATISTICS  OF  COAL  PRODUCTION. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area,  coal  mining  on  a com- 
mercial scale  has  been  confined  entirely  to  the  Redstone  and 
Pittsburgh  beds.  As  mentioned  on  preceding  pages  of  this 
report,  both  coals  lie  deeply  buried  in  Doddridge  and  in 
western  Harrison,  but  in  the  central  and  eastern  portions  of 
the  latter  county,  the  Wolf  Summit  and  Chestnut  Ridge  anti- 
clines have  elevated  both  beds  above  drainage,  so  that  they 
are  easily  accessible  to  drift  openings.  Hence,  all  the  develop- 
ment thus  far  in  the  area  under  discussion  has  been  confined 
to  Harrison  county. 

The  three  following  tables  have  been  compiled  from  the 
annual  report  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1910,  of  John  Laing, 
Chief  of  the  Department  of  Mines  of  West  Virginia: 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


561 


Coal  Production  of  Harrison  County  from 
1888  to  1910  inclusive. 


Year 

Tons  of 
| 2240  lbs. 

Year  | 

Tons  of 
2240  lbs. 

1888  

j 113,030 

1901 

| 1,088,715 

1889  

| 111,440 

1902  

| 1,662,144 

1890  

1 128,964 

1903  

| 2,108,336 

1891 

| 113,268 

1904  

| 2,445,202 

1892  

142,960 

1905  

2,560,905 
3,030,737 
3,343,319 
3,168,042 
3,005,689 
' 3,708,123 

1893  

J 248,099 

1906  

1894  

| 275,297 

1907  

1895  

| 204,442 

1908  

1896  

j 155,772 

1909  

1897  

221,249 

1910 

1898 

j 271  554 

1899  

| 413,150 

Total 

29,167,867 

1900  

; 647.430 

Order  of  the  Counties  in  the  Production  of  Coal,  1897-1910. 


Counties 

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900 

1901 

CN1 

0 

loa 

1 ^ 

1903|1904|1905 

1906 

1907(1908  [1909  [1910 

Fayette  

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 1 

2 1 1 

1 2 

2 

2 | 2 

2 

2 

McDowell  

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

1 1 2 1 

1 

1 

1 1 1 

1 

1 

Marion  | 

3 

3 

3 

3 

' 3 

3 

3 | 4 | 

3 

4 

4 | 4 

4 

4 

Kanawha  

1 4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

5 | 3 j 

4 

3 

3 | 3 

3 

3 

Mercer  

5 

5 

5 

6 

6 

6 

6 | 6 

6 

6 

6 | 6 

6 ! 

7 

Harrison  

9 

9 

8 

7 

5 

5 

4 1 5 ! 

5 

5 

5 [ 5 

5 

5 

Tucker  

1 6 

6 

7 

5 

7 

7 

7 | 8 

1 8 

8 

10  10 

10 

10 

Mingo ! 

8 

8 

9 

9 

9 

8 

8 | 7 

I 7 

7 

7 | 7 

9 

9 

Mineral 

1 7 

7 

6 

8 

8 

9 

11  1 n 1 

12 

13 

14  13 

11 

13 

Preston  

! 13 

11 

10 

10 

! 10 

10 

9 | 10 

1 10 

9 

9 11 

13 

11 

Taylor  | 

10 

10 

11 

11 

i ii 

11 

14  | 16 

16 

16 

17  [ 17 

16 

15 

Marshall 

11 

12 

12 

12 

13 

16 

13  | 14 

14 

15 

15  18 

19 

16 

Randolph  

i .. 

14 

1 I4 

14 

12  | 13 

13 

12 

13  | 14 

14 

14 

Barbour  

1 19 

19 

17 

18 

12 

12 

10  9 

11 

11 

11  | 12 

12 

12 

Raleigh  

1 16 

16 

16 

1 19 

17 

13 

15  | 12 

9 

10 

8 8 

8 

1 6 

Putnam  

12 

13 

13 

13 

15 

15 

16  | 15 

15 

14 

18  | 16 

17 

1 17 

Ohio  | 

15 

15 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18  | 19 

21 

22 

21  | 21 

21  1 

20 

Brooke  

i 17 

18 

18 

20 

20 

20 

23  | 22 

17 

17 

16  | 15 

15 

! 18 

Mason  

14 

14 

15 

16 

18 

19 

19  20 

22 

21 

22  | 22 

22 

1 22 

Grant  

• • 

22  18 

19 

19 

20  | 20 

20 

1 21 

Logan  

..  [ .. 

20 

18 

12  9 

7 ! 

8 

Monongalia  

20 

17 

19 

17 

19 

18 

17  | 17 

18 

20 

19  19 

1 18 

| 19 

Hancock  

18 

20 

20 

21 

21 

21 

20  | 21 

24 

24 

23  | 25 

26  j 

24 

Clay 

. . | 25 

23 

23 

24  | 27 

30 

| 30 

Nicholas  

22 

24  | 24 

25 

25 

25  | 26 

27 

26 

Lincoln  

23 

21  | 23 

i 27 

26 

30  30 

25 

1 28 

Braxton  

..  | .. 

1 “ * 

•• 

26  | 23 

23 

23 

Wayne  

• • 

26 

27 

29  | 29 

28  | 

29 

Upshur  

..  | •• 

j 28 

27  ( 24 

24 

25 

Greenbrier 

..  | .. 

28  | 28 

29 

32 

Lewis  

.. 

31  | 31 

32  I 

33 

Gilmer  

;;  1 

••  1 

32  I 32 

31 

1 31 

Wyoming  

..  1 ..  1 

••  1 

. . | 33 

34  1 

34 

Boone  

..  1 ..  1 

33 

| 27 

Production  of  Coal  and  Coke  in  Harrison  County  for  the  Year  Ending  June  30,  1910. 


562 


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WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  563 


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564 


COAL 


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WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


565 


MINABLE  COALS. 

There  are  six  workable  coals  in  the  two  counties  in  addi- 
tion to  16  other  veins  which  are  too  thin  and  irregular  to 
have  any  economic  importance.  The  probable  minable  beds 
in  descending  order  are  the  Washington,  Uniontown,  Red- 
stone, Pittsburgh,  Harlem  and  Upper  Kittanning,  all  of 
which,  except  the  last,  crop  in  the  area  under  discussion.  As 
mentioned  on  a preceding  page,  only  the  Redstone  and  Pitts- 
burgh seams  have  yet  been  mined  on  a commercial  scale. 

The  chemical  analyses  and  calorific  results,  given  in  this 
report  were  determined  by  J.  Berghius  Krak,  Assistant  Chem- 
ist of  the  Survey,  under  the  direction  of  B.  H.  Hite,  Chief 
Chemist.  The  same  methods  of  analysis  and  sampling  of 
the  commercial  mines  were  followed  as  by  the  Fuel  Testing 
Department  of  the  U.  S.  Geological  .Survey. 

The  calorific  value  of  all  coals  is  expressed  in  terms  of 
British  Thermal  Units  (B.T.U.).  This  unit  of  heat  measure- 
ment represents  the  amount  of  heat  required  to  raise  one 
pound  of  water  one  degree  Fahrenheit  in  temperature. 

In  any  analysis,  giving  the  B.T.U.  result,  the  number 
of  units  represents  the  amount  of  heat  stored  up  in  one  pound 
of  coal.  Along  with  the  proximate  and  ultimate  analysis  is 
given  the  heat  value,  both  determined  by  the  calorimeter  and 
calculated  from  the  ultimate  analysis,  as  well  as  the  ratio 
of  the  total  carbon  to  the  oxygen  plus  ash.  The  latter  ratio 
is  the  best  yet  devised  for  the  classification  of  coals  in  order 
of  their  relative  rank  as  to  heat  value. 

The  apparent  commercial  coals  of  the  area  will  now  be 
discussed  in  descending  order. 

COALS  OF  THE  DUNKARD  SERIES. 

The  Washington  Coal 

The  Washington  coal  appears  to  be  the  only  minable  bed 
of  the  Dunkard  series ; that  is,  it  is  the  only  vein  to  attain 
sufficient  thickness,  purity  and  regularity  to  be  figured  as  an 
asset  in  estimating  the  economic  resources  of  the  two  coun- 
ties. The  crop  of  this  coal  is  shown  by  an  appropriate  symbol 


Fish  Creek  coal 
Dunkard  coal... 


50' 


Jollytown  coal 

Washington  “A”  coal. 

Washington  coal 

Waynesburg  “A”  coal 
Waynesburg  coal 

Uniontown  coal 


50' 


125' 


100' 

65' 

65'  Base — Dunkard  Series. 

90'  Top — Monongahela  Series. 

100' 


Lower  Uniontown  coal... 


100' 


Sewickley  coal 

Redstone  coal 

Pittsburgh  coal 

Little  Pittsburgh  coal 

Little  Clarksburg  coal 


70' 

25'  Base — Monongahela  Series. 
40'  Top — Conemaugh  Series. 
80' 


120' 


Elk  Lick  coal. . . . 
West  Milford  coal 

Harlem  coal 


Bakerstown  coal 


20' 

60' 

90' 

90' 


Brush  Creek  coal.. 
Upper  Freeport  coal 


70'  Base — Conemaugh  Series. 


100'  Top — Allegheny  Series. 


Upper  Kittanning  coal. . . . 


75' 


Lower  Kittanning  coal...  I 

Fig.  3. — Diagram  showing  the  relative  position  of  all  the  coals  in 
the  Doddridge-Harrison  area.  The  numerals  represent  intervals  in 
feet  between  coals. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


567 


on  the  economic  geology  map  accompanying  this  report.  A 
detailed  description  of  its  thickness,  character,  distribution 
ai\d  chemical  composition  is  given  on  pages  157-168.  Therein 
are  published  four  analyses  of  the  bed,  the  average 
composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio  of  which  are  given 
in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  on  a subsequent  page  of  this 
report. 


Quantity  of  Washington  Coal  Available. 


It  is  quite  difficult  even  to  approximate  the  available  area 
and  tonnage  of  Washington  coal  in  the  two  counties,  since, 
as  already  stated  on  preceding  pages,  the  bed  is  often  irregu- 
lar and  patchy  in  its  nature,  and  is  most  generally  concealed. 
The  several  sections  given  for  the  coal  on  the  pages  referred 
to  above  reveal  its  thickness  where  opened  by  farmers  for 
domestic  fuel ; hence,  the  writer,  in  estimating  the  available 
tonnage,  feels  safe  in  assuming  an  average  thickness  oi  18 
inches  spread  out  over  the  areas  given  in  the  table  below. 
A careful  determination  of  its  area  left  uneroded  as  shown 
on  the  map  accompanying  this  report,  has  been  made  with 
a planimeter  by  Mr.  Reger,  the  results  of  which  are  given  in 
the  table  by  magisterial  districts. 


Table  Showing  Approximate  Available  Washington  Coal. 


Counties 
by  Districts 


Doddridge 

McClellan  . . 

Grant  

West  Union 
Central  .... 
Southwest  . 

Cove  

New  Milton. 
Greenbrier  . 


Sq.  Miles 

1 

1 

Acres  | 

i 

Cubic  Feet  | 
of  Coal 

1 

Short  Tons 
| of  Coal 

[ 

57.4 

36,736  | 

2,400,330,240 

1 

| 96,013,209 

op:  ° 
Ov  . o 

22,592  | 

1,476,161,280 

i 59,046,451 

24.3 

15,552  1 

1,016,167,680  | 40,646,707 

25.0 

16,000  j 

1,045,440,000  1 41,817,6001 

11.0 

7,040  | 

459,993,600 

1 18,399,744 

19.7 

12,608  | 

823,806,720  | 32,952,268 

36.3 

23,232  | 

1,517,978,880  | 60,719,155 

27.9 

17,856  1 

1,166,711,040  | 46,668,441 

236.9 

i | 

151,616  | 

i 

9,906,589,440 

396,263,575 

Totals 


568 


COAL 


Counties 
by  Districts 

1 

| Sq.  Miles 

Acres 

Cubic  Feet 
of  Coal 

| Short  Tons 
of  Coal 

Harrison 

| 

| | 

Sardis  

•|  31.2 

| 19,968  | 

1,304,709,120 

52,188,^64 

Ten  Mile 

•I  34.4 

22,016  1 

1,438,525,440 

57,541,017 

Union  

.|  6.0 

3,840  | 

250,905,600 

10,036,224 

Eagle  

..|  8.0  | 

5,120  | 

334,540,800 

13,381,632 

Clay  

•1  0.2  | 

128  | 

8,363,520 

334,540 

Totals  

.|  79.8 

| | 

51,072  | 

1 

1 

3,337,044,480  | 

1 

1 

133,481,777 

Total  for  both 

1 

| 

1 

| 

1 

counties  

..|  316.7 

1 

202,688  | 
1 

13,243,633,920 

529,745,352 

In  arriving  at  the  above  results,  the  writer  assumed  a 
weight  of  80  pounds  to  the  cubic  foot  of  coal,  or  at  the  rate 
of  25  cubic  feet  to  the  2000  pound  ton.  These  figures  agree 
with  the  determinations  of  the  Fuel  Testing  Plant  of  the  U.  S. 
Geological  Survey  for  the  weight  of  the  same  amount  of  the 
Pittsburgh  coal  bed. 

Owing  to  the  great  thickness,  purity  and  availability  of 
the  Pittsburgh  bed  in  the  area  under  discussion,  the  Washing- 
ton coal  is,  of  course  not  now  marketable.  When  the  best 
coals  become  more  expensive  to  mine  and  nearly  exhausted, 
then  these  poorer  grades  of  coal  will  no  doubt  be  utilized  for 
both  heat  and  power. 

COALS  OF  THE  MONONGAHELA  SERIES. 

The  Monongahela  series  in  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area 
contains  six  coals;  viz.,  Waynesburg,  Uniontown,  Lower 
Uniontown,  Sewickley,  Redstone  and  Pittsburgh.  Their 
geology,  distribution  and  thickness  are  discussed  in  detail  in 
a preceding  chapter  of  this  report.  Only  the  Uniontown,  Red- 
stone and  Pittsburgh,  however,  appear  to  attain  minable  thick- 
ness in  either  county,  and  the  two  latter  are  the  only  beds 
to  be  mined  on  a commercial  scale  in  the  area  under  dis- 
cussion. 

The  Uniontown  Coal. 

The  Uniontown  coal  is  the  next  bed  of  economic  impor- 
tance below  the  Washington  seam.  A full  description  of  its 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


569 


structure,  stratigraphy,  and  general  distribution,  along  with 
two  analyses  of  samples  from  openings  by  farmers,  is  given 
on  pages  187-19.2  of  this  report.  The  results  therein 
exhibited  show  a coal  having  about  the  same  rank  in  its 
fuel  rating  as  the  Washington  bed. 

Quantity  of  Uniontown  Coal  Available. 

In  Harrison  county  the  Uniontown  coal  appears  too  thin 
and  irregular  at  all  exposures  observed  to  ever  be  mined,  but 
in  Doddridge  county,  where  this  bed  crops  along  the  Balti- 
more and  Ohio  Railroad  between  Long  Run  station  and  West 
Union,  and  2 to  3 miles  northward  and  southward  therefrom, 
it  attains  a fair  development,  the  bed  often  containing  2 to 
3 feet  of  clean  coal.  In  other  portions  of  the  county,  where 
its  horizon  was  observed,  it  appears  too  thin  and  irregular 
to  ever  be  minable.  Hence,  in  estimating  the  available  ton- 
nage of  this  coal,  the  writer  feels  safe  in  assuming  an  average 
thickness  of  2 feet  spread  out  over  50  square  miles  in  the 
region  of  its  best  development.  Figuring  on  the  basis  of  25 
cu.  ft.  to  the  short  ton,  the  following  results  are  obtained : 


County. 

V 

1 1 

1 Sq.  Miles,  j 

1 1 

r i 

f 

Acres. 

Cubic  Feet 
of  Coal. 

1 

Short  Tons 
of  Coal. 

1 

Doddridge  . . . 

1 1 
50 

1 

32,000  | 

2,787,840,000 

1 

j 111,513,600 

The  Redstone  Coal. 

The  Redstone  coal  is  the  next  bed  of  economic  impor- 
tance in  descending  order  in  the  Monongahela  series.  A full 
description  of  its  stratigraphy,  thickness  and  distribution  in 
the  two  counties,  along  with  analyses  and  calorific  tests  of 
samples  from  local  country  banks,  is  given  on  pages  203-212 
of  this  report.  Therein  it  is  shown  to  be  a very  high 
grade  coal,  having  a slightly  higher  fuel  ratio  rating  than  the 
great  Pittsburgh  bed,  20  to  30  feet  lower  in  the  measures. 
The  average  results  obtained  from  six  samples  of  the  coal  are 
given  in  the  table  of  analyses  under  Nos.  6-11  inclusive. 


5/0 


COAL 


fctH 


Line  shading  shows  approximate  area  of  available  Redstone  coal  in  both  counties.  (See  Economic  Geology  Map.) 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


571 


In  addition  to  the  data  obtained  from  country  banks, 
sections  were  measured  and  samples  collected  of  the  Redstone 
bed  from  three  commercial  mines,  two  of  which  are  located 
in  southern  Harrison,  and  the  other  just  across  the  county 
line  in  the  edge  of  Lewis.  One  of  these,  the  McWhorter 
mine,  was  formerly  owned  by  the  Jane  Lew  Coal  & Coke 
Company,  at  which  the  writer  obtained  the  following  data 
which  was  published  on  pages  669-670  of  Vol.  II (A)  of  the 
State  Survey  reports,  the  mine  being  now  owned  by  the 
Clarksburg  Gas  Coal  Company : 


Clarksburg  Gas  Coal  Company — No.  9 on  Map. 

Ft.  In. 

1.  Sandstone,  massive  and  concealed,  black  slate  at  bottom  100  0 

2.  Bone  0 G 

3.  Coal,  hard  and  bright. ....  4'  0"  ] 

4.  Bone,  2"  to 0 1 \ Redstone 6 1 

5.  Coal,  hard  and  bright 2 0 ) 

6.  Slate  and  shale 30  0 

7.  Coal,  Pittsburgh,  hard,  40"  to 4 0 

8.  Fire  clay;  gray. 

“In  the  section  in  formations  Nos.  3,  4 and  5,  clay  seams  2 to  3 
feet  thick  often  come  in  from  top  to  bottom  of  coal. 

“Elevation  of  Redstone  bed  (aneroid),  1365'  A.  T.;  butts,  S.  80°  E.; 
faces,  S.  10°  W.;  greatest  rise  to  the  southeast;  mine  capacity,  80 
tons;  number  of  men  employed,  17;  coal  manufactured  into  coke  on 
the  premises,  shipped  west  for  smelting  purposes;  authority  for  mine 
data,  John  Harley,  Supt. ; samples  for  analysis  from  Nos.  3 and  5 of 
section,  for- which  see  under  No.  9 in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at 
the  end  of  this  chapter. 

“Clay  veins  2 to  3 feet  across  are  frequent  in  the  mine.  The 
company  has  20  beehive  ovens  in  which  it  burns  both  48  and  72  hour 
coke,  which  yielded  the  following  results  on  analysis  by  Hite  and 
Patton: 

Per  cent 


Moisture  0.20 

Volatile  Matter 0.50 

Fixed  Carbon 90.20 

Ash  i 9.10 

Total  100.00 

Sulphur  1.19 

Phosphorus  0.022 


D.  D.  Teets,  Tr.,  Field  Assistant,  obtained  the  following 
data  at  two  mines  in  this  coal  in  southern  Harrison  and 
northern  Lewis ; 


572 


COAL 


High  Grade  Coal  Co.  (Page  mine). — No.  10  on  Map. 

Location,  % mile  N.  E.  of  McWhorter;  Redstone  coal. 

Ft.  In. 

1.  Slate  

2.  Coal  6 6y2 

3.  Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  1150',  aneroid;  principal  office,  Fairmont;  daily 
capacity,  100  tons;  7 laborers  and  12  miners  employed;  coal  used  for 
steam,  gas  and  domestic  fuel;  shipped  east  and  west;  butts,  west; 
faces,  north;  greatest  rise  southeast;  sample  collected  from  No.  2 of 
section  in  room  No.  1,  first  left,  by  D.  U.  Teets,  Jr.;  R.  B.  Gordon, 
Supt.,  authority  for  data.” 

The  analysis  and  heat  tests  of  the  sample  are  given  under 
No.  10  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 

Kroger  Gale  Coal  Co.,  Polar  Mine. — Map  No.  11. 

Location,  % mile  southeast  of  McWhorter;  Redstone  coal. 

Ft.  In. 

1.  Slate  

2.  Coal  6 0 

3.  Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  1400',  aneroid;  principal  office,  Cincinnati,  Ohio; 
daily  capacity,  225  tons;  8 laborers  and  30  miners  employed;  mule 
haulage;  used  for  steam,  gas  and  domestic  fuel;  shipped  east  and 
west;  butts,  N.  88°  W.;  face,  N.  2°  E.;  greatest  rise  southwest;  sam- 
ple collected  from  No.  2 of  section  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  O.  F.  Limer, 
Supt.,  authority  for  data.” 

The  analysis  and  heat  tests  of  the  sample  collected  at  this 
mine  are  given  under  No.  11  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at 
the  end  of  this  chapter. 

The  same  table  also  gives  the  average  analysis,  heat  de- 
terminations, and  fuel  ratios  of  six  samples  of  Redstone  coal, 
showing  the  latter  bed  to  be  approximately  one  per  cent, 
lower  in  sulphur;  150  B.T.U.  higher  in  heat  value  for  each 
pound  of  coal ; and  slightly  higher  in  fuel  ratio  than  the  aver- 
age of  74  samples  of  Pittsburgh  coal  from  Harrison  county, 
also  given  in  this  table. 

Quantity  of  Redstone  Coal  Available. 

It  is  quite  difficult  to  approximate  the  available  tonnage 
of  the  Redstone  coal  bed  in  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area, 
but  a careful  perusal  of  the  data  given  in  the  discussion  of 
this  bed  on  pages  203-212  will  show  that  this  vein  of 
minable  thickness  is  confined  to  the  southeastern  border  of 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


573 


Harrison  county.  The  approximate  northern  boundary  line 
where  the  Redstone  coal  of  commercial  thickness  and  purity 
disappears,  along  with  its  crop  where  fulfilling  these  condi- 
tions, is  indicated  by  an  appropriate  symbol  on  the  economic 
geology  map  accompanying  this  report.  The  commercial  area 
of  this  coal  as  thereon  outlined  has  been  determined  with  a 
planimeter  by  Mr.  Reger,  the  results  of  which  are  given  in 
square  miles  in  the  table  below.  From  a study  of  the  several 
sections  of  this  seam,  the  writer,  in  estimating  the  approximate 
available  tonnage,  feels  safe  in  assuming  a thickness  of  5 feet 
spread  out  over  the  areas  designated  in  the  table.  Figuring 
on  the  basis  of  25  cubic  feet  to  the  short  ton,  the  following 
results  are  obtained : 


Table  Showing  Approximate  Available  Redstone  Coal. 


By  Districts 

1 

Sq.  Miles 

Acres 

Cubic  feet  j Short  Tons 
of  Coal  ] of  Coal 

Harrison  County:. 

Union  

1 

3.8 

2,432 

1 

529,689,600  | 21,187.584 

Simpson  

1.0 

640 

139,392,000  j 5,575,880 

Grant  

3.5 

2,240 

487,872,000  19,514,880 

Elk  

4.4 

2,816 

613,324,800  24,532,992 

1 

Totals  

12.7 

8,128 

1,770,278,400  | 70,811,136 

1 

The  Pittsburgh  Coal. 

The  Pittsburgh  coal  is  the  next  bed  of  economic  impor- 
tance below  the  Redstone  seam,  and  comes  at  the  base  of 
the  Monongahela  series.  A detailed  description  of  its  geology, 
distribution  and  structure  in  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area,  is 
given  on  pages  216-218  of  this  report. 

Before  taking  up  the  discussion  of  the  commercial  mines 
in  this  coal  in  Harrison  county,  several  sections  will  first  be 
given  southward  and  westward  across  the  latter  area  at 
widely  scattered  country  banks  not  adjacent  to ‘the  localities 
of  the  present  mining  operations  in  this  vein. 

In  the  northeastern  corner  of  Harrison  county,  the  writer 
collected  a sample  for  analysis  and  obtained  the  following 
data  at  an  opening  in  the  Pittsburgh  coal,  located  on  Horner 
run,  1.5  miles  southwest  of  Boothsville : 


574 


COAL 


Pig  5# — Line  shading  shows  approximate  area  of  available  Pittsburgh  coal  in  both  counties.  (See  Economic 

Geology  Map). 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


575 


J.  R.  Bartlett  Mine. — No.  26  on  Map. 


8 

oy2 

6 


Feet.  Inches. 


Slate,  black 

Coal  2'  10 

Bone  0 1 

Coal  0 

Bone  0 

Coal  4 

Concealed  by  water. 

(Elevation  of  coal,  1180'  A.  T.  by  spirit  level). 


1% 


The  sample  for  analysis  was  collected  from  a freshly  dug- 
stock  pile  at  the  mine  entrance,  the  composition  and  fuel  value 
of  which,  as  reported  by  Prof.  Hite,  is  found  under  No.  26 
in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter.  The 
results  reveal  a high  grade  coal,  considerably  above  the  aver- 
age for  this  bed  in  Harrison. 

The  following  section  was  measured  at  the  Daniel  Riblett 
coal  mine  in  the  Pittsburgh  bed,  located  on  Shinn’s  run,  0.6 
mile  northwest  of  Saltwell : 


Feet. 

6 


Inches. 

0 

0 

6 


6 ' 
2 
0 

1 

7 

o y2 


Shale,  visible,  sandy 

Sandstone,  flaggy 3 

Shale,  sandy 1 

Coal  0' 

Shale,  gray.... 0 

Coal  3 

Bone  0 

Coal  0 

Bone  0 

Coal  4 10  9 2i/2 

Fire  clay  and  sandy  shale 22  4 

Coal,  Little  Pittsburgh 0 8 

In  the  extreme  southeastern  point  of  Simpson  district, 
and  along  the  eastern  border  of  Elk  and  the  southern  border 
of  Grant,  the  Pittsburgh  coal  apparently  thins  down  1 to 
3 feet  from  its  total  section  in  the  northern  portion  of  the 
county,  the  most  of  which  seems  to  take  place  above  the 
“bands”  or  twin  slates.  The  detailed  structure  of  the  bed  in 
the  southern  point  of  Simpson  is  exhibited  in  the  Brushy 
Fork  section,  page  208. 

D.  B.  Reger  reports  the  coal  only  4 feet  thick  in  a country 
bank  located  1.7  miles  due  east  of  Grassland  on  the  waters  of 
Stonecoal  run. 


576 


COAL 


Five  miles  and  a half  southwestward  the  writer  measured 
the  following  section  at  the  John  W.  Bean  mine  in  the  Pitts- 
burgh bed,  located  near  the  low  gap,  one  mile  northwest  of 
Peeltree : 


Feet.  Inches. 

Shale  

Coal  2'  4 " 

Slate,  black 0 0 y8 

Coal  0 5% 

Bone  0 1 

Coal  3 6 6 4% 


(Elevation,  1270'  A.  T.,  aneroid). 

About  4 miles  southwestward  there  occurs  an  opening  in 
this  coal  on  the  Gary  Harris  farm,  a section  of  which  is  given 
in  connection  with  Harris  mine  (No.  7 on  map)  in  the  Red- 
stone bed,  page  209.. 

Passing  westward  to  a point  on  the  north  side  of  the 
road  in  the  low  gap,  1.3  miles  southwest  of  Rockford,  the 
Pittsburgh  coal  crops  at  an  elevation  of  1400'  A.T.  by  aneroid. 
Here  it  is  only  4 to  5 feet  thick. 

The  following  section  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  was  meas- 
ured at  an  opening  located  one-fourth  mile  northwest  of 
McWhorter : 


Feet. 

Inches. 

1. 

Sandstone,  in  situ?... 

1 

0 

2. 

Slate,  black 

1 

0 

3. 

Coal  , 

. ..0'  6" 

4. 

Bone  

. . .0  1 

5. 

Coal  

. . .3  11 

4 

6 

6. 

Fire  clay 

The  "breast  coal”  of  Stevenson  has  apparently  thinned 
away  entirely  in  this  portion  of  Harrison  county. 

Five  miles  northwestward  D.  B.  Reger  collected  a sample 
for  analysis  and  measured  the  following  section  at  a country 
bank  in  the  Pittsburgh  coal,  located  0.6  mile  northwest  of 
Goodhope : 

Jacob  Post  Mine. — No.  83  on  Map. 

j 

Feet.  Inches. 

1.  Sandstone,  Lower  Sewickley 30  0 


2.  Concealed  84  0 

3.  Coal,  slaty V 0 " 

4.  S’ate  0 0 % 


PLATE  XVIII. — View  showing  Tipple  and  Coke  Ovens  of  the  Byron  Mine  of  the  Hutchinson  Coal  Co. — No.  80  on  Map. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


57r 


Feet.  Inches. 


5.  Coal  1 2 

6.  Slate  0 0V2 

7.  Coal  1 5 

8.  Slate  0 O1^ 

9.  Coal  1 4 

10.  Slate  0 0% 

11.  Coal  1 5 6 5 V2 


12.  Shale,  gray 

“Sampled  Nos.  7-11  inclusive  of  section;  coal  used  for  local  do- 
mestic fuel;  elevation  of  bed,  1175'  A.  T.,  by  aneroid,” 


The  composition  and  calorific  value  of  the  sample  col- 
lected here  is  given  under  No.  83  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses 
at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 

South  westward  on  Two  Lick  run  the  writer  measured 
the  following  section  at  a country  bank  in  the  Pittsburgh  coal, 
located  1.3  miles  south  of  Tichenal,  on  the  J.  H.  McDonald 
farm.  The  results  show  that  the  thinning  of  the  bed  has 
taken  place  in  the  “breast”  division  of  the  vein : 

I 

Feet.  Inches. 

Limestone,  yellowish  and  hard,  Redstone ...  8 0 

Concealed  10  0 

Slate,  sandy 1 0 

. Bone  0'  l1/^" 

Coal  3 10  % 4 0 

Fire  clay 


Four  miles  northward  in  the  east  edge  of  Jarvisville,  the 
Pittsburgh  coal  was  once  opened  on  the  land  of  Wm.  Jarvis 
by  a slope  driven  25  to  30  feet  below  the  level  of  the  surface 
at  entrance.  The  mine  was  abandoned  on  account  of  an  ex- 
plosion, according  to  information  furnished  Mr.  Reger,  who 
also  reports  the  bed  about  7 feet  thick. 

Commercial  Mines  in  Pittsburgh  Coal. 

As  mentioned  on  preceding  pages,  the  only  commercial 
mines  in  the  Pittsburgh  coal  in  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area 
are  located  in  Harrison  county  along  West  Fork  river  and 
its  tributaries.  The  accurate  location  of  any  mine  is  desig- 
nated by  an  appropriate  symbol  along  with  its  serial  number 
on  the  economic  geology  map  accompanying  this  report.  The 
serial  numbers  are  consecutive  and  roughly  arranged  from 


578 


COAL 


north  to  south,  this  map  number  in  each  instance  correspond-  * 
ing  to  the  number  of  the  same  mine  as  listed  in  the  table  of 
coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter,  in  which  table  the 
Pittsburgh  coal  results  are  represented  by  Nos.  12-84  inclu- 
sive. These  mines  were  all  visited  in  the  latter  part  of  1910, 
when  a section  was  measured  of  the  coal,  mine  data  collected, 
and  a sample  obtained  for  analysis,  this  work,  with  two  or 
three  exceptions,  being  performed  by  David  B.  Reger  and 
D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.,  of  the  Survey  staff.  The  sampling  was  done 
as  far  as  possible  according  to  the  methods  employed  by  the 
Fuel  Testing  Department  of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey. 
The  data  obtained  at  these  mines  will  now  be  considered 
from  north  to  south  across  the  county  in  order  of  the  map 
numbers  of  the  mines. 


Marion  Gas  Coal  Co.,  Bingamon  Mine. — No.  12  on  Map. 


Location,  1 mile  north  of  Enterprise;  Pittsburgh  coal. 

Feet.  Inches. 


1.  Coal,  “head” 0' 

2.  Coal  2 

3.  Bone  0 

4.  Coal  0 

5.  Bone  0 

6.  Coal  4 

7.  Slate  


10  " 

0 

0% 

8 

0 % 

3 7 ioy2 


“Tidal  elevation,  890',  spirit  level;  principal  office,  Greensburg, 
Pa.;  daily  capacity,  400  tons;  18  laborers  and  27  miners  employed; 
electric  haulage;  used  for  steam  and  gas;  shipped  all  directions; 
butts,  N.  80°  W.;  faces,  N.  10°  E.;  greatest  rise,  southeast;  sample  col- 
lected from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in  Main  entry  by  D.  D.  Teets, 
Jr.;  J.  B.  Weightman,  Supt.,  authority  for  data.” 


The  composition  and  calorific  value  of  the  sample  is 
given  under  No.  12  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of 
this  chapter.  The  “head”  coal  (No.  1 of  section)  is  not  taken 
down  mainly  on  account  of  its  sulphurous  character,  and  its 
indirect  aid  in  helping  to  support  the  roof,  in  that  it  prevents 
the  air  from  disintegrating  the  overlying  limy  shales,  thus 
obviating  bad  falls  of  slate. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


579 


Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  49  (Enterprise). — No.  13  on  Map. 


Located  at  Enterprise;  Pittsburgh  coal. 

Feet.  Inches. 

1.  Coal,  “head” 1'  0 " 

2.  Coal  2 5 

3.  Bone  0 1 

4.  Coal  0 5 

5.  Bone  0 0% 

6.  Coal  4 5 8 414 

“Tidal  elevation,  915',  aneroid;  owned  by  J.  N.  Camden  heirs: 
principal  offices,  Fairmont;  daily  capacity,  1000  tons;  70  laborers  and 
76  miners  employed;  used  for  steam,  gas  and  domestic  fuel;  shipped 
east  and  west;  butts,  N.  80°  W.;  faces,  N.  10°  E.;  greatest  rise,  south- 
east; sampled  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in  Room  No.  10  off  4th 
Right  Heading,  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  H.  L.  Ice,  Assistant  Supt.,  author, 
ity  for  data.” 

For  analysis  and  calorific  value  of  sample,  see  table  of 
coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter,  under  No.  13. 

This  mine  was  once  sampled  by  S.  D.  Brady  for  the  State 
Survey,  and  the  proximate  analysis  published  in  Vol.  II,  page 
205  under  No.  38. 


Monongah  Fuel  Co.,  Gallihue  Mine. — No.  13A  on  Map. 


Located  V2  mile  south  of  Kilarm;  Pittsburgh  coal. 

Feet. 


1.  Draw  slate 

2.  Coal,  “head”,  bony 1'  0 " 

3.  Coal  1 4 

4.  Bone  0 1 

5.  Coal  0 7 

6.  Bone  0 0 y2 

7.  Coal  4 3 

8.  Shale,  gray 


7 


Inches. 


3V2 


“Tidal  elevation,  1045',  aneroid;  principal  office,  Monongah;  daily 
capacity,  190  tons;  7 laborers  and  25  miners  employed;  horse  haulage; 
used  for  steam;  shipped  east  and  west;  butts,  N.  83°  09'  W.;  faces, 
N.  6°  51'  E.;  greatest  rise,  south;  sample  collected  from  Nos.  3,  4,  5, 
6 and  7 of  section  in  Room  No.  2 First  Left  heading  by  D.  B.  Reger; 
B.  A.  Wilson,  foreman,  authority  for  data.” 


The  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio  are  given 
under  No.  13A  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this 
chapter. 


580 


COAL 


Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  40  (Viropa). — No.  14  on  Map. 


Located  at  Viropa;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


1.  Coal,  “head” 1’  3 

2.  Coal  1 5 

3.  Bone  0 2 

4.  Coal  0 3y2 

5.  Bone  0 0% 

6.  Coal  0 4 

7.  Bone  0 0% 

8.  Coal  4 8 

9.  Slate  


Feet.  Inches. 


8 2% 


“Tidal  elevation,  930',  aneroid;  principal  office,  Fairmont;  daily 
copacity,  600  tons;  48  laborers  and  56  miners  employed;  used  for 
steam,  gas  and  domestic  fuel;  shipped  east  and  west;  butts,  N.  80° 
W.;  faces,  N.  10°  E.;  sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4,  6 and  8 in 
Room  No.  1,  7th  Left  Heading,  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  H.  L.  Ice,  Assistant 
Supt.,  authority  for  data.” 


The  composition  and  calorimeter  tests  are  given  under 
No.  14  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 

This  mine  was  once  sampled  for  the  State  Survey  by  S.  D. 
Brady,  and  the  proximate  analysis  published  in  Vol.  II,  page 
206,  under  No.  65. 


Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  65  (Solon). — No.  16  on  Map. 


Located  at, southwest  edge  of  Shinnston;  Pittsburgh  coal. 

Feet.  Inches. 


1. 

Coal,  “head” 

1' 

6 

2. 

Coal  

1 

3. . 

3. 

Bone  

0 

0 % 

4. 

Coal  

0 

7 

5. 

Bone  

0 

0% 

6. 

Coal  

4 

10 

7. 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  910',  aneroid;  owned  by  J.  N.  Camden  Heirs; 
principal  office,  Fairmont,  W.  Va.;  daily  capacity,  150  tons;  7 laborers 
and  20  miners  employed;  mule  haulage;  used  for  steam  and  domestic 
fuel;  shipped  south,  east  and  west;  butts,  N.  78°  W.;  faces,  N.  12°  E.; 
greatest  rise,  dips  in  all  directions;  sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 
and  6 of  section  in  first  Right,  off  Main  Butt,  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.; 
L.  V.  Reamer,  foreman,  authority  for  data.” 


The  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio  are  given 
under  No.  16  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this 
chapter. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


581 


This  mine  was  once  sampled  by  S.  D.  Brady  for  the  State 
Geological  Survey,  and  the  proximate  analysis  published  in 
Vol.  II,  page  205,  under  No.  43. 


Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  66  (Riverdale). — No.  15  on  Map. 

Located  0.7  mile  northeast  of  Shinnston;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


Feet.  Inches. 

1.  Coal,  “head” 1'  0 " 

2.  Coal  1 9 

3.  Bone  0 1 

4.  Coal 0 3 

5.  Bone  0 0% 

6.  Coal  0 3 

7.  Bone  0 0% 

8.  Coal  4 9 8 2% 

9.  Slate  


“Tidal  elevation,  920’,  aneroid;  owned  by  D.  M.  Shinn  Heirs;  prin- 
cipal office,  Fairmont;  daily  capacity,  275  tons;  20  laborers  and  30 
miners  employed;  used  for  steam,  gas  and  domestic  fuel;  shipped 
east  and  west;  butcs,  N.  80°  W.;  faces,  N.  10°  E.;  sample  collected 
from  Nos.  2,  4,  6 and  8 of  section,  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  Harry  Hickin- 
botham,  Assistant  Supt.,  authority  for  data.” 


For  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio  of  this 
sample,  see  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter 
under  No.  15. 

This  mine  was  once  sampled  for  the  State  Geological 
Survey  by  S.  D.  Brady,  and  the  proximate  analysis  published 
in  Vol.  II,  page  205,  under  No.  39. 


Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  51  (Ehlen). — No.  17  on  Map. 


Located  0.3  mile  S.  W.  of  Shinnston;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


1. 

Coal,  “wild” 

0' 

4" 

Feet.  Inches. 

2. 

Coal  

2 

6 

3. 

Bone  

0 

1 

4. 

Coal  

0 

7 

5. 

Bone  

0 

1 

6. 

Coal  

4 

9 

8 4 

7. 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  910',  aneroid;  owned  by  Moore,  Fleming  and 
Horner;  principal  office,  Fairmont;  daily  capacity,  300  tons;  25  la- 
borers and  50  miners  employed;  used  for  steam  purposes;  shipped 
in  all  directions;  butts,  N.  78°  W. ; faces,  N.  12°  E.;  greatest  rise,  all 
directions;  sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  at  Pillar 


582 


COAL 


No.  10  in  2nd  Right  Heading  oft  1st  Left  Face,  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.; 
Thomas  Jarrett,  Jr.,  Supt.,  and  authority  for  data.  There  seems  to 
be  no  real  head  coal,  but,  instead,  a kind  of  mixture  of  slate  and 
coal  is  found  above  coal  ranging  from  1 inch  to  7 or  8 inches  in 
thickness.” 

The  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio  are  given 
under  No.  17  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this 
chapter. 

The  above  mine  was  once  sampled  for  the  State  Survey 
by  S.  D.  Brady  and  the  proximate  analysis  published  in  Vol. 
II,  page  205,  under  No.  42. 


Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  42  (Robinson  Run). 
No.  1 on  Map. 

Located  at  mouth  of  Robinson  run;  Pittsburgh  coal. 

Feet.  Inches. 


1. 

Coal,  “head” 

0' 

8 " 

2. 

Coal  

1 

1 

3. 

Bone  

0 

oy2 

4. 

Coal  

3 

5. 

Bone  

0 

1 

6. 

Coal  

0 

1 

7. 

Bone  

0 

3 

8. 

Coal  

0 

4 

9. 

Bone  

0 

1 

10. 

Coal  

4 

6 

11. 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  930',  aneroid;  owned  by  Lucas;  principal  office,. 
Fairmont;  daily  capacity,  225  tons;  10  laborers  and  25  miners  em- 
ployed; used  for  steam,  gas  and  domestic  fuel;  shipped  east  and 
west;  sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4,  6,  8 and  10  in  the  bottom  of  2nd 
Left  Butt,  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  S.  E.  Cunningham,  assistant  mine 
foreman,  authority  for  data.” 

The  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio  of  the  coal 
sample  are  given  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of 
this  chapter  under  No.  18. 


Haywood  Coal  Mining  Co.,  Haywood  Mine. — No.  19  on  Map. 

Located  % mile  northeast  of  Haywood;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


1. 

Coal,  “head” 

O' 

10  " 

Feet.  Inches. 

2. 

Coal  

1 

5 

3. 

Bone  

0 

0x/4 

4. 

Coal  

1 

0 

5. 

Bone  

0 

1 

6. 

Foal  

5 

1 

8 5*4 

7. 

Slate  

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


583 


“Owned  by  Martin  Heirs;  principal  office,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.;  daily 
capacity,  200  tons;  8 laborers  and  20  miners  employed;  mule  haulage; 
used  for  steam;  shipped  east  and  west;  butts,  N.  78°  W.;  faces,  N. 
12°  E. ; greatest  rise,  northwest;  sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and 
6 of  section  in  Room  No.  10,  1st  Right;  G.  H.  Wisser,  Supt.,  authority 
for  data.” 

The  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio  are  given 
in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter,  under 
No.  19. 


Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  36  (Lucas). — No.  20  on  Map. 

Located  % mile  northwest  of  Haywood;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


1. 

Coal,  “head” 

0' 

6 " 

Feet.  Inches. 

2. 

Coal  

1 

6 

3. 

Bone  

0 

1 

4. 

Coal  

0 

8 y2 

5. 

Bone  

0 

i 

6. 

Coal  

4 

8 

....  7 6V2 

“Tidal  elevation,  950'  aneroid;  principal  office,  Fairmont;  daily 
capacity,  225  tons;  14  laborers  and  20  miners  employed;  horse  haul- 
age; used  for  steam,  gas  and  domestic  fuel;  shipped  east  and  west; 
butts,  N.  80°  W.;  faces,  N.  10°  E.;  greatest  rise,  southwest;  sample 
collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in  Room  No.  5,  4th  Right 
Heading,  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  D.  A.  Bird,  mine  foreman,  authority  for 
data.” 

The  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio  of  the 
sample  are  given  under  No.  20  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses 
at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 


Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  54  (Pooz). — No.  21  on  Map. 

Located  % mile  northwest  of  Haywood;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


Feet. 

Inches. 

1. 

Coal,  “head” 

1' 

0 " 

2. 

Coal  

1 

10 

3. 

Bone  

0 

1 

4. 

Coal  

0 

5 

5. 

Bone  

0 

0% 

6. 

Coal  

4 

6 

7 

10% 

7. 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  960',  aneroid;  principal  office,  Fairmont;  daily 
capacity,  125  tons;  15  laborers  and  23  miners  employed;  mule  haul- 
age; used  for  steam,  gas  and  domestic  fuel;  shipped  east  and  west; 
butts,  N.  77°  W.;  face,  N.  13°  E.;  sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and 
6 of  section  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  L.  C.  Dent,  mine  foreman,  authority 
for  data.” 


584 


COAL 


For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see 
No.  21  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 


Virginia  and  Maryland  Coal  Corporation,  Willard  No.  2 Mine. 

No.  22  on  Map. 


Located  2 miles  southeast  of  Shinnston;  Pittsburgh  coal. 

Feet.  Inches. 

1.  Coal,  “head” 1'  0" 

2.  Coal  1 1 

3.  Bone  0 1 

4.  Coal  0 8 

5.  Bone  0 1 

6.  Coal  5 4 8 3 

7.  Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  1035',  spirit  level;  principal  office,  Richmond, 
Va.;  2 laborers  and  7 miners  employed;  used  for  steam  and  gas; 
shipped  east;  butts,  N.  77°  30'  W.;  faces,  N.  12°  30'  E.;  greatest  rise, 
soucheast;  sample  collected  from  Nos,  2.  4 and  6 of  section  by  D.  D. 
Teets,  Jr.;  A.  Lisle  White,  Supt.,  authority  for  data.  This  mine  is 
just  being  opened  (Oct.  25,  1910) ; do  not  know  just  what  its  capacity 
may  be.” 

For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see 
No.  22  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 


Virginia  and  Maryland  Coal  Corporation,  Willard  No.  1 Mine. 

No.  23  on  Map. 

Located  2 miles  southeast  of  Shinnston  on  Mudlick  run;  Pitts- 


burgh  coal. 

1. 

Coal,  “head” 

1' 

1" 

Feet.  Inches. 

2. 

Coal  

2 

0 

3. 

Bone  

0 

1 

4. 

Coal  

0 

8 

5. 

Bone  

0 

1 

6. 

Coal  

4 

5 .... 

8 4 

7. 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  1035',  spirit  level;  principal  office,  Richmond, 
Va.;  daily  capacity,  1000  tons;  31  laborers  and  100  miners  employed; 
mule  haulage;  used  for  steam  and  gas;  shipped  east;  butts,  N.  77°  30' 
W.;  faces,  N.  12°  30'  E.;  greatest  rise,  southeast;  sample  collected 
from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in  Room  No.  7 of  3rd  East  Heading 
by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  A.  Lisle  White,  Supt.,  authority  for  data.” 

For  the  composition,  calorific  value,  and  fuel  ratio,  see 
No.  23  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 


WEST.  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


585 


Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  61  (Owings). — No.  24  on  Map. 


Located  2 y2  miles  southeast  of  Shinnston,  at  Owings;  Pittsburgh 

coal. 


Feet.  Inches. 


1.  Draw  slate 

2.  Coal,  “head” V 0" 

3.  Coal  1 2 

4.  Bone  0 1 

5.  Coal  0 4 

6.  Bone  0 0% 

7.  Coal  0 3 

8.  Bone  0 1 

9.  Coal  4 9 

10.  Slate  


7 


“Tidal  elevation,  1060',  aneroid;  principal  office,  Fairmont;  daily 
capacity,  125  tons;  5 laborers  and  12  miners  employed;  electric  haul- 
age; used  for  steam;  shipped  east  and  west;  butts,  N.  75°  W.;  faces, 
N.  15"  E. ; greacest  rise,  southeast;  sample  collected  from  head  coal 
No.  2 of  section  and  also  the  regular  sample  from  Nos.  3,  5,  6,  7 and  9 
of  section  by  D.  B.  Reger;  E.  G.  Vincent,  foreman,  authority  for  data. 
This  is  a new  mine  (Dec.  22,  1910)  opposite  No.  32  of  Consolidation 
series  and  uses  the  same  tipple.  Practically  all  the  coal  is  recovered.” 


The  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio  of  both 
samples  are  given  under  No.  24  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses 
at  the  end  of  this  chapter,  the  “head”  coal  being  so  designated 
in  the  table. 

In  the  above  mine,  the  “head”  coal  shows  up  better  in 
sulphur,  B.T.U.,  and  fuel  ratio  rating  than  the  main  mining 
section  of  the  bed.  The  phosphorus,  however,  is  much  higher 
in  the  former  division  of  the  coal. 


Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  32  (Owings). — No.  25  on  Map. 


Located  2V2  miles  southeast  of  Shinnston  at  Owings;  Pittsburgh 
coal. 


Feet.  Inches. 


1.  Draw  slate 

2.  Coal,  “head” O'  11  " 

3.  Coal  1 2 

4.  Bone  0 1 

5.  Coal  0 4 

6.  Bone  0 oy2 

7.  Coal  0 3 

8.  Bone  0 1 

9.  Coal  4 5 

10.  Sulphur  band 0 2 7 5% 

11.  Slate  


586 


COAL 


“Elevation,  1060',  aneroid;  principal  office,  Fairmont;;  daily 
capacity,  450  tons;  25  laborers  and  50  miners  employed;  electric 
haulage;  used  for  steam;  shipped  east  and  west;  butts,  N.  80°  W.; 
faces,  N.  10°  E.;  greatest  rise,  southeast;  sample  collected  from  Nos. 
3,  5,  6,  7 and  9 of  section  in  Room  No.  5 on  No.  2 Butt,  left  of  man- 
way, by  D.  B.  Reger;  E.  G.  Vincent,  foreman,  authority  for  data;  nom- 
inal recovery,  95  per  cent,  but  foreman  says  they  get  99^  per  cent.” 

For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see 
No.  25  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 

The  ten  following  mines  are  located  on  the  waters  of 
Tenmile  creek  along  the  W.  Va.  Short  Line  Branch  of  the 
B.  & O.  R.  R.  and  are  arranged  from  west  to  east: 


Short  Line  Coal  Co.,  Girard  No.  2 Mine  (new  opening). 
No.  27  on  Map. 

Located  0.8  mile  northwest  of  Dola;  Pittsburgh  coal. 

Feet.  Inches. 


1. 

Coal,  “head”, 

thickness  i 

concealed 

2. 

Coal  

0' 

11  " 

3. 

Bone  

0 

oy2 

4. 

Coal  

0 

2 

5. 

Bone  

0 

0% 

6. 

Coal  

0 

4 

7. 

Bone  

0 

0% 

8. 

Coal  

4 

6 

9. 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  1005',  aneroid;  owned  by  F.  M.  Piggott;  princi- 
pal office,  1010  Penn  Square  Building,  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  for  capacicy 
and  labor  see  Mine  No.  28  (next  mine);  used  for  steam;  shipped  to 
lakes;  butts,  N.  75°  W. ; faces,  N.  15°  E.;  greatest  rise,  northeast; 
sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4,  5,  6 and  8,  about  100'  from  outcrop, 
by  D.  B.  Reger;  P.  F.  Cogar,  Supt.,  and  auchority  for  data.  This  is 
a new  opening  just  made  in  1910.  Coal  is  taken  out  through  hill  to 
Map  No.  28  tipple.” 

For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see 
No.  27  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 


Short  Line  Coal  Co.,  Girard  No.  2 Mine  (old  opening). 
No.  28  on  Map. 

Located  0.5  mile  northwest  of  Dola;  Pittsburgh  coal. 

Feet.  Inches. 

1 Coal,  “head”,  thickness  concealed 

2.  Coal  0'  3 " 

3.  Bone  0 0% 

4.  Coal  0 4 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


587 


Feet.  Inches. 


5. 

Slate  

0 

0 % 

6. 

Coal  

0 

8 

7. 

Slate  

0 

0% 

8. 

Coal  

0 

6 

9. 

Bone  

0 

0% 

10. 

Coal  

0 

7 

11. 

Bone  

0 

0% 

12 

Coal  

1 

7 

13. 

Slate  

0 

0% 

14. 

Coal  

2 

9 

15. 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  1045',  aneroid;  owned  by  F.  M.  Piggott;  principal 
office,  1010  Penn  Square  Building,  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  daily  capacity, 
300  tons;  20  laborers  and  50  miners  employed;  rope  haulage;  used  for 
steam;  shipped  to  lakes;  butts,  N.  75°  W.;  faces,  N.  15°  E.;  greatest 
rise,  N.  E.;  sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10,  12,  13  and 
14  of  section  by  D.  B.  Reger;  P.  F.  Cogar,  Supt.,  authority  for  data.” 

For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see 
No.  28  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 


Fayette  Coal  Co.,  Fayette  Mine. — No.  29  on  Map. 


Located  at  Dola;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


Feet. 

Inches. 

1. 

Coal,  “head” 

1' 

0 " 

2. 

Coal  

1 

1 

3. 

Bone  

0 

0 % 

4. 

Coal  

0 

7 

5. 

Bone  

0 

1 

6. 

Coal  

4 

3 

7 

0^4 

7. 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  1050',  aneroid;  owned  by  J.  Allen  Swiger;  prin- 
cipal office,  Uniontown,  Pa.;  daily  capacity,  300  to  350  tons;  15 
laborers  and  25  miners  employed;  mule  haulage;  used  for  steam  and 
domestic  fuel;  shipped  east  and  west;  butts,  N.  80°  W.;  faces,  N.  10° 
E.;  greatest  rise,  southeast;  recovery,  90  per  cent;  sample  collected 
from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in  Main  Heading  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.; 
B.  T.  Grieves,  Supt.,  authority  for  data.” 

For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio  of  the 
sample,  see  No.  29  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end 
of  this  chapter. 


National  Coal  Co.,  National  Mine. — No.  30  on  Map. 


Located  0.5  mile  S.  E.  of  Dola;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


Feet.  Inches. 

1.  Coal,  “head” 0'  8 " 

2.  Coal  1 8 


588 


COAL 


Bone  

0 

oy2 

Feet.  Inches. 

Coal  

0 

7 

Bone  

0 

1 

Coal  

4 

0 

7 - 0Vf> 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  1050',  aneroid;  operated  on  lease;  principal 
office,  Baltimore,  Md.;  daily  capacity,  175  tons;  9 laborers  and  35 
miners  employed;  mule  haulage;  used  for  steam;  shipped  east  and 
west;  butts,  N.  80°  W. ; faces,  N.  10°  E.;  greatest  rise,  southeast; 
sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in  Room  No.  1,  3rd 
Left,  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  N.  B.  Whitehair,  Supt.,  authority  for  data. 
There  is  no  distinct  separation  of  “head”  coal  and  coal  immediately 
below  it.  About  8"  is  left  up  for  protection  of  roof.” 


For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see 
No.  30  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 


Swiger  Coal  Co.,  Gilbert  Mine. — No.  31  on  Map. 


Located  1 mile  southeast  of  Dola  at  Rosebud;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


Feet.  Inches. 

1.  Coal,  “head” O'  9 " 

2.  Coal  1 1 

3.  Bone  0 0% 

4.  Coal  0 8 

5.  Bone  ..0  1 

6.  Coal  4 2 6 9% 

7.  Slate  


“Tidal  elevation,  1135',  aneroid;  owned  by  Gilbert  Swiger;  princi- 
pal office,  Rosebud;  daily  capacity,  70  tons;  4 laborers  and  5 miners 
employed;  mule  haulage;  used  for  steam;  shipped  north;  butts,  N. 
80°  W.;  faces,  N.  10°  E.;  greatest  rise,  northwest?;  sample  collected 
from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  J.  C.  Swiger,  fore- 
man, authority  for  data.” 

For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio  of  the 
sample,  see  No.  31  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of 
this  chapter. 

Peacock  Coal  Co.,  Sylvester  Mine. — No.  32  on  Map. 


Located  1 mile  southeast  of  Dola  at  Rosebud;  Pittsburgh  coai. 


1.  Coal,  “head” 0' 

2.  Coal  1 

3.  Bone  0 

4.  Coal  0 

5.  Bone  0 

6.  Coal  4 

7.  Slate  


Feet.  Inches. 

8 " 

6 

oy2 

7 

1 

7 7 5% 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


589 


“Tidal  elevation,  1135'  aneroid;  owned  by  Gilbert  Swiger;  principal 
office,  Clarksburg;  daily  capacity,  300  tons;  15  laborers  and  23  miners 
employed;  used  for  steam  and  domestic  fuel;  shipped  east  and  west; 
butts,  N.  80°  W.;  faces,  N.  10°  E.;  greatest  rise,  northwest;  sample 
collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in  Room  No.  6,  4th  Right,  by 
D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.,  W.  B.  Blakesmith,  Supt.,  authority  for  data.” 

For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio  of  the 
sample,  see  No.  32  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end 
of  this  chapter. 


Rosebud  Fuel  Co.,  Rosebud  Mine. — No.  33  on  Map. 

Located  at  Rosebud,  nearly  on  the  axis  of  Wolf  Summit  anticline; 


Pittsburgh  coal. 

1. 

Coal,  “head” 

1' 

0 " 

Feet.  Inches. 

2_ 

Coal  

1 

5 

3’. 

Bone  

0 

0 % 

4. 

Coal  

0 

8 

5. 

Bone  

b 

1 

6. 

Coal  

4 

3 

....  7 5Vo 

“Tidal  elevation,  1135',  aneroid;  owned  by  Gilbert  Swiger;  princi- 
pal office,  Fairmont;  daily  capacity,  150  tons;  12  laborers  and  15 
miners  employed;  used  for  steam,  gas  and  domestic  fuel;  shipped 
east,  west  and  north;  butts,  N.  80°  W.;  faces,  N.  10°  E.;  greatest  rise, 
northwest;  sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  by  D.  D. 
Teets,  Jr.;  W.  F.  Roush,  Supt.,  authority  for  data.” 


For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio  of 
sample,  see  No.  33  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end 
of  this  chapter. 


Lumberport  Steam  Coal  Co.,  Emery  Mine. — No.  34  on  Map. 


Located  0.3  mile  northeast  of  the  mouth  of  Little  Tenmile;  Pitts- 


burgh 

1. 

coal. 

Coal,  “head”.. 

0' 

6 ' 

Feet.  Inches. 

2. 

Coal  

1 

6 

3. 

Bone  

0 

0 % 

4. 

Coal  

0 

6 

5. 

Bone  

0 

1 

6. 

Coal  

5 

0 

7 7% 

7. 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation, 

1110',  aneroid; 

principal  office,  Lumberport; 

daily  capacity,  250  tons,  when  fully  developed;  10  laborers  and  30 
miners  employed;  used  for  steam;  shipped  east  and  west;  butts,  N.  85° 
W. ; faces,  N.  5°  E.;  greatest  rise,  northwest;  sample  collected  from 
Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in  first  Butt  parallel  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  L. 
L.  Gibson,  Supt.,  authority  for  data.” 


590 


COAL 


For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see 
table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter,  under  No.  34. 


Blue  Ridge  Coal  Co.,  Thompson  Mine. — No.  35  on  Map. 

Located  at  east  edge  of  Lumperport;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


1. 

Ccal,  “head” 

0' 

6 " 

Feet.  Inches. 

2. 

Coal  

1 

6 

3. 

Bone  

0 

oy4 

4. 

Coal  

0 

7 

5. 

Bone  

0 

1 

6. 

Coal  

4 

9 

7 5 14 

7. 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  1000',  aneroid;  owned  by  Griffin;  principal  office, 
Clarksburg;  daily  capacity,  250  tons;  7 laborers  and  20  miners  em- 
ployed; mule  haulage;  used  for  steam;  shipped  east  and  west;  butts, 
N.  80°  W.;  faces,  N.  10°  E.;  greatest  rise,  southwest;  sample  col- 
lected from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in  Room  No.  16,  1st  Right,  by 
D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  W.  H.  Sandridge,  Supt.,  authority  for  data.” 

For  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see  No.  35 
in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 


Hero  Coal  and  Coke  Co.,  Hero  Mines. — No.  36  on  Map. 

Located  y2  mile  northeast  of  Lumberport;  Pittsburgh  coal. 

Feet.  Inches. 


1. 

Coal,  “head” 

0' 

9 

2. 

Coal  

1 

10 

3. 

Bone  

0 

oy2 

4. 

Coal  

0 

7 

5. 

Bone  

0 

oy2 

6. 

Coal  

4 

7 

7. 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  970',  aneroid;  principal  office,  Uniontown,  Pa.; 
daily  capacity,  300  tons;  7 laborers  and  35  miners  employed;  mule 
haulage;  used  for  steam  and  domestic  fuel;  shipped  east  and  west; 
butts,  N.  79°  W.;  face,  N.  11°  E.;  greatest  rise,  northwest;  sample 
collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  seccion  in  Room  No.  1,  2nd  Right 
Heading,  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  Wm.  Reid,  Supt.,  and  authority  for  data." 

For  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see  No.  36 
in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 


Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  21  (Gypsy). — No.  37  on  Map. 

Located  at  north  edge  of  Gypsy;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


Feet.  Inches. 

1.  Coal,  “head” V 0 " 

2.  Coal  1 11 

3.  Bone  0 1 

4.  Coal  0 4 


.WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


591 


Feet. 

Inches. 

Bone  

0 

034 

Coal  

0 

3 

Bone  

0 

1 

Coal  

4 

11  

8 

734 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  908',  aneroid;  owned  by  Monongah  Company; 
principal  office,  Fairmont;  93  laborers  and  43  miners  employed;  used 
for  steam,  gas  and  domestic  fuel;  shipped  east  and  west;  butts;  N. 
77°  W.;  faces  N.  13°  E.;  greatest  rise,  northwest;  sample  collected 
Nov.  2,  1910,  from  Nos.  2,  4,  6 and  8 of  section,  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.; 
tipple  boss,  authority  for  data.” 


For  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio  of  the  sam- 
ple, see  No.  37  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this 
chapter. 

The  old  Maulsby  mine  (No.  38  on  Map)  of  the  Fairmont 
Coal  Co.,  located  0.5  mile  southeast  of  Gypsy,  had  been  aban- 
doned in  1910,  but  it  was  once  sampled  for  the  State  Geological 
Survey  by  S.  D.  Brady,  and  the  proximate  analysis,  as  pub- 
lished on  page  205  of  Vol.  1,  under  No.  41,  is  given  under 
No.  38  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 


Lambert  Run  Coal  Co.,  Clauson  Mine. — No.  39  on  Map. 

Located  % mile  west  of  Meadowbrook,  on  Short  Line  Railroad; 


Pittsburgh  coal. 

1. 

Coal,  “head” 

1' 

0 " 

Feet.  Inches. 

2. 

Coal  

2 

0 

3. 

Bone  

0 

oy8 

4. 

Coal  

0 

4 

5. 

Bone  

0 

oy2 

6. 

Coal  

4 

6 

7 10% 

7. 

Slate  

• 

“Tidal  elevation,  990',  aneroid;  principal  office,  Fairmont;  daily 
capacity,  350  tons;  12  laborers  and  28  miners  employed;  used  for 
steam;  shipped  east;  butts,  N.  80°  W.;  faces  N.  10°  E.;  greatest  rise, 
southeast;  sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in  air 
course,  2nd  Heading,  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  Dorsey  Pople,  Supt.,  au- 
thority for  data.” 


For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see 
No.  39  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 


592 


COAL 


Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  55  (Meadowbrook). 
No.  40  on  Map. 

Located  at  south  edge  of  Meadowbrook;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


Feet. 

Inches. 

1. 

Coal,  “head” 

V 

4 " 

2. 

Coal  

3 

3. 

Bone  

0% 

4. 

Coal  

0 

10 

5. 

Bone  

0 

1 

6. 

Coal  

4 

6 

8 

0% 

7. 

Slate  

Tidal  elevation,  1050',  aneroid;  owned  by  J.  N.  Camden  Heirs; 
principal  office,  Fairmont;  daily  capacity,  300  tons;  42  laborers  and 
46  miners  employed;  electric  haulage;  used  for  steam,  gas  and  do- 
mestic purposes;  shipped  east  and  west;  butts,  N.  80°  W.;  faces,  N.  10° 
E.;  sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in  Room  No.  5,  off 
10th  Butt  Heading,  off  Main  Face  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  J.  H.  Nuzum, 
Supt.,  authority  for  data.” 


For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio  of  the 
samples  of  main  bench  and  “head”  coal  see  No.  40  in  the  table 
of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter.  The  “head”  coal 
is  much  higher  in  ash  and  phosphorus  than  the  main  mining 
division  of  the  bed. 

The  mine  was  once  sampled  by  S.  D.  Brady  for  the  State 
Geological  Survey,  and  the  proximate  analysis  published  on 
page  206  of  Vol.  II,  under  No.  59. 


Cook  Coal  & Coke  Co.,  Girard  No.  1 Mine. — No.  41  on  Map. 


Located  0.6  mile  southeast  of  Meadowbrook;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


1. 

Coal,  “head” 

. .1' 

3 " 

Feet.  Inches. 

2. 

Coal.* 

. ..1 

5 

3. 

Bone  

. .1 

0% 

4. 

Coal  

. ..0 

7 

5. 

Bone  

. .0 

1 

6. 

Coal  

. .4 

10 

8 2V2 

7. 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  975',  aneroid 

; owned  by  J.  N.  Camden  Heirs; 

principal  office,  Philadelphia, 

Pa.; 

daily 

capacity,  800  tons;  43  labor- 

ers  and  60  miners  employed;  electric  haulage;  used  for  steam  and 
domestic  fuel;  shipped  east  and  west;  butts,  N.  76°  W.;  faces,  N.  14° 
E.;  greatest  rise,  southeast;  sampled  from  Nos.  2.,  4 and  6 of  section 
by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  E.  P.  McAlvin,  foreman,  authority  for  data.” 

For  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see  No. 
41  in  the  table  of  coal-  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 


on  Map.  Also  Topography  of  the  Monongahela  series. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


593 


Harrison  County  Coal  Co.,  Overholt  Mine. — No.  42  on  Map. 


.Located  0.6  mile  west  of  Meadowbrook;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


Feet. 

Inches. 

1. 

Coal,  “head” 

1' 

3 " 

2. 

Coal  

1 

3 

3. 

Bone  

0 

oy8 

4. 

Coal  

0 

8 

5. 

Bone  

0 

i 

6. 

Coal  

6 

6 

7 

9y8 

7. 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  1120',  aneroid;  owned  by  Overholt  Bros.;  prin- 
cipal office,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.;  daily  capacity,  400  tons;  9 laborers  and 
29  miners  employed;  mule  haulage;  used  for  steam  and  gas;  shipped 
in  all  directions;  butts,  N.  78°  W.;  faces,  N.  12°  E.;  greatest  rise, 
southeast;  sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in  Main 
Face  heading  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  Geo.  H.  Rustin,  Supt.,  authority 
for  data.” 

For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio  of  the 
sample,  see  No.  42  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of 
this  chapter. 


Hutchinson  Coal  Co.,  Erie  Mine. — No.  43  on  Map. 


Located  at  Erie;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


1.  Coal,  “head” 0'  11 

2.  Coal  2 0 

3.  Bone  0 0% 

4.  Coal  0 8 

5.  Bone  0 0% 

6.  Coal  0 10 

7.  Slate  


Feet.  Inches. 


8 6i/2 


“Tidal  elevation,  1110',  aneroid;  principal  office,  Fairmont,;  daily 
capacity,  900  to  1,000  tons;  35  laborers  and  75  miners  employed; 
electric  haulage;  used  for  steam  and  domestic  fuel;  shipped  in  all 
directions;  butts,  N.  80°  W.;  face,  N.  10°  E.;  greatest  rise,  southeast; 
sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.; 
A.  J.  Jenkins,  Supt.,  and  authority  for  data.” 


For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio  of  the 
sample,  see  No.  43  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end 
of  this  chapter. 

The  above  mine  was  once  sampled  by  S.  D.  Brady  for 
the  State  Geological  Survey,  and  the  proximate  analysis  pub- 
lished on  page  205  of  Vol.  II,  under  No.  49. 


594 


COAL 


Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  33  (Globe). — No.  44  on  Map. 


Located  at  Farnum;  Pittsburgh  coal. 

Feet.  Inches. 

1.  Coal,  “head” O'  8" 

2.  Coal  1 10 

3.  Bone  0 1 

4.  Coal  0 8 

5.  Bone  0 1 

6.  Coal  4 10  8 2 

7.  Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  1030',  aneroid;  principal  office,  Fairmont;  daily 
capacity,  200  tons;  7 laborers  and  21  miners  employed;  electric  haul- 
age; shipped  east  and  west;  butts,  N.  80°  W.;  faces,  N.  10°  E.; 
greatest  rise,’  northwest;  sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of 
section  in  Room  No.  6,  1st  Left  off  No.  2,  Left  Face,  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.; 
G.  E.  Kendrick,  foreman,  authority  for  data.” 


For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see 
No.  44  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 

The  old  Glen  Falls  mine  (No.  45  on  map)  of  the  Fairmont 
Coal  Co.,  located  a short  distance  due  east  of  the  mouth  of 
Fall  run,  had  been  abandoned  in  1910,  but  it  was  once  sampled 
for  the  State  Geological  Survey  by  S.  D.  Brady,  and  the  prox- 
imate analysis  as  published  on  page  205  of  Vol.  II,  under  No. 
48,  is  given  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this 
chapter,  under  No.  45. 


Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  27  (Dunham). — No.  46  on  Map. 

Located  on  south  side  of  Fall  run  at  Glen  Falls;  Pittsburgh  coal. 

Feet.  Inches. 


0. 

Shale,  gray  and 

soft. . . . 

1. 

Coal,  “head” 

1' 

6 " 

2. 

Coal  

0 

10 

3. 

Bone  

0 

1% 

4. 

Coal  

0 

7% 

5. 

Bone  

0 

1 

6. 

Coal  

5 

1 

8 

2% 

7. 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  1075',  aneroid;  principal  office,  Fairmont;  15 
laborers  and  30  miners  employed;  electric  haulage;  butts,  N.  80°  W.; 
faces,  N.  10°  E.;  greatest  rise,  southwest;  recovery,  9iy2  per  cent; 
sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  at  mouth  of  10th 
Right  Heading  by  Ray  V.  Hennen  and  D.  B.  Reger;  L.  C.  Murray, 
Supt.,  Walter  Miller,  foreman,  authority  for  data.” 

For  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see  No. 
46  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


595 


Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  48  (Fall  Run). — No.  47  on  Map. 


Located  on  Fall  Run,  0.6  mile  southeast  of  Glen  Falls;  Pittsburgh 


coal. 


Coal,  “head”,  thickness  concealed 

Coal  1'  4 " 

Bone  0 0 V2 

Coal  0 8 y2 

Bone  0 0 % 

Coal  5 3 

Slate  


Feet.  Inches. 


4% 


“Tidal  elevation,  1080',  aneroid;  principal  office,  Fairmont;  daily 
capacity,  350  tons;  19  laborers  and  40  miners  employed;  electric 
haulage;  butts,  N.  80°  W. ; faces  N.  10°  E.;  greatest  rise,  southeast; 
sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in  Room  No.  4,  off 
5th  Right,  by  Ray  V.  Hennen  and  D.  B.  Reger;  L.  C.  Murray,  Supt.; 
Walter  Miller,  foreman,  authority  for  data.” 


For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see 
No.  47  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter.  ■ 


Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  62  (Perry  No.  3). — No.  48  on  Map. 


Located  mile  north  of  Adamston;  Pittsburgh  coal. 

Feet.  Inches. 


1. 

Coal,  “head” 

V 

0 ' 

2. 

Coal  

0 

8 

3. 

Bone  

0 

0% 

4. 

Coal  

0 

4 y2 

5. 

Bone  

0 

0 % 

6. 

Coal  

0 

5 

7. 

Bone  

0 

1 

8. 

Coal  

0 

7 

9. 

Bone  

0 

1 

10. 

Coal  

4 

2 

11. 

Slate  

“Tidal  e’evation,  1005'  aneroid;  principal  office,  Fairmont;  daily 
capacity,  200  tons;  19  laborers  and  37  miners  employed;  mule  haul- 
age; used  for  steam,  gas  and  domestic  fuel;  shipped  east  and  west; 
butts,  N.  78°  W.;  faces,  N.  12°  E.;  greatest  rise,  south;  sample  col- 
lected from  Nos.  2,  4,  6,  8 and  10  of  section  in  1st  Right,  3rd  North, 
by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  D.  Oldroyd,  Supt.,  authority  for  data.” 


For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio  of  the 
above  sample,  see  No.  48  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the 
end  of  this  chapter. 


596 


COAL 


Corona  Coal  & Coke  Co.,  Harold  Mine. — No.  49  on  Map. 


Located  y2  mile  northeast  of  Adamston;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


1. 

Coal,  “head” 

1' 

11  " 

Feet.  Inches. 

2. 

Coal  

0 

7 

3. 

Bone  

0 

oy2 

4. 

Coal  

0 

7 

"A  . 

5. 

Bone  

0 

oy2 

6. 

Coal  

0 

o 

8 2 

7. 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  1000',  aneroid;  principal  office,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.; 
daily  capacity,  700  tons;  30  laborers  and  55  miners  employed;  electric 
haulage;  used  for  steam,  gas  and  domestic  fuel;  shipped  in  all  di- 
rections; butts,  N.  81°  W. ; faces  N.  9°  El.;  greatest  rise,  northwest, 
sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.; 
J.  E.  Clingan,  Supt.,  authority  for  data.” 


For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see 
No.  49  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 

The  15  following  mines  in  the  Pittsburgh  coal  are  located 
on  the  waters  of  Limestone  run,  westward  from  Clarksburg, 
along  the  main  line  of  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  R.  R.  (South- 
west), and  are  arranged  in  order  of  their  map  numbers  from 
west  to  east: 

Chas.  T.  Moore,  Phoenix  Mine. — No.  50  on  Map. 

(W.  B.  Gunton  Coal  Co.) 


Located  y2  mile  northeast  of  Wolf  Summit;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


Feet. 

Inches. 

1. 

Coal,  “head” 

0' 

6 " 

2. 

Coal  

0 

6 

3. 

Bone  

0 

0% 

4. 

Coal  

0 

9 

5. 

Bone  

.0 

1 

6. 

Coal  

4 

3 

6 

1% 

7. 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  1150',  aneroid;  owned  by  Moore  and  Douglass; 
principal  office,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.;  daily  capacity,  100  tons;  13  laborers 
and  13  miners  employed;  used  for  domestic  fuel;  shipped  west; 
butts,  N.  80°  W. ; faces,  N.  10°  E. ; greatest  rise,  southeast;  sample 
collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in  Main  Heading,  3rd  Right, 
by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  M.  M.  Mannix,  Supt.,  authority  for  data.” 

For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see 
No.  50  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 

At  the  time  this  mine  was  visited  by  Mr.  Teets,  it  was 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


597 


run  under  the  name  given  above,  but,  according  to  the  Annual 
Report  of  the  Department  of  Mines  of  W.  Va.  for  1910,  it  is 

run  by  the  W.  B.  Gunton  Coal  Co. 


O’Gara  Coal  Co.,  O’Gara  Mine. — No.  51  on  Map. 

Located  y2  mile  northeast  of  Wolf  Summit;  Pittsburgh  coal. 

Feet.  Inches. 


1. 

Coal,  “head” 

0' 

10 

2. 

Coal  

1 

4% 

3. 

Bone  

0 

oy2 

4. 

Coal  

0 

7y2 

5. 

Bone  

0 

oy2 

6. 

Coal  

4 

3 

7. 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  1140',  aneroid;  owned  by  Summit  Coal  Co.; 
principal  office,  Chicago,  111.;  daily  capacity,  360  tons;  27  laborers 
and  35  miners  employed;  used  for  domestic  fuel;  shipped  west; 
butts,  N.  80°  W.;  faces,  N.  10°  E.;  greatest  rise,  southeast;  sample 
collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in  Room  No.  23  South,  3rd 
Right  Heading,  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  J.  S.  Howe,  Supt.,  authority  for 
data.” 

For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see 
No.  51  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 


Hutchinson  Coal  Co.,  Delta  Mine. — No.  52  on  Map. 


Located  y2  mile  northeast  of  Wolf  Summit;  Pittsburgh  coal. 

Feet.  Inches. 


1. 

Coal,  “head”. 

0' 

6 " 

2. 

Coal  

0 

6 

3. 

Bone  

0 

oy8 

4. 

Coal  

0 

6 

5. 

Bone  

0 

i 

6. 

Coal  

4 

sy2  

• • 6 5% 

7. 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation, 

1110',  aneroid;  owned 

by  Kelso  Thompson; 

principal  office,  Fairmont;  daily  capacity,  400  tons;  10  laborers  and 
40  miners  employed;  mule  haulage;  used  for  steam  and  gas;  shipped 
east  and  west;  butts,  N.  78°  W.;  faces,  N.  12°  E.;  greatest  rise, 
southeast;  sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in  Main 
Heading  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  C.  D.  M.  Kramer,  Supt.,  authority  for 
data.” 


For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see 
No.  52  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 

The  old  Reynoldsville  mine  (No.  53  on  Map),  located  one 
mile  eastward  from  Wolf  Summit  at  Reynoldsville,  had  been 
abandoned  in  1910,  but  it  was  once  sampled  for  the  State  Sur- 


598 


COAL 


vey  by  S.  D.  Brady,  and  the  proximate  analysis  as  published 
on  page  206  of  Vol.  II,  under  No.  61,  is  given  in  the  table  of 
coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter,  under  No.  53. 


Madeira-Hill-Clark  Coal  Co.,  Chieftain  or  No.  4 Mine. 
No.  54  on  Map. 


Located  0.9  mile  northwest  of  Wilsonburg; 


1.  Coal,  “head” 1'  0 

2.  Coal  0 6 

3 Bone  0 0y8 

4.  Coal  0 6 

5.  Bone  0 0 % 

6.  Coal  4 10 

7.  Slate  


Pittsburgh  coal. 

Feet.  Inches. 


6 10% 


“Tidal  elevation,  1135',  spirit  level;  operated  on  lease;  principal 
office,  Fairmont;  daily  capacity,  100  tons;  4 laborers  and  18  miners 
empioyed;  mule  haulage;  used  lor  steam,  gas  and  domestic  fuel; 
shipped  west;  butts,  N.  80°  W. ; faces,  N.  10°  E.;  greatest  rise,  N. 
40°  W.;  sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in  2nd  Left 
Heading  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.” 


For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see 
No.  54  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter.. 


Madeira-Hill-Clark  Coal  Co.  No.  3 (Randolph). 
No.  55  on  Map. 


Located  0.9  mile  northwest  of  Wilsonburg; 


1.  Coal,  “head” 0'  10 

2.  Coal  1 4 

3.  Bone  0 0 % 

4.  Coal  0 7 

5.  Bone  0 0% 

6.  Coal  .4  0 

7.  Slate  


Pittsburgh  coal. 

Feet.  Inches. 


6 10% 


“Tidal  elevation,  1133',  spirit  level;  operated  on  lease;  principal 
office,  Fairmont;  daily  capacity,  550  tons;  23  laborers  and  62  miners 
employed;  electric  and  mule  haulage;  used  for  steam,  gas  and  domes- 
tic fuel;  shipped  west;  butts,  N.  80°  W.;  faces  N.  10°  E. ; greatest 
rise,  N.  40°  W.;  sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in 
Room  No.  9 off  4th  Left  Heading  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.” 


For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see 
No.  55  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


599 


Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  35  (O’Neil). — No.  56  on  Map. 


Located  1 mile  due  north  of  Wilsonburg;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


Feet. 

Inches, 

1. 

Coal,  “head” 

0' 

8 " 

2. 

Coal  

1 

8 

3. 

Bone  

0 

1 

4. 

Coal  

.0 

8V2 

% 

5. 

Bone  

0 

0% 

6. 

Coal  

4 

6 

7 

814 

7. 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  1050'  aneroid;  principal  office,  Fairmont;  daily 
capacity,  500  tons;  50  laborers  and  50  miners  employed;  rope  and 
mule  haulage;  used  for  steam,  gas  and  domestic  fuel;  shipped  east 
and  west;  butts,  N.  80°  W. ; faces,  N.  10°  E.;  greatest  rise,  southeast; 
sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in  Room  No.  15,  4th 
Right  Heading,  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  J.  R.  Elsess,  Supt.,  authority  for 
data.” 

For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see  No, 
56  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 

This  mine  was  once  sampled  for  the  State  Survey  by  S. 
D.  Brady,  and  the  proximate  a*  ^ysis  published  on  page  206 
of  Vol.  II,  under  No.  62. 

The  old  O’Neil  No.  2 mine  (No.  57  on  map)  of  the  Fair- 
mont Coal  Co.  located  0.5  mile  due  north  of  Wilsonburg  had 
been  abandoned  in  1910,  but  it  was  once  sampled  for  the  State 
Survey  by  S.  D.  Brady,  and  the  proximate  analysis  as  pub- 
lished on  page  206  of  Vol.  II,  under  No.  63,  is  given  in  the 
table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter,  under  No.  57. 

The  two  mines  in  the  Pittsburgh  coal  of  the  Washington 
Coal  Co.  (No.  58  and  59  on  map),  located  one  mile  northeast 
of  Wilsonburg,  were  shut  down  in  1910  and  for  that  reason 
Mr.  Reger  was  unable  to  collect  samples  from  these  opera- 
tions. 


Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  50  (Perry  No.  1). — No.  60  on  Map. 


Located  1 mile  northwest  of  Adamston;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


1.  Coal,  “head” 0' 

2.  Coal  1 

3.  Bone  0 

4.  Coal  0 

5.  Bone  0 

6.  Coal  4 

7.  Slate  


Feet.  Inches. 

10  " 

1 

oy2 

9 

1 

6 7 3M> 


600 


COAL 


“Principal  office,  Fairmont;  daily  capacity,  500  tons;  16  laborers 
and  33  miners  employed;  electric  haulage;  used  for  steam,  gas  and 
domestic  fuel;  shipped  east  and  west;  butts,  N.  80°  30'  W.;  faces  N. 
9°  30'  E.;  greatest  rise,  west;  sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 
of  section  in  1st  North  Face,  off  4th  Heading,  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  A. 
V.  Morgan,  Supt.,  authority  for  data.  Perry  No.  1 and  Perry  No.  2 
both  use  the  same  tipple  and  have  the  same  Consolidation  number 
(No.  50).” 

For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see  No. 
60  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 

This  mine  was  once  sampled  by  S.  D.  Brady  for  the  State 
Survey,  and  the  proximate  analysis  published  on  page  205 
of  Vol.  II,  under  No.  52. 


Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  50  (Perry  No.  2).-— No.  61  on  Map. 


Located  1 mi  e northwest  of  Adamscon;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


Feet.  Inches. 

1.  Coal,  “head” 0'  6 " 

2.  Coal  0 9 

3.  Bone  0 0% 

4.  Coal  0 4 

5.  Bone  0 0% 

6.  Coal  0 5 

7.  Bone  0 1 

8.  Coal  4 8 6 9y2 

9.  Slate  


“Principal  office,  Fairmont;  daily  capacity,  500  tons;  16  laborers 
and  42  miners  employed;  used  for  steam,  gas  and  domestic  fuel; 
shipped  east  and  west;  butts,  N.  80°  30'  W.;  faces,  N.  9°  30'  E.; 
greatest  rise,  west;  sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section 
in  room  No.  6,  5th  Right,  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  A.  V.  Morgan,  Supt., 
authority  for  data.” 

For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see  No. 
61  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 


Madeira-Hill-Clark  Coal  Co.  No.  1 (Waldo)  Mine. 
No.  62  on  Map. 


Located  1.5  miles  west  of  Adamston; 


1.  Coal,  “head” 0'  9" 

2.  Coal  1 0 

3.  Bone  0 1 

4.  Coal  0 8 

5.  Bone  0 1 

6.  Coal  4 11 

7.  Slate  


Pittsburgh  coal. 

Feet.  Inches. 


6 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


601 


“Tidal  elevation,  1120’,  aneroid;  operated  on  lease;  principal 
office,  Fairmont;  daily  capacity,  450  to  500  tons;  20  laborers  and  50 
miners  employed;  used  for  steam,  gas  and  domestic  fuel;  shipped 
west;  butts,  N.  80°  W. ; faces,  N.  10°  E.;  greatest  rise,  N.  40°  W. ; 
sample  collected  from  head  coal,  No.  1 of  section,  and  the  usual  sam- 
ple from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in  Room  No.  10  off  6th  Right  Entry 
by  Ray  V.  Hennen;  J.  M.  Hicks,  Supt.,  authority  for  data;  head  coal 
left  up  for  protection  of  roof;  when  removed,  overlaying  clay  disin- 
tegrates rapidly.” 

The  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio  of  the  two 
samples — mining  section  and  “head"’  coal — are  given  in  the 
table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter,  under  No.  62, 
the  latter  sample  being  designated  “head”  coal  in  the  table, 
and  there  shown  to  be  unusually  high  in  ash  and  sulphur. 

This  mine  was  once  sampled  by  S.  D.  Brady  for  the  State 
Geological  Survey,  and  the  proximate  analysis  published  on 
page  206  of  Vol.  II,  under  No.  54. 


Madeira-Hill-Clark  Coal  Co.  No.  2 (Goff)  Mine. 
No.  63  on  Map. 

Located  0.8  mile  west  of  Adamston;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


1. 

Coal,  “head” 

0' 

10  " 

Feet.  Inches. 

2. 

Coal  

0 

11 

3. 

Bone  

0 

0% 

4. 

Coal  

0 

7% 

5. 

Bone  

0 

1 

6. 

Coal  

5 

2 

7 8y2 

7. 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  1100',  spirit  level;  operated  on  lease;  principal 
office,  Fairmont;  daily  capacity,  550  tons;  23  laborers  and  62  miners; 
mule  haulage;  used  for  steam,  gas  and  domestic  fuel;  shipped  west; 
butts,  N.  80°  W. ; faces,  N.  10°  E.;  greatest  rise,  northwest;  sample 
col’ected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in  Room  No.  11,  off  4th  Left 
Butt,  by  Ray  V.  Hennen.” 

For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see  No. 
63  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 


Fairmont  & Baltimore  Coal  & Coke  Co.,  Fairmore  Mine 
No.  64  on  Map. 

Located  0.3  mile  southwest  of  Adamston;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


Feet.  Inches. 

1.  Coal,  “head” 1'  0 " 

2.  Coal  0 9 

3.  Bone  0 oy2 

4.  Coal  0 71/2 


COAL 

Feet.  Inches. 

Bone  

0 1 

Coal  

4 10 

7 4 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  1000',  aneroid;  owned  by  Jones  Heirs;  principal 
office,  Baltimore;  daily  capacity,  300  to  350  tons;  20  laborers  and  48 
miners  employed;  rope  haulage;  used  for  steam;  shipped  east  and 
west;  butts,  N.  80°  W. ; faces,  N.  10°;  greatest  rise,  southeast;  sam- 
ple collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in  Room  No.  4,  1st  Right 
Heading,  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  Cleo.  Mark,  foreman,  authority  for  data.” 


For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see  No. 
64  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 

This  mine  was  once  sampled  for  the  State  Survey  by  S. 
D.  Brady,  and  the  proximate  analysis  published  on  page  206 
of  Vol.  II,  under  No.  53. 

The  three  following  mines  are  located  northeast  of  Clarks- 
burg on  the  waters  of  Murphy  run  and  Elk  creek: 


Colsolidation  Coal  Co.,  No.  25  (Pinnickinnick). — No. 
65  on  Map. 


Located  0.5  mile  northeast  of  Clarksburg;  Pittsburgh  coal. 

Feet.  Inches. 

1.  Coal,  “head” 1'  0” 

2.  Coal  2 0 

3.  Bone  0 1 

4.  Coal  1 3 

5.  Bone  0 1 

6.  Coal  3 7 8 0 

7.  Slate  

“Principal  office,  Fairmont;  daily  capacity,  1000  tons;  65  laborers 
and  100  miners  employed;  electric  haulage;  used  for  steam,  gas  and 
domestic  fuel;  shipped  east  and  west;  butts,  N.  80°  W. ; faces,  N.  10° 
E.;  sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in  Room  No.  19, 
1st  Right  off  2nd  North,  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  Thos.  Pollock,  foreman, 
authority  for  data.” 


For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see 
No.  65  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 

This  mine  was  once  sampled  for  the  State  Survey  by  S. 
D.  Brady,  and  the  proximate  analysis  published  on  page  206 
of  Vol.  II,  under  No.  57. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


603 


Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  58  (Despard). — No.  66  on  Map. 

Located  on  Murphy  run,  1 mile  northeast  of  Clarksburg;  Pitts- 


burgh 

1. 

coal. 

Coal,  “head” 

1' 

0 " 

Feet.  Inches. 

2. 

Coal  

1 

10 

3. 

Bone  

0 

oy2 

4. 

Coal  

0 

9 

5. 

Bone  

0 

1 

6. 

Coal  

5 

2 

8 10  % 

7. 

Slate  

“Principal  office,  Fairmont;  daily  capacity,  200  tons;  17  laborers 
and  30  miners;  used  for  steam,  gas  and  domestic  fuel;  shipped  east 
and  west;  butts,  N.  80°  W.;  faces,  N.  10°  E.;  sample  collected  from 
Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in  Room  No.  1,  4th  Right,  by  D.  D.  Teets, 
Jr.;  R.  G.  Brooks,  Asst,  foreman,  authority  for  data.” 

For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see  No. 
66  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 

The  mine  was  once  sampled  by  S.  D.  Brady  for  the  State 
Survey,  and  the  proximate  analysis  published  on  page  206  of 
Vol.  II,  under  No.  58. 


Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  29  (Columbia). — No.  67  on  Map. 

Located  on  Murphy  run,  1 mile  northeast  of  Clarksburg;  Pitts- 


burgh 

coal. 

Feet. 

Inches. 

1. 

Coal,  “head” 

O' 

11  " 

2. 

Coal 

1 

6 

3. 

Bone  

0 

0% 

4. 

Coal  

0 

7 

5. 

Bone  

0 

1 

6. 

Coal  

4 

8 

7 

9% 

7. 

Slate  

“Owned  by  Harry  F.  Blunt  and  M.  M.  Parker;  principal  offices, 
Fairmont;  daily  capacity,  600  tons;  37  laborers  and  50  miners  em- 
ployed; used  for  steam,  gas  and  domestic  fuel;  shipped  east  and 
west;  butts,  N.  80°  W. ; faces  N.  10°  E.;  greatest  rise,  south;  sam- 
ple collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in  Room  No.  11,  9th 
Right  Butt,  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  M.  J.  Rooney,  foreman,  authority  for 
data.” 


For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see  No. 
67  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 
This  mine  was  once  sampled  for  the  State  Survey  by  S. 


604 


COAL 


D.  Brady,  and  the  proximate  analysis  published  on  page  205 
of  Vol.  II,  under  No.  50. 


Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  52  (Ocean). — No.  68  on  Map. 


Located  1.7  miles  west  of  Bridgeport; 


1.  Draw  slate 

2.  Coal,  “head” 1'  8 

3.  Coal  0 3 

4.  Bone  0 1 

5.  Coal  0 3 

6.  Bone  0 lt4 

7.  Coal  0 6 

8.  Bone  • 0 1% 

9.  Coal  4 9 

10.  Slate  


Pittsburgh 

Feet. 


7 


coal. 

Inches 


8% 


“Tidal  elevation,  1143.6',  spirit  level-;  owned  by  Bridgeport  Gas 
Co.;  principal  office,  Fairmont;  daily  capacity,  350  tons;  20  laborers 
and  60  miners  employed;  rope  haulage;  butts,  N.  75°  W.;  faces,  N. 
15°  E.;  greatest  rise,  southeast;  sample  collected  from  Nos.  3,  5,  7 
and  9 of  section  in  No.  2 Butt,  on  First  Face  heading,  by  D.  B.  Reger; 
D.  A.  Reed,  Supt.;  F.  H.  Brooks,  foreman,  authority  for  data.” 


For  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see  No. 
68  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 

This  mine  was  once  sampled  by  S.  D.  Brady  for  the  State 
Geological  Survey,  and  the  proximate  analysis  published  on 
page  205  of  Vol.  II,  under  No.  51. 

A car  load  of  coal  from  this  mine  was  shipped  to  the 
Fuel  Testing  Plant  of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  at  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  The  results  of  the  tests  of  this  coal,  as  published 
on  pages  206-208  of  Bulletin  No.  290  and  pages  38-39  of  Bul- 
letin No.  325  of  the  U.  S.  G.  Survey,  are  as  follows: 

“West  Virginia  No.  15. — Bituminous  coal  from  Ocean  mine,  Fair- 
mont Coal  Company*,  3 miles  east  of  Clarksburg,  Harrison  County, 
W.  Va.,  on  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad. 

“This  sample  consisted  of  run-of-mine  coal  and  was  loaded  under 
the  supervision  of  Inspector  J.  S.  Burrows.  It  was  used  in  making 
coking  tests  Nos.  36  and  43  and  steaming  tests  Nos.  214,  215  and  216. 

Two  mine  samples  were  taken  for  chemical  analysis.  No.  2039 
was  cut  from  the  second  butt  entry  off  the  third  face  entry,  2,750  feet 
northwest  of  the  drift  mouth.  No.  2040  was  cut  in  room  7 off  the 
third  butt  entry,  2,025  feet  northeast  of  the  drift  mouth. 


*Now  Consolidation  Coal  Co.  and  mine  No.  68  on  Map. — R.  V.  H. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


605 


Chemical  Analyses. 


| Car 

Mine  samples  I sample 


Laboratory  number 

2039 

1.50 

2.80 

38.51 

53.14 

5.55 

2.40 

2040  | 2195 

1.90  | 0.90 

3.27  | 2.01 

37.72  | 37.31 
53.27  | 52.13 
5.74  8.55 

2.41  | 2.54 

| 5.08 

Air-drying  loss. 

-2  [ Moisture  

.9  Vo’atile  Matter 

(0  [ Fixed  Carbon 

j Ash  

( Sulphur  

f Hydrogen  

| j Carbon  

| 75.83 

is  ] Nitrogen  

1 1.43 

| Oxygen  

| 6.57 

Calorific  value  determined 

Calories  

7,836 

14,105 

| 7,673 

British  thermal  units 

13,811 

Steaming  Tests. 

“Test  214,  West  Virginia  No.  15. — Size  as  shipped,  run  of  mine. 
Size  as  used,  over  1 inch,  33.1  per  cent;  y2  inch  to  1 inch,  24.4  per 
cent;  ^4  inch  to  y2  inch,  15  per  cent;  under  *4  inch,  27.5  per  cent. 
Duration  of  test,  8.78  hours.  Kind  of  grate,  rocking. 

“Test  215,  West  Virginia  No.  15. — Size  as  shipped,  run  of  mine. 
Size  as  used,  over  1 inch,  32.6  per  cent;  y2  inch  to  1 inch,  24.2  per 
cent;  % inch  to  y2  inch,  15.8  per  cent;  under  *4  inch,  27.4  per  cent. 
Duration  of  test,  9.75  hours.  Kind  of  grate,  plain. 

“Test  216,  West  Virginia  No.  15. — Size  as  shipped,  run  of  mine. 
Size  as  used,  over  1 inch,  43.5  per  cent;  y2  inch  to  1 inch,  20.3  per 
cent;  y2  inch  to  *4  inch,  14.5  per  cent;  under  *4  inch,  21.7  per  cent. 
Duration  of  test,  5.80  hours.  Kind  of  grate,  plain. 

Miscellaneous  Items. 


I Test 

Test 

| Test 

1 

214 

215  | 

| 216 

Heating  value  of  coal — B.  T. 

coal  

Force  of  draft: 

U. 

per  pound  dry| 

I 

14,126 

! 

14,202 

| 

1 

14,197 

I 

Under  stack  damner 

0.53 

0.40 

| 0.41 

Above  fire  

.22 

.12 

| a.04 

Furnace  temperature 

2,247 

2,269 

2,365 

Dry  coal  used  per  square  foot  of  grate  surface! 

per  hour 

16.32 

16.77 

21.28 

Equivalent  water  evaporated 

per 

square  foot  of 

water-heating  surface  per  hour 
Percentage  of  rated  horsepower 

pounds 

of  boiler  de-| 

1 

2.68 

3.01 

3.67 

veloped  

75.2 

84.4 

103.0 

Water  apparently  evaporated 

per  pound  of  coall 

as  fired 

pounds| 

7.65 

7.44 

7.14 

1 

1 

to  1-3 
w 

Test  | 
215  | 

Test 

216 

Water  evaporated  from  and  at  212  F.: 

1 

' I 

Per  pound  of  coal  as  fired  

9.00 1 

8.77 

8.41 

Per  pound  of  dry  coal 

9.18| 

8.99 1 

8.65 

Per  pound  of  combustible 

. . .pounds 

10.92J 

10.04  j 

9.63 

Efficiency  of  boiler,  including  grate. . . . 

.per  cent 

62.76| 

61.13| 

58.84 

Coal  as  fired: 

| 

| 

Per  indicated  horsepower  hour 

. . .pounds| 

3.14 

3.22 1 

3.36 

Per  electrical  horsepower  hour 

3.88| 

3.98  j 

4.15 

Dry  coal: 

1 

Per  indicated  horsepower  hour 

. . .pounds| 

3.08 1 

3.15 1 

3.27 

Per  e’ectrical  horsepower  hour 

3.80 1 

3.88 

4.04 

Analyses. 


| Test  Test  Test 
| 214  | 215  | 216 

I 

I 

| Test 
1 214  | 

Test  | 
215  | 

Test 

216 

Proximate. 

1 1 1 

Ultimate. 

| | 

| 

Moisture  

. 1.90 1 2.47 1 2.73 

|Carbona  . . . . 

. .)  77.45) 

77.93) 

77.90 

Volatile  Matter 

.j  38.18)  38.38)  38.43 

Hydrogen3  ... 

..)  4.97 1 

5.00) 

5.00 

Fixed  Carbon... 

.)  51.90)  51.48|  51.11 

Oxygen3  . . . . 

••)  4-87| 

4.90 1 

4.89 

Ash  

.)  8.02)  7.67|  7.73 

|Nitrogena  ... 

..|  1.46) 

1.47) 

1.47 

o 

o 

© 

o 

I— 1 

o 

o 

© 

o 

r— 1 

©" 

© 

o’ 
o 
1— 1 

Sulphur  

..)  3.07) 

2.84) 

2.79 

Su’phur  

.|  3.01)  2.77 1 2.71||Ash  

..)  8.18) 

7.86) 

7.95 

1 1 1 

|100.00|100.00|100.00 

'Figured  from  car  sample. 


Coking  Tests. 


“Test  36,  West  Virginia  No.  15. — Size  as  shipped,  run  of  mine. 


Size  as  used,  finely  crushed.  Raw.  Duration  of  test,  46 

hours. 

Coal  charged 

.10,000 

Coke  produced 

. 6,867 

Breeze  produced 

. 267 

Coke  produced 

. 68.67 

Breeze  produced 

. 2.76 

Total  percentage  yield . . 

. 71.43 

“Remarks. — Light  gray  and 

silvery.  Good,  heavy  coke.  High 

yield  due  to  deposited  carbon.  Sulphur  high. 

“Test  43,  West  Virginia  No. 

15. — Size  as  shipped,  run  of  mine. 

Size  as  used,  finely  crushed.  Raw.  Duration 

of  test,  73  hours. 

Coal  charged 

12,000 

Coke  produced 

8,404 

Breeze  producer 

269 

Coke  produced 

70.03 

Breeze  produced 

.per  cent. . 

2.24 

Total  percentage  yield... 

72.27 

“Remarks. — Fine  heavy  coke. 

Silvery  color.  Breakage  practically 

perfect;  large  pieces.  Sulphur 

high.  High 

yield  due  to 

deposited 

carbon. 


Forced  draft. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


607 


Analyses. 


Test  36. 

j Coal.  | Coke,  j 

Test  43. 
Coal.  | Coke. 

Moisture  

| 1.79 

| 0.45  | 

2.33 

| 0.26 

Volatile  Matter... 

| 37.90 

.78  | 

38.33 

1.89 

Fixed  Carbon 

. . .w | 53.00  | 

88.70  i 

51.72 

87.30 

Ash  

.1  7.31 

1 10.07  i 

7.62 

10.55 

Sulphur  

| 2.73  | 

1 1 

[ 2.09  | 

2.72 

2.26 

“Virginia  No.  4,  West  Virginia  Nos.  14*  and  15,  and  most  of  tne 
Kansas  coals  clinker  badly  because  the  ash  is  low  in  proportion  to 
the  sulphur  content — 0.3  to  6 per  cent  of  sulphur  and  3.5  to  10  per 
cent  of  ash.  When  such  coals  are  burned  on  a plain  or  a rocking 
grate,  trouble  with  clinkers  may  generally  be  prevented  by  blowing 
steam  under  the  grate.  The  usually  assigned  cause  of  this  effect  is 
that  as  the  steam  passes  through  the  hot  clinkers  it  is  decomposed 
into  hydrogen  and  oxygen.  This  decomposition  is  a cooling  process 
and  the  heat  needed  to  effect  it  is  taken  from  the  grate  and  the  hot 
clinker,  thus  keeping  the  latter  cool  and  preventing  the  fusing  of  the 
clinker  into  the  grate. 

“The  use  of  steam  to  prevent  the  clinkers  from  melting  into  the 
grate  was  found  to  work  satisfactcrily  with  all  the  coals  high  in  sulphur 
and  ash.  However,  for  coals  very  low  in  ash  this  method  sometimes 
proved  to  be  insufficient.  In  such  cases  crushed  limestone  spread 
over  the  thin,  clean  fire  bed  immediately  on  starting  the  test,  pre- 
vented the  clinkers  from  adhering  to  the  grate,  and  was  used  for  the 
second  tests  on  West  Virginia  No.  14  and  Virginia  No.  4 coals.  The 
cleaning  of  the  fires  after  the  first  tests  on  these  coals,  when  lime- 
stone was  not  used,  took  forty-five  and  thirty  minutes,  respectively. 
On  the  second  tests,  when  limestone  was  used,  the  cleaning  took 
eight  and  ten  minutes,  respectively. 

“To  make  a general  statement,  it  may  be  loosely  said  that  the 
tendency  of  a coal  to  clinker  varies  directly  with  the  sulphur  (iron 
pyrites)  and  inversely  with  the  ash  in  the  coal.” 


Central  Fairmont  Coal  Co.,  Snake  Hill  Mine. — No.  69  on  Map. 

Located  1 mile  southeast  of  Clarksburg;  Pittsburgh  coal. 

Feet.  Inches. 

1.  Slate  

2.  Coal,  “head” V 2 " 

3.  Coal  2 6 

4.  Bone  0 1 % 

5.  Coal  4 11  8 8% 

6.  Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  1075',  aneroid;  owned  by  Hornor  Davis;  princi- 
pal office,  Clarksburg;  daily  capacity,  300  tons;  11  laborers  and  45 
miners  employed;  mule  haulage;  used  for  steam  and  domestic  fuel; 
shipped  east  and  west;  butts,  N.  77°  W. ; faces,  N.  13°  E.;  greatest 
rise,  southeast;  recovery,  95  per  cent;  sample  collected  from  Nos.  3 
and  5 in  Second  Parallel  by  D.  B.  Reger;  D.  M.  Harr,  foreman,  au- 
thority for  data.” 


♦Sample  from  Eagle  coal  of  Page  No.  1 of  Loup  Creek  Colliery 
Co.,  Fayette  Co.,  W.  Va— R.  V.  H. 


608 


COAL 


For  composition,  calorific  value  and  l'uei  ratio,  see  No.  69 
in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 


Vincent  Coal  Co.,  Graselli  Mine. — No.  70  on  Map. 


Located  on  Moore  run,  1.3  miles  southeast  of  Clarksburg;  Pitts- 


burgh  coal. 

1. 

Slate  

Feet.  Inches. 

2. 

Coal,  “head” 

1' 

9 " 

3. 

Slate  

0 

oy4 

4. 

Coal  

0 

10 

5. 

Bone  

0 

6. 

Coal  

0 

8 

7. 

Bone  

0 

1 

8. 

Coal  

3 

5 

9. 

Slate  

0 

0% 

10. 

Coal  

1 

6 

....  8 414 

11. 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  1155',  aneroid;  owned  by  Kingwood  Coal  Co.; 
principal  office,  Clarksburg;  daily  capacity,  300  to  350  tons;  20 
laborers  and  40  miners  employed;  mule  haulage;  used  for  steam  fuel 
and  cement  burning;  shipped  east;  butts,  N.  80°  W.;  faces,  N.  10°  E.; 
greatest  rise,  northeast;  sample  collected  from  Nos.  4,  5,  6,  8 and  10 
in  3id  Left  Heading  by  D.  B.  Reger;  Vincent  E.  Gocke,  Supt. ; August 
Ricker,  foreman,  authority  for  data.” 

For  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see  No.  70 
in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 


Barnard  Coal  Co.,  Barnard  Mine. — No.  71  on  Map. 


Located  on  Moore  run,  0.7  mile  northwest  of  Graselli;  Pittsburgh 
coal. 


Feet.  Inches. 


1.  Coal,  thickness  concealed 

2.  Coal  5 0 

3.  Fire  clay 5 0 


“Tidal  elevation,  1160',  aneroid;  owned  by  Wm.  Burk;  principal 
office,  Clarksburg;  1 laborer  and  2 miners  employed;  butts  N.  80°  W. ; 
faces,  N.  10°  E.;  greatest  rise,  southeast;  sample  collected  from  No. 
2 of  section  by  Ray  V.  Hennen.  Just  started  to  drive  the  heading  and 
are  in  100'  (Oct.  18,  1910).” 


For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see 
No.  71  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 


PLATE  XX— Steel  Tipple  at  the  Owings  (No.  32)  Mine  of  the  Con- 
solidation Coal  Co.  2.5  miles  S.  E.  of  Shinnston — No.  25  on 
Map — Also  Topography  of  the  Monongahela  series. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


609 


Harry  B.  Coal  & Coke  Co.,  Pitcairn  Mine. — No.  72  on  Map. 


Located  on  Arnold  run,  0.8  mile  south  of  Clarksburg;  Pittsburgh 


coal. 


1.  Coal,  “head” 1'  0 

2.  Coal  0 8 

3.  Bone  0 0% 

4.  Coal  0 4 

5.  Bone  0 1 

6.  Coal  0 8 

7.  Bone  0 0^4 

8.  Coal  5 5 

9.  Slate  


Feet.  Inches. 


8 2i/2 


“Tidal  elevation,  1085',  aneroid;  owned  by  Pitcairn  Coal  Co.; 
principal  office,  Fairmont;  daily  capacity,  1000  tons;  24  laborers  and 
92  miners  employed;  used  for  steam,  gas  and  domestic  fuel;  shipped 
east  and  west;  butts,  N.  80°  W.;  faces,  N.  10°  E.;  sample  collected 
from  Nos.  2,  4,  6 and  8 of  section  in  Room  No.  4 off  2nd  Left  off  Main 
Headng,  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  W.  N.  Russell,  foreman,  authority  for 
data.” 


For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see 
No.  72  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 

A car  load  of  coal  was  shipped  from  this  mine  to  the 
Fuel  Testing  Plant  of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  at  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  for  testing  purposes,  and  the  results  obtained 
therefrom  as  published  on  pages  71,  82  and  127,  respectively, 
of  Bulletin  No.  261  of  the  U.  S.  G.  Survey,  are  as  follows : 


“ West  Virginia  No.  2. — Run-of-mine  coal  from  Pitcairn  mine,  Pic- 
cairn  Coal  Company,  Clarksburg,  W.  Va. 

“Two  coking  tests  were  made  on  this  sample,  one  of  raw  coal 
and  one  of  washed  coal.  This  affords  an  additional  means  of  judging 
the  effectiveness  of  washing,  for  the  coke  shows  improvement  in  the 
second  (washed  coal)  test,  which  can  be  accounted  for  only  by  better 
quality  of  coal.  The  following  table  shows  the  results: 


Analyses  Showing  the  Effect  of  Washing  West  Virginia  No.  2 Coal. 


Coal.  | 

Coke. 

r 

| 

From  | 

From 

I | 

raw  j 

washed 

Raw 

Washed. | 

coal.  | 

coal. 

Ash  

8.22 

| 7.05  | 

14.95  ; 

11.40 

Sulphur  

3.38 

| 2.84  | 

3.40  | 

2.24 

610 


COAL 


Result  of  Coal  Tests  Under  Boilers. 

West  Virginia  No.  2 Coal. — Condicion  of  sample,  mine  run,  bright; 
chemical  analysis: 

Moisture  2.01  per  cent. 

Volatile  Matter 39.23  per1  cent. 

Fixed  Carbon 48.80  per  cent. 

Ash  9.96  per  cent. 


100.00  per  cent. 

Sulphur  (separately  determined) 2.71  per  cent. 


Duration  of  trial 10.22  hrs. 

Total  coal  consumed 8354  lbs. 

Horse  power  developed  by  boiler 212.2 

Dry  coal  burned  per  sq.  ft.  of  grate  surface  per  hour 19.75  lbs. 

Equivalent  evaporation  from  and  at  212°  F.  per  pound  of 

dry  coal 9.14  lbs. 

Dry  coal  per  indicated  horse  power  hour 3.09  lbs. 

Dry  coal  per  electrical  horse  power  hour 3.82  lbs. 


For  other  data  as  to  tests  of  Pittsburgh  coal  from  this 
mine,  the  reader  is  referred  to  Professional  Paper  No.  48  of 
the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey. 

Coking  Test. 

“West  Virginia  No.  2. — Run-of-mine  coal  from  Pitcairn  mine  of 
Pitcairn  Coal  Company,  Clarksburg,  W.  Va. 

“Two  tests  were  made  of  this  coal,  unwashed  and  washed.  The 
first  charge  was  9,000  pounds  of  .unwashed  coal,  producing  5,235 
pounds  of  gray  coke,  somewhat  brittle  and  high  in  sulphur  and  ash. 
The  washed  coal,  of  which  13,000  pounds  was  charged,  showed  an 
improvement  in  the  coke,  though  the  sulphur  was  still  too  high  for 
blast  furnace  use.  The  yield  from  the  second  charge  was  7,808 
pounds,  or  60  per  cent,  as  compared  with  58.2  per  cent  from  the  un- 
washed coal.” 

The  old  Dixie  mine  (No.  73  on  map)  of  the  Consolidation 
Coal  Co.,  located  on  Arnold  run,  1.3  miles  southwest  of 
Clarksburg,  had  been  abandoned  in  1910,  but  it  was  once  sam- 
pled for  the  State  Geological  Survey  by  S.  D.  Drady,  and  the 
proximate  analysis,  as  published  on  page  206  of  Vol.  II,  un- 
der No.  66,  is  given  under  No.  73  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses 
at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 


Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  46  (Lynch). — No.  74  on  Map. 

Located  2.5  miles  south  of  Clarksburg,  near  mouth  of  Brown’s 
run;  Pittsburgh  coal. 

Feet.  Inches. 

1.  Coal,  “head”,  thickness  concealed 


2.  Coal  0'  6 

3.  Bone  0 1 

4.  Coal  0 6 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


611 


5. 

Bone  

0 

i y2 

Feet. 

Inchei 

6. 

Coal  

5 

4 

6 

ev2 

7.  Slate 


“Tidal  elevation,  1105',  aneroid;  owned  by  Chas.  P.  Lynch;  princi- 
pal office,  Fairmont;  daily  capacity,  30  tons;  3 laborers  and  6 miners 
employed;  mule  haulage;  used  for  steam,  gas  and  domestic  fuel; 
shipped  east  and  west;  sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  sec- 
tion in  chain  pillar  between  No.  1 and  No.  2,  3rd  Left,  by  D.  D.  Teets, 
Jr.;  U.  A.  Armour,  foreman,  authority  for  data.” 

For  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see  No.  74 
in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 

This  mine  was  once  sampled  for  the  State  Geological 
Survey  by  S.  D.  Brady,  and  the  approximate  analysis  pub- 
lished on  page  206  of  Vol.  II,  under  No.  67. 


Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  39  (Two  Lick). — No.  75  on  Map. 

Located  0.8  mile  due  east  of  Lynch  Mines;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


Feet.  Inches. 

1.  Coal,  “head” 0'  8 " 

2.  Coal  0 4 

3.  Bone  0 0% 

4.  Coal  0 3 

5*.  Bone  0 1 

6.  Coal  0 5 

7.  Bone  0 1 

8.  Coal  4 4 6 2% 

9.  Slate  


“Tidal  elevation,  1130',  aneroid;  principal  office,  Fairmont;  daily 
capacity,  300  tons;  17  laborers  and  25  miners  employed;  used  for 
steam,  gas  and  domestic  fuel;  shipped  east  and  west;  butts,  N.  80° 
W. ; faces,  N.  10°  E.;  greatest  rise,  southwest;  sample  collected  from 
Nos.  2,  4,  6 and  8 of  section  in  2nd  Right,  2nd  North  Face,  by  D.  D. 
Teets,  Jr.;  I.  L.  Martin,  assistant  foreman,  authority  for  data.” 

For  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see  No. 
75  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 

This  mine  was  once  sampled  by  S.  D.  Brady  for  the  State 
Geological  Survey,  and  the  approximate  analysis  published  on 
page  206  of  Vol.  II,  under  No.  67. 


Marshall  Coal  Co.,  Marshall  Mine. — No.  76  on  Map. 

Located  1 mile  northwest  of  Byron;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


Feet.  Inches. 

1.  Coal,  “head” 1'  3" 

2.  Coal  1 2 


612 


COAL 


Feet.  Inches. 


0 

Bone  

0 

2 

4. 

Coal  

1 

4 

5. 

Bone  

0 

5 

6. 

Coal  

3 

2 

7. 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  1135',  aneroid;  principal  office,  Philadelphia, 
Pa.;  daily  capacity,  600  tons;  30  laborers  and  60  to  75  miners  em- 
ployed; rope  haulage;  used  for  steam,  gas  and  domestic  fuel;  shipped 
east  and  west;  butts,  N.  78°  W. ; faces,  N.  12°  E.;  greatest  rise,  west; 
sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 at  pillar  between  main  heading 
and  empty  roadway,  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  S.  R.  Williams,  Supt.,  author- 
ity for  data.” 


For  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see  No. 
76  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 


Byron  Coal  Co.,  Althea  Mine. — No.  77  on  Map. 


Located  % mile  northwest  of  Byron;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


Feet. 

Inches. 

1. 

Coal,  “head” 

1' 

1" 

2. 

Coal  

1 

1 

3. 

Bone  

0 

1 

4. 

Coal  

0 

9 

5. 

Bone  

0 

1 

6. 

Coal  

4 

11  

8 

0 

7. 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  1140',  aneroid;  owned  by  J.  B.  Smith;  principal 
office,  Clarksburg;  daily  capacity,  300  tons;  11  laborers  and  32  miners 
employed;  rope  and  mule  haulage;  used  for  steam  and  domestic  fuel; 
shipped  east  and  west;  butts,  N.  83°  W.;  faces,  N.  7°  E.;  greatest 
rise,  all  directions;  sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section 
in  Room  No.  1,  1st  Left  Butt  heading  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  I.  Keith, 
Supt.,  authority  for  data.” 

For  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see  No. 
77  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 

Consolidation  Coal  Company  No.  60  (West  Fork.) — No. 

78  on  Map. 

Located  % mile  northwest  of  Byron;  Pittsburgh  coal. 

Feet.  Inches. 


1. 

Coal,  “head”, 

thickness  concealed.. 

2. 

Coal  

0' 

2 " 

3. 

Bone  

0 

0 % 

4. 

Coal  

1 

0 

5. 

Bone  

0 

oy2 

6. 

Coal  

0 

4 

7. 

Bone  

0 

0% 

8. 

Coal  

4 

9 

6 


4 y2 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


613 


“Tidal  elevation,  1104',  spirit  level;  owned  by  Mt.  Clare  Coal 
Co.;  principal  office,  Fairmont;  daily  capacity,  150  tons;  6 laborers 
and  10  miners  employed;  mule  haulage;  used  for  steam  fuel  on  B. 
& O.  R.  R.,  local  delivery;  butts,  east;  faces,  north;  greatest  rise, 
north;  sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  3,  4,  5,  6 and  8 of  section  in 
Straight  Heading  by  D.  B.  Reger;  Lovell  Childs,  Supt.;  J.  M.  Metheny, 
foreman,  authority  for  data.’’ 

For  the  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see 
No.  78  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 


Daniel  Coal  Co.,  Gocke  Mine. — No.  79  on  Map. 


Located  % mile  due  north  of  Byron; 


1.  Coal,  “head” O'  6 

2.  Coal  0 6 

3.  Bone  0 1 

4.  Coal  0 10 

5.  Bone  0 0% 

6.  Coal  5 0 

7.  Slate  


Pittsburgh  coal. 

Feet.  Inches. 


6 11% 


“Tidal  elevation,  1105',  aneroid;  owned  by  Stout  and  Reynolds; 
principal  office,  Clarksburg;  daily  capacity,  150  to  200  tons;  6 laborers 
and  23  miners  employed;  mule  haulage;  used  for  steam;  shipped  east 
and  west;  butts,  N.  80°  W. ; faces,  N.  10°  E.;  greatest  rise,  south- 
west; sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  by  D.  D.  Teets, 
Jr.;  H.  S.  Huber,  Supt.,  authority  for  data.” 


For  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see  No.  79 
in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 


Hutchinson  Coal  Co.,  Byron  Mine. — No.  80  on  Map. 

Located  0.6  mile  southwest  of  Byron;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


1. 

Coal,  “head” 

0' 

10" 

Feet.  Inches. 

2. 

Coal  

0 

6 

3. 

Bone  

0 

1 

4. 

Coal  

0 

8 

5. 

Bone  

0 

1 

6. 

Coal  

5 

0 

7 2 

7. 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  1125',  aneroid;  principal  office,  Fairmont;  daily 
capacity,  1000  tons;  35  laborers  and  50  miners  employed;  electric 
haulage;  used  for  steam,  gas  and  domestic  fuel;  shipped  east  and 
west;  butts,  N.  80°  W.;  faces,  N.  10°  E. ; sample  collected  Oct.  31, 
1910,  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in  3rd  West  Heading  by  D.  D. 
Teets,  Jr.;  mine  superintendent  is  authority  for  data.” 


614 


COAL 


For  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see  No.  80 
in  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 


Consolidation  Coal  Co.,  No.  44.  (Interstate  No.  1). — No. 
81  on  Map. 


Located  0.3  mile  southeast  of  Byron;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


1.  Coal,  “head” V 

2.  Coal  1 

3.  Bone  0 

4.  Coal  0 

5.  Bone  0 

6.  Coal  5 

7.  Slate  


Feet.  Inches. 

2 " 

9V2 

1 

3 

0% 

1 % 8 53,4 


“Tidal  elevation,  1170',  spirit  level;  principal  office,  Fairmont; 
daily  capacity,  50  tons;  2 laborers  and  5 miners  employed;  mule 
haulage;  used  for  steam,  gas  and  domestic  fuel;  shipped  east  and 
west;  butts,  N.  80°  W.;  faces,  N.  10°  E.;  greatest  rise,  southeast; 
sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in  Face  Heading  by 
D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  Guy  Russell,  foreman,  authority  for  data.” 


For  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see  No.  81 
in  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 

This  mine  was  once  sampled  for  the  State  Geological  Sur- 
vey by  S.  D.  Brady,  and  the  proximate  analysis  published  on 
page  206  of  Vol.  II,  under  No.  72. 


Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  64  (Interstate  No.  2). — No. 

82  on  Map. 

Located  1 mile  southwest  of  Byron;  Pittsburgh  coal. 


1. 

Coal,  “head” 

0' 

10" 

Feet.  Inches. 

2. 

Coal  

1 

0 

3. 

Bone  

0 

1 

4. 

Coal  

0 

9 

5. 

Bone  

0 

1 

6. 

Coal  

4 

9 

7 6 

7. 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  1150',  aneroid;  principal  office,  Fairmont;  daily 
capacity,  300  tons;  15  laborers  and  25  miners  employed;  mule  haul- 
age; used  for  steam,  gas  and  domestic  fuel;  shipped  east  and  west; 
butts,  N.  80°  W.;  faces,  N.  10°  E.;  greatest  rise,  southeast;  sample 
collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of  section  in  Room  No.  12,  2nd  Lefc, 
off  No.  2 South  Face  by  D.  D.  Teets,  Jr.;  J.  L.  Thomas,  foreman,  au- 
thority for  data.” 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


615 


For  composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio,  see  No.  82 
in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 

This  mine  was  once  sampled  by  S.  D.  Brady  for  the  State 
Geol.  Survey,  and  the  proximate  analysis  published  on  page 
206  of  Vol.  II,  under  No.  71. 


Clarksburg  Gas  Coal  Co.,  McWhorter  Mine. — No.  84  on  Map. 

Located  % mile  northwest  of  McWhorter;  Pittsburgh  coal. 

Feet.  Inches. 


1. 

Coal,  “head” 

O' 

2 1 

2. 

Coal  

1 

3 

3. 

Bone  

0 

oy8 

4. 

Coal  

0 

7 

5. 

Bone  

0 

oy2 

6. 

Coal  

1 

9y2 

7. 

Slate  

“Tidal  elevation,  1350',  aneroid;  owned  by  McWhorter  and  Mc- 
Intyre; principal  office,  Uniontown,  Pa.;  daily  capacity,  500  tons;  15 
laborers  and  75  miners  employed;  electric  haulage;  used  for  steam, 
gas  and  domestic  fuel;  shipped  east;  butts,  N.  80°  W.;  faces,  N.  10° 
E.;  greatest  rise,  northeast;  sample  collected  from  Nos.  2,  4 and  6 of 
section  in  main  heading  about  75'  from  outcrop  (in  water),  by  D.  D. 
Teets,  Jr.;  Geo.  S.  Price,  Supt.,  authority  for  data. 

For  the  composition,  calorific  value  ?nd  fuel  ratio,  see  No. 
84  in  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter.  The 
section  shows  that  a marked  thinning  has  taken  place  in  the 
Pittsburgh  coal  along  the  southern  border  of  Harrison  county. 
The  sample  was  collected  in  water,  according  to  Mr.  Teets; 
hence,  the  high  percentage  of  moisture  reported  in  the  analy- 
sis of  the  sample  “as  received,”  and  the  corresponding  low 
calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio.  The  “air  dried”  result  exhibits 
a better  rating  of  the  coal. 

The  average  analysis,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio  of 

Pittsburgh  coal  from  66  mines  in  Harrison  county  are  given 
in  the  table  at  the  end  of  this  chapter.  A detailed  study  of 
this  table  will  show  that  there  is  little  variation,  with  one  or 
two  exceptions,  from  this  average  by  the  individual  mines. 

On  pages  646-659  of  Vol.  11(A)  of  the  State  Geological 
reports,  Mr.  Frank  Haas,  formerly  Chief  Chemist,  but  now 
Consulting  Engineer  of  the  Consolidation  Coal  Company, 
gives  a very  interesting  and  valuable  paper  on  the  chemistry. 


616 


COAL 


quality  and  character  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  bed  in  Marion 
and  Harrison  counties,  to  which  the  reader  is  referred  for 
comparative  results. 

Quantity  of  Pittsburgh  Coal  Available. 

It  is  an  easier  matter  to  make  an  approximation  of  the 
available  tonnage  of  Pittsburgh  coal  in  Doddridge  and  Harri- 
son counties  than  of  any  other  bed  in  the  area,  as  it  is  nearly 
always  noted  when  present  in  the  logs  of  the  many  oil  and 
gas  wells  drilled  therein,  owing  to  its  value  as  a “key  rock” 
in  determining  depths  to  the  several  sands. 

A description  of  the  probable  workable  area  of  the  Pitts- 
burgh coal  is  given  on  pages  216  and  573,  under  the  discussion 
of  its  stratigraphy  and  structure.  Its  crop  in  Harrison  county 
is  designated  by  an  appropriate  symbol  on  the  economic  geol- 
ogy map  accompanying  this  report.  The  map  also  shows  the 
approximate  western  boundary  line  where  the  Pittsburgh  coal 
bed  of  commercial  thickness  and  purity  disappears  in  Dod- 
dridge county.  The  commercial  area  of  the  coal  as  thereon 
outlined  has  been  determined  by  magisterial  districts  with  a 
planimeter  by  Mr.  Reger,  the  results  of  which  are  given  in 
square  miles  in  the  table  below.  From  a study  of  the  sev- 
eral sections  of  this  coal  as  exhibited  in  the  foregoing  com- 
mercial mines  in  Harrison,  and  the  records  of  borings  given 
in  the  table  of  wells  for  each  county,  the  writer,  in  estimating 
the  approximate  available  tonnage,  feels  safe  in  assuming  a 
thickness  of  6 feet  spread  out  over  the  areas  designated  in  the 
following  table.  Figuring  on  the  basis  of  25  cubic  feet  to  the 
short  ton  as  with  the  Washington  bed,  page  567,  the  follow- 
ing results  are  obtained: 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


617 

Table  Showing  Approximate  Available  Pittsburgh  Coal. 


Counties 

Sq. 

Cubic  Feet 

| Short  Tons 

By  Districts. 

Miles. j Acres. 

of  Coal. 

| of  Coal. 

Doddridge 

| 

i 

McClellan  

30.8 

| 19,712 

5,151,928,320 

| 206,077,133 

Grant  

18.5 

| 11,840 

3,094,502,400 

| 123,780,096 

Cove  

2.9 

| 1,856 

485,084,160 

| 19,403,366 

New  Milton 

7.0 

| 4,480 

1,170,892,800 

| 46,835,712 

Greenbrier  

32.2 

| 20,608  | 

| | 

| 5,386,106,880 

j 215,444,275 

1 

Totals 

91.4 

1 

| 58,496 

| 15,288,514,560 

1 

| 611,540,582 

Harrison : 

| 

| 

Sardis  

46.0 

| 29,440 

| 7,694,438,400 

j 307,777,536 

Ten  Mile 

50.6 

| 32,384 

| 8,463,882,240 

| 338,555,290 

Union  

37.8 

| 24,192 

j 6,322,821,120 

| 252,912,845 

Eagle  

36.5 

| 23,360 

| 6,105,369,600 

| 244,214,784 

Clay  

27.3 

| 17,472 

I 4,566,481,920 

| 182,659,277 

Coal  

14.0 

1 8,960  1 2,341,785,600 

1 93,671,424 

Clark  

8.7 

| 5,568  | 

1,455,252,480  1 58,210,099 

Simpson  

10.4 

| 6,656 

| 1,739,612,160 

| 69,584,486 

Grant  

10.3 

| 6,592  | 

1,722,885,120 

68,915,405 

Elk  

7.6- 

| 4,864 

i'  | 

1,271,255,040 

50,850,202 

1 

Total 

249.2 

J159,488 

| 41,683,783,680 

1667,351,348 

Total  for  both  counties.... 

340.6 

|217,984  | 

56,972,298,240 

|2278,891,930 

Of  course,  from  the  above  estimate  there  would  have 
to  be  subtracted  30  to  35  million  tons,  representing  coal  that 
has  already  been  mined  from  this  bed  in  Harrison,  so  that  the 
total  of  Pittsburgh  coal  for  the  area  would  be  reduced  to 

2,243,000,000  short  tons. 

COALS  OF  THE  CONEMAUGH  SERIES. 

The  Harlem  Coal. 

The  Harlem  coal  appears  to  be  the  only  bed  of  the  Cone- 
maugh  series  that  attains  sufficient  thickness,  purity  and  reg- 
ularity in  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  to  be  considered  an 
economic  resource.  A full  description  of  its  chemical  com- 
position, calorific  value,  fuel  ratio  and  distribution  in  the  two 
counties  is  given  on  pages  256-261.  Thereon  it  is  shown 
that  this  coal  attains  a thickness  of  10  to  30  inches  in  eastern 
Harrison,  but  appears  to  be  absent  in  the  western  portion 
of  the  latter  area,  and  in  the  whole  of  Doddridge.  Where  it 


618 


COAL 


crops  to  the  surface  along  the  crest  .of  the  Chestnut  Ridge 
anticline  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  former  county,  it  has  "been 
mined  by  farmers  for  local  domestic  fuel,  of  which  it  fur- 
nishes a fair  grade. 

Quantity  of  Harlem  Coal  Available. 

As  near  as  can  be  ascertained  from  well  records  and 
exposures  at  crop,  the  Harlem  coal  is  of  minable  thickness 
(15  to  30  inches)  in  that  portion  of  Harrison  county  south- 
east of  the  straight  line  joining  Boothsville  with  the  inter- 
section of  Hackers  creek  with  the  Harrison-Lewis  county 
line.  This  portion  of  the  county  covers  an  area  of  135  square 
miles.  However,  Simpson  and  Elk  creeks  and  their  tribu- 
taries have  eroded  a considerable  area — approximately  15 
square  miles — of  this  coal  along  the  crest  of  the  Chestnut 
Ridge  arch ; hence,  the  area  of  this  bed  of  minable  thickness, 
covers  approximately  120  square  miles.  In  forming  an  esti- 
mate of  available  tonnage,  the  writer  feels  safe  in  assuming 
a thickness  of  1 foot  spread  out  over  the  latter  area.  Figur- 
ing on  the  basis  of  25  cubic  feet  to  the  short  ton  as  hereto- 
fore, the  following  results  are  obtained : 


Table  Showing  Approximate  Available  Harlem  Coal. 


| | 

Cubic  feet 

| Short  Tons 

| Sq.  Miles 

Acres  | 

of  Coal 

of  Coal 

Harrison  County. . . 

•1  120  | 

70,800  | 

3,345,408,000 

| 133,810,330 

Of  course,  the  Harlem  coal  could  not  be  mined  under 
present  commercial  conditions  in  competition  with  the  thicker 
and  purer  seams  easily  available  in  the  Appalachian  field,  but 
when  the  best  coals  become  more  expensive  to  win,  then  the 
former  bed  will  constitute  a reserve  supply  of  fuel  that  will 
greatly  prolong  the  life  of  the  State’s  coal  fields. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


619 


COALS  OF  THE  ALLEGHENY  SERIES. 
The  Upper  Kittanning  Coal. 


According  to  the  logs  of  the  oil  and  gas  well  borings,  the 
Upper  Kittanning  coal  appears  to  be  the  only  bed  of  the  Alle- 
gheny series  to  attain  minable  thickness  and  persistence  in 
the  Doddridge-Harrison  area,  and  its  apparent  minable  area 
is  seemingly  confined  to  a narrow  belt,  2 to  3 miles  wide,  ex- 
tending southwestward  across  Harrison  county  from  the  Mar- 
ion-Harrison  county  line  at  Boothsville  to  the  Harrison-Lewis 
county  line  at  McWhorter,  via  Bridgeport  and  Lost  Creek. 
The  coal  belongs  about  100  feet  belows  the  base  of  the  Cone- 
maugh  series ; hence,  it  lies  deeply  below  drainage  at  all 
points  in  the  area  under  discussion,  so  that  the  only  source 
of  information  availible  as  to  its  depth  and  thickness,  with 
one  exception,  has  been  the  very  incomplete  records  of  oil 
and  gas  wells.  The  exception  mentioned  is  a coal  test  boring 
(690),  located  on  the  J.  B.  Sandusky  farm  on  the  north  bank 
of  Simpson  creek,  one  mile  southeastward  from  Bridgeport, 
and  drilled  by  Payne  and  Brady  of  Clarksburg.  This  boring 
penetrated  the  Upper  Kittanning  horizon  without  finding 
merchantable  coal. 

The  coal  was  recorded  in  the  following  list  of  wells  scat- 
tered along  the  belt  above  outlined  for  its  probable  minable 
area : 

Wells  Recording  Upper  Kittanning  Coal — Harrison  County. 


Map 

No. 

NAME  OF  WELL  j District 

Elevation  of 
Well  Mouth 

UPPER  KITTANING  COAL 

Above  Tide 
Feet 

Depth 

Feet 

| Thickness 
| Feet 

625 

W.  M.  Gray  No.  1 IClay  

1385L 

929 

| 7 

630 

Nimshi  Nuzum  No.  4..iClay  

1165B 

726 

1 4 

633 

R.  L.  Reed  No.  1 jciay  

954L 

435 

1 5 

686 

Jesse  H.  Willis  No.  1..  Simpson  .. 

1050B 

470 

1 11 

688 

Jesse  H.  Willis  No.  3.. (Simpson  .. 

985L 

350 

1 6 

708A 

C.  S.  Gribble  No.  1.... (Grant  .... 

1145B 

430 

1 5 

716 

John  H.  Hardway  No.  ljGranc  .... 

1080B 

380 

6 

732A 

Bassell  Heirs  No.  1.... (Grant  .... 

335 

3 

734 

H.  Booth  (Carr)  No.  l.|Elk  

1010L 

393 

1 

737 

IA.  H.  Davisson  No.  l..(Elk  

Average  recorded  thickness.... 

1015B 

310  | 4 

| 5.2 

Through  the  courtesy  of  W.  A.  Chambers  of  Bridgeport, 


620 


COAL 


Harrison  county,  the  Survey  was  enabled  to  obtain  samples 
for  analysis  of  the  Upper  Kittanning  and  Lower  Mercer? 
coals  from  the  W.  M.  Gray  No.  1 well  (625),  and  the  de- 
tailed record  of  the  boring,  published  in  connection  with  the 
Adamsville  section,  page  107.  The  composition,  calorific 
value  and  fuel  ratio  of  these  coals,  are  given  in  the  table  of 
coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter.  The  Lower  Mer- 
cer? coal,  belonging  in  the  Pottsville  series  of  rocks,  is  thin 
and  unimportant,  but  the  analysis  shows  it  to  be  compara- 
tively low  in  sulphur. 

Quantity  of  Upper  Kittanning  Coal  Available. 

As  mentioned  on  preceding  pages  of  this  report,  the 
records  of  oil  and  gas  wells  are  very  unreliable  data  as  to  the 
character  and  thickness  of  the  coals  penetrated,  since  the  or- 
dinary well  driller,  being  interested  only  in  gening  down  as 
soon  as  possible  to  the  oil  and  gas  horizons,  does  not  exer- 
cise sufficient  care  to  obtain  the  exact  depth  at  which  the  top 
and  bottom  of  a coal  is  reached,  especially  of  the  veins  other 
than  the  Pittsburgh  bed.  Hence,  the  writer  has  a hesitancy 
in  making  even  an  approximate  estimate  on  such  meager 
information.  If  it  should  prove  to  be  present  over  the  area 
outlined  above  for  eastern  Harrison,  % say  covering  an  area 
of  50  square  miles  and  possessing  an  average  thickness  of  3 
feet,  then  167,270,000  short  tons  would  have  to  be  added  to 
the  available  coal  resources  of  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area. 

Summary  of  Available  Coal. 

Short  Tons. 

Washington  coal...- 529,745,352 

Uniontown  coal 111,513,600 

Redstone  coal • 70,811,136 

Pittsburgh  coal 2,243,000,000 

Harlem  coal • 133,816,320 


Grand  total 


3,088,886,408 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


621 


The  above  estimate  of  available  coal  in  the  Doddridge- 
Harrison  area  does  not  mean  that  this  amount  will  eventually 
be  recovered.  The  percentage  of  recovery  of  a coal  bed  at 
present  in  West  Virginia  varies  from  60  to  95  per  cent  of  the 
mining  section.  Owing  to  the  rapid  progress  in  recent  years 
in  mining  methods  with  regard  to  saving  the  largest  possi- 
ble amount  of  the  bed,  the  writer  is  of  the  opinion  that  fully 
80  per  cent  of  the  above  estimate  will  be  eventually  mined. 
Figuring  on  this  basis,  the  total  available  coal  is  reduced  in 
round  number  to  2,471,000,000  short  tons. 

MINABLE  COALS  BY  MAGISTERIAL  DISTRICTS. 

In  order  to  facilitate  an  investigation  by  the  reader  of 
data  given  in  this  report  on  the  minable  coals  of  the  two 
counties,  a brief  summary  of  the  same  will  now  be  given  by 
magisterial  districts. 


Doddridge  County. 

McClellan  District. — The  Washington  and  Pittsburgh 
coals  appear  to  be  the  only  minable  beds  in  McClellan  dis- 
trict. The  crop  of  the  former  is  shown  on  the  economic  geol- 
ogy map  accompanying  this  report.  There  still  remains  57.4 
square  miles  of  this  vein  uneroded.  Its  thickness  and  char- 
acter are  discussed  in  the  description  of  the  geology  of  the 
Washington  coal,  pages  157-168.  The  same  map  shows  that 
only  the  eastern  portion  of  the  district  holds  Pittsburgh  coal 
of  minable  thickness,  covering  an  area  of  30.8  square  miles. 
The  map  shows  the  tidal  elevation  of  the  latter  seam  at  all 
points  in  the  district.  Its  depth  and  thickness  are  exhibited 
in  the  table  of  wells  for  Doddridge  county,  pages  290-303. 
For  the  available  tonnage  of  each  bed,  see  pages  567  and  617 
respectively. 

Grant  District. — The  Washington,  Uniontown  and  Pitts- 
burgh coals  appear  to  be  the  only  minable  beds  in  Grant  dis- 
trict. The  crop  of  the  first  is  shown  on  the  economic  geology 
map  accompanying  this  report,  and  its  thickness,  character 


622 


COAL 


and  composition  are  discussed  at  length  in  Chapter  V.  There 
still  remains  an  area  uneroded  of  35.3  square  miles. 

The  Uniontown  coal  crops  along  the  Baltimore  & Ohio 
Railroad  between  Long  Run  station  and  the  Grant-West  Un- 
ion district  line,  and  northward  from  Morgansville  along 
Morgans  run  to  Harlin.  A discussion  of  its  thickness,  char- 
acter, composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel. ratio  is  given  in 
Chapter  VI.  Its  available  area  is  shown  on  a preceding  page 
of  this  chapter. 

The  Pittsburgh  coal  lies  deeply  below  drainage,  but  its 
depth  and  thickness  are  given  in  the  table  of  wells  for  Dod- 
dridge county,  under  Nos.  88  to  138  inclusive.  The  western 
boundary  line  where  this  coal  of  commercial  thickness  and 
purity  disappears  in  the  district,  is  exhibited  on  the  map 
above  mentioned.  No  analyses  of  Pittsburgh  coal  were  ob- 
tained in  this  district.  The  minable  area  of  the  bed  has  been 
approximated  at  18.5  square  miles.  For  the  available  tonnage 
of  the  Washington  and  Pittsburgh  veins  in  the  district,  see 
pages  567  and  617,  respectively. 

West  Union  District. — The  only  minable  coals  in  West 
Union  district  appear  to  be  the  Washington  and  Uniontown 
beds.  A glance  at  the  economic  geology  map  accompanying 
this  report  will  show  that  the  district  lies  one  mile  westward 
from  the  western  boundary  line  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  as  out- 
lined thereon.  The  same  map  exhibits  the  crop  of  the  Wash- 
ington seam  in  detail.  A discussion  of  the  thickness,  charac- 
ter, composition,  calorific  value  and  fuel  ratio  of  the  latter 
vein  is  given  in  Chapter  V.  The  area  of  Washington  coal 
left  eroded  is  24.3  square  miles,  and  the  estimated  available 
coal  in  round  numbers,  40,646,000  short  tons. 

v A full  discussion  of  the  distribution,  composition,  calori- 
fic value  and  fuel  ratio  of  the  Uniontown  coal  is  given  in 
Chapter  VI.  Probably  one-half  of  the  available  tonnage  of 
this  bed  as  estimated  for  the  two  counties  on  page  569,  be- 
longs in  this  district,  or  approximately  50,000,000  short  tons. 
For  ready  comparison  of  the  Washington  and  Uniontown 
beds,  the  reader  is  referred  to  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at 
the  end  of  this  chapter. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


623 


Central  District. — The  Washington  coal  appears  to  be  the 
only  minable  bed  in  Central  district,  a full  discussion  of  the 
quality  and  character  of  which  is  given  in  Chapter  V.  The 
area  of  this  coal  left  uneroded  is  25  square  miles,  and  the 
estimated  available  coal,  41,817,600  short  tons. 

It  is  barely  possible  that  the  Uniontown  bed  may  be  of 
minable  thickness  over  the  eastern  portion  of  this  district, 
but,  if  so,  it  was  overlooked  in  the  logs  of  several  wells 
therein. 

Southwest  District. — The  Washington  coal  appears  to 
be  the  only  minable  bed  in  Southwest  district.  A glance  at 
the  economic  geology  map  accompanying  this  report  will  show 
that  it  crops  high  in  the  hills  therein,  and  for  that  reason 
only  a small  area — approximately  11  square  miles — of  this 
vein  remains  uneroded.  It  appears  to  be  more  irregular  in 
this  district  than  in  any  other  in  Doddridge  county.  A full 
discussion  of  its  thickness,  distribution,  composition  calorific 
value  and  fuel  ratio  is  given  in  Chapter  V.  The  estimate  of 
available  coal  from  this  seam  in  Southwest  district,  is,  in 
round  numbers,  18,400,000  short  tons. 

Cove  District. — The  only  minable  coals  in  Cove  district 
appear  to  be  the  Washington  and  Pittsburgh  veins.  A 
glance  at  the  economic  geology  map  accompanying  this 
report,  will  show  that  over  most  of  the  district,  the  former 
coal  crops  high  in  the  hills ; hence,  a large  portion  of  its  orig- 
inal area  has  been  eroded,  leaving  approximately  19.7  square 
miles.  A full  discussion  of  its  thickness,  character  and  qual- 
ity is  given  in  Chapter  V.  The  estimated  available  coal  for 
the  district,  is,  in  round  numbers,  32,950,000  short  tons. 

The  minable  area  of  Pittsburgh  coal  as  outlined  on  the 
map  above  mentioned  is  confined  to  a narrow  strip  along  the 
southeast  border  of  the  district,  totaling  2.9  square  miles.  Of 
course,  this  western  boundary  line  of  commercial  Pittsburgh 
coal  is  only  approximate.  The  Albers  and  Fischer  wells 
(248  and  250)  record  the  coal,  but  do  not  give  the  thickness. 
The  approximate  available  coal  from  this  bed  in  the  district 
has  been  estimated  in  round  numbers  at  19,400,000  short  tons. 
For  further  details,  see  account  of  this  bed  in  Chapter  VI. 

New  Milton  District. — -The  minable  coals  of  New  Milton 


624 


coal 


district  are  the  Washington,  Uniontown  and  Pittsburgh  beds. 
The  thickness,  character  and  quality  of  the  Washington  coal 
therein  is  discussed  in  Chapter  V.  The  economic  geology 
map  of  the  two  counties  exhibits  its  crop  in  detail  thereon. 
The  area  of  the  bed  left  uneroded  is  36.3  square  miles.  The 
estimated  available  coal  from  this  vein  for  the  district,  is,  in 
round  numbers,  60,700,000  short  tons. 

The  minable  area  of  the  Uniontown  coal  is  confined  to 
the  northern  point  of  the  district,  covering  about  one-seventh 
of  the  total  estimate  of  50  square  miles  of  this  coal  for  Dod- 
dridge county,  page  569 ; hence,  the  approximate  available 
Uniontown  coal  for  the  district  is,  in  round  numbers,  15,900,- 
000  short  tons. 

The  minable  area  of  the  Pittsburgh  bed  in  New  Milton 
district,  as  limited  on  the  map  above  mentioned,  is  confined 
to  a narrow  strip  along  the  southeastern  border.  Its  thick- 
ness therein  is  exhibited  by  the  wells  (275,  277  and  278)  in  the 
table  for  Doddridge  county,  page  300.  The  area  of  the  coal 
as  limited,  totals  7 square  miles.  The  estimated  available 
coal,  is  in  round  numbers,  46,835,000  short  tons.  For  a fur- 
ther description  of  this  coal,  see  Chapter  VI. 

Greenbrier  District. — The  ' Washington  and  Pittsburgh 
coals  appear  to  be  the  only  minable  beds  in  Greenbrier  dis- 
trict. The  crop  of  the  former  coal  is  shown  in  detail  on  the 
economic  geology  map  accompanying  this  report,  as  well 
as  the  tidal  elevation  of  the  Pittsburgh  vein  at  all  points. 
The  thickness,  character  and  quality  of  the  Washington  coal 
is  discussed  in  Chapter  V.  The  amount  of  the  coal  left 
uneroded  is  27.9  square  miles.  The  approximate  available 
Washington  coal  for  the  district,  is,  in  round  numbers,  46,- 
668,000  short  tons. 

All  but  a narrow  strip  along  the  northwestern  border  of 
this  district  appears  to  be  underlaid  with  minable  Pittsburgh 
coal.  As  limited  on  the  map  above  mentioned,  the  area  of  this 
coal  totals  32.2  square  miles.  The  approximate  available  Pitts- 
burgh coal  is,  in  round  numbers  215,444,000  short  tons.  Its 
depth  and  thickness  are  given  in  the  table  of  wells  for  Dod- 
dridge county  under  Nos.  278-317.  For  further  information, 
see  discussion  of  this  coal  in  Chapter  VI. 


PLATE  XXI. — Plant  and  Town  at  Enterprise  (No,  49)  Mine  of  the  Consolidation  Coal  Co.  at  Enterprise 

Map — Also  Topography  of  the  Monongahela  series. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


625 


Harrison  County. 

Sardis  District. — The  only  minable  coals  of  Sardis  dis- 
trict appear  to  be  the  Washington  and  Pittsburgh  beds.  A 
glance  at  the  economic  geology  map  accompanying  this  re- 
port, wifi  show  that  both  veins  lie  deeply  buried  below  drain- 
age along  the  axis  of  the  Robinson  syncline  therein.  The 
same  map  shows  the  crop  of  both  coals  in  the  eastern  half 
of  the  district.  The  area  of  the  Washington  bed  left  un- 
eroded is  31.2  square  miles,  and  the  approximate  available 
Washington  coal  is,  in  round  numbers,  52,188,000  short  tons. 
For  further  information,  see  detailed  discussion  of  this  coal 
in  Chapter  V. 

A detailed  discussion  of  the  character,  thickness  and 
quality  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  is  given  in  both  this  chapter 
and  in  Chapter  VI.  The  area  of  this  bed  left  uneroded  in  the 
district  is  46  square  miles.  The  approximate  available  coal 
is,  in  round  numbers,  307,775,000  short  tons.  Its  depth  and 
thickness  is  shown  in  the  Harrison  county  table  of  wells 
under  Nos.  318-395  inclusive.  One  commercial  mine  (No. 
28  on  map)  in  this  coal  occurs  in  Sardis,  located  0.6  mile 
northwest  of  Dola,  for  data  concerning  which  see  No.  28  in 
the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 

Ten  Mile  District. — As  in  Sardis,  the  Washington  and 
Pittsburgh  coals  are  the  only  minable  beds  in  Ten  Mile  Dis- 
trict, and  both  lie  deeply  buried  below  drainage  therein  along 
the  axis  of  the  Robinson  Basin.  However,  a glance  at  the 
economic  geology  map  accompanying  this  report,  will  show 
that  both  crop  in  the  eastern  portion  of  the  district,  owing  to 
the  rapid  rise  of  the  strata  in  this  direction  on  the  western 
slope  of  the  Wolf  Summit  anticline. 

A full  discussion  of  the  thickness,  quality  and  character 
of  the  Washington  coal  is  given  in  this  chapter  and  in  Chap- 
ter V.  The  area  of  this  bed  left  uneroded  is  34.4  square  miles, 
and  the  approximate  available  coal,  in  round  numbers,  57,- 
540,000  short  tons. 

A full  discussion  of  the  thickness,  character  and  quality 
of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  is  given  in  this  chapter  and  in  Chap- 
ter IX.  The  area  of  this  coal  left  uneroded  is  50.6  square 


626 


COAL 


miles,  and  the  approximate  available  coal,  in  round  numbers, 

338.550.000  short  tons.  The  depth  and  thickness  of  the  coal 
are  given  in  the  Harrison  county  table  of  wells  under  Nos. 
396-477  inclusive.  There  are  no  commercial  mines  in  Ten 
Mile  district. 

Union  District. — The  Washington,  Redstone  and  Pitts- 
burgh coals  appear  to  be  only  minable  seams  in  Union  dis- 
trict. The  detailed  crops  of  all  three  therein  are  shown  on 
the  economic  geololgy  map  accompanying  this  report.  The 
area  of  the  Washington  coal  as  thereon  outlined  is  6 square 
miles,  and  the  approximate  available  coal,  in  round  numbers, 
10,000,000  short  tons.  For  further  information,  see  discus- 
sion of  this  coal  in  detail  in  Chapter  V. 

As  shown  on  the  map  above  mentioned,  the  minable  area 
of  the  Redstone  coal  is  confined  to  the  southeastern  portion 
of  the  district,  totaling  3.8  square  miles.  The  approximate 
available  coal  is,  in  round  numbers,  21,185,000  short  tons. 
A full  discussion  of  its  thickness,  character  and  quality  is 
given  in  this  chapter  and  in  Chapter  VI. 

The  Pittsburgh  coal  crops  high  in  the  hills  in  the  south- 
eastern portion  of  Union  district,  so  that  its  area  is  reduced 
to  37.8  square  miles.  The  approximate  available  coal  from 
this  bed  is,  in  round  numbers,  252,900,000  short  tons.  No 
commercial  mines  occur  therein.  For  special  information  as 
to  its  character  and  quality  in  the  district,  see  No.  83  in  the 
table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter.  Its  depth 
and  thickness  in  several  wells  are  given  in  the  table  for  Har- 
rison county  under  Nos.  478-531  inclusive.  Other  data  on 
this  coal  are  given  in  this  chapter  and  in  Chapter  VI. 

Eagle  District. — The  only  minable  coals  oi  Jiagle  district 
appear  to  be  the  Washington  and  Pittsburgh  beds,  both  of 
which  are  elevated  above  drainage  therein  by  the  Wolf  Sum- 
mit anticline.  Th§ir  crop  is  indicated  by  appropriate  symbols 
on  the  economic  geology  map  accompanying  this  report. 
The  thickness,  quality  and  character  of  the  Washington  seam 
is  discussed  in  detail  in  Chapter  V.  The  area  of  this  coal 
in  Eagle  as  outlined  on  the  map  above  mentioned  is  8 square 
miles,  and  the  approximate  available  coal,  in  round  numbers, 

13.380.000  short  tons. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  627 

As  mentioned  above,  the  Pittsburgh  coal  rises  above 
drainage  in  Eagle  on  the  crest  of  the  Wolf  Summit  Arch,  and 
southeastward  along  West  Fork  river,  so  that  the  area  left 
uneroded  as  outlined  on  the  map  referred  to  above  is  36.5 
square  miles,  and  the  approximate  available  coal,  in  round 
numbers,  244,200,000  short  tons.  In  1910  there  were  13  com- 
mercial mines  in  this  seam  in  the  district,  the  same  being 
represented  both  on  the  map  and  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses 
at  the  end  of  this  chapter  by  Nos.  20  and  21,  27  to  36  inclu- 
sive, and  39  to  which  the  reader  is  referred  for  specific  infor- 
mation as  to  the  thickness,  character  and  quality  of  the  Pitts- 
burgh coal  at  these  mines.  The  accurate  location  of  the  mines 
along  with  page  references  for  mine  data,  *s  given  on  the 
pages  immediately  following  the  table  of  coal  analyses.  For 
the  depth  and  thickness  of  the  coal  in  several  wells  in  Eagle, 
see  table  of  wells  for  Harrison  county,  under  Nos.  532  to  599 
inclusive.  For  further  details,  see  discussion  of  this  coal  in 
Chapter  VI. 

Clay  District. — The  Washington,  Pittsburgh,  Harlem  and 
Upper  Kittanning  coals  all  appear  to  be  of  minable  thick- 
ness in  Clay  district.  The  crops  of  the  Washington  and 
Pittsburgh  beds  are  indicated  in  detail  on  the  economic  geolo- 
gy map  accompanying  this  report. 

Owing  to  the  high  structural  level  of  Clay,  only  a very 
small  area  of  the  Washington  coal — 0.2  square  mile — remains 
uneroded,  approximating,  in  round  numbers,  330,000  short 
tons.  For  information  as  to  the  thickness,  character  and 
quality  of  the  coal,  see  discussion  of  this  bed  in  Chapter  V. 

The  minable  area  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  as  outlined  on 
the  map  referred  to  above  is  27.3  square  miles,  and  the  ap- 
proximate available  coal,  in  round  numbers,  182,660,000  short 
tons.  In  1910  there  were  16  commercial  mines  in  this  bed 
within  the  district,  the  same  being  represented  both  on  the 
map  referred  to  above  and  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the 
end  of  this  chapter  by  Nos.  12  to  19  inclusive,  22  to  26  inclu- 
sive, and  37  and  38,  to  which  the  reader  is  referred  for  specific 
information  as  to  the  thickness,  character  and  quality  of  the 
coal  at  these  mines.  The  accurate  location  of  the  mines  along 
with  page  references  for  mine  data  is  given  on  the  pages 


COAL 


028 

immediately  following  the  table  of  coal  analyses.  For  the 
depth  and  thickness  of  the  coal  in  several  wells  in  Clay,  see 
Nos.  600  to  649  inclusive  in  the  table  of  wells  for  Harrison 
county.  For  further  details,  see  discussion  of  the  bed  in 
Chapte  VI. 

As  outlined  on  page  618,  the  minable  area  of  Harlem  coal 
in  Clay  is  approximately  confined  to  that  portion  southeast 
of  a straight  line  through  Boothsville  and  McAlpin,  amount- 
ing to  about  4 square  miles,  or  one-thirtieth  of  the  minable 
area  estimated  for  Harrison  county,  approximating,  in  round 
numbers,  4,460,000  short  tons.  A discussion  of  its  thickness, 
character  and  quality  is  given  in  Chapter  VII.  For  com- 
parative purposes  the  reader  is  referred  to  the  data  thereon 
under  Nos.  87  to  91  inclusive  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses 
at  the  end  of  this  chapter  as  well  as  the  location  of  the  open- 
ings and  page  references  on  the  pages  immediately  follow- 
ing the  latter  table. 

The  apparent  minable  area  of  the  Upper  Kittanning  coal 
in  Clay  is  not  well  defined  as  this  coal  lies  deeply  below 
drainage  at  all  points  in  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area.  The 
reader  is  referred  to  the  description  of  this  bed  under  “Coals 
of  the  Allegheny  'Series”  in  this  chapter. 

Coal  District. — The  Pittsburgh  coal  appears  to  be  the 
only  minable  seam  in  Coal  district.  The  extreme  eastern 
point  of  the  latter  area,  however,  may  catch  a few  acres  of 
minable  Harlem  and  Upper  Kittanning  coals  as  the  same  are 
approximately  outlined  on  pages  618  and  619  respectively. 
The  detailed  crop  of  the  Pittsburgh  bed  is  indicated  on  the 
economic  geology  map  accompanyinig  this  report.  The 
minable  area  as  outlined  thereon  is  14  square  miles,  and  the 
approximate  available  coal,  in  round  numbers,  93,670,000 
short  tons.  In  1910  there  were  23  commercial  mines 
in  this  seam  within  the  district,  the  same  being  repres- 
ented both  on  the  map  referred  to  above  and  in  the  ta- 
ble of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter  by  Nos. 
40,  42  to  52  inclusive,  and  65  to  67  inclusive,  to  which 
the  reader  is  referred  for  specific  information  as  to 
the  thickness,  quality  and  character  of  the  coal  at 
these  mines.  The  accurate  location  of  the  mines  along  with 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


629 


page  references  for  mine  data  is  given  on  the  pages  imme- 
diately following  the  table  of  coal  analyses.  See  discussion 
of  this  coal  in  Chapter  VI  for  further  details.  The  depth 
and  thickness  of  the  seam  at  several  wells  are  given  in  the 
Harrison  county  table  of  wells,  under  Nos.  650  to  668  inclu- 
sive. 

Clark  District. — The  Pittsburgh,  Harlem  and  Upper  Kit- 
tanning coals  appear  to  the  only  minable  beds  in  Clark  dis- 
trict, with  considerable  doubt  attached  to  the  latter  seam. 
The  crop  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  is  given  in  detail  on  the 
economic  geology  map  accompanying  this  report,  and  the 
area  of  the  bed  as  outlined  thereon  is  8.7  square  miles,  giving 
the  approximate  available  coal  therefrom,  in  round  numbers, 
58,200,000  short  tons.  In  1910  there  were  9 commercial  mines 
in  this  coal  within  the  district,  represented  both  on  the  map 
above  mentioned  and  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end 
of  this  chapter  by  Nos.  53,  62  to  64  inclusive,  and  69  to  74 
inclusive,  to  which  the  reader  is  referred  for  specific  informa- 
tion as  to  the  thickness,  quality  and  character  of  the  coal  at 
these  mines.  The  accurate  location  of  the  mines  along  with 
page  references  for  mine  data  is  given  on  the  pages  imme- 
diately following  the  table  of  coal  analyses.  For  the  struc- 
ture and  other  data,  see  description  of  this  coal  in  Chapter  VI. 

The  minable  area  of  the  Harlem  coal  in  this  district,  as 
outlined  in  the  discussion  of  the  seam  in  this  chapter,  is  con- 
fined to  a narrow  strip  along  the  southeast  border.  A full 
description  of  the  thickness,  quality  and  character  of  the  coal 
is  given  in  Chapter  VII. 

For  data  as  to  the  minable  area  of  the  Upper  Kittanning 
coal,  see  description  of  the  bed  in  this  chapter  under  “Coals  of 
the’  Allegheny  Series.” 

Simpson  District. — The  Redstone,  Pittsburgh,  Harlem 
and  Upper  Kittanning  coals  appear  to  be  the  only  minable 
beds  in  Simpson  district,  with  considerable  doubt  attached 
to  the  latter  coal.  The  detailed  crop  of  the  Redstone  where 
it  has  minable  thickness  is  indicated  by  an  appropriate  sym- 
bol on  the  economic  geology  map  accompanying  this  report, 
as  well  as  the  approximate  northern  boundary  line  where  the 
bed  of  commercial  thickness  and  purity  disappears.  The 


630 


COAL 


area  of  this  seam  in  Simpson,  as  outlined  on  the  latter  map, 
is  one  square  mile,  and  the  approximate  available  coal,  in 
round  numbers,  5,575,000  short  tons.  A full  discussion  of 
the  thickness,  character  and  quality  of  the  coal  is  given  in 
Chapter  VI. 

The  detailed  crop  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  in  Simpson  is 
shown  on  the  map  mentioned  above,  and  the  area  of  the  bed, 
as  thereon  outlined,  is  10.4  square  miles ; hence,  it  has  been 
eroded  from  much  the  greater  portion  of  the  district.  The 
approximate  available  Pittsburgh  coal  is,  in  round  numbers, 

69.580.000  short  tons.  In  1910  there  were  only  two  commer- 
cial mines  in  this  coal  within  the  district,  represented  both 
on  the  map  mentioned  above  and  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses 
at  the  end  of  this  chapter  by  Nos.  41  and  68,  to  which  the 
reader  is  referred  for  specific  information  as  to  the  thickness, 
quality  and  character  of  the  coal  in  these  mines.  For  fur- 
ther details,  see  description  of  this  seam  in  Chapter  VI. 

The  probable  minable  areas  of  the  Harlem  and  Upper 
Kittanning  coals  are  sets  forth  in  the  descriptions  of  these 
beds  on  preceding  pages  of  this  chapter. 

Grant  District. — As  in  Simpson,  the  Redstone,  Pitts- 
burgh, Harlem  andd  Upper  Kittanning  coals  appear  to  be 
the  only  minable  beds  in  Grant  district,  with  considerable 
doubt  attached  to  the  latter  coal.  Where  the  Redstone  is  of 
minable  thickness  in  Grant,  it  is  so  designated  at  crop  with 
an  appropriate  symbol  on  the  economic  geology  map  accom- 
panying this  report,  as  well  as  its  northern  boundary  where 
the  bed  is  of  commercial  thickness  and  purity.  The  area 
of  the  coal  as  outlined  on  this  map  in  Grant  is  3.5  square 
miles,  and  the  approximate  available  coal,  in  round  numbers, 

19.510.000  short  tons.  In  1910  there  were  only  2 commercial 
mines  in  this  coal  within  the  district,  represented  both  on 
the  above  mentioned  map  and  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at 
the  end  of  this  chapter  by  Nos. -9  and  10,  to  which,  in  addi- 
tion to  Nos.  8 and  11,  the  reader  is  referred  for  specific  infor- 
mation as  to  the  thickness,  quality  and  character  of  the  coal. 
For  further  details,  see  description  of  the  coal  on  a preceding 
page  of  this  chapter. 

The  crop  of  the  Pittsburgh  coal  in  Grant  is  shown  in 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


631 


detail  on  the  map  mentioned  above,  and  the  area  of  the  bed 
as  thereon  outlined  is  10.3  square  miles,  giving  the  approxi- 
mate available  coal,  in  round  numbers,  68,900,000  short  tons. 
In  1910  there  were  9 commercial  mines  in  this  coal  within 
the  district,  represented  both  on  the  map  mentioned  above 
and  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the  end  of  this  chapter  by 
Nos.  75  to  83  inclusive,  to  which  the  reader  is  referred  for 
details  as  to  the  thickness,  quality  and  character  of  the  coal 
in  these  mines.  The  accurate  location  of  the  mines  along 
with  page  references  for  mine  data  is  given  on  the  pages  im- 
mediately following  the  table  of  coal  analyses.  For  further 
details,  see  account  of  this  coal  in  Chapter  VI. 

The  apparent  minable  areas  of  the  Harlem  and  Upper 
Kittanning  coals  in  Grant  are  outlined  in  the  descriptions  of 
these  beds  on  preceding  pages  of  this  chapter,  along  with 
other  data  of  interest. 

Elk  District. — As  in  Simpson  and  Grant,  the  Redstone, 
Pittsburgh,  Harlem  and  Upper  Kittanning  coals  appear  to  be 
the  only  minable  beds  in  Elk  district,  with  much  doubt  at- 
tached to  the  latter  coal. 

The  crop  of  the  Redstone  where  the  coal  is  of  minable 
thickness  is  shown  by  an  appropriate  symbol  on  the  economic 
geology  map  accompanying  this  report,  and  the  minable  area 
as  thereon  outlined  is  4.4  square  miles,  giving  the  approxi- 
mate available  coal,  in  round  numbers,  24,500,000  short  tons. 
There  are  no  commercial  mines  within  the  district,  but  the 
same  has  been  mined  quite  extensively  therein  by  farmers  for 
local  domestic  fuel,  two  of  which  are  represented  both  on  the 
map  above  mentioned  and  in  the  table  of  coal  analyses  at  the 
end  of  this  chapter  by  Nos.  6 and  7,  to  which  the  reader  is 
referred  for  details  as  to  the  thickness,  quality  and  character 
of  the  Redstone  coal  in  Elk  district.  For  further  details  as  to 
this  coal,  see  description  of  the  bed  on  a preceding  page  of 
this  chapter. 

The  detailed  crop  of  the  Pittsburgh  coa'  in  Elk  is  shown 
on  the  map  mentioned  above,  and  its  area  as  thereon  outlined 
is  7.6  square  miles,  giving  the  approximate  available  coal,  in 
round  numbers,  50,850,000  short  tons.  There  are  no  commer- 


COAL 


632 

cial  mines  in  this  bed  within  the  district,  but  detailed  infor- 
mation as  to  its  thickness  and  character  therein  are  given  on 
pages  575-576. 

The  apparent  minable  areas  of  the  Harlem  and  Upper 
Kittanning  coals  in  Elk  are  outlined  in  the  description  of 
these  beds  on  preceding  pages  of  this  chapter,  along  with 
uther  interesting  data. 

COAL  ANALYSES. 

The  following  table  gives  the  composition,  calorific  value 
and  fuel  ratio  of  the  coals  of  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area. 
The  coals  have  been  arranged  therein  in  descending  order 
from  the  Washington  bed  of  the  Dunkard  series  down  to 
what  appears  to  be  the  Lower  Mercer  vein  of  the  Pottsville 
measures.  For  explanations  concerning  the  tabluated  results, 
the  reader  is  referred  to  pages  565  and  615  and  to  the  author’s 
preface: 


ANALYSES  OF  COALS  IN  DODDRIDGE  AND  HARRISON  COUNTIES. 

(Under  the  heading  ‘'Condition  of  Sample”  “A.  D.”  air  dried,  and  “A.  R.”  as  received). 


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(Under  the  heading  “Condition  of  Sample”  “A.  D.”=air  dried,  and  “A.  R.”=as  received). 


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ANALYSES  OF  COALS  IN  DODDRIDGE  AND  HARRISON  COUNTIES, 

(Under  the  heading  “Condition  of  Sample”  “A.  D.”=air  dried,  and  “A.  R.”=as  received). 


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ANALYSES  OF  COALS  IN  DODDRIDGE  AND  HARRISON  COUNTIES. 

(Under  the  heading  “Condition  of  Sample”  “A.  D.”=air  dried,  and  “A.  R.”=as  received) 


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C4  00  tH  05  00  © LO  tH  tH  rH  rH  rH  rH  CO  © © CO  © 00  00  tn 

rH  CO  50  (M  CM  50*  co  CO  CO  CO  CO  CO*  rH  rH  rH*  CO  50*  CM  CM  50  CO 

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rH©©UO©©©rHrH^i  UO  UO  © ©©©CM  ©©OOOO 

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Pittsburgh  

Pittsburgh  

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Harrison  . 
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Harrison  . 
Harrison  . 
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ANALYSES  OF  COALS  IN  DODDRIDGE  AND  HARRISON  COUNTIES. 

(Under  the  heading  “Condition  of  Sample”  “A.  D.”=air  dried,  and  “A.  R.”=as  received). 


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ANALYSES  OF  COALS  IN  DODDRIDGE  AND  HARRISON  COUNTIES. 

(Under  the  heading  “Condition  of  Sample’'  “A.  D.”=air  dried,  and  “A.  R.”=^as  received). 


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05  05  05  05  H Tf*  uO  H CO  tO  05  00~  O 00  H Ph~  H CO  H 

H H CO  CO  M ?5_  N N H H (M  (M  CO  05  H Tf  H H 05 

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P Q 


P3  2 . 

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Ph  Ph  t^r 

mm  os 

CCS 

O O 02 

O O b 

02 

rr  r-L  H 

CCS  CCS  Ph 

O O *-! 

o o w 

2 2 ^ 
o o . 

02  02  O 

.S  BZ 

J2  £1  . 

a o 02 

C 

p £ 6 


H 05  <55 

o’  6 6 

CU  02  02 

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b fn  Ph 
cp  (p 

£ a rt 


^ H H H 
~ CO  CO  C/2 
• . . O 

o o op 
o 


02  02  02 
2 2 2 
0 0 0 2 
OOOh 


dBH  uo  -ON  9UIK 


IO  H H 05 

it—  t—  t—  t— 


H H LO  IO  CO  CO  t—  C—  00  00  05  05  O O H H (C5  C<J  CO 

c— t— c— t— t-t— t— t— t— t— t— t— oooooooooooooo 


ANALYSES  OF  COALS  IN  DODDRIDGE  AND  HARRISON  COUNTIES. 

(Under  the  heading  “Condition  of  Sample”  “A.  D.”=air  dried,  and  “A.  R.”=as  received). 


•qsy  + uasxxo 

dq  papiAip  uoqjUQ 

iJJ  N © T— ! © rl  oo  ffl  in  Tf  t>  t—  © .cq  © 

TjH  H ^ IH  00  © ©.  ©.  LO  l—.  C-  cq  N ©.  Tf  c-  © 

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on  lo  rH  o cq  cq  C'-  m rr  in  co  oo  o lo  on  to  on 

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cocococo  o co  m co  ij;  CO  O H N CO  cq  CO  CO 

H H H H r- 1 rH  H i— l^,rHrHrHrH  rH  rH  rH  rH 

Ultimate. 

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on  H1  M o c—  no  <cq  ;3rc—  co  cq  © lo  t-  to 

rH  rH  cq  cq  0>  rH  rH  N ^NOHH  rH.  rH  rH  rH 

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LO  cq’  © CO  cd  r(i  © cq  ^ rH  © cd  00  rH  rH  to  to 

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Common 
to  both. 

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io  rf  an  on  cq  © oo  ©.  ^5  ©.  co  co  00.  rti  rn  © © 

cd  cd  cq  cq  06  hi  d co  ^ hi’  h ri  cq  cq  cq*  rH  rH 

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CO©©©  to  ©rH  cq  ~^“©  © 00  © cq  rH  © © 

©©CO©  rf!  tT—  cq  coJ^©co©co  00.  © © 00 

LO  LO  to  tO  rji  cq’  H O IN  N H ri  CO*  CO  On  ©’ 

cq  rH  H H H rl  H H rH  rH 

Proximate. 

snjoqdsoqa 

L—  © CO  CO  00  © Tf  CqOOrtlOO©©  © © © © 

cq  cq  cq  cq  rti  H H CO  © CO  CO  co  co  CO  CO  rH  rH 

© © © © © ©©  ©©©©©©  © © © © 

© © © © © © © ©©©©©©  © © © ©’ 

uoqjUQ  poxij 

© © t>-  co  co  cocq  00  <n  10  00  © 0 © © © co 

©rJH©LO  CO  ©■'HI  -HI  CO.  'tf'  © LO  C—  Cq  © rf  rH 

co’  i—i  cd  cd  cd  rji  t-i  rH  cq  rH  cq  © an  00  i-—’  © © 

LO  LO  LO  LO  rJH  LOLO  IO  IO  LO  Hi  lb  H<  Tf  rH  LO  LO 

jejjuH  enretoA 
ojnjsiox\[ 

H CO  IO  HI  to  C—  CO  O N rH  Lfl  HI  H © Cq  © rH 

© 00  lo  cq  © cq  th  io.  10  i>  cj  co  00  00  co  ,-h  n 

00  © 00  00  0 ©id  © ©’  lo  cq  id  t—  t—’  © an 

COCOCOCO  CO  coco  CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  « co  co  co  co 

©LOOOOO  LO  rH  'HI  © LO  rH  rH  © © 00  -Hi  LO  t- 

LO©t>;©  cq  ©©  t>-.  on  00.  © © rH  t-H  rH  rf  LO 

rH©©r-i  r-i  r-i©  © © © t-  LO  CO  © r-i  © © 

eidmng  jo  uoijipuoo 

A.  D. 
A.  R. 
|A.  D. 
[A.  R. 

A.  R. 

1 

A.  R. 
A.  R. 

A.  R. 
A.  R. 
A.  R. 
A.  R. 
A.  R. 
|A.  R. 

A.  D. 
A.  R. 

A.  D. 
[A.  R. 

Horizon. 

Pittsburgh  

Pittsburgh  

Pittsburgh  

Pittsburgh  

Little  Clarksburg 

(West  Milford  (Hennen) 
j West  Milford  (Reger) 

Harlem  

Harlem  

Harlem  

[Harlem  

Harlem  

[Harlem  

|Upper  Kittanning.... 
|Upper  Kittanning 

f 

! 

ILower  Mercer? 

|Lower  Mercer? 

County. 

Harrison  . 
Harrison  . 
Harrison  . 
Harrison  . 

Harrison  . 

Harrison  . 
Harrison  . 

Harrison  . 
Harrison  . 
Harrison  . 
Harrison  . 
Harrison  . 
Harrison  . 

Harrison  . 
Harrison  . 

Harrison  . 
Harrison  . 

Mine. 

Clarksburg  Gas  Coal  Co 

Clarksburg  Gas  Coal  Co 

Average  

Average  

Gore  Heirs 

G.  W.  Moffett 

G.  W.  Moffett 

|J.  I.  Brohard 

B.  & 0.  R.  R 

Cornell  and  Lang 

Isaac  Maxwell 

Isaac  Maxwell 

Average  

W.  M.  Gray  No.  1,  oil  well 

(625)  

W.  M.  Gray  No.  1,  oil  well 
(625)  

W.  M.  Gray  No.  1,  oil  well 

1 (625)  

|W.  M.  Gray  No.  1,  oil  well 
| (625)  

dun  no  ox[  ouiH 

Hi  LO  to  tO  t—  O0  © © rH 

00  00  00  OO  00  000000©© 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  641 

Page  reference  to  detailed  description  and  section  of  coal 
mines  listed  in  preceding  table. 


Map 

No. 

Labora- 
tory 
| No. 

1 

| 450-H 

9 

j 460-H 

3 

452-Hand 

453-H 

4 

( 461-H 

5 

462-H 

6 

472-H  and 
472-H  (A) 

7 

473-H 

8 

480-H 

9 

523-H 

10 

524-H 

11 

522-H 

12 

510-H 

13 

531-H 

13A 

706-H 

14 

532-H 

15 

533-H 

16 

516-H 

17 

517-H 

18 

538-H 

19 

505-H 

20 

537-H 

21 

536-H 

22 

512-H 

23 

511-H 

24 

556-H  and 
552-H 

25 

555-H 

26 

457-H 

27 

553-H 

28 

552-H 

29 

503-H 

30 

504-H 

31 

509-H 

32 

508-H 

33 

507-H 

34 

506-H 

35 

513-H 

36 

535-H 

37 

534-H 

38 

Bull.  II, 
p.  326 

39 

499-H 

40 

545-H  and 
546-H 

41 

500-H 

42 

501-H 

43 

502-H 

44 

518-H 

Name  of  Owner. 


!J.  D.  Benedum.. 
iR.  M.  Orr 

I 

|D.  H.  Nicholson 
|W.  A.  StuHer. . . 
(Alfred  C.  Collins 


|Page  of 
| this 
Report. 
I 160 
| 161 

| 165 

| 189 

I 190 


L.  P.  Loudin 

[Gary  Harris 

| James  McIntyre 

| Clarksburg  Gas  Coal  Co 

(High  Grade  Coal  Co 

j Kroger  Gale  Coal  Co 

| Marion  Gas  Coal  Co 

(Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  49  (Enterprise).. 

(Monongah  Fuel  Co 

(Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  40  (Viropa) 

(Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  66  (Riverdale) . . . 

(Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  65  (Solon) 

Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  51  (Ehlen) 

Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  42  (Robinson 

Run)  

Haywood  Coal  Mining  Co 

Consohdation  Coal  Co.  No.  36  (Lucas) 

(Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  54  (Pooz) 

(Virginia  and  Maryland  Coal  Corporation 

j (Willard  No.  2) 

^Virginia  and  Maryland  Coal  Corporation 
| (Willard  No.  1) 


207 

209 

211 

571 

572 
572 

578 

579 

579 

580 

581 

580 

581 

582 

582 

583 

583 

584 
584 


(Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  61  (Owings) . . . . | 585 

(Conso’idation  Coal  Co.  No.  32  (Owings) | 585 

(J.  R.  Bartlett | 575 

(Short  Line  Coal  Co.  (Girard  No.  2,  New| 

| opening)  | 586 

(Short  Line  Coal  Co.  (Girard  No.  2,  01d| 

opening)  | 586 

(Fayette  Coal  Co | 587 

National  Coal  Co | 587 

(Swiger  Coal  Co | 588 

iPeacock  Coal  Co | 588 

(Rosebud  Fuel  Co j 589 

(Lumberport  Steam  Coal  Co ( 589 

lBlue  Ridge  Coal  Co | 590 

(Hero  Coal  & Coke  Co | 590 

(Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  21  (Gypsy) | 590 

I I 

(Consolidation  Coal  Co.  Maulsby) | 591 

(Lambert  Run  Coal  Co | 591 


(Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  55  (Meadow- 


\ brook)  ( 592 

(Cook  Coal  & Coke  Co  (Girard  No.  1) | 592 

(Harrison  County  Coal  Co ( 593 

(Hutchinson  Coal  Co.  (Erie) | 593 

jConsobdation  Coal  Co  No.  33  (Globe) | 594 


642 


COAL 


Map 

No. 

Labora- 

tory 

No. 

45 

Bull.  II, 

p.  326 

46 

548-H 

47 

549-H 

48 

539-H 

49 

515-H 

50 

498-H 

51 

497-H 

52 

496-H 

53 

Bull.  II, 
p.  321 

54 

495-H 

55 

494-H 

56 

542-H 

57 

Bull.  II, 
p.  321 

58 

None 

59 

None 

60 

540-H 

61 

541-H 

62 

491-Hand 

492-H 

63 

493-H 

64 

514-H 

65  | 

| 

544-H 

66 

543-H 

67 

547-H 

68 

550-H 

69 

558-H 

70 

554-H 

71 

490-H 

72 

530-H 

73 

Bull.  II, 

p.  321 

74 

529-H 

75 

528-H 

76 

527-H 

77 

525-H 

78 

551-H 

79 

526-H 

80 

519-H 

81 

521-H 

82 

520-H 

83 

481-H 

84  | 

523-H 

85  J 

478-H 

86 

474-H  and 
484-H 

87 

467-H 

88 

455-H 

89 

466-H 

90 

485-H 

91 

468-H 
559-H  and 
560-H 

Name  of  Owner. 


[Page  of 
| this 
|Report. 


[Consolidation  Coal  Co.  (Glen  Falls).. j 594 

] Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  27  (Dunham) [ 594 

| Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  48  (Falls  Run)...|  595 

I Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  62  (Perry  No.  3).|  595 

j Corona  Coal  & Coke  Co j 596 

jChas.  T.  Moore | 596 

jO’Gara  Coal  Co | 597 

] Hutchinson  Coal  Co.  (Delta) | 597 


1 Consolidation  Coal  Co.  (Reynoldsville) j 597 

|Madeira-Hill-Clark  Coal  Co.  (Chieftain) | 598 

jMadeira-Hill-Clark  Coal  Co.  (Randolph) | 598 

) Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  35  (O’Neil  No.  1)|  599 


j Consolidation  Coal  Co.  (O’Neil  No.  2) | 

j Washington  Coal  Co j 

[Washington  Coal  Co J 

| Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  50  (Perry  No.  2).  I 
I Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  50  (Perry  No.  1).| 

i i 

1 Madeira-Hill-Clark  Coal  Co.  (Waldo) | 

j Madeira-Hill-Clark  Coal  Co.  (Goff) j 

[Fairmont  and  Baltimore  Coal  and  Coke  Co.| 
[Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  25  (Pinnickin-| 

] nick)  [ 

I Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  58  (Despard) . . . . { 
[Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  29  (Columbia) ...  | 

[Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  52  (Ocean) | 

[Central  Fairmont  Coal  Co | 

I Vincent  Coal  Co | 

[Barnard  Coal  Co | 

IHarry  B.  Coal  & Coke  Co  (Pitcairn) | 

! i 

[Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  31  (Dixie) | 

[Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  46  (Lynch) | 

[Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  39  (Two  Lick)... I 

[Marshall  Coal  Co j 

[Byron  Coal  Co ] 

[Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  60  (West  Fork)..| 

[Daniel  Coal  Co.. | 

[Hutchinson  Coal  Co.  (Byron) [ 

[Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  44  (Interstate1 

No.  1) | 

[Consolidation  Coal  Co.  No.  64  (Interstate) 

} No.  2) [ 

[Jacob  Post | 

[Clarksburg  Gas  Coal  Co | 

[Gore  Heirs | 

I I 

G.  W.  Moffett | 

|.J.  I.  Brohard | 

[Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad  cut j 

[Cornell  and  Lang | 

[Isaac  Maxwell | 

[Isaac  Maxwell | 

I I 

JW.  M.  Gray  No.  1 Oil  well  (625) [ 


599 

599 

599 

600 

599 

600 
601 
601 


602 

603 

603 

604 

607 

608 
608 

609 

610 
610 
611 
611 
612 
612 
613 

613 

614 

614 
576 

615 
233 


246 

256 

257 

258 
261 
260 

620 


CHAPTER  X 


CLAYS,  ROAD  MATERIALS,  BUILDING 
STONES,  FORESTS  AND 
CARBON  BLACK. 


CLAYS  AND  CLAY  INDUSTRY. 

In  Vol.  Ill  of  the.  State  Geological  Survey  reports  may 
be  found  a general  review  of  the  clay  industry  in  the  State 
by  G.  P.  Grimsley,  along  with  a discussion  of  the  origin, 
physical  and  chemical  properties,  and  classification  of  clays 

and  their  uses,  to  which  the  reader  is  referred  for  such  data 

* 

and  the  technology  of  the  industry. 

In  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  at  this  time  there  are 
two  pottery  and  five  brick  plants,  all  located  in  Harrison 
county.  There  are  many  places  in  the  two  counties  where  the 
shales  and  alluvial  clays  could  be  used  for  brick  manufacture. 
The  location  of  these  alluvial  or  old  terrace  clays  are  outlined 
on  the  economic  geology  map  accompanying  this  report. 

Potteries. 

West  Virginia  Pottery  Company. 

This  plant  is  located  in  the  town  of  Bridgeport.  A brief 
account  of  its  organization,  pay  roll  and  number  of  persons 
employed  is  given  in  connection  with  the  industries  of  the 
latter  place,  page  27.  G.  P.  Grimsley  gives  an  interesting 
account  of  this  establishment  as  it  was  running  in  1905  on 
pages  161-162  of  Vol.  Ill  of  the  State  Survey  reports. 

According  to  information  furnished  by  G.  B.  Late,  Supt., 
in  February,  1912,  this  plant  now  manufactures  a plain  line 
of  stone  ware,  principally  jugs  and  jars.  It  has  a capacity 


644 


CLAYS,  ROAD  MATERIALS,  ETC. 


of  1400  gallons  daily,  which  is  disposed  of  to  jobbers  at  about 
4 cents  a gallon. 

The  old  Sandusky  clay  pit  near  Bridgeport,  as  described 
by  Mr.  Grimsley,  has  been  abandoned,  and  clay  only  from 
near  Hardman,  Taylor  county,  is  used.  According  to  Mr. 
Late,  the  Sandusky  clay  contained  too  much  iron,  causing  the 
product  to  burn  to  an  objectionable  red  color,  being  better 
adapted  to  the  manufacture  of  building  brick  than  stoneware. 

This  company  once  opened  a clay  pit  in  the  Clarksburg 
Fire  Clay  Shale  on  the  ridge,  1.5  miles  due  north  of  Bridge- 
port, a full  account  of  which  along  with  an  analysis  of  the 
clay  is  given  on  page  236.  Although  this  clay  was  adapted  to 
the  manufacture  of  a fine  grade,  buff  colored  building  and 
paving  brick,  yet  it  fused  at  too  low  a temperature  for  fire 
brick  purposes.  The  clay  was  too  plastic  to  manufacture 
stoneware,  in  that  it  required  too  long  a time  to  wash  and  get 
rid  of  the  water — taking  4 hours  as  against  only  40  minutes 
for  the  Hardman  clay.  Natural  gas  is  used  for  fuel  and  is 
furnished  by  a local  company  at  the  rate  rate  of  4 cents  a 
thousand  cubic  feet. 

A.  Radford  Pottery  Company. 

This  plant  is  located  a short  distance  east  of  Clarksburg 
in  the  town  of  Industrial,  an  account  of  which  is  given  on 
page  19  in  connection  with  the  description  of  the  industries 
of  the  former  place.  As  will  appear,  none  of  the  clay  used  is 
obtained  in  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area,  but  has  been  at- 
tracted to  this  place  by  the  low  price — 4 cents  a thousand 
cubic  feet — of  natural  gas.  Part  of  the  clay  used,  however, 
is  obtained  near  Hardman,  Taylor  county. 

Transported  Clays. 

In  the  vicinity  of  Salem,  Harrison  county,  there  occurs 
an  irregular  deposit  of  grayish  white  and  rather  plastic  clay 
that  appears  to  possess  the  required  physical  and  chemical 
properties  for  pottery  manufacturing  purposes.  In  the 
writer’s  judgment  this  clay  is  not  residual,  but  transported 


MSPl 


PLATE  XXII.  High  Grade  Brick  Company  Pit,  showing  Coal,  Clay  and  Shale,  Clarksburg, 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


645 


in  comparatively  recent  time  in  a geologic  sense.  It  is  proba- 
bly an  indirect  effect  of  one  of  the  great  ice  dams  formed  dur- 
ing the  glacial  period  of  the  earth’s  history.  During  this  time 
a great  ice  sheet  came  down  from  the  north  and  backed  up  the 
tributaries  of  the  old  Pittsburgh  river,  forming  a great  lake 
whose  surface  elevation  reached  about  1100  feet  above  pres- 
ent sea  level — approximately  the  elevation  of  this  clay  deposit 
— and  later  subsided,  leaving  mute  testimony  of  the  fact  along 
its  old  shore  lines  in  the  way  of  gravel,  rounded  boulders  and 
pebbles,  and  deposits  of  grayish  white  clay  along  the  valley 
walls  of  the  Monogahela  and  Cheat  rivers  of  this  State.  Ow- 
ing to  the  nature  of  the  deposit,  and  the  narrow  valley  at 
Salem,  it  is  not  probable  that  the  clay  occurs  in  sufficient 
quantity  to  be  considered  an  important  economic  resource. 

In  November,  1911,  D.  B.  Reger  visited  this  region  and 
collected  two  samples  of  the  clay  for  analysis,  the  composi- 
tion of  which  is  reported  by  Prof.  Hite  as  follows : 


Analyses  of  Clays  Near  Salem. 

No.  674-H 
Per  cent. 


Silica  (Si  02) 69.70 

Ferric  Iron  (Fe203) 4.74 

Alumina  (A1203) 14.53 

Lime  (Ca  0) 0.58 

Magnesia  (Mg  0) 0.72 

Sodium  (Na20) 0.95 

Potassium  (k20) 2.65 

Titanium  (Ti  02) 0.64 

Phosphoric  Acid  (P205) 0.05 

Moisture  at  105° 1.62 

Loss  on  ignition 3.78 


No.  675-H 
Per  cent  . 
68.36 
3.42 
17.33 
0.10 
1.36 
0.33 
2.65 
0.48 
0.16 
1.06 
5.35 


Totals 


99.96  100.60 


Sample  No.  674-H  was  collected  from  a town  lot,  mile 
northwest  of  the  mouth  of  Jacobs  run  at  Salem  ; and  No. 
675-H,  in  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad  cut  at  the  west  edge 
of  Industrial,  close  to  the  Doddridge-Harrison  county  line. 
At  the  point  the  first  sample  was  taken,  Mr.  Reger  reports 
a thickness  of  4 feet  of  white  clay  without  reaching  bottom ; 
and  at  the  latter  point,  13  feet  of  white  clay.  He  reports 
both  at  about  the  same  elevation — 1080'  to  1100'  A.  T. — and 
as  having  the  appearance  of  old  secondary  creek  deposits. 


646 


CLAYS,  ROAD  MATERIALS,  ETC. 


The  analyses  show  that  the  clay  compares  favorably  with 
other  oottery  clays  of  the  State,  as  will  readily  be  observed 
from  an  examination  of  Table  I,  facing  page  26  of  Vol.  Ill  of 
the  State  Geological  Survey  reports.  The  clay  appears  suffi- 
ciently plastic  to  mould  well,  but  it  must  be  kept  in  mind 
that  any  clay  must  be  worked  into  the  finished  product  to  de- 
termine its  real  worth. 

The  writer  collected  another  sample  of  this  alluvial  or 
transported  clay  along  the  hill  road,  1.7  miles  due  west  of 
Byron,  Harrison  county.  Here,  the  deposit  is  grayish  white 
in  color,  plastic,  and  6 feet  thick,  coming  at  an  elevation  of 
1060'  A.  T.,  aneroid  The  composition  is  reported  by  Prof. 
Hite  as  follows: 


Analysis  of  Clay,  1.7  Miles  West  of  Byron. 

Per  cent. 


Silica  (Si  02) 82.20 

Ferric  Iron  (Fe203) 2.26 

Alumina  (A1203) 6.88 

Lime  (Ca  0) 1-84 

Magnesia  (Mg  0) 0.58 

Sodium  (Na20) 6.82 

Potassium  (k20) 1.21 

Titanium  (Ti  02) 0.40 

Phosphoric  Acid  (P205) 0.84 

Loss  on  ignition 8.62 


Total 100.15 


The  results  show  the  clay  too  high  in  silica  and  too  low 
in  alumina  for  pottery  purposes,  as  will  appear  from  an  ex- 
amination of  Table  I in  the  reference  above  given.  Owing 
to  the  lack  of  fine,  high  grade  fire  clays  in  the  Dunkard, 
Monongahela  and  Conemaugh  series,  it  is  quite  doubtful 
whether  any  of  the  residual  clays  that  crop  in  the  two  coun- 
ties will  ever  prove  a success  in  the  manufacture  of  the  dif- 
ferent kinds  of  pottery  where  high  temperatures  are  required 
in  their  making. 

Brick  Plants . 

The  brick  industry  in  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  is 
confined  entirely  to  Harrison  county.  Only  building  and 
paving  brick  are  manufactured. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


647 


Monticello  Brick  Company. 


The  plant  of  the  Monticello  Brick  Company  is  located  one 
mile  southwest  of  Clarksburg  on  the  east  bank  of  West  Fork 
river.  According  to  information  furnished  D.  B.  Reger  by 
Frank  L.  Bennett,  Manager,  it  was  established  in  1896, 
and  employment  is  furnished  for  16  men,  the  plant  having  a 
yearly  output  of  %y2  million  building  brick. 

Shale  Pit. — Mr.  Reger  collected  samples  for  analysis  and 
measured  the  following  section  at  the  shale  pit : 

Feet. 


River  clay,  yellowish 15 

Shale,  variegated,  mostly  red  (Clarksburg) 15 


Chemical  Analysis. — Two  samples,  representing  each 
formation,  were  collected,  the  composition  of  which  is  re- 


ported by  Prof.  Hite  as  follows : 


Silica  (Si  02) 

Ferric  Iron  (Fe203) .... 

Alumina  (A1203) 

Lime  (Ca  0) 

Magnesia  (Mg  0) 

Sodium  (Na20) 

Potassium  (k20) 

Titanium  (Ti  02) 

Phosphoric  Acid  (P203) 
Loss  on  ignition 

Totals 


River  clay. 

Shale. 

Percent. 

Per  cent. 

. . 76.18 

51.20 

10.78 

7.98 

12  46 

1.24 

6.04 

0.76 

1.12 

0.77 

1.63 

1.59 

4.46 

0.22 

0.02 

0.53 

4.19 

11.31 

99.75 

The  clay  and  shale  are  mixed,  in  the  proportion,  1 part 
clay  to  2 parts  shale.  The  clay  alone  makes  good  brick,  but 
shrinks  too  much  in  burning.  The  shale  also  makes  good 
brick  alone,  but  it  has  to  be  run  first  through  a very  fine 
sieve.  G.  P.  Grimsley  gives  an  interesting  account  of  this 
plant  on  pages  247-248  of  Vol.  Ill  of  the  State  Geological 
Survey  reports. 


Clarksburg  High  Grade  Shale  Brick  Company. 


In  addition  to  the  last  described  plant  using  shales  be- 
low the  Pittsburgh  coal,  there  is  another  that  utilizes  the 


648 


CLAYS,  ROAD  MATERIALS,  ETC. 


shales  immediately  over  the  same  coal  in  the  Clarksburg 
region,  an  interesting  account  of  which  is  published  oh  pages 
250-252  of  Vol.  Ill  of  the  State  Survey  reports. 

The  Glen  View  Brick  Company. 

The  Glen  View  Brick  Company,  successor  to  the  Glen 
Elk  Brick  Company,  has  its  plant  in  the  north  edge  of  Clarks- 
burg. According  to  information  furnished  D.  B.  Reger  by 
John  Patton,  Pres.,  the  plant  was  established  in  1900,  and 
employment  is  furnished  for  18  men,  the  concern  having  a 
yearly  output  of  two  to  three  million  building  and  sidewalk 
brick. 

Shale  Pit. — Mr.  Reger  measured  the  following  section  at 
the  shale  pit: 

Feet. 

1.  Clay  8 

2.  Shale,  brown 4 

3.  Sandstone,  shaly 3 

4.  Shale,  dark  gray 17 

5.  Coal,  Redstone — 0.5 

6.  Shale  4 

7.  Limestone,  Redstone 4 

8.  Shale,  limy 14 

9.  Coal,  Pittsburgh 10 

Mr.  Reger  reports  that  formations  Nos.  1 and  4 of  the 
section  are  mixed  in  equal  parts  in  making  the  brick. 

Chemical  Analysis. — He  also  collected  a sample  for 
analysis  from  No.  4 of  section  the  composition  of  which  is 
reported  by  Prof.  Hite  as  follows: 

Per  cent. 

Silica  (Si  02) 67.20 

Ferric  Iron  (Fe203) 4.16 

Alumina  (A1203) 14.16 

Lime  (Ca  0) 2.24 

Magnesia  (Mg  0) 1-24 

Sodium  (Na20) 1.42 

Potassium  (k20) 3-70 

Titanium  (Ti  02) 0.18 

Phosphoric  Acid  (P205) 0.46 

Loss  on  ignition 5.37 


Total 100.23 


I 


G.  P.  Grimsley  gives  an  interesting  account  of  this  plant 


PLATE  XXIII. — Jackson  quarry  in  Arnoldsburg  sandstone  at  Clarksburg,  Ha 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


649 


when  it  was  run  by  the  Glen  Elk  Brick  Company  on  page 
252  of  Vol.  Ill  of  the  State  Geological  Survey  reports. 

Lee  Brick  Plant,  West  Milford. 

According  to  information  furnished  D.  B.  Reger  by 
Mason  Lee,  the  operator,  this  plant  was  established  in  1902 
and  abandoned  in  1911.  It  is  located  on  the  south  bank  of 
W est  Fork  river,  400  to  500  feet  east  of  the  bridge  over  the  lat- 
ter stream  at  West  Milford.  The  clay  operated  was  an  alluvial 
deposit,  reddish  yellow  and  8 feet  thick,  coming  only  7 feet 
above  water  level  of  the  river.  Employment  was  furnished  for  5 
men,  and  the  capacity  of  the  plant,  4000  to  5000  building 
brick  daily.  The  brick  were  moulded  by  hand ; that  is,  no 
machinery  was  used.  They  were  also  air  dried,  and  burned 
with  wood  for  fuel  into  two  kinds  of  brick — hard  and  soft — 
the  hard  being  on  the  inside  of  the  kiln.  The  product  was 
used  entirely  to  supply  the  local  demands  of  West  Milford 
and  vicinity. 

The  Shinnston  Brick  Company. 

% 

This  plant  is  located  in  the  east  edge  of  Shinnston,  and 
according  to  information  given  D.  B.  Reger  by  C.  A.  Short, 
Pres.,  it  was  established  in  August,  1910.  Building  brick 
was  manufactured  and  only  one  kiln  was  ever  burned,  the 
plant  having  been  shut  down  for  some  time  on  account  of  a 
lack  of  funds.  The  clay  pit,  according  to  Mr.  Reger,  occurs 
in  an  alluvial  or  terrace  deposit  of  clay,  at  an  elevation  of  1010' 
A.  T.,  aneroid,  the  raw  clay  being  yellowish  and  burning  to 
a pale  red.  The  brick  were  wire  cut  and  dried  in  4 driers 
with  natural  gas  for  fuel,  and  then  burned  in  a rectangular 
kiln.  Employment  was  furnished  for  8 men  when  running  at 
full  capacity.  The  plant  is  now  owned  by  Thomas  Hawker. 

According  to  Mr.  Short,  a potter’s  clay  was  once  mined 
at  a lower  level  at  this  place,  and  burned  into  a fine  grade  of 
pottery,  mostly  stoneware. 


650 


CLAYS,  ROAD  MATERIALS,  ETC. 


The  Washington  fire  clay  shale  of  the  Dunkard  series, 
and  the  Clarksburg  and  Pittsburgh  red  shales  of  the  Cone- 
maugh,  along  with  the  great  deposits  of  alluvial  clays  on  the 
old  river  terraces  of  West  Fork,  should  furnish  an  almost 
inexhaustible  supply  of  material  adapted  to  the  manufacture 
of  paving  and  building  brick.  Another  feature  in  favor  of 
the  brick  industry  for  this  region  is  the  fact  that  this  local- 
ity is  immediately  surrounded  by  one  of  the  greatest  natural 
gas  and  coal  fields  of  the  State,  thus  insuring  an  abundant 
supply  of  cheap  fuel  for  many  years  in  the  future. 

ROAD  MATERIAL. 


As  mentioned  at  the  beginning  of  Chapter  I,  the  public 
highways  of  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area  have  received  rather 
indifferent  attention  until  within  the  last  three  years ; hence, 
the  subject  of  road  material  has  become  of  great  importance 
to  the  residents  thereof.  The  Northwestern  Turnpike,  be- 
tween Clarksburg  and  Salem,  has  recently  been  macadam- 
ized with  limestone  largly  from  the  eastern  Pan-handle  coun- 
ties of  the  State.  In  other  portions  of  both  counties,  dirt 
and  broken  sandstone  have  constituted  the  greater  portion  of 
the  material  used  in  making  and  maintaining  the  roads,  the 
latter  becoming  almost  impassable  during  the  winter  season 
in  the  oil  and  gas  fields  of  both  counties. 

Limestones. 

Nearly  all  varieties  of  limestones  can  be  used  to  advan- 
tage in  surfacing  road  beds,  but  those  that  combine  best 
cementing  properties  along  with  good  wearing  qualities  are 
preferred.  The  following  limestones  that  are  adapted  for 
road  material,  crop  in  the  Doddridge-Harrison  area: 


Monongahela  Series. 


Conemaugh  Series. 


Uniontown  Limestone... 

Pages. 
193 

Pages. 

Upper  Pittsburgh  Limestone.  .225 

Benwood 

Limestone 

197 

Clarksburg  Limestone. . . , 

237 

Sewickley 

Limestone. ... 

202 

Elk  Lick  Limestone 

245 

Redstone 

Limestone 

212 

Ames  Limestone 

250 

Ewing  Limestone 

262 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


651 


The  chemical  composition,  thickness  and  character  of 
these  limestones,  along  with  a discussion  of  their  crop  and 
availability  are  given  on  the  pages  indicated  above  in  this 
report,  to  which  the  reader  is  referred  for  specific  informa- 
tion for  each  stratum. 

River  and  Creek  Gravels. 

In  the  foregoing  county  reports  prepared  by  the  writer 
special  emphasis  has  been  placed  on  the  fact  that  the  cheap- 
est and  greatest  source  of  good  road  material,  and  one  that 
is  most  frequently  overlooked,  is  the  deposit  ot  gravel  along 
the  beds  of  the  larger  streams.  The  Doddridge-Harrison 
area  is  no  exception  to  this  rule.  There  may  be  found  large 
deposits  of  gravel  that  is  already  pounded  and  worn  down 
by  attrition  to  a size  suitable  for  direct  application  to  the 
surface  of  road  beds,  along  all  the  larger  streams  in  both 
counties. 


BUILDING  STONE. 

Some  of  the  limestones  mentioned  under  '‘Road  Mater- 
ials” above  might  be  used  to  advantage  for  building  purposes 
for  foundations  and  chimneys  in  the  rural  districts  in  the 
immediate  locality  of  their  crop  in  both  counties.  The  hard- 
er ledges  might  take  a good  polish  and  thus  serve  for  orna- 
mental work.  On  account  of  their  brittle  nature  they  would 
have  to  be  quarried  by  use  of  wedges,  as  blasting  would 
probably  shatter  them. 

The  sandstones  of  the  area  under  discussion  should  fur- 
nish an  almost  inexhaustible  supply  of  fair  building  material. 
The  following  is  a list  in  descending  order  of  the  sandstones 
that  crop  to  the  surface  that  are  available  and  of  sufficient 
thickness  and  durability  to  warrant  quarrying  in  some  cases 
for  local  supply,  and  in  others,  for  shipping  purposes.  Those 
in  black  face  type  have  already  been  quarried  to  some  ex- 
tent. The  thickness,  character  and  distribution  of  these  sev- 
eral ledges  are  discussed  at  length  in  this  report  on  the 
pages  indicated  at  the  right  hand  margin  of  the  list: 


652 


CLAYS,  ROAD  MATERIALS,  ETC. 


Pages. 

Dunkard  Series. 

Nineveh  Sandstone 147 

Jollytown  Sandstone 151 

Hundred  Sandstone 153 

Upper  Marietta  Sandstone 153 

Lower  Marietta  Sandstone 156 

Mannington  Sandstone 170 

Waynesburg  Sandstone... 174 

Monongahela  Series. 

Gilboy  Sandstone 186 

Uniontown  Sandstone .....186 

Arnoldsburg  Sandstone ..194 

Upper  Sewickley  Sandstone 199 

Lower  Sewickley  Sandstone t 201 

Conemaugh  Series. 

Lower  Pittsburgh  Sandstone 224 

Connellsville  Sandstone 229 

Morgantown  Sandstone 241 

Grafton  Sandstone 248 

Saltsburg  Sandstone 264 

Buffalo  Sandstone * 268 


McGeorge  Quarry  at  Clarksburg — Arnoldsburg  Sandstone. 

On  pages  453-454  of  Vol  IV  of  the  State  Geological  re- 
ports, G.  P.  Grimsley  gives  an  account  of  the  McGeorge 
quarry  on  what  appears  to  be  the  Arnoldsburg  sandstone  and 
not  the  Uniontown  as  given  by  Mr.  Grimsley,  a more  detailed 
discussion  of  which  is  given  by  the  writer  in  the  descrip- 
tion of  the  Uniontown  and  Arnoldsburg  sandstones  in  Chap- 
ter VI  of  this  report. 


T.  M.  Jackson  Quarry  at  Clarksburg — Arnoldsburg 
Sandstone. 


On  pages  455-457  of  Vol.  IV  of  the  State  Geological  re- 
ports, G.  P.  Grimsley  gives  an  account  of  the  T.  M.  Jackson 
quarry  on  what  appears  to  be  the  Arnoldsburg  and  not  the 
Uniontown  sandstone  as  discussed  more  in  detail  in  the  de- 
scription of  these  ledges  in  Chapter  VI  of  this  report. 

Physical  Tests. — Samples  of  stones  from  the  Jackson 
quarry  were  sent  during  1908  to  the  testing  laboratory  of  the 
U.  S.  Geological  SurVey  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  for  physical  tests, 
the  results  of  which  are  published  on  pages  566  and  567  of 
Vol.  IV  of  the  State  survey  reports. 


PLATE  XXIV. — Fred  Flowers  quarry  in  Lower  Sewickley  sandstone, 
near  Gore,  2 miles  north  of  Clarksburg.  (See  Gore  section). 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


653 


Porter  Smith  Quarry  at  Farnum. — Connellsville  Sandstone. 

G.  P.  Grimsley  gives  an  account  of  the  Porter  Smith 
quarry  at  Farnum  in  what  appears  to  be  the  Connellsville 
sandstone,  on  pages  470  and  471  of  Vol.  IV  of  the  State  'Sur- 
vey reports. 

J.  B.  Smith  Quarry  Near  Byron — Connellsville  Sandstone. 

The  Connellsville  sandstone  has  been  quarried  quite  ex- 
tensively in  the  region  of  Byron  (Mt.  Clare)  along  Browns 
creek.  In  fact,  stone  from  quarries  on  this  ledge  in  this  lo- 
cality was  largely  used  in  the  construction  of  the  Hospital 
for  the  Insane  at  Weston,  Lewis  county,  and  the  Balt,  and 
Ohio  Railroad  depot  at  the  same  place.  On  page  230  of 
this  report  is  given  a full  description  of  the  J.  B.  Smith 
quarry,  along  with  a chemical  analysis  of  the  stone  there- 
from. 


FORESTS. 

Owing  to  the  rapid  depletion  of  the  forests  of  the  State 
by  the  combined  attacks  of  fire,  farmers  and  saw-mills,  the 
subject  of  their  preservation  and  reproduction  has  recently 
attained  an  interest  second  only  to  the  conservation  of  its 
mineral  fuels.  The  available  supply  of  timber  is  rapidly 
growing  less,  and  should  the  present  rate  of  exhaustion  con- 
tinue, 20  to  25  years  will  practically  see  the  end  of  the  virgin 
forests  of  West  Virginia.  A glance  at  the  State  Survey  map 
accompanying  Vol.  V,  Forestry  and  Wood  Industries,  dated 
Feb.  1,  1911,  will  show  no  large  tracts  of  virgin  timber  in  the 
Doddridge-Harrison  area,  the  same  being  represented  almost 
entirely  by  “farm  areas.”  The  latter,  as  classified  by  A.  B. 
Brooks,  the  author  of  the  report  and  map  mentioned,  does 
not  necessarily  mean  that  all  such  areas  are  under  cultiva- 
tion since  almost  every  farm  in  both  counties  has  a small 
wood-lot  reserve. 


654 


CLAYS,  ROAD  MATERIALS,  ETC. 


Doddridge  County. 


On  pages  133  and  134  of  the  above  mentioned  report,  Mr. 
Brooks  gives  the  following  interesting  account  of  the  ori- 
ginal and  present  forest  conditions,  and  the  lumber  industry 
of  Doddridge  county : 


“Original  Timber  Conditions. — The  timbers  of  the  county  were 
the  oaks,  hickories,  walnuts,  yellow  poplar,  white  ash,  and  other 
hardwoods,  all  reaching  a large  size  and  attaining  a high  degree  of 
excellence  in  the  rich  lands  commonly  found  in  all  sections.  There 
were  small  quanties  of  yellow  and  white  pines,  hemlock  and  red 
cedar. 

“The  Lumber  Industry. — The  principal  outlets  for  manufactured 
lumber  have  been  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  railroad  since  about  1857. 
and  Middle  Island  Creek  and  its  larger  tributaries. 

“Water  saw  mills  on  Middle  Island  creek  and  its  branches  were 
common  until  within  recent  years,  cutting  vast  quantities  of  fine  yel- 
low poplar  and  some  other  timbers.  About  90  per  cent  of  the  yellow 
poplar  was  sawed  and  rafted  to  a chair  factory  in  Marietta,  the  rest 
going  to  Pittsburgh. 

“Beginning  with  about  1880  oak  timber  was  cut  and  much  of  it 
sold  in  Marietta  and  in  Beverly  and  Malta  on  the  Muskingum  river 
in  Ohio. 

“Much  timber  has  been  used  in  oil  rigs,  thousands  of  which  have 
been  constructed  in  the  county  during  the  past  25  years. 

“Large  numbers  of  staves  and  ties  have  been  floated  down  Middle 
Island  creek  to  St.  Marys,  the  ties  being  sold  largely  to  the  Pennsyl- 
vania railroad  and  the  staves  to  manufacturers  of  oil  barrels  in  Balti- 
more. 

“The  timber  that  has  been  taken  ‘has  gone  down  the  water  courses 
which  liberally  supply  the  county  with  transportation  for  timber,  or 
has  been  hauled  to  the  railroad  over  tram  roads  which  are  numerous 
and  of  considerable  length,  one  of  them  being  about  twenty  miles 
long,  and  over  which  vast  quantities  of  timber  have  been  hauled.  In 
most  places  where  the  timber  has  been  removed  it  has  been  taken, 
staves,  ties,  telegraph  poles,  hoop  poles,  and  tan  bark,  all  going  along 
with  the  saw  timber,  and  leaving  the  land  cleared  and  ready  for  farm* 
mg.’ 

“The  Present  Forest  Conditions. — We  have  a record  which  says 
that  from  a fourth  to  a third  of  the  timber  of  Doddridge  had  not 
been  touched  in  1893.  At  the  present  time  practically  all  the  wood- 
land has  been  culled.  The  best  timber  is  now  found  in  West  Union, 
Cove,  Central  and  New  Milton  districts,  where  most  of  the  land  is 
held  by  a comparatively  few  private  owners. 

“The  woodlots  belonging  to  farmers  are  very  superior  to  those 
found  in  some  sections  of  the  State,  there  being  a good  second  growth 
and  in  some  cases  a virgin  stand  of  timber.  It  is  probable  that  65 
per  cent  of  the  area  has  been  cleared  for  cultivation  and  grazing  pur- 
poses.” 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


655 


Harrison  County. 

The  following  interesting  account  is  as  published  by  Mr. 
Brooks  on  pages  159-161  of  the  above  mentioned  report,  in 
which  the  same  forest  features  for  Harrison  are  described  as 
for  Doddridge  county: 


“Original  Timber  Conditions. — It  is  difficult  now  to  find  any  more 
than  a trace  of  the  original  forests.  The  quality  of  timber  in  small 
isolated  areas,  however,  together  with  the  unusual  fertility  of  the 
soil  and  other  favorable  natural  conditions,  justify  us  in  asserting 
that  no  county  in  the  State  had  a larger  and  more  uniform  boundary 
of  superior  hardwoods.  Nearly  every  species  of  hardwood  common 
to  central  West  Virginia  grew  here,  hut  those  which  should  be 
especially  mentioned  were  yellow  poplar,  white  oak,  red  oak,  black 
walnut,  hickory,  white  ash  and  sugar  maple.  There  were  no  soft 
woods  of  any  consequence. 

“The  Lumber  Industry. — The  rich  and  easily  cultivated  lands  of 
Harrison  county  invited  settlement  and  the  clearing  of  large  areas 
before  the  timber  had  a commercial  value.  The  removal  of  timber 
from  farms  in  all  sections  has  made  an  extensive  lumber  industry — 
such  as  has  been  carried  on  in  other  parts  of  the  State — an  impossi- 
bility. There  were  saw  mills,  it  is  true,  operating  along  several  of 
the  streams  in  an  early  day;  but  these  were  of  the  usual  primitive 
type  and  manufactured  lumber  in  small  amounts  for  domestic  use 
only.  An  early  writer,  speaking  of  the  industries  of  Harrison  county, 
informs  us  that  there  were  6 saw  mills  running  in  the  year  1835. 

“Poplar,  oak,  and  some  other  timbers  have  been  floated  out  on 
the  West  Fork  river,  going  to  Pittsburgh,  Brownsville,  Rices  Landing, 
Beaver  and  other  points  along  the  Monongahela  and  Ohio  rivers. 

“Most  of  the  timber  not  destroyed  by  the  settlers  has  been  sawed 
by  portable  mills  which  have  moved  from  place  to  place  during  the 
last  40  or  50  years.  As  a rule,  the  operations  have  been  most  numer- 
ous and  active  in  the  localities  made  accessible  by  the  building  of 
railroads.  According  to  Haymond’s  “History  of  Harrison  County’’ 
published  in  1909,  the  principal  railroads  of  the  county  were  com- 
pleted as  follows: 

“Baltimore  and  Ohio  railroad  to  Clarksburg  in  1856. 

“Monongah  railroad  in  1889. 

“West  Virginia  and  Pittsburgh  railroad  in  1879. 

“Short  Line  railroad  in  1901. 

“Present  Forest  Conditions. — About  80  per  cent  of  the  county 
has  been  cleared  and  is  now  in  a good  state  of  cultivation.  The  re- 
mainder of  the  area  is  in  woodlots  ranging  in  size  from  1 or  2 acres 
up  to  100  acres  or  more.  Woodland  is  more  plentiful  on  the  western 
edge  of  the  county  than  in  other  sections.  Mr.  R.  T.  Lowndes,  of 
Clarksburg,  mentions  a broken  tract  of  about  2,000  acres  of  culled 
forest  lying  on  Indian  run,  a tributary  of  Tenmile  creek  in  the  west- 
ern part  of  the  county.” 


656 


CLAYS,  ROAD  MATERIALS,  ETC. 


CARBON  BLACK  INDUSTRY. 

The  manufacture  of  carbon  black  has  become  quite  an 
important  industry  in  the  Doddridge-Harrrson  area,  since 
there  are  seven  or  eight  plants  engaged  at  that  business. 
According  to  data  furnished  by  the  different  concerns,  it  re- 
quires 700  to  800  cubic  feet  of  natural  gas  to  make  one  pound 
of  carbon  black,  which  in  1910  brought  about  6 cents  a pound. 
A brief  account  will  now  be  given  of  each  plant  in  the  al- 
phabetical order  of  their  names. 

Acme  Carbon  Company. — This  plant  is  located  on  the 
south  side  of  the  railroad,  0.9  mile  east  of  Smithton,  and  was 
established  in  1903.  According  to  information  given  D.  B. 
Reger  by  John  Shewmaker,  Supt.,  the  capacity  is  4,000 
pounds  of  carbon  black  daily,  requiring  700  to  800  cubic  feet 
of  gas  to  one  pound  of  the  manufactured  product.  Employ- 
ment is  furnished  for  6 men.  The  main  office  it  located  at 
Wheeling,  W.  Va.  Use  gas  from  their  own  wells. 

Castle  Brook  Carbon  Black  Company. — This  plant  is  lo- 
cated on  the  south  side  of  the  railroad,  0.6  mile  southeast 
of  Smithton,  and  was  established  in  about  1902  or  1903.  Ac- 
cording to  Harold  Engstrom,  bookkeeper,  employment  is 
furnished  for  10  persons,  giving  the  plant  a daily  output  of 
150  barrels  of  75  pounds  each.  The  product  is  used  for 
printer’s  inks  and  paints.  The  gas  utilized  is  obtained  from 
their  own  wells.  The  main  office  is  located  at  Williamsport, 
Pa. 

Diamond  Carbon  Black,  J.  W.  Beacom. — This  plant  is  lo- 
cated 1.5  miles  east  of  Wilsonburg,  and  was  established  in 
1905.  The  main  office  is  located  at  Randolph,  New  York. 
The  daily  capacity  is  25  barrels  of  50  pounds  each.  Gas 
from  their  own  wells  is  utilized  in  making  the  product. 

Mt.  State  Carbon  Company. — This  plant  is  located  0.5 
mile  northwest  of  'Smithton,  and  was  established  in  1902. 
The  main  office  is  located  at  West  Union,  with  S.  W.  Lang- 
fitt,  Treasurer.  When  running  full,  the  daily  capacity  is  80 
barrels,  but  owing  to  a shortage  of  gas  at  this  time  (Au- 
gust, 1910)  it  is  only  30  barrels. 

Peerless  Carbon  Black  Company. — This  plant  is  located 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


657 


0.5  mile  east  from  Wilsonburg,  and  was  established  in  1901, 
furnishing  employment  for  10  men,  according  to  R.  E.  Sel- 
lers, Manager,  who  refused  to  give  any  data  as  to  the  amount 
of  gas  required  to  make  one  pound  of  carbon  black,  and  the 
daily  capacity  of  the  plant.  The  gas  utilized  comes  from 
their  own  wells. 

Raven  Carbon  Company. — This  plant  is  located  at  Mc- 
Whorter in  the  southern  border  of  Harrison  county.  The 
plant  runs  day  and  night,  furnishing  employment  for  4 men. 
No  data  was  obtained  as  to  the  capacity  of  the  factory.  The 
gas  used  comes  from  their  own  wells. 

Rock  Run  Carbon  Black  Company. — This  plant  is  located 
on  the  south  side  of  the  railroad,  one  mile  northeastward 
from  West  Union,  and  was  established  in  1905.  The  main 
office  is  located  at  Warren,  Pa.  The  daily  capacity  is  8 
barrels  of  50  pounds  each,  giving  employment  for  3 to  5 
men. 

Southern  Carbon  Company. — This  plant  is  located  one 
mile  northeast  of  West  Union  along  the  Balt.  & Ohio  Railroad, 
and  was  established  in  1903.  The  main  office  is  located  at 
Warren,  Pa.,  with  F.  M.  Knapp,  Supt.  The  daily  capacity 
is  30  barrels  of  50  pounds  each. 

At  the  special  request  of  the  State  Geologist,  the  follow- 
ing interesting  paper  on  the  history  and  development  of  the 
carbon  black  industry  has  been  kindly  submitted  by  Mr. 
Godfrey  L.  Cabot,  of  Boston,  Mass.,  one  of  the  early  pion- 
eers of  this  industry  in  West  Virginia: 

The  Manufacture  of  Carbon  Black. 

By  Godfrey  L.  Cabot. 

The  most  important  manufacturing  industry  of  Doddridge  County 
and  one  of  the  important  manufacturing  industries  of  Harrison 
County  is  the  manufacturing  from  natural  gas  of  a species  of  lamp 
black,  known  to  the  trade  throughout  the  civilized  world  as  Carbon 
Black. 

Carbon  Black  is  the  soot  of  natural  gas,  collected  upon  an  iron 
surface  and  thence  removed  by  some  automatic  scraping  device.  The 
black  then  falls  into  conveyor  boxes  which  carry  it  mechanically  to 
a place  where  it  is  raised  into  bins  and  thence  packed  for  market. 

Carbon  Black  was  first  made  from  artificial  gas,  in  a very  small 
way,  for  the  purpose  of  preparing  a gloss  printing  ink,  more  brilliant 


658 


CLAYS,  ROAD  MATERIALS,  ETC. 


than  could  be  obtained  with  any  other  raw  material.  The  pioneers 
were  Messrs.  J.  K.  Wright  & Co.,  who  began  this  kind  of  manufacture 
in  Philadelphia  about  48  years  ago. 

In  the  year  1872,  natural  gas  began  to  be  used  by  Haworth  & 
Lamb  for  this  purpose  at  a place  called  New  Cumber'.nd  in  the  north- 
ern part  of  West  Virginia,  and  the  first  plates  were  made  of  soap- 
stone, which,  however,  were  discarded  for  the  use  of  cast  iron,  in  the 
shape  of  flat  pans,  through  which  water  was  circulated. 

After  the  failure  of  the  gas  in  New  Cumberland,  this  factory  was 
Ultimately  moved  to  Dunkirk,  Ind.,  and  has  long  since  been  broken 
up  for  junk.  The  use  of  water  has  proved,  on  the  whole,  undesirab:e, 
although  tried  by  various  different  companies  and  individuals  and 
with  various  different  forms  of  apparatus. 

The  next  manufacturer  in  point  of  time  was  Mr.  Peter  Neff,  who 
erected  his  factory  at  Gambier,  Ohio.  Neither  of  these  two  original 
factories  ever  reached  a large  output.  The  black  was  sold  at  a very 
high  price  and  gas  at  that  time  was  practically  worthless  throughout 
the  oil  and  gas  regions  for  any  other  purpose  and  gas  wells,  no  mat- 
ter how  large,  could  be  bought  for  the  price  of  the  casing  and  tubing 
in  them.  Nor  was  there  any  difficulty  in  obtaining  territory  or  in  pro- 
tecting what  one  already  had. 

In  the  first  decade,  from  1872  to  1881,  the  price  of  black  ranged 
from  $2.50  a pound  to  about  35  cents  a pound,  averaging  probably 
about  60  cents  a pound.  The  manufacture  was  carried  on  on  a small 
scale  and  in  a manner  very  wasteful  of  gas,  with  comparatively  crude 
appliances  and  cheap  apparatus.  In  the  year  1874,  a factory  was 
erected  at  a place  called  Saxonburg  Station,  Pa.,  now  Cabot,  Pa.,  and 
at  this  point  b’ack  was  manufactured  almost  continuaUy  until  about 
the  year  1907,  which  is  the  longest  that  Carbon  Black  has  yet  been 
made  in  any  one  spot.  This  industry  is,  of  necessity,  a migratory 
industry. 

Natural  gas  is  being  wasted  and  run  into  the  air  in  enormous 
quantity  and  of  quality  suitable  for  making  Carbon  Black,  at  many 
different  points,  and  to  an  amount  far  in  excess  of  all  possible  require- 
ments of  the  world  for  its  supply  of  Carbon  Black. 

The  price  has  always  been  kept  down  by  the  necessity  of  com- 
peting with  cheap  gas  and  as  soon  as  gas  has  ceased  to  be  very  cheap 
in  a given  locality,  the  manufacture  has  become  unremunerative  and 
the  factory  has  been  removed  perforce. 

In  these  early  factories,  the  plates  or  surfaces  on  which  the 
black  was  collected,  were  stationary  and  the  car  which  collected  the 
black  was  moved  back  and  forth  beneath  this  surface,  carrying  with 
it  the  scraper  that  scraped  the  black  from  the  plates. 

In  the  second  decade,  from  1882  to  1891,  most  of  the  factories 
were  erected  in  Pennsylvania  and  various  new  mechanical  devices 
came  into  use  and,  in  particular,  revolving  plates,  some  of  which 
were  24  feet  in  diameter  and  some  on’y  3 feet,  turning  over  station- 
ary burners  and  scraper  box  and  stationary  plates  beneath  which  the 
burner  and  scraper  box  revolved  and  rollers  revolving  over  a row  of 
burners  and  a scraper. 

The  price  of  black  went  steadily  down  and  the  price  of  gas  in- 
creased and  the  average  price  was  perhaps  12  cents  a pound  during 
this  decade. 

Some  manufacturers,  attracted  by  the  immense  fields  of  gas  in 
Indiana,  were  induced  to  build  factories  in  Indiana,  of  which  only 


PLATE  XXV  (a).— Wagner  Quarry  in  Connellsville  Sandstone,  near 
Byron,  Harrison  county. 


PLATE  XXV  (b). — Smith  Quarry  in  Connellsville  Sandstone,  near 
Byron,  Harrison  county. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


659 


one  was  profitable,  that  owned  by  the  Davis  Brothers,  at  Eaton.  Four 
other  enterprises  in  this  field  were  unprofitable  for  various  reasons, 
one  of  which  was  the  very  poor  quality  of  the  gas  for  this  purpose, 
the  yield  and  quality  being  far  inferior  in  proportion  to  the  amount 
of  gas  to  what  was  obtained  in  Pennsylvania. 

In  the  third  decade,  from  1892  to  1901,  the  manufacture  in  Penn- 
sylvania great'y  increased  and  the  industry  sprang  up  again  and  on 
a much  larger  scale  in  its  birth-place,  West  Virginia.  The  principle 
of  reciprocating  surfaces,  thac  is,  the  carbon  black  collecting  surfaces, 
oscillating  back  and  forth  over  the  burners  and  scrapers,  was  intro- 
duced and  became  very  successful.  The  factories  in  which  the  black 
box  was  run  back  and  forth  with  cables,  one  after  another  fell  out  of 
commission.  Various  modifications  of  the  various  principles  already 
mentioned,  came  into  use.  Factories  sprang  up  on  Tug  River  in  West 
Virginia  and  at  Grantsville,  W.  Va.,  ancl  quite  a family  of  factories 
in  the  vicinity  of  Weston  and  another  group  in  the  vicinity  of  West 
Union,  the  County  Seat  of  Doddridge  County.  The  factories  near 
Weston  and  near  West  Union  were  built  largely  during  the  4th 
decade,  from  1902  to  1911. 

The  average  expense  of  obtaining  gas  was  probably  not  much 
more  than  in  the  previous  decade,  owing  to  the  removal  of  the  fac- 
tories from  the  greatly  weakened  fields  of  Pennsylvania  to  the  fresh 
and  prolific  fields  of  West  Virginia,  but  the  price  of  black  further  de- 
clined and  probably  averaged  less  than  6 cents  during  the  third  de- 
cade, and  less  than  5 cents  during  the  fourth  decade. 

We  now  come  more  particularly  to  the  factories  in  Doddridge 
and  Harrison  counties.  These  number  at  the  presenc  time,  five  fac- 
tories in  Doddridge  County  and  three  in  Harrison  County,  all  lying 
along  the  line  of  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad  between  Parkersburg 
and  Clarksburg.  Starting  with  the  west,  you  come  first  to  the  Rock 
Run  and  Southern  Carbon  Company  factories,  about  half  way  between 
West  Union  and  Smithburg.  These  factories  are  built  on  the  principle 
of  the  reciprocating  bench,  which  moves  back  and  forth  with  a recip- 
rocating motion. 

Next  as  you  go  east,  you  reach  the  Mountain  State  Carbon  Com- 
pany factory,  in  which  the  black  is  made  on  stationary  plates  of 
channel  beams  and  the  scraper  oscillates  by  a reciprocating  motion 
between  the  burners  and  the  collecting  surfaces. 

You  then  pass  Smithburg  and  reach  the  factory  of  the  Castle 
Brook  Carbon  Company,  which  was  at  one  time  the  second  largest 
in  the  world,  but  of  which  a part  has  been  moved  away,  owing  to  the 
increased  expense  of  obtaining  gas.  Here,  also,  the  black  is  made  on 
long  benches. 

Next  you  come  to  the  factory  of  the  Acme  Carbon  Company,  in 
which  the  black  is  made  on  plates  3 feet  in  diameter,  revolving  above 
the  scrapers  and  the  burners.  As  you  go  farther  east,  the  next  fac- 
tory encountered  is  that  of  the  Bristol  Oil  & Gas  Company,  near 
Bristol,  W.  Va.,  the  smoke  of  which  can  just  be  seen  for  a moment 
as  you  pass  at  a distance  of  half  a mile  or  so  on  the  railroad.  In  this 
factory  the  black  is  made  on  the  under-surface  of  hollow  channel  cast 
iron  benches,  which  are  cooled  by  an  air  blast.  This  is  the  only  fac- 
tory at  present  operating  with  artificial  cooling,  although  there  is 
still  in  existence,  though  not  running,  a factory,  operated  with  water- 
cooling at  Hallton,  Pa. 

The  black  in  the  Bristol  factory  is  collected  in  reciprocating 


660 


CLAYS,  ROAD  MATERIALS,  ETC. 


black  boxes,  carrying  a scraper  and  discharging  at  one  end  of  the 
building  into  hoods  from  which  the  black  is  withdrawn  by  a screw 
conveyor  and  subsequently  elevated  and  packed. 

Next  going  east,  you  reach  close  to  the  station  of  Wilsonburg  the 
factory  of  the  Peerless  Carbon  Company,  who  make  their  black  on 
rollers,  revolving  over  the  gas  jets  from  which  the  flames  impinge 
upon  the  bottom  of  the  rollers.  Their  black  commands  a higher  price 
for  a certain  quality  of  printing  ink  and  the  factory  has  an  importance 
quite  out  of  proportion  to  its  output. 

The  furthest  east  of  all  the  factories  in  these  two  counties  is  the 
plant  of  Mr.  J.  W.  Beacom,  % mile  or  so  east  of  Wilsonburg,  which  is 
very  similar  to  the  process  used  at  Bristol,  but  the  benches  are  nar- 
rower, the  yield  much  less  in  proportion  to  the  gas  and  there  is  no 
air-cooling. 

All  of  these  factories  in  Doddridge  and  Harrison  counties  consist 
essentially  of  a number  of  rectangular  buildings  of  sheet  iron,  from 
40  to  60  feet  long  and  from  20  to  30  feet  wide,  containing  the  black- 
making machinery,  screw  conveyors  to  carry  the  black  from  these 
various  different  buildings  to  a central  packing-house  and  of  the  pack- 
ing house,  warerooms,  etc.,  therewith  connected. 

Besides  the  factories  above  named,  plants  have  been  recently 
built  at  Clendening,  Creston,  Nancy’s  Run,  Weir,  Chapmanville,  Goose 
Neck,  W.  Va.,  and  at  Henrietta,  Okla.  Also  a second  plant  near 
Grantsville,  W.  Va. 

It  is  become  more  and  more  the  practice  in  the  manufacture  of 
Carbon  Black  to  obtain  supplies  either  from  low  pressure  gas  wells 
which  are  unavailable  for  the  purposes  of  the  large  gas  companies, 
or  to  collect  the  gas  over  a wide  area  from  oil  wells  where  the  gas 
is  wasting  in  the  open  air  and  would  otherwise  be  a total  loss.  Such 
gas  costs  the  manufacturer  more  than  what  he  formerly  obtained  by 
drilling  his  own  wells  in  the  immensely  prolific  fields  of  high  pressure 
gas  which  formerly  existed,  but  it  is  more  advantageous  for  the  com- 
munity that  this  high  pressure  gas  or  such  of  it  as  is  left,  should  be 
chiefly  utilized  for  other  purposes  and  only  that  used  for  Carbon 
Black  manufacture  which  would  not  otherwise  be  applied  to  any  use- 
ful purpose. 

GODFREY  L.  CABOT. 

Boston,  Mass.,  April  22,  1912. 


CHAPTER  XI. 


SOIL  SURVEY  OF  THE  CLARKSBURG  AREA. 

(Doddridge  and  Harrison  Counties) 

By  Charles  N.  Mooney  and  W.  j.  Latimer. 


CLIMATE. 

The  climate  of  Harrison  and  Doddridge  counties  is  tem- 
perate and  salubrious,  and  well  adapted  to  successful  farm- 
ing of  general  crops. 

The  area  is  situated  in  the  midddle  section  of  the  State, 
and  its  climate  is  intermediate  between  that  of  the  Ohio  Val- 
ley section  on  the  west  and  of  the  montainous  plateau  region 
immediately  to  the  east. 

Climatological  observations  for  the  area  are  not  exten- 
sive, the  data  available  being  confined  to  records  taken  at 
Lost  Creek  in  the  southern  part,  of  Harrison  county  and  at 
Central  Station  in  the  western  part  of  Doddridge.  The  rec- 
ords of  the  latter  station  are  incomplete.  The  data  for  these 
stations  are  given  in  the  accompanying  tables.  By  refer- 
ence to  them  it  will  be  seen  that  the  mean  annual  tempera- 
ture for  the  area  is  about  53  ° F.  The  summers  are  com- 
paratively pleasant  and  the  temperature  not  unusually  high, 
the  highest  recorded  being  99°  F.  in  July. 

The  winters,  however,  are  marked  by  extremes,  though 
the  average  seasonal  temperature  for  the  winter  months  is  at 
the  freezing  point.  During  any  of  the  winter  months  the 
temperature  is  liable  at  times  to  go  below  zero,  and  an  abso- 
lute minimum  of  — 35°  has  been  recorded.  Such  extremely 
cold  spells  are  not  common  nor  of  long  duration.  The  snow- 
ball averages  26.7  inches.  As  the  soils  are  generally  of  a 
heavy  character,  their  tilth  is  improved  by  the  freezing  and 


SOILS 


GG2 

thawing,  and  where  it  is  practicable  fall  and  winter  plowing 
is  advisable.  The  average  date  of  last  killing  frost  in  spring 
is  April  29  and  of  the  first  in  autumn  October  2.  Frosts  may 
occur  as  late  as  the  latter  part  of  May,  but  thi's  is  unusual. 
The  season  is  always  long  enough  to  mature  all  the  crops 
grown. 

The  mean  annual  rainfall  amounts  to  43.5  inches,  and 
varies  little  either  way  from  this  average  for  the  wettest  and 
driest  years,  as  is  shown  in  the  table.  The  early  part  of  the 
growing  season  has  the  heaviest  rainfall,  which  lasts  usually 
until  cultivated  crops  have  reached  maturity.  In  the  late 
summer  and  fall  months  the  precipitation  is  considerably  less 
and  droughty  conditions  often  prevail,  making  it  difficult 
to  get  fall-sown  crops,  such  as  grains  and  grasses,  started. 


Normal  Monthly,  Seasonal,  and  Annual  Temperature  and 
Precipitation  at  Lost  Creek. 


Months 


Temperature 

Mean. 

Absolute 

maximum 

Absolute 

minimum 

Precipitation 


Mean, 


Total 

amount  for 
the  driest 
year, 


°F.  | 

°F.  | 

°F.  | Inches.)  Inches. 

Inches.)  Inches. 

December  

34 1 

Ilj 

- I| 

3.7| 

2.5 

2 • 4 1 

5.2 

January  

34 1 

70| 

— 20 1 

3 .1 

2.5 

5.61 

6.4 

February  ...... 

28! 

i 

80| 

i 

— 35 1 

i 

3 . 5 j 

1 

6.5 

1.9, 

5.5 

Winter  .... 

32  . . 

1 

b- 

I 

10. 3|' 

11.5 

| 

9.9 

17.1 

March  

44  j 

81| 

~ 1| 

4.6| 

' 6.6 

7.5} 

6.2 

April  

51[ 

91 1 

2| 

3.3| 

4.0 

2.9 

1.8 

May  

62 1 
i 

93j 

I - 

25| 

4 . 2 1 

i 

3.2 

4.1! 

0.0 

Spring  

52  j . 

1 

-•••••I-' 

...... 1 

1 

12. 1| 

13.8 

14. 5| 

8.0 

June  

69 

97| 

36| 

4 . 1| 

4.2 

1.8| 

0.(1 

July  

73 

99| 

40| 

5 . 7 j 

2.4 

4 . 5| 

0.0 

August  

i 

1 HI 

97| 

i 

41| 

1 

3 . 6| 

2.1 

9.31 

0.0 

1 

Summer 

1 HI* 

1 

I- 

i 

| 

13. 4| 

8.7 

j 

15. 6| 

0.0 

September  .... 

j 66 1 

971 

31| 

2.8] 

1.6 

2.3| 

0.0 

October  

1 55| 

91 1 

1*1 

2 . 0| 

2.2 

t 4-9| 

T. 

November  

i 

1 44| 

78| 

1 

»l 

1 

2.9| 

1 

2.9|  2.6| 

i i 

1.6 

Fall  

| 55*| . 

1 

1-' 

1 

1 

1 

7 . 7 1 

r 1 

6 . 7 1 9 . 8| 

1.6 

Year  

1 5»| 

99 1 

— 35 1 

43. 5|" 

40. 7|  49. 8| 

26.7 

Average  date  of  . last  killing  frost  in 

spring, 

April 

29,  and  of 

first 

Total 

amount  for 
the  wettest 
year. 


Snow 

average 

depth. 


in  autumn,  October  2. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


663 


Normal  Monthly  and  Annual  Temperature  and  Precipitation 
at  Central  Station. 


' Temper-)  Precipita- 
Month.  ature.  | tion. 

Month. 

Temper- 

ature. 

Precipita- 

tion. 

°F.  In. 

| °F. 

In. 

January  

32.7]  3.32 

August 

...)  72.0 

2.97 

February  

29.1  3.06 

September 

. ..)  66.8 

2.75 

March  

43. 8j  3.31 

50 .5) 

October  . . . 

. ..)  54.8 

2.29 

April  

November  . 

...j  41.8 

2.68 

May  

Tnnp 

62.3)  3.53 
69. 8|  4.26 
73.7)  4.24 

December  . 

...|  33.1 

3.38 

July  

Year. ... 

. ..!  52. 51 

3.25 

Mean  Temperature  at  Central  Station1,  Doddridge  County. 

(Record  kept  by  Mr.  G.  W.  Sherwood.) 


Year | Jan.  | Feb.  | Mar.  | Apr.  | May  | June  | July  | Aug.  | Sept  | Oct.  | Nov.  | Dec.  | Avr.  for  Year 


1893  . 

1894  . 

1895  . 

1896  . 
L897  . 

1898  . 

1899  . 

1900  . 

1901  . 

1902  . 

1903  . 

1904  . 

1905  . 

1906  . 

1907  . 

1908  . 

1909  . 

1910  . 

1911  . 


Means 


j |37.2|44.2|58.0|66.2|77 .0|80.0 174.4| 68.4 156.0|41. 4)39.2 1 

|37.5|35.1|. . . .[50.6|63.2|73.7|74.5|73.6|67.9|. . . 

j 1 21 . 2 j |52 .0)59 .9)73 .0)70. 1|70 . 1|71.3| j | | 


i I 1 ! I 1 1 I 1 IDO.Oi^.  J|tfd.U| 

34.6|30.2|37.2|51.2|62.6|70.6|74.3|76.0|71.4|60.6|42.9|33.4|  53.8 

32. 8)25 . 6)42. 4)46. 4|60.8|70.2j77.2|72.9|63.8|53. 7)37. 4|31.0|  51.2 

29. 1)25. 0)42. 9|48. 6)64. 0j66. 7|74.3|68.8|63.6|57.0|49.3|33.4|  51.9 

23. 6|32.7|51.0|50. 0(64. 4|64. 5)72. 2| |64.8|53.8|37.8|25.4|  49.1 

26. 1128.6) 43. 5)47. 4)61. 6|69. 2)70. 8)69. 9|66.8|53.6|39.8|31.8|  50.8 

24. 4|24.1|45. 5)51. 2(62. 9)69. 8|73 . 1)71 .0|64 . 8)53 . 4|40 . 8|35 . 1|  51.3 

37. 0130. 6) 35. 7152. 6|61 . 9|70 . 1|71 . 6)75. 2)69. 0|54.3|42.5|35.0|  53.0 

36. 8|29.8|49. 3)44. 8|57.7|65.0|71.2|68.2|65.2|48. 8)39. 5|34.0|  50.9 

29. 2|30. 6)46. 3[52.9|62 . 9|67 . 9|73 . 2)69 . 6|65 . 1|53 . 4)41. 2|34.6|  52.2 

35. 4|38. 0)39. 1|52.5|59. 8)70. 6)69. 1|69.0|59.6|47.8|48. 2)26. 4|  51.3 

29. 6(29.6147. 8)50. 6|55.4|70.0j71.4!69.0|67. 4)56.4) |26.2| 

35.0)37.0)38 .8|47. 8 164.2|70. 0|72.1|72 .6|67.8|52.8|. ... |37. 4) 

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1— I 1 

31. 6) 30. 4|43.4|50.4|61.8|69.9|73. 0)71. 4|66.5|54.2|42.1|32.6|  52.3 


iThe  climatological  data  for  Central  Station  and  Lost  Creek  was 
kindly  furnished  the  State  Geological  Survey  by  H.  C.  Howe,  Director 
of  the  W.  Va.  Section  of  the  Weather  Bureau,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agricul- 
ture, Parkersburg,  W.  Va. — R.  V.  H. 


6 64 


SOILS 


Monthly  Precipitation  at  Central  Station,  Doddridge  County. 

(Record  kept  by  Mr  G.  W.  Sherwood.) 


iYear 


| Jan.  | Feb.  | Mar.  | Apr.  | May  | June  | July  | Aug.  | Sept.  | Oct.  | Nov.  | Dec.  | Annual 


1891  . 

1892  . 

1893  . 

1894  . 

1895  . 

1896  . 

1897  . 

1898  . 

1899  . 

1900  . 

1901  . 

1902  . 

1903  . 

1904  . 

1905  . 

1906  . 

1907  . 

1908  . 

1909  . 

1910  . 

1911  . 

Means 


|2.60| [ | 1 1 I- - - -| 1 11.68|1.57| [. 

I | | | | j4.37|7.20|1.94|2.91|l.ll|4.07|2.59|. 

3.92|6.70|1.48j5.70|3.37|4.18|3.86|4.90|2.48|4.66j2.62|2.17[ 
4. 09 1 3. 57 1 2. 50 1 2. 68  [4. 02 1 4. 15 10. 65 12. 64 1 2. 42|  1.90 1 2. 97 14. 14 1 
| |2 . 39|2 . lOjO..  7912 . 62|3 . 68|1 . 44| j j j j, 


46.04 

3e>  .13 


|....|, 


I 1 


, . , !••••! — I — !• 

. . I — | .....  j — | — | — j . 

..' j.-..  .|1.68|1.57|3.11|. 

30 ,2.09|0.55|1.78j4.87|1.76| 
87j3.91|4. 23|0. 7812. 81|4.67| 
13|2 . 36|3 . 68 1 1 . 44]3. 29|5 . 64| 
70i2.50|2.05|3.00|3.51|2.17| 
78|1. 69|1 . 65|1.19|0.36|3.37| 
56|4 . 30]2 . 79|7 .02|3. 57|3 . 51| 
32|4.72|2.76|1.86]2.34|4.51| 
22j4.32|6.88|2.50|3.24|3.51| 
79|1.82|0.59|1.49|0.80|2.80| 
07|4.84|2.77|2.03j0.89|2.17|. 
84|2 . 95]4 . 79|1 . 46]2 . 22[2 . 24 1 
53|7.72|4.55|5.28|2.05|1.79| 

I 1 1 1 ! 1- 


1 jf.  . .) 1 1 {.. 

2.60|3.77|3.37|1.08|3.41|4.60!5. 
2.00|0.61|3.36|0.86|5.26|4.29|3. 
3 . 4 5 1 2 . 08 13 . 00|3 . 47)2 . 9S|6 . 99(4 . 
2.09[6.48|4.00|4.84|5.23|4.22|3. 
2.27|1.92|3.37|2.56|1.99|6.07|2. 
3 . 19|2 . 20|3 . 89|2 . 63|4. 27|2 . 86|3 . 
3.60  1.40|3.98|3.18|2.00|4.58!3. 
7.94  1 . 77|3 . 09j2 . 73j3 . 28|4. 54|7 . 
|2.113.16|5.30[3.33|5.72|1.93|5. 

|3 . 17|5 . 14[2 . 43 |5.71|6.47|3: 

6 . 50|3 . 51|0 . 19|2 . 67]4. 75j2 .5213 . 
4 . 09  jl . 22 1 2 . 19|3.47|1.64|1.92j3 . 

— I 1 1 ! 1 1- 


35.18 

44.67 

42.51 

43.79 

29.22 

43.79 

38.25 

51.02 

34.84 

37.63 

39.55 


|3.57|3.11|2.97J2>  95|3.63|4.14|4.09|3.38|3.01|2.40|2.51|3.13|  38.89 


Monthly  Snowfall  at  Central  Station,  Doddridge  County. 

(Record  kept  by  Mr.  G.  W.  Sherwood.) 


Year 


| Jan.  | Feb,  | Mar.  | Apr.  | May  | June  | July  | Aug.  | Sept.  | Oct.  | Nov.  | Dec.  | Annual 


1893  |15.0j  3 . 0 1 6.0]  T. 

1894  | |19.0|. | T. 

1895  

1896  

1897  | | I ....  | 

1898  

1899  J I ! S 1 

1900  | 3.0]10.5[11.8|  T.  | 

1901  | 9 . 0|  3 . 0 1 2 . 0|  T.  | 

1902  j 11 . 5 1 3 . 8 1 13 . 5 j 11 . 0 1 

1903  | 7.3|  7 . 0[  T.  | T.  | 

1904  | 9 . 8 1 8 . 8 1 2 . 0|  2.0) 

1905  |20 . 0 1 5.5|  1.0|  T.  | 

1906  | 6.5  6 . 5 1 1 4 . 0 1 T.  j 

1907  j 5 . 2 j 8 . oj  1.0|  4 . 0 1 ....  j 

1908  | 6 . 2 j 5 . 2|  2 . 0|  T.  |....| 

1909  | 8.5[  2 . 0|  T.  | T.  | 

1910  |18.0|14.5|  T.  | 


| 0 . 9 1 0 . 2 1 . 
. . 1 14 . 0| , 


T. 


T. 
1 * 0 1 . . . 


1911  | 8.01  3.8|  1.0]  1.0| 


Average 


9.8|  7.2]  4.2]  1.4]  T.  |, 


■■I- 


....1 

T.  | 5.0] 

0 j 

5.0]  0 . 2| 

0 I 

5.0|  4.5] 

0 I 

0.2|11.0| 

0 I 

2.9]  9.2| 

0 ] 

T.  I 9.2| 

0 I 

T.  | 2.3| 

1.5| 

1 . 0]  3.8 

T.  1 

T.  | 6.0 

0 1 

4.5]  5.2] 

T.  | 

T.  |10.5| 

..0  |. 

, . . . ]12.8] 

•I  T.  I . 


I 0.1|  1.6|  6.4|  30.7 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


665 


Mean  Temperature  at  Lost  Creek,  Harrison  County. 

(Record  kept  by  Mr.  Allen  Smith.) 


Year 


| Jan.  i Feb  | Mar.  | Apr.  | May  | June  | July  | Aug.  I Sept.  | Oct.  | Nov  | Dec.  | Avr,  for  Year 


1897 

1898 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 


,| | | j | | | 168.6|64.3|56.2|43.4|37.4|. 

. |37. 6j31.6  48. 7|48.8|61.2|70.4|75.2|72.9|67.3[54.6|40.4|32.8| 

. |33 ,4|25 .4|43. 4|52 .2|62.9|70.5|71 .4|72 . 8|63 .2|55 . Ij45. 1|32 .8| 
.!34.4:31.0|37.3|50.5j61.0|69.2!71.8j75.3|68.2|60.4|49.4|32.1| 
|34.0|25.6|42.3|45.8|59.8|70.8|77.9|72.0|64.0|53.1j36.3|31.2| 
j29 . 9)24. 6[42 . 9|48 . 6|63 . 9|66 . 0|73.4[66 . 9|63 . 4|56 . 4j48 . 8|33 ,5j 
.|32.0|32.6|50.6j50.4|62.6|62.9|7Q.5|69.2|62.4|52.7|37.4|26.6| 

|25.4|29.4|43.2|42.9|59.4|67.2| [69 . 6|66.5|56. 6|37 . 0|28 .4[' . 

.|22. 7)24. 6|43.2|49.4|62.4|67.4|71. 8(69.4164. 2|52. 3|40.1|35.1[ 
,|40.0|31. 8(38. 4|53.8|62.1|70. 4172. 0|76.0|70. 0154. 6|43.7|36.6| 

, |39 . 0j31 . 2|50. 4|45 . 2|58 . 0|64 . 6|72 . 2|68 . 5|65 . 6|49 .0|40 . 6|35.1| 
,|30.8|31.5|47.7j54.0|62.6|68.0|73.8|70.7|65.6|53.6|42.2|35.8| 
,j37.8!40.3|40.3|52.1j66.0j70.4j70.0|70.9|64.4|49.6[49.1|28.8| 

, |32.6|32.4j49.2j52.7|56.7|66.0j73.7|70.2|67 .4|58.0|36.2|28.4| 

, 1 37. 2 1 37. 8 1 39. 8 [48. 2 1 64.0 1 69. 4 [72.0 j 74.1  [67. 7 1 55. 4-| 38.8 138.0| 


53.5 

52.4 

53.4 

51.1 

51.5 

50.8 

50.2 
54.1 

51.6 

53.0 

52.8 

52.0 
53.5 


Means 


I 1- 


[32 . 6|30 .7|44 . 1|49 . 6|61 . 2|68 . 1|72 .7|71 .1|65 . 6|54 . 5 41 . 9j32 .8|  52.1 


Monthly  Precipitation  at  Lost  Creek,  Harrison  County. 

(Record  kept  by  Mr.  Allen  Smith.) 


vear  | Jan.  | Feb.  | Mar.  | Apr.  | May  | June  ! July  | Aug.  | Sept.  | Oct.  | Nov.  | Dec.  | 

1896  |1. 3912. 47|4.07|3.18|4.43|5.53|14.10|2. 2014. 90|1.59|2.85|L97[ 

1897  jl.85|4.65|3. 21(3. 22|3. 54(4. 07|  7.03|3.59|0.49|0.31|3.78|4.87| 

1898  j5.55|1.92|7.50|2.93|4.07jl.77|  4.47[9.33[2.89|4.89j2.59[2.37| 

1899  [5 . 51[4 . 28|5 .59|1 . 79|6 .00(4 . 17|  6.31|2.39|3.37|0.88|2.79|3.75| 

1900  |2 . 93(4 . 79[3 . 67 11  * 39 j 3 . 0 8 j 4 . 65 1 4.61|2.50|0.75|3.90|2.54|1.70J 

1901  1 2 . 13 jo . 62  3.06|7.48|5.56|2.50|  " ! ‘ _ 

3. 0712.76)6. 47,6. 55| 

6 . 5914 . 00|3 . 17[4 . 21] 


|3 . 15(2. 61 
!2. 6116. 51 


o.33|4.56|3.75|0.12|2.96|5.38| 
3.27|2.01|4.80j2.37j2.75j6.88| 
2. 40  j 2. 14  jl.  65  j2. 33  j 2. 91 1 2. 46 1 


1902  

1903  

1904  |4.26[3.37|3.88|4.39|3.95|4.54j  2.00|1.91|0.43|1.80|0.26|2.77| 

1905  [3 .35[2 .27(6.34(3 . 10|7.70[3 .41|  4.14|4.06|2.43|6.30|2.57|3.36| 

1906  |4.36|2.33|5. 5115. 21|3. 12(5. 20|  2.80|6.45|3.51|1.64j3.02|4.74 

1907  |8.04|2.73j4.10|1.97|4.87|3.97|  8.68|6.27|3.22|2.34|3.52|4.03| 

1908  11.91(3 .83 17. 73(3.74 19 .30 12.72|  2.97|3.35|1.21|1.15|1.09|2.86| 

1909  !3.27!4.50j2.88|5.48j3.39[7.88j  5.52|4.03|2.94(3.28|0.93|2.36| 

1910  |6.32|2.43|0.28|1.66|4.13|3.5lj  3.99|4.07|5.16jl.55|1.84|2.04| 

1911  14.7211. 09|3. 10|4.16j0. 40(3. 88|  1 -75[8 . 08(6 . 15|4 . 76|2 . 09j3 . 27j 

| 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1- 

Means  ..  . |3.83!3.15j4.41|3.53|4 .57|4.27|  4.84|4.18|2.9S|2.45|2.4lj3.43| 


Annual 

48.68" 

40.61 

50.28 

46.83 

36.51 

41.45 
43.69 

40.88 
33.56 
49.03 

47 . 89 
53.74 
41.86 

46.46 
36.98 
43.45 


44.05 


SOILS 


666 


Monthly  Snowfall  at  Lost  Creek,  Harrison  County. 

(Record  kept  by  Mr.  Allen  Smith.) 


Year  | Jan.  | Feb.  | Mar.  | Apr.  | May 

1896  j. | |19.5[  0 | 0 

1897  | 3.0|.  — | 1 . 5|  0 | 0 

1898  | 3 . 5 1 3.0|  0 | 3|0|  0 

1899  | 8 . 8jl2 . 0|  3.5|  l.Oj  0 

1900  I 3 . 0 1 5 . Oj  10 . 0|  T.  | 0 

1901  |10.0|  2.4|  2 . 5 1 0 | 0 

1902  j 10 . 8|  2 . 8 1 12 . 2 1 10 . 0|  0 

1903  | 5.5  7.5  T.  | T.  | 0. 

1904  ! 5.0|  6.3|  2.0  2.0|  0 

1905  j 2 0 . 0 1 ....  | 0 | 0 . 5 1 0 

1906  j 4 . 5|  9.0|16.5|  T.  | T. 

1907  | 3 . 0 1 6. 5|  1.0]  2 . 0|  0 

1908  | 8 . 5 1 4 . 0 1 1.0|  T.  j 0 

1909  | 4 . 0|  2 . 5 1 T.  | 2.0|  T. 

1910  | 9 . 8 1 13 . 0 1 T.  | 0 . 5 1 0 

1911  | 3.5|  4 . 8|  0.8|  T.  | 0 

! 1 1 1 1 


Means  ..  . .|  6.8|  6.1!  4.4|  1 . 3 1 T. 


June  | July  | Aug.  | Sept.  | Oct.  | Nov.  | Dec.  | Annual 

0 I T.  j 

0 | 5 .0| 

3.8|10.5| . 

T.  | 3 . 0 j 

2-0|  T.  [ 

5.2]  3.0] 

T.  |10.5| 

1.5  9.5] 

T.  | 6.5] 

T.  | 2.0] 

1.5|  1.5] 

T.  j 3 . 0 1 

4.5|  6 . 0 1 

T.  j 6 . 8| 

1 . 5 j 9 . 2| 

T.  j 0.5] 

—I ! 


I 1 


I 1 


I 1 


'!••••! 


I — I 


o 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

T. 

T. 

0 

0 

T. 

0 

0 

i o 

I 1.0 
0 


AGRICULTURE. 


The  early  settlers  paid  little  attention  to  agriculture. 
Their  main  food  crop  was  corn,  of  which  they  tried  to  pro- 
duce a sufficient  quantity  for  home  consumption. 

Live-stock  raising  dates  back  to  the  settlement  of  the 
region,  sheep  being  bred  for  wool  and  cattle  for  beef  and  tal- 
low. The  stock  were  turned  loose  to  forage  for  themselves 
and  found  abundant  sustenance  in  the  wild  pea  vines  grow- 
ing in  the  woods. 

Sheep  raising  proved  particularly  profitable  to  the  early 
settlers,  climatic  conditions  being  favorable  and  the  output 
easily  and  conveniently  marketed  at  points  outside  the  area. 
Cattle  were  sold  at  outside  markets  on  the  hoof,  Baltimore 
taking  most  of  the  output  of  the  region.  By  1890  this  in- 
dustry had  grown  to  a considerable  volume,  lambs  being  ship- 
ped extensively  to  outside  markets,  in  addition  to  wool  and 
beef. 

The  development  of  agriculture  was  slow,  keeping  pace 
with  the  extension  of  the  settlements.  No  effort  was  made 
to  maintain  the  productiveness  of  the  fields,  which  when  ex- 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  667 

hausted  were  soon  seeded  naturally  to  bluegrass,  making 
excellent  pasture. 

The  growing  of  small  grains  had  acquired  considerable 
importance  by  1870,  wheat,  oats,  and  rye  being  the  most  im- 
portant crops.  This  continued  up  to  1900,  although  the  rapid 
increase  in  population  made  the  output  barely  sufficient  for 
home  consumption. 

Tobacco  was  grown  to  the  extent  of  17,098  pounds  in 
Harrison  county  and  17,568  pounds  in  Doddridge  county, 
according  to  the  census  of  1870,  most  of  which  was  for  home 
consumption.  Since  that  time  its  cultivation  has  gradually 
decreased,  except  for  small  patches. 

The  development  of  the  oil  and  gas  resources  of  the  two 
counties,  which  began  soon  after  1890,  has  taken  much  atten- 
tion from  the  farms.  The  labor  has  gone  into  this  field  and 
owners  of  lands  have  curtailed  their  farming  operations,  de- 
pending more  upon  the  royalties  and  rentals  they  receive, 
which  far  exceed  farm  profits.  The  agriculture  of  the  two 
counties  may  be  said  to  be  practically  at  a standstill.  The 
exhaustion  of  some  of  the  oil  and  gas  deposits  has  made  it 
necessary  for  many  to  return  to  their  farming.  Agriculture 
is  confined  at  present  to  the  staple  crops  in  the  valleys  and 
pasture  lands  on  the  steep  hillsides.  Corn  is  the  staple  crop 
of  both  counties,  but  its  production  is  not  equal  to  the  re- 
quirements of  the  farms.  Wheat  and  oats  are  grown,  the 
production,  according  to  the  census  of  1900,  being  higher  than 
ever  before.  The  census  of  1870  shows  some  buckwheat,  but 
no  mention  of  this  crop  is  made  in  subsequent  reports.  The 
present  production  is  limited  to  a few  scattered  patches. 
The  acreage  in  grasses  for  hay  is  slightly  greater  than  that 
used  for  corn  in  Doddridge  county,  while  in  Harrison  county 
the  acreage  in  grass  is  more  than  twice  that  given  to  corn. 
In  Doddridge  county  the  average  yield  of  hay  is  shown  by 
the  Twelfth  Census  to  be  1 ton  to  the  acre.  In  Harrison 
it  is  somewhat  larger,  owing  to  the  better  adaptation  of  the 
limestone  soils  and  of  the  bottom-land  types  influenced  by 
these  soils  to  the  grasses.  Timothy  is  the  principal  grass  cut 
for  hay,  although  clover  is  often  grown  with  it.  Some  blue- 
grass  is  also  cut.  The  acreage  in  permanent  pastures  is  not 


SOILS 


C.U8 

given,  but  is  relatively  high,  as  the  larger  part  of  the  cleared 
hilly  lands  are  used  for  grazing.  Bluegrass  seeds  naturally 
on  most  of  the  soils,  but  does  particularly  well  on  the  lime- 
stone land,  the  Westmoreland  silty  clay  loam,  and  the  red 
areas  of  the  Upshur  clay.  Upon  the  other  soils  derived  from 
gray  and  brown  shales  and  sandstones  bluegrass  does  not  do 
so  well,  its  life  being  short,  on  the  average  not  more  than 
10  years.  At  the  end  of  this  period  it  is  generally  necessary 
to  return  to  cultivated  crops  and  then  reseed.  When  the  blue- 
grass begins  to  run  out  the  native  wild  grasses  and  broom 
sedge  come  in,  and  while  these  make  pasturage  they  are  mu*  h 
less  valuable  than  bluegrass. 

On  the  limestone  lands  in  Harrison  county  the  bluegrass 
holds  better  and  grazing  cattle  is  the  most  important  part  of 
the  agriculture.  The  comparatively  large  extent  of  the  lime- 
stone lands  in  Harrison  county  has  made  it  one  of  the  lead- 
ing grazing  counties  of  the  State. 

Until  quite  recently  the  cattle  were  practically  all  of 
grade  stock.  Progressive  cattlemen  have  recently  introduced 
improved  strains  of  the  Hereford  and  Shorthorn  breeds,  the 
former  being  the  most  popular.  Besides  the  stock  raised  on 
the  farms,  considerable  numbers  are  brought  in  from  outside 
sections.  Pocahontas  county  supplies  the  greater  part  of 
these,  but  some  are  obtained  from  Ohio  and  even  from  the 
West.  Where  young  cattle  are  taken  they  are  fed  through 
the  winter  months  on  the  hay  cut  on  the  farm  and  with  grain. 
One  to  two  seasons  put  the  cattle  in  prime  condition.  Those 
not  used  for  local  consumption  are  shipped  to  Pittsburgh  or 
Baltimore  markets  and  even  exported  to  Europe. 

Every  farmer  keeps  cows  for  the  home  supply  of  milk 
and  butter,  and  there  are  numerous  dairies  around  Clarks- 
burg, which  are  inadequate  to  supply  the  local  demand.  The 
Jersey  is  the  favorite  dairy  breed,  though  there  are  some 
Holsteins.  The  latter  are  gradually  displacing  the  grade 
stock. 

Sheep  are  to  be  found  scattered  over  the  county  a few  on 
a farm,  there  being  no  large  flocks.  The  objtct  is  production 
of  spring  lambs.  The  rough  lands  are  better  adapted  to 
sheep  than  to  larger  animals.  Sheep  raising  is  said  to  be 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  669 

profitable  and  an  extension  of  the  industry  would  seem  to 
be  warranted.  The  objection  to  sheep  is  that  they  crop  the 
grass  too  closely.  This  could  be  remedied  by  giving  flocks 
a larger  range.  The  droppings  of  the  sheep  do  much  to  fer- 
tilize the  pastures.  No  particular  effort  is  made  to  maintain 
a certain  breed.  The  Cotswold  and  Shropshires  are  most 
common. 

Hogs  are  raised  on  most  farms,  but  not  more  than 
enough  to  supply  the  family  needs  for  pork  and  lard. 

Rotation  of  crops  is  not  strictly  followed,  except  on  the 
uplands,  where  the  pastures  are  givinig  out  and  it  is  desired 
to  reseed  them.  The  steep  slopes  can  .not  be  kept  for  any 
length  of  time  in  cultivated  crops  on  account  of  washing. 
Where  sod  land  is  plowed  the  roots  will  hold  the  soil  for 
two  corn  crops,  which  should  be  followed  either  by  wheat  or 
oats,  sown  with  timothy  and  clover  or  bluegrass.  The  hay 
crop  is  cut  as  long  as  the  yields  warrant  it,  and  in  the  mean- 
time the  bluegrass  has  come  in  and  the  land  is  turned  to 
pasture.  In  harvesting  the  hay  crop  the  hay  is  put  into  small 
stacks  at  convenient  points  in  the  fields  and  fenced  around 
so  that  cattle  can  be  pastured.  A great  waste  of  hay  results 
from  exposure  to  the  weather.  Rarely  are  there  hay  barns  or 
sheds  on  the  farms. 

On  the  slopes  contour  cultivation  is  necessarily  followed. 
There  are  many  hillsides  where  the  shelf  lands  are  in  cereal 
crops,  while  the  steeper  slopes  are  under  grass.  This  is  a 
practice  to  be  commended. 

The  manure  made  on  the  farm  is  applied  generally  to  the 
valley  fields  very  rarely  being  used  on  the  upland  slopes. 
Grass  lands  very  rarely  receive  any  fertilization. 

A few  years  ago  commercial  fertilizers  were  used  for  the 
different  crops,  but  the  practice  has  been  discontinued  en- 
tirely. Pastures  could  be  greatly  improved  and  rejuvenated 
by  applications  of  phosphatic  fertilizers  and  some  form  of 
lime.  Applications  of  ground  phosphate  rock  (floats)  and 
slag,  as  well  as  acid  phosphate,  would  much  improve  the  soil, 
while  frequent  applications  of  finely  ground  limestone  would 
prove  of  great  benefit. 

In  fields  so  situated  as  to  make  the  hauling  and  applica- 


070 


SOILS 


tion  of  barnyard  manure  difficult,  green  manuring  is  recom- 
mended. The  best  crops  for  this  purpose  are  the  legumes, 
which  include  clover,  vetch,  cowpeas  and  soy  beans.  There 
is  little  or  no  attempt  on  the  part  of  the  farmers  to  make  or 
save  barnyard  manure. 

There  has  been  little  change  for  a number  of  decades 
past  in  the  size  of  the  farms  in  the  two  counties-.  The  aver- 
age in  Harrison  county  is  116.7  acres  and  in  Doddridge  coun- 
ty 107.6  (Twelfth  Census).  It  is  further  shown  from  the 
same  source  that  in  Harrison  county  81.5  per  cent  of  the 
farms  are  operated  by  the  owners  and  in  Doddriddge  county 
75.7  per  cent.  Renting  is  not  a common  practice,  the  terms 
of  rental  varying  with  circumstances. 

Under  present  conditions  little  farm  labor  is  required, 
except  at  harvest  time.  Tabor  is  scarce  and  commands  high 
wages,  owing  to  the  demand  for  hands  in  the  oil  and  gas 
fields.  The  coal  mines  and  unskilled  labor  of  the  mills  do 
not  draw  upon  the  farms,  as  this  work  is  all  done  by  immi- 
grants, who  seldom  go  to  the  farms.  Not  only  have  land 
values  risen  because  of  the  presence  of  oil  or  gas  or  work- 
able seams  of  coal,  but  even  the  ground  leases  have  increased. 
Values  range  from  $10  for  rough,  hilly  farm  to  $100  and  more 
an  acre  for  the  desirable  farms. 

As  has  been  intimated  previously,  the  sale  of  coal  rights 
and  the  royalties  and  rentals  for  oil  and  gas  rights  have  put 
many  of  the  landowners  in  easy  financial  circumstances.  The 
result  is  that  good  houses  are  being  built  even  in  most  re- 
mote sections  and  the  surroundings  generally  improved,  re- 
sulting in  an  appearance  of  prosperity  often  not  at  all  in  keep- 
ing with  the  character  of  the  land. 

While  interest  is  largely  centered  on  the  development 
of  the  mineral  resources,,  there  is  ample  opportunity  for  suc- 
cessful agriculture  along  a number  of  lines.  . As  so  much  of 
the  land  is  best  suited  to  grazing,  this  industry  should  be  de- 
veloped. Efifort  should  be  made  to  improve  the  pastures, 
which,  with  an  increase  in  grain  crops,  would  enable  more 
cattle  to  be  kept  on  the  same  land,  while  the  area  of  the  pas- 
tures should  be  extended  wherever  practicable.  Sheep  rais- 
ing, with  lambs  for  market,  could  also  be  more  generally  ta- 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


671 


ken  up.  The  local  demands  for  dairy  products  would  warrant 
the  further  extension  of  dairying,  especially  near  the  towns 
and  mines.  Poultry  raising  would  for  some  be  a profitable 
venture.  Vegetables  are  in  such  demand  that  trucking  could 
be  profitably  specialized.  Considerable  development  could  be 
made  along  this  line  without  affecting  the  market.  The  ter- 
race soils  along  the  West  Fork  river  in  the  vicinity  of  Clarks- 
burg and  below  near  the  mining  settlements  are  suitable  for 
truck  crops.  Small  fruits  would  also  succeed,  on  these  soils 
and  would  find  a ready  market. 

There  is  also  an  opportunity  for  commercial  orcharding 
in  the  area,  particularly  in  the  production  of  apples,  on  the 
accessible  hillsides.  The  trees  must  be  carefully  tended  and 
spraying  would  be  necessary.  Eastern  and  northern  expos- 
ures should  be  selected. 

Finally,  but  not.  the  least  in  importance,  there  is  oppor- 
tunity for  successful  and  profitable  forestry.  Much  of  the 
tougher  lands  could  be  reforested  and  handled  systematically. 
The  growing  of  locust  for  posts  may  be  suggested  as  a profit- 
able source  of  income.  This  tree  grows  everywhere  on  the 
hillsides.  The  original  forest  growth  was  removed  rather 
destructively  and  comparatively  little  revenue  obtained,  but 
from  the  present  forested  areas  and  those  that  might  and 
should  be  reforested  a considerable  income  may  be  expected 
in  a reasonable  time. 


SOILS. 

Exclusive  of  areas  of  rough  stony  land,  11  types  of  soil 
were  encountered  in  Harrison  and  Doddridge  counties. 
These  may  be  divided  into  two  classes  according  to  origin — 
residual  soils  and  transported  or  sedimentary  soils.  The  first 
named  include  the  upland  types  and  the  transported  or  sedi- 
mentary soils  the  first-bottom  and  terrace  soils  of  the  valleys. 

The  residual  upland  soils  cover  approximately  90  per 
cent  of  the  area  surveyed.  They  are  largely  of  a silty  texture 
cn  the  surface,  with  clay  loam,  silty  clay  loam,  and  clay  be- 
neath. Texturally  they  are  all  very  similar,  the  difference 
being  largely  in  color  and  agricultural  value,  as  determined 


SOILS 


"672 

mainly  by  the  kind  of  rocks  from  which  they  are  derived  and 
by  their  general  topography. 

The  rock  formations,  of  carboniferous  age  and  sedimen- 
tary origin,  comprise  a great  variety  of  shales,  sandstones 
and  limestones,  carrying  seams  of  coal.  The  materials  form- 
ing these  rocks  were  laid  down  horizontally,  but  with  the 
uplifting  of  the  land  the  beds  were  folded  or  arched.  Sub- 
sequent erosion  of  these  folds  has  exposed  in  different  places 
sections  of  the  different  strata  aggregating  over  2,000  feet. 
The  formations  have  been  separated  and  correlated.  They 
form  the  upper  three  of  the  five  geological  divisions  of  the 
Upper  Carboniferous.  From  the  top  of  the  most  recent  stra- 
tum downward  they  are,  in  order  of  succession,  the  Dun- 
kard,  Monongahela  and  Conemaugh. 

The  Dunkard  series  has  an  estimated  thickness  of  1,135 
feet,  and  its  outcrop  covers  all  of  Doddridge  and  the  western 
part  of  Harrison  county.  It  is  composed  of  a series  of  gray 
and  brown  shales  and  sandstones,  in  which  thin  beds  of  red 
shales  and  shaly  limestones  occur. 

The  weathering  of  the  Dunkard  series  of  rocks  gives 
rise  to  three  soil  types.  The  principal  type  is  the  Meigs  clay 
loam,  the  most  extensive  soil  in  the  area.  Owing  to  the  num- 
ber of  rocks  entering  into  its  formation,  this  type  is  variable  in 
character,  including  grayish,  light-brown,  and  Indian-red 
soils.  Areas  of  the  Indian-red  clay,  which  is  derived  from 
red  shale,  where  large  enough  to  map,  were  separated  under 
the  name  of  Upshur  clay. 

The  intermingling  of  the  red  Upshur  material  with  the 
grayish  soil  derived  from  the  lighter-colored  shales  and  sand- 
stones constitutes  one  of  the  conspicuous  variations  in  the 
Meigs  clay  loam.  The  topography  of  the  Meigs  clay  loam  is 
in  the  main  steep  and  broken,  making  the  type  useful  for  lit- 
tle but  grazing  and  forestry. 

The  Dekalb  silt  loam  occurs  on  the  level  tops  of  ridges 
and  their  spurs.  This  type  is  derived  from  sandstones  and 
some  shales  which  have  resisted  weathering  to  the  extent  of 
standing  usually  as  the  caps  of  ridges.  Areas  of  the  Dekalb 
silt  loam  are  found  over  the  Monongahela  and  Conemaugh 
formations  as  a result  of  like  conditions.  The  soil  is  one  of 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


673 


only  ordinary  productive  power,  and  rather  poorly  adapted 
to  grass. 

In  the  western  part  of  Doddridge  county  there  occurs  a 
type — the  Upshur  silt  loam — which  differs  from  the  Dekalb 
silt  loam  in  having  a red  clay  stratum  in  the  lower  subsoil. 
This  represents  material  derived  from  red  shale. 

The  strata  of  the  Dunkard  series  rise  gradually  to  the 
east  in  the  eastern  portion  of  the  area  and  have  been  eroded 
sufficiently  to  uncover  the  formations  included  in  the  Mon- 
ongahela  and  Conemaugh.  The  upper  part  of  the  Mononga- 
hela  is  of  the  same  character  as  the  Dunkard ; that  is,  it  con- 
sists of  gray  and  brown  shales  and  sandstones  with  some  in- 
terbedded  red  shales.  These  strata  give  areas  of  the  Meigs 
clay  loam.  They  occupy  the  sharp,  wooded  peaks  of  the  hills 
and  ridges  in  the  limestone  sections  of  Harrison  county. 
Only  the  upper  100  feet  of  the  Monongahela  formation  is  of 
this  character.  The  remaining  280  feet,  as  well  as  the  upper 
part  of  the  Conemaugh  formation,  consist  largely  of  inter- 
bedded  limestones  and  calcareous  shales,  giving  rise  to  the 
limestone  lands  of  this  section  of  the  State.  The  material, 
which  is  predominantly  silty,  has  been  given  the  name  West- 
moreland silty  clay  loam. 

The  Conemaugh  outcrops  occur  only  in  the  eastern  part 
of  Harrison  county,  where  they  are  brought  to  the  surface  by 
the  Chestnut  Ridge  anticline  or  fold.  The  total  thickness  of 
the  outcrop  is  495  feet. 

Below  the  Clarksburg  limestone,  which  represents  es- 
sentially the  base  of  the  interbedded  limestone,  shale  and 
sandstone  strata  giving  rise  to  the  Westmoreland  soil,  the 
limestones  and  red  shales  are  thin  and  unimportant,  so  that 
the  soil  is  largely  the  weathered  product  of  gray  and  brown 
shales  and  sandstones.  These  represent  the  Dekalb  silty  clay 
loam,  a grayish  clay  loam  to  silty  clay  loam,  underlain  b) 
light-yellow  clay  loam  or  clay. 

Along  the  West  Fork  river  and  its  tributaries  flat  eroded 
terraces  are  developed.  These  are  occupied  by  two  distinct 
soil  types — the  Elk  silt  loam  and  the  Tyler  silt  loam.  Al- 
though of  relatively  small  total  area,  these  soils  are  valuable 
agricultural  types.  It  is  believed  that  the  material  giving 


674 


SOILS 


rise  to  these  soils  was  deposited  by  water  impounded  by  ice 
dams.  With  the  removal  of  the  ice  barriers  the  streams  be- 
gan to  cut  deeper  channels,  and  erosion  became  active  over 
the  terraces.  As  a result  the  terraces  in  some  places  now 
stand  150  feet  above  the  stream  level.  In  many  places  they 
have  suffered  from  erosion  sufficiently  to  be  quite  rolling  in 
character.  The  material  entering  into  the  composition  of 
these  soils  is  derived  largely  from  the  Westmoreland  silty 
clay  loam. 

The  important  difference  between  the  Elk  silt  loam  and 
the  Tyler  silt  loam  is  one  of  drainage.  The  latter  has  the 
poorer  drainage  and  is  slightly  lighter  colored,  with  a ten- 
dency to  mottling.  The  subsoil  is  also  more  plastic.  The 
Elk  silt  loam  is  quite  similar  in  general  appearance  to  the 
Dekalb  silt  loam,  but  differs  in  that  it  is  sedimentary  in  ori- 
gin and  a more  productive  soil.  In  places  some  residual  ma- 
terial from  the  underlying  rocks,  principally  shale  and  sand- 
stone enters  into  the  composition  of  the  lower  subsoil.  Lime- 
stone also  occasionally  underlies  this  type. 

Along  Middle  Island  creek,  its  tributaries,  and  a number 
of  other  streams  in  that  portion  of  the  area  outside  the  limits 
of  the  Westmoreland  silty  clay  loam  is  developed  a terrace 
soil  quite  similar  in  general  appearance  and  topography  to 
the  Elk  silt  loam.  The  material  of  this  soil,  the  Holston  silt 
loam,  is  derived  largely  from  the  Dekalb  and  Meigs  soils. 
The  type  is  less  productive  than  the  Elk  silt  loam,  as  would 
be  expected,  since  limestone  material  does  not  enter  into  its 
composition. 

Narrow  first  bottoms  are  found  along  all  the  creeks  and 
stream  branches  of  the  area.  They  are  of  alluvial  origin, 
being  transported  sediments  deposited  over  flood  plains  of 
the  streams  during  overflows.  These  first-bottom  soils  are 
influenced  to  a greater  or  less  extent  by  the  wash  from  the 
adjoining  upland  slopes.  Where  the  materials  are  markedly 
affected  by  wash  from  the  red  shale  soils,  the  soil  has  a red- 
dish color.  Such  areas  were  classified  as  the  Moshannon  silt 
loam.  This  type  occurs  along  the  streams  in  Doddridge  and 
western  Harrison  counties.  The  other  first-bottom  type  is 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


675 


the  Huntington  silt  loam,  a brownish  soil  consisting  largely 
of  material  washed  from  the  lighter  colored  upland  soils. 
Both  these  alluvial  types  are  strong  soils. 

The  rough  stony  land  includes  areas  too  steep  and  stony 
to  cultivate.  Numerous  rock  outcrops,  particularly  of  sand- 
stones, are  included  under  this  head. 

The  following  table  gives  the  names  and  areas  of  the 
several  soil  types  shown  on  the  accompanying  map : 

Areas  of  Different  Soils. 


Soil. 

Meigs  Clay  loam 

Westmoreland  si'ty  clay  loam 

Dekalb  silty  clay  loam 

Elk  silt  loam 

Moshannon  silt  loam 

Upshur  clay 

Huntington  silt  loam 

Rough  stony  land 

Holston  silt  loam 

Upshur  silt  loam 

Dekalb  silt  loam 

Tyler  silt  loam 

Total  


Acres. 

| Per  cent. 

.|  272,320 

| 54.5 

[ 102,080 

1 20.4 

| 56,488 

11.1 

| 17,920 

| 3.6 

| 15,488 

3.1 

| 14,080 

2.8 

| 10,816 

2.2 

i 4,480 

0.9 

| 2,048 

.4 

2,048 

.4 

| 1,792  | 

.4 

| .1,280 

! 

| 

! 499,840 

[ 

Meigs  Clay  Loam. 

The  Meigs  clay  loam  is  not  a uniform  soil  type,  owing 
to  the  fact  that  a variety  of  rocks  enter  into  its  formation  and 
that  the  steeply  rolling  surface  in  many  places  has  favored 
the  commingling  of  soil  materials  of  different  colors  and 
textures.  The  surface  soil  of  the  Meigs  clay  loam,  which 
is  4 to  8 inches  deep,  varies  in  texture  from  a silt  loam  to 
silty  clay  loam  and  in  color  from  a grayish  brown  to  light 
brown,  shading  to  light  yellow  with  depth.  The  subsoil 
ranges  from  a brownish-yellow,  moderately  compact  silt  loam 
to  silty  clay  loam,  grading  usually  into  clay  at  about  20 
inches,  which  texture  usually  persists  throughout  the  remain- 
der of  the  soil  profile.  The  lower  subsoil  often  becomes  no- 
ticeably heavier  and  plastic  with  depth.  Where  erosion  has 
been  especially  active  the  clay  is  found  nearer  the  surface. 


SOILS 


(.76 


The  type  includes  many  patches  of  Indian-red  or  reddish 
clay  loam  or  silty  clay  loam,  underlain  by  a stiff,  plastic  In- 
dian-red clay,  usually  having  a greasy  feel.  These  areas 
really  represent  patches  of  Upshur  soil  too  small  to  map. 
Quite  commonly  the  surface  material  is  grayish  and  the  yel- 
low subsoil  grades  into  reddish-yellow  to  Indian-red  clay  or 
the  yellow  is  mottled  with  red.  Such  areas  represent  either  the 
Upshur  silt  loam  or  an  intermediate  type  between  the  Up- 
shur and  Dekalb.  Some  patches  of  typical  Dekalb  silt  loam 
or  silty  clay  loam  are  included  in  this  type.  The  brownish- 
yellow  subsoil  first  mentioned  is  characteristic  of  by  far  the 
greater  part  of  the  type. 

The  depth  of  the  subsoil  varies  greatly  with  the  position 
of  the  areas.  On  the  steeper  slopes  erosion  has  prevented 
the  accumulation  of  much  soil  material  over  the  rock,  the 
strata  in  places  being  exposed  or  at  least  very  close  to  the 
surface.  Usually  the  depth  to  the  bed  rock  is  20  inches  or 
more.  On  the  other  hand,  it  may  not  be  encountered  within 
less  than  several  feet  of  the  surface. 

Throughout  the  soil  mass  and  on  the  surface  occur  more 
or  less  decomposed  fragments  of  shale  and  sandstone,  though 
rarely  in  sufficient  quantity  to  interfere  with  cultivation. 
Their  presence  is  a general  characteristic  of  the  type. 

The  Meigs  clay  loam  has  the  largest  extent  of  any  of 
the  soil  types.  It  occupies  all  of  the  uplands  of  Doddridge 
and  the  western  part  of  Harrison  county,  covering  the  hill 
and  ridge  tops  and  their  slopes. 

The  Meigs  clay  loam  area  is  steep  and  broken,  the  sur- 
face being  rougher  than  any  other  soil  type  except  rough 
stony  land.  The  tops  of  the  ridges  are  generally  narrow  and 
irregular  and  the  slopes  as  a rule  descend  steeply  to  nar- 
row, V-shaped  stream  valleys.  A marked  feature  of  the  hill- 
sides is  the  presence  of  narrow  benches  or  terraces,  resulting 
from  the  occurrence  of  massive  sandstone  beds  that  have 
resisted  weathering  and  prevented  the  formation  of  uniform 
slopes.  On  these  benches  the  soil  is  deeper  and  more  pro- 
ductive than  elsewhere.  For  the  most  part  the  slopes  are  so 
steep  as  to  make  cultivation  very  difficult. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


677 


The  surface  drainage  is  rapid,  water  falling  upon  the 
soil  being  carried  off  almost  immediately,  and  where  the 
slopes  are  not  protected  by  a covering  of  sod  or  vegetation 
the  soil  material  is  rapidly  carried  away,  forming  erosion 
gullies.  Because  of  this  excessive  drainage  the  type  is 
droughty,  crops  suffering  for  moisture  in  ordinary  dry  spells, 
except  in  more  favored  locations.  The  small  streams  soon 
dry  up,  and  if  the  drought  is  prolonged  even  the  larger 
streams  cease  to  flow. 

The  Meigs  clay  loam  is  of  residual  origin,  derived  from 
the  rock  beds  of  the  Dunkard  of  Permo-Carbonifereous  age. 
This  formation  consists  of  a series  of  interbedded  shales, 
sandstones,  some  thin  limestone  or  shaly  limestone,  and  coal 
seams.  The  gray  shales  and  sandstones  and  the  beds  of  red 
shales  give  rise  to  most  of  the  soil  material  of  this  type. 

Although  in  many  places  too  steep  for  cultivation,  much 
of  the  type  has  been  cleared  for  pasture,  the  soil  being  fairly 
good  for  grasses.  Bluegrass  does  well,  although  it  is  rather 
short  lived,  except  upon  phases  of  the  soil  particularly 
adapted  to  its  growth.  North  and  east  slopes  make  the  best 
pasture  land,  the  southern  and  western  slopes  drying  out 
more  quickly.  Care  must  be  exercised  in  changing  the  land 
from  its  natural  forested  condition  to  pasture,  or  the  soil  may 
be  washed  away.  When  newly  cleared  the  soil  is  full  of 
roots  and  these  ordinarily  hold  it  sufficiently  far  a few  years 
or  until  the  grasses  form  a protective  sod.  Corn  is  the  first 
crop  grown  and  this  is  planted  until  the  yields  decrease,  when 
small  grains,  with  which  the  grass  is  seeded,  are  sown.  The 
bluegrass  holds  for  a time  and  then  the  native  wild  grasses 
and  broom  sedge  gradually  take  the  land. 

To  reestablish  the  bluegrass  the  land  has  to  be  broken, 
cultivated  and  reseeded.  The  life  of  the  pasture  can  be  pro- 
longed by  giving  it  attention  and  the  growth  can  be  revived 
by  applications  of  lime,  phosphatic  fertilizers,  and  barnyard 
manure.  Timothy  and  clover  are  sown  and  cut  for  hay,  mak- 
ing fine  yields.  The  fields  are  then  pastured,  the  bluegrass, 
sown  with  timothy  and  clover,  finally  predominating.  On 
new  land  corn  does  fairly  well,  producing  20  to  50  bushels  to 


6 7 8 


SOILS 


the  acre.  On  the  benches  and  on  lower  slopes  the  better 
yields  are  obtained. 

Parts  of  the  type  will  produce  fruits,  apples  and  peaches 
doing  well  on  the  upper  slopes  in  the  covelike  areas  exposed 
to  the  north  and  east,  where  the  soil  is  more  loamy  and  bet- 
ter moisture  conditions  prevail.  The  forest  growth  is  of 
hardwoods,  oak,  chestnut,  maple,  hickory  and  poplar.  The 
poplar  is  found  more  abundantly  on  the  north  and  east  ex- 
posures and  gives  to  these  locations  the  name  of  “poplar 
land,”  while  the  south  and  west  slopes  are  spoken  of  as 
“white  oak  land.” 

The  Meigs  clay  loam  has  the  lowest  value  of  the  upland 
soil  types,  the  prices  ranging  from  $10  to  $30  an  acre,  the 
seller  usually  reserving  the  oil  and  gas  rights. 

Upshur  Clay. 

The  Upshur  clay  occurs  only  in  small  areas,  and  the 
surface  soil  is  variable,  being  influenced  by  differences  in 
position.  When  it  occurs  on  hilltops  and  the  upper  parts 
of  slopes  it  consists  of  4 to  6 inches  of  dark  reddish  brown 
or  Indian-red  clay  loam  to  clay,  underlain  by  dark  Indian-red,, 
stiff,  rather  tenacious  clay.  Where  erosion  is  not  active  the 
subsoil  extends  to  a depth  of  more  than  3 feet,  but  in  places 
the  underlying  rock  beds  may  be  encountered  at  2 feet,  and 
rotten-  shale  fragments  of  greenish-gray  color  are  often 
found  in  the  lower  subsoil,  giving  the  mass  a mottled  ap- 
pearance. On  the  lower  slopes  affected  by  “slips”  from  soils 
above,  the  surface  may  have  a shallow  covering  of  light- 
brown  to  grayish  silt  loam,  which  when  united  by  cultivation 
with  the  red  subsoil  material  gives  a reddish  color  to  the  sur- 
face. Occasionally  some  sandstone  fragments  are  found  on 
the  surface,  but  these  have  come  from  rock  formations  ly- 
ing higher  up  the  slopes. 

The  Upshur  clay  is  found  mostly  on  slopes,  which  are 
generally  steep,  where  it  occurs  as  bands,  sometimes  near 
the  top  and  again  nearer  the  bottom.  It  is  commonly  found 
in  saddles  or  gaps  of  dividing  ridges  extending  around  the 
amphitheaterlike  heads  of  branches,  its  position  always  be- 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  679 

in g determined  by  the  occurrence  of  red-shale  strata,  from 
which  it  has  been  derived  through  weathering. 

The  areas  are  small  and  scattered,  the  greater  number 
being  found  in  Doddridge  county,  though  some  occur  in 
the  western  part  of  Harrison.  In  both  counties  it  is  limited 
to  outcropping  of  the  Dunkard  formation. 

Though  the  surface  drainage  is  free,  the  subsoil  is  al- 
ways moist.  There  is  considerable  seepage  in  this  rock 
formation,  and  moist,  springy  spots  are  common  on  slopes. 
The  moisture  conditions  make  the  type  cold  and  late.  Its 
heavy,  plastic  and  tenacious  nature  cause  difficulty  in  culti- 
vation. When  worked  too  wet  it  puddles  and  becomes  very 
hard  and  cloddy  when  dry.  The  surface  bakes  and  cracks. 

This  soil  should  never  be  plowed  except  under  the  best 
of  moisture  conditions.  Late  fall  plowing,  turning  the  soil 
up  so  as  to  get  full  effects  of  freezing  and  thawing  during 
the  winter  aids  greatly  in  getting  good  tilth.  The  soil  should 
have  more  organic  matter,  and  any  roughage  can  be  plowed 
under  to  advantage.  This  soil  is  all  cleared,  but  its 
value  for  pasture  is  so  high  that  it  is  mostly  devoted  to  graz- 
ing or  used  in  the  production  of  hay.  Bluegrass  seeds  natur- 
ally upon  it  and  is  permanent.  It  gives  good  yields  of  farm 
crops  where  managed  properly.  Wheat  does  well  and  fair 
yields  of  corn  are  secured,  though  in  places  the  soil  is  rather 
heavy  for  the  latter  crop. 

Fruits  do  not  seem  to  thrive  upon  the  Upshur  clay,  and 
it  should  not  be  used  for  their  culture.  Since  it  is  so  well 
adapted  to  grasses  it  is  best  to  continue  with  them,  and 
every  effort  should  be  put  forth  to  maintain  the  pastures  at 
their  highest  efficiency. 

Upshur  Silt  Loam. 

The  surface  soil  of  the  Upshur  silt  loam,  which  is  from 
10  to  20  inches  in  depth,  consists  of  a friable  silt  loam  of  light 
or  yellowish  brown  color,  with  a reddish  tinge  in  the  upper 
portion,  changing  with  depth  to  reddish  yellow  or  frequently 
to  a dull  red.  The  subsoil  is  a reddish-yellow  to  dark-red 
heavy  silt  loam  to  silty  clay  loam,  grading  usually  into  an 


SOILS 


680 

Indian-red  clay  of  the  same  character  as  the  subsoil  of  the 
Upshur  clay. 

The  Upshur  silt  loam  is  of  small  extent,  being  limited  to 
the  extreme  western  part  of  Doddridge  county.  It  is  found 
on  flat,  shelflike  positions  on  slopes  and  on  rolling  ridge 
tops. 

The  Upshur  silt  loam  is  derived  from  the  sandstones  and 
shales  of  the  Dunkard  formation.  Strata  of  red  shale  have 
given  the  red  subsoil  and  the  reddish  tinge  seen  in  the  sur- 
face material. 

The  type  has  good  surface  drainage  and  is  easily  worked. 
It  is  a strong,  productive  soil  and  good  farms  are  the  rule  on 
the  type.  It  supports  a fine  growth  of  grass  and  gives  good 
yields  of  the  general  farm  crops.  Its  value  is  high  as  com- 
pared with  that  of  the  surrounding  soils. 

Results  of  mechanical  analyses  of  samples  of  the  soil  and 
subsoil  are  given  in  the  following  table : 


Mechanical  Analyses  of  Upshur  Silt  Loam. 


Number 

1 

Description 

Fine 

grave 

Coarse 

sand 

Medium 

sand 

Fine 

sand 

Very  fine 
sand 

Silt 

Clay 

| | 

Per  | 

Per 

Per 

Per 

[ Per 

1 Per 

Per 

| 

1 cent.  1 

cent. 

cent. 

cent. 

| cent.  | 

cent. 

cent. 

25500. . . 

. Soil  | 

0.2| 

0.9 

0.6 

1.6 

1 2.5| 

76.9 

17.3 

25501. . . 

.Subsoil  1 

•°l 

•2| 

.3' 

1 * 2 1 

2.8| 

53. 2| 

42.2 

Dekalb  Silty  Clay  Loam. 

The  surface  soil  of  the  Dekalb  silty  clay  loam,  to  a depth 
of  4 to  8 inches,  consists  of  a light  to  yellowish-brown  silty 
clay  loam  or  heavy  silt  loam,  containing  enough  sand  par- 
ticles to  make  it  friable  and  rather  mellow  for  a soil  of  its 
class.  When  dry  the  surface  becomes  grayish  and  has  a soft, 
ashlike  feel.  The  subsoil  is  a yellow,  heavy  silty  clay  loam 
to  silty  clay,  generally  becoming  a little  more  clayey  and 
more  compact  with  depth.  It  is  usually  friable,  but  in  places 
is  somewhat  plastic.  Grayish  to  brownish  mottlings  repres- 
senting  rotten  fragments  of  shale  are  often  noticeable.  In 
places  the  lower  subsoil  sometimes  becomes  slightly 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


681 


tinged  with  red.  Shale  and  sandstone  fragments  occur  fre- 
quently on  the  surface,  the  latter  as  small  blocks  of  thin- 
bedded  rock.  On  the  gentler  slopes  they  are  absent,  while  on 
steep  slopes  they  are  numerous  both  on  the  surface  and  in  the 
soil  mass,  with  the  underlying  rock  beds  very  near  the  sur- 
face. On  these  steeper  slopes  the  soil  is  a little  more  sandy 
and  lighter  textured  than  elsewhere. 

The  Dekalb  silty  clay  loam  occurs  in  the  eastern  part  of 
Harrison  county,  where  it  is  associated  with  the  W estmore- 
land  silty  clay  loam.  It  is  found  on  the  slopes  below  the 
latter  type,  following  that  type  rather  closely  and  extending 
up  the  valleys.  Along  the  Chestnut  Ridge  anticline,  where 
the  Conemaugh  formation  outcrops,  it  covers  all  except  the 
highest  hilltops.  These  slopes  are  in  the  main  gentle,  but 
are  sometimes  very  steep,  breaking  off  suddenly  from  narrow, 
flat  to  gently  sloping  benches  on  the  hillsides.  The  hilltops 
are  smooth  and  generally  rounded,  though  in  places  the  ridges 
have  narrow,  irregular  crests.  The  topography  favors  ready 
surface  drainage. 

The  Dekalb  silty  clay  loam  is  of  residual  origin,  being  de- 
rived from  the  rock  beds  of  that  part  of  the  Conemaugh  forma- 
tion extending  from  the  Clarksburg  limestone  bed  to  the 
bottom  of  the  formation  as  exposed  in  the  county.  There 
are  three  strata  approximately  100  feet  in  thickness.  The 
rocks  consist  of  a variety  of  shales  and  sandstones,  with  some 
unimportant  beds  of  limestone  and  seams  of  coaf.  The  shales 
and  sandstones  have  given  rise  to  the  larger  part  of  this  soil 
type.  The  shale  beds  have  weathered  more  or  less  com- 
pletely, the  fragments  being  generally  rotten.  The  stones 
found  in  the  soil  mass  are  generally  of  the  more  resistant 
sandstones. 

The  greater  part  of  the  Dekalb  silty  clay  loam  is  cleared 
and  largely  in  grass  for  hay  and  pasturage,  particularly  the 
latter.  The  soil  supports  a bluegrass  sod,  but  is  not  natur- 
ally so  good  a soil  for  grasses  as  the  limestone  type — the 
W estmoreland  silty  clay  loam.  The  pastures  do  not  last  so 
well,  nor  is  the  growth  of  grass  as  good  on  the  Dekalb  areas. 
The  wild  grasses  do  better  on  it,  but  do  not  make  as  good 
pasturage. 


SOILS 


C82 

Corn  gives  fair  yields  on  areas  of  gentler  slope,  and  so  do 
the  small  grains.  Fruits,  though  grown  only  for  home  use 
and  under  favorable  conditions,  do  fairly  well.  With  proper 
attention  orchards,  especially  of  apples,  would  give  excellent 
yields,  particularly  on  those  areas  having  exposures  to  the 
north  and  east. 

The  greater  part  of  this  type  should  be  devoted  to  pas- 
turage and  the  steeper  and  more  stony  slopes  to  forestry. 
The  forest  growth  is  composed  of  hardwoods,  consisting 
largely  of  oak  and  chestnut,  with  maple,  poplar,  hickory, 
beech  and  some  other  trees. 

The  results  of  mechanical  analyses  of  samples  of  the  soil 
and  subsoil  of  the  Dekalb  silty  clay  loam  are  given  in  the 
following  table : 


Mechanical  Analyses  of  Dekalb  Silty  Clay  Loam. 


Nnmber 

Description 

Fine 

gravel 

Coarse 

sand 

Medium 

sand 

Fine 

sand 

Very  fine 
sand 

Silt 

Clay 

Per 

Per 

Per 

Per 

Per 

Per 

Per 

cent. 

cent. 

cent. 

cent. 

cent. 

cent. 

cent. 

25339.... 

Soil  

1 0.8 

2.3 

1.8 

6.6 

5.0 

69.6 

14.4 

25340. . . . 

Subsoil  

1 -4! 

L4 

1.4 

3.6 

4.4 

56.7 

32.2 

Dekalb  Silt  Loam. 

The  surface  soil  of  the  Dekalb  silt  loam,  to  an  average 
depth  of  8 inches,  consists  of  a light,  friable,  brown  or  gray- 
ish-brown silt  loam,  with  a soft,  smooth  texture.  The  sub- 
soil is  a pale-yellow  silt  loam,  which  at  about  24  inches  usu- 
ally becomes  considerably  heavier,  grading  into  a silty  clay 
loam.  Where  the  underlying  rock  beds  are  close  to  the  sur- 
face the  deep  subsoil  may  become  a little  lighter  in  texture 
than  typical.  The  type  as  a rule  is  free  from  stone  frag- 
ments though  scattered  blocks  of  sandy  shale  or  shaly  sand- 
stones are  found  occasionally,  and  where  the  soil  material  is 
shallow  may  be  met  in  the  subsoil. 

The  Dekalb  silt  loam  is  not  an  extensive  type  in  the 
Clarksburg  area.  It  is  found  in  comparatively  small  bodies 
in  both  counties,  the  largest  occurring  in  Doddridge  county 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  683 

along  the  Ritchie  county  line  and  east  of  Bridgeport  in  Har- 
rison county.  The  other  areas  are  small  and  scattered. 

This  type  is  generally  found  in  the  uplands  on  shelf  or 
bench-like  situations  that  occur  at  an  elevation  of  1,100  feet 
or  more  above  sea  level.  The  areas  are  flat,  gently  rolling, 
or  sometimes  sloping.  The  type  owes  its  origin  and  charac- 
teristic topography  to  massive  horizontal  sandstone  beds, 
which  are  very  resistant  to  weathering  processes.  The  soil 
material  is  derived  from  these  fine-grained,  massive  sand- 
stones and  fine-grained  sandy  shales,  the  weathering  having 
been  as  a rule  so  complete  that  little  fragmental  rock  occurs 
in  the  soil.  The  underlying  rock  beds  are  reached  at  a depth 
of  5 or  6 feet.  The  type  is  not  derived  exclusively  from  any 
one  formation  of  the  upper  Carboniferous,  but  indiscriminate- 
ly from  the  Dunkard,  Monongahela  and  Conemaugh, 
wherever  massive  sandstone  beds  occur  in  those  formations. 

These  sandstone  beds  have  produced  a soil  considered 
rather  thin  and  not  held  in  high  esteem,  except  that  its  friable 
character  makes  it  easy  to  cultivate.  This  soil  is  readily 
‘ run  down”  by  cropping,  but  it  can  be  brought  to  a fair  state 
of  productiveness  by  good  management. 

As  a whole,  the  type  is  lacking  in  organic  matter  and 
supplying  this  in  the  form  of  green  manuring  crops  and  barn- 
yard manure  will  greatly  benefit  it.  All  the  cultivated  crops 
of  the  area  are  grown.  Corn,  potatoes,  wheat  and  oats  do 
fairly  well.  It  does  not  seem  to  be  adapted  to  bluegrass  or 
other  pasture  grasses.  Moisture  conditions  have  much  to  do 
with  this,  the  drainage  being  too  free.  Apples  will  succeed 
upon  it,  but  the  trees  need  artificial  fertilization.  Good  or- 
chard sites,  permitting  the  use  of  spraying  machinery,  are 
frequently  found. 

Its  original  tree  growth  was  largely  chestnut  and  white 
oak,  with  some  other  deciduous  species,  and  from  the  pre- 
dominance of  chestnut  it  has  been  locally  known  as  “chest- 
nut land.” 

Westmoreland  Silty  Clay  Loam. 

The  Westmoreland  silty  clay  loam,  known  in  Harrison 
county  as  the  “limestone  land,”  is  derived  from  interbedded 


SOILS 


684 

limestones  and  and  shales.  These  two  rock  formations  give 
rise  to  distinct  soil  materials,  which,  owing  to  the  sloping 
topography,  have  become  so  intermingled  as  to  respesent  a 
single  soil  type. 

As  a rule  the  type  consists  of  4 to  10  inches  of  a gray- 
ish to  light-brown,  mellow  silty  clay  loam,  overlying  yellow 
silty  clay  loam,  which  quickly  grades  into  yellow  silty  clay, 
generally  sticky  and  plastic  in  the  lower  portions.  Where 
overlying  limestone  beds  the  soil  material  is  a grayish  to  yel- 
lowish heavy  clay  loam  to  clay,  underlain  oy  a stiff,  plastic 
clay,  usually  yellow  or  yellow  mottled  with  white.  The  sub- 
soil material  immediately  overlying  the  limestone  is  frequent- 
ly of  an  olive  green  color  and  markedly  plastic. 

The  limestone  outcrops  occur  as  narrow  strips  a few  feet 
in  width  along  the  hill  slopes.  They  are  usually  marked  by 
a slight  break  in  the  slopes  or  “bench”  and  by  loose  boulders 
of  the  rock  on  the  surface.  Such  areas  of  heavy  soil  usually 
represent  patches  of  Brooke  clay  loam  too  small  to  map. 

The  subsoil  generally  extends  to  a depth  of  several  feet, 
except  where  limestone  ledges  approach  the  surface  or  out- 
crop. For  the  most  part  weathering  has  been  complete,  as 
indicated  by  the  general  absence  of  stone  fragments  on  the 
surface  and  in  the  soil. 

The  Westmoreland  silty  clay  loam  is  consigned  to  Harri- 
son county,  in  which  it  is  the  most  important  soil  type.  It 
is  found  in  all  parts  of  the  county,  except  the  western  and 
northwestern  portions.  The  areas  are  irregular  and  broken 
by  other  types,  the  tops  of  the  hills  often  being  capped  by 
Meigs  clay  loam,  and  the  lower  slopes  by  the  Dekalb  silty 
clay  loam,  while  this  type  lies  between,  following  the  con- 
tours of  the  hills  and  ridges.  It  is  the  smoothest  of  the  hilly 
lands  of  the  area  surveyed,  the  slopes  being  gentle  and  the 
hilltops  rounded.  Some  of  the  slopes  are  broken  by  series  of 
slight  benches,  where  limestone  ledges  lie  just  beneath  the 
surface  or  ate  exposed.  Over  the  greater  part  of  this  type 
the  slopes  are  such  as  to  permit  of  cultivation,  though  in 
places  they  are  sp  steep  that  farming  is  not  advisable. 

The  topography  of  the  Westmoreland  silty  clay  loam 
gives  ready  surface  drainage  and  in  some  places  the  land  is 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  685 

gullied,  though  the  strong  sod  covering  tends  to  hold  erosion 
in  check.  The  type  is  all  well  drained  and,  as  is  the  case 
with  limestone  soils  in  general,  is  droughty.  Where  bodies 
of  this  soil  have  been  tunneled  in  mining  coal  they  soon  dry 
out,  and  crops  or  grass  suffer  for  lack  of  moisture. 

The  Westmoreland  silty  clay  loam  is  derived  from  the 
rock  beds  of  the  lower  part  of  the  Monongahela  and  the  up- 
per part  of  the  Conemaugh  formations.  These  are  composed 
of  a number  of  limestone  strata,  with  interbedded  calcareous 
shales  and  very  little  sandstone.  The  weathering  of  these 
rocks  has  been  quite  complete,  with  the  exception  of  occa- 
sional limestone  boulders  and  outcropping  limestone  ledges, 
giving  a soil  formation  of  some  depth. 

Because  of  its  calcareous  nature,  the  Westmoreland  silty 
clay  loam  is  especially  adapted  to  bluegrass  and  is  devoted 
almost  entirely  to  grazing,  being  too  valuable  for  this  pur- 
pose to  be  used  for  cultivated  crops.  The  grass  thrives  on 
this  soil,  and  the  sod  holds  for  a long  period  of  years,  though 
the  pasturage  is  said  to  be  not  as  good  now  as  formerly.  A 
dressing  of  phosphate  fertilizers  would  do  much  to  help  the 
pastures,  as  would  applications  of  manure.  Corn  and  hay 
grasses  (timothy  and  clover)  do  very  well,  but  they  are  not 
grown  extensively. 

Owners  of  this  land  are  all  engaged  more  or  less  in  cattle 
grazing.  Some  of  the  stock  is  raised  on  the  farm,  but  a large 
part  is  brought  in  from  other  sections  to  be  grazed  and  fat- 
tened here. 

Practically  all  the  Westmoreland  silty  clay  loam  is  clear- 
ed. The  original  forest  consisted  of  hardwood  species.  The 
locust  thrives  on  this  soil  and  is  seen  in  pastures  and  along 
fence  rows.  The  growing  of  locust  posts  would  undoubtedly 
prove  profitable  on  the  steeper  slopes. 

Farmers  owning  this  land  are  generally  prosperous.  The 
farms  are  usually  large.  The  Westmoreland  silty  clay  loam 
is  the  highest  priced  farming  land  in  the  area  aside  from  the 
added  value  of  the  important  coal  seams  which  occur  be- 
neath it.  The  price  of  surface  rights  for  this  type  ranges 
from  $50  to  $100  an  acre. 

The  results  of  mechanical  analyses  of  samples  of  the  soil 


and  subsoil  of  the  Westmoreland  silty  clay  loam  are  shown 
in  the  following  table : 


Mechanical  Analyses  of  Westmoreland  Silty  Clay  Loam. 


Number 

Description 

Fine 

gravel 

Coarse 

sand 

Medium 

sand 

Fine 

sand 

Very  fine 
sand 

Silt 

Clay 

| 

Per 

Per 

Per 

Per 

Per 

Per 

1 Per 

1 cent. 

cent. 

cent. 

cent. 

cent. 

cent.  | cent. 

25349.... 

Soil  

1 i.i 

3.1 

1.6 

4.1 

7.1 

60. 9[  22.1 

25350 

jSubsoil  

1 1-4 

4.2 

2.9 

5.1|  4.4 

53. 2|  29.1 

Elk  Silt  Loam. 

The  surface  soil  of  the  Elk  silt  loam  consists  of  about  8 
inches  of  light-brown  to  yellowish-brown,  light,  mellow  to 
rather  compact  silt  loam.  This  is  underlain  by  pale  yellow 
silt  loam,  which  becomes  somewhat  heavier  and  a brighter 
yellow  with  depth.  Below  24  inches  the  subsoil  is  often 
slightly  sandy,  the  sand  particles  giving  a gritty  feel.  The 
subsoil  is  usually  compact  in  the  lower  portion,  but  when 
rubbed  between  the  fingers  it  readily  crumbles.  When  wet 
it  is  quite  sticky. 

This  type  is  fairly  uniform  in  texture,  though  slight 
variations  occur.  In  places  the  surface  soil  is  a little  more 
sandy  than  the  average,  especially  on  the  break  of  slopes 
where  beds  of  fine  yellow  sand  lie  below.  Occasionally  shale 
ledges  and  broken  shale  are  encountered  within  2 feet  of  the 
surface,  the  former  being  projecting  points  of  underlying 
formations. 

The  Elk  silt  loam  occupies  a considerable  area.  It  covers 
a greater  extent  of  territory  in  Harrison  county,  where  it 
is  found  in  the  West  Fork  river  valley  and  along  its  tributary 
streams.  It  occurs  as  a terrace,  the  top  of  which  is  1,000  to 
1,050  feet  above  sea  level  and  from  20  to  about  150  feet  above 
the  stream  levels.  In  places  the  top  is  flat  to  gently  rolling, 
breaking  into  slopes  toward  the  streams,  the  drop  sometimes 
being  very  abrupt.  Originally  these  terraces  were  uniformly 
smooth  and  level,  but  erosion  has  cut  many  deep  ravines. 
The  streams  along  which  it  occurs  have  meandering  courses, 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  687 

the  type  usually  occupying  the  horseshoe  bends,  and  extend- 
ing from  the  stream  generally  to  the  upland  slopes.  It  holds 
the  position  of  a well-defined  stream  terrace. 

The  Elk  silt  loam  is  a sedimentary  soil  and  believed 
10  be  of  lacustrine  origin.  When  the  Monongahela  in  its 
lower  course  was  blocked  by  ice  during  the  glacial  period  its 
waters  backed  up  and  formed  a lake  covering  the  valley. 
The  fine  sediments  forming  this  soil  were  dropped  at  that 
time  filling  the  valley  to  the  highest  point  now  seen  in  the 
development  of  this  soil.  When  the  river  resumed  its  flow  it 
began  to  cut  a channel  into  its  sediment-filled  valley  in  a 
zigzag  course,  forming  what  are  now  the  horseshoe  bends. 
The  river  has  now  cut  down  to  a rocky  floor  and  is  still 
widening  its  channel,  although  the  process  has  not  continued 
long  enough  to  form  extensive  first  bottoms. 

Some  of  the  material  entering  into  the  formation  of  the 
type  is  doubtless  residual  in  origin,  being  derived  from  the 
underlying  sandy  shale  and  massive  sandstone  beds.  Such 
residual  material  is  represented  by  the  sandy  layers  in  the 
lower  subsoil  already  mentioned  as  developed  in  some  places. 
A large  proportion  of  the  material  entering  into  the  com- 
position of  the  type  has  been  washed  from  the  productive 
Wesmoreland  silty  clay  loam.  In  places  near  the  foot  of  the 
upland  slopes  colluvial  material  has  accumulated. 

Lying  as  it  does  upon  terraces  along  streams,  the  Elk 
silt  loam  is  a well-drained  soil.  It  is  mellow,  friable  and  eas- 
ily cultivated.  Its  favorable  surface  and  proximity  to 
streams  made  it  one  of  the  first  soils  to  be  cleared  and  it  has 
been  under  cultivation  for  a long  time.  It  is  devoted  to  the 
general  farming  crops  of  the  region,  of  which  corn  is  the  most 
important.  Under  the  present  system  of  management  the 
yields  range  from  fair  to  good.  The  type  could  be  greatly 
improved  by  the  more  extensive  production  ol  leguminous 
crops  and  by  the  incorporation  of  organic  matter.  Much  of 
it  is  devoted  to  grass  for  hay  and  pasture.  Bluegrass  and 
timothy  give  fairly  good  results  and  small  grains,  especially 
wheat,  do  well. 

This  is  one  of  the  best  soil  types  of  the  area  for  trucking, 
both  in  texture  and  in  location.  A ready  local  market 


SOILS 


G88 

awaits  its  development  for  the  production  of  vegetables. 
Irish  potatoes,  sweet  corn,  tomatoes,  beets  and  cabbage 
should  do  especially  well.  Small  fruits  such  as  raspberries, 
blackberries  and  strawberries  would  also  prove  profita- 
ble. Most  of  the  type  is  suited  to  apple  orchard- 
ing, as  the  land  lies  high  enough  above  the  stream 
to  have  good  air  and  water  drainage.  It  has  the 
best  of  facilities  for  marketing  such  products,  as  a railroad 
and  electric  line,  the  latter  equipped  for  carrying  freight  and 
express,  run  through  the  West  Fork  Valley. 

The  Elk  silt  loam  is  generally  deficient  in  organic 
matter.  The  sod  could  be  much  improved  by  plowing  under 
some  green  manuring  crop,  such  as  rye,  clover,  cowpeas  or 
vetch,  before  reseeding.  A profitable  system  of  management 
would  be  to  carry  on  dairying,  trucking  and  fruit  growing, 
using  the  manure  from  the  dairy  to  enrich  the  soil. 

Chestnut  formed  the  larger  part  of  the  original  forest  on 
this  soil  and  the  land  is  commonly  spoken  of  as  “chestnut 
land.”  Farms  of  this  type  of  soil  bring  high  prices. 

Tyler  Silt  Loam. 

The  Tyler  silt  loam  consists  of  a grayish-brown  to  yel- 
lowish-gray friable  silt  loam,  with  a depth  of  about  8 inches, 
underlain  by  pale-yellow  to  yellow,  compact,  sticky  clay 
ioam,  more  or  less  mottled  with  gray,  drab  and  brown.  It 
becomes  heavier  and  more  dense  in  structure  with  depth,  be- 
ing frequently  in  the  lower  portion  a silty  clay. 

Its  extent  is  small  and  unimportant,  small  scattered  areas 
occurring  over  the  two  counties  as  second  bottoms  along 
some  of  the  larger  creeks.  It  is  alluvial  in  origin  and  was 
deposited  when  the  water  of  streams  reached  higher  levels, 
or  rather  when  their  flow  was  impeded  by  the  backwater  of 
the  larger  streams  when  blocked  by  glacial  ice.  The  sedi- 
ments forming  the  type  are  the  wash  from  the  contiguous 
uplands. 

The  Tyler  silt  loam  wherever  found  in  the  State  is  a 
compact  soil,  generally  rather  poorly  drained,  and  therefore  a 
cold,  late  soil.  When  thoroughly  drained  and  properly 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


689 


handled  the  surface  is  friable  and  mellow.  Its  greatest  need 
is  drainage  and  the  incorporation  of  organic  matter.  With 
such  improvement  it  can  be  made  to  yield  fair  crops.  An 
application  of  1 ton  of  burnt  lime  per  acre  or  its  equivalent  in 
other  forms  of  lime  would  benefit  the  soil.  In  the  present 
survey  it  covers  so  small  an  area  that  it  is  unimportant. 

Mechanical  analyses  of  typical  samples  ot  the  soil  and 
subsoil  give  the  following  results : 

Mechanical  Analyses  of  Tyler  Silt  Loam. 


Number 

Description 

Fine 

gravel 

Coarse 

sand 

Medium 

sand 

Fine 

sand 

Tsf|  .*■ 

Clay 

| Per 

Per 

Per 

Per 

Per  | Per 

Per 

1 cent. 

cent. 

| cent. 

cent. 

| cent.  | cent. 

cent. 

25345 

[Soil  

| 0.1 

1.6 

1 1.7 

3.5 

3 . 7 1 68.1 

20.9 

25346. . . . 

Subsoil  

1 -4 

2.5 

2.3 

4.1 

1 5.3|  45.6 

39.7 

Huntington  Silt  Loam. 

The  Huntington  silt  loam  consists  of  10  to  12  inches  of 
light-brown  to  brown,  mellow  silt  loam  underlain  by  yellow 
or  yellowish-brown  silt  loam,  usually  becoming  heavier  and 
more  compact  with  depth.  ’Occasionally  some  gravelly  frag- 
ments of  shale  and  sandstone  occur  either  as  a definite  sub- 
stratum or  scattered  indiscriminately  through  the  soil  mass. 
This  condition  is  found  along  small  streams  which  at  times 
carry  greatly  increased  volumes  of  water. 

The  Huntington  silt  loam  occurs  in  this  area  only  in 
Harrison  county,  where  it  is  found  in  all  parts,  though  in 
small  areas,  as  narrow  strips  of  first  bottom  land  along  the 
streams.  It  is  associated  with  the  upland  soils  derived  from 
the  Monongahela  and  Conemaugh  formations,  and  represents 
the  wash  from  the  bordering  slopes.  It  is  an  alluvial  soil  of 
recent  formation,  and  is  practically  always  present  on  the 
creeks  and  branches,  though  as  a rule  in  very  narrow  strips 
along  the  larger  streams.  The  areas  are  not  continuous,  be- 
ing found  only  in  narrow  strips  on  the  inner  sides  of  curves 
or  bends.  The  larger  streams  are  still  cutting  their  channels 
and  not  building  flood  plains. 


G90 


SOILS 


While  the  extent  of  this  soil  is  small,  with  its  general 
distribution  and  its  high  productive  power  it  is  an  important 
soil.  Nearly  every  farm  depends  upon  it  for  the  production 
of  the  cultivated  crops.  Corn  does  especially  well  and  good 
yields  are  obtained  without  fertilizers,  the  productiveness  be- 
ing maintained  by  the  addition  of  sediments  at  every  over- 
flow. Grasses  do  well  and  large  crops  of  hay  may  be  ex- 
pected. The  pasturage  is  excellent. 

Originally  the  Huntington  silt  loam  supported  a heavy 
forest  growth  of  beech,  maple,  hickory,  poplar  and  many 
other  .deciduous  trees. 

Like  the  Moshannon  silt  loam,  the  type  is  held  in  high 
esteem  and  is  an  important  factor  in  determining  farm 
values. 

Moshannon  Silt  Loam. 

The  surface  soil  of  the  Moshannon  silt  loam  to  a depth  of 
8 to  12  inches  consists  of  a mellow  silt  loam,  varying  in  color 
from  dark  or  chocolate-brown  to  reddish-brown.  The  sub- 
soil, like  the  soil,  is  a silt  loam,  though  slightly  heavier,  of  a 
more  compact  structure,  and  generally  of  a stronger  red  than 
the  surface  soil.  In  places  the  subsoil  is  yellowish  or  brown- 
ish yellow  and  very  similar  to  the  subsoil  of  the  Hunting- 
ton  silt  loam,  and  areas  occur  where  separation  is  difficult. 
Frequently  a gravelly  substratum  is  encountered  at  a depth 
of  24  inches  or  below.  The  gravel  consists  of  pieces  of  shale 
and  sandstone,  merely  rounded  enough  to  be  subangular,  fully 
rounded,  waterworn  gravel  not  being  of  common  occurrence. 
Similar  fragments  are  sometimes  found  on  the  surface,  es- 
pecially close  to  the  streams  or  at  their  confluence.  Along 
the  banks  of  the  streams  the  soil  material  frequently  becomes 
sandy  and,  again,  in  places  where  the  drainage  is  poor,  it  ap- 
pears more  clayey,  and  the  subsoil  is  drab  colored  or  mottled 
drab,  yellow  and  brown. 

Occurrences  of  the  Moshannon  silt  loam  are  limited  to 
Doddridge  county  and  the  western  part  of  Harrison,  where 
the  type  is  associated  with  the  soils  derived  from  the  Dun- 
kard  formations.  It  represents  wash  from  these  types  trans- 
ported by  the  streams  and  laid  down  in  small  strips  as  first 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


691 


bottom  land.  These  bottoms  are  always  narrow  and  may 
be  wanting  along  the  larger  streams,  except  on  the  inner  side  of 
bends.  On  the  smaller  streams  and  branches  the  type  is  al- 
most always  in  evidence. 

Though  occurring  in  small  areas,  the  type  is  an  impor- 
tant one,  as  it  is  widely  distributed.  It  forms  a part  of  prac- 
tically every  farm  and  is  the  soil  most  depended  upon  for 
the  corn  crop  and  for  hay  and  grain  as  well.  Corn  does 
well  on  the  overflowed  alluvial  lands  and  yields  running  from 
50  to  100  bushels  to  the  acre  are  common.  One  or  two  tons 
of  timothy  hay  can  be  cut  to  the  acre  and  crops  of  small 
grains  grow  luxuriantly  and  give  good  yields.  The  land  is 
devoted  mainly  to  corn  and  grass.  It  furnishes  excellent 
pasturage  throughout  the  grazing  season. 

Being  level,  free  from  stones,  easily  worked,  and  highly 
productive,  it  is  a desirable  soil  and  held  at  much  higher 
prices  than  the  surrounding  hill  lands.  While  its  actual  mar- 
ket value  can  not  be  stated,  the  extent  to  which  it  occurs  on 
farms  largely  determines  their  selling  price. 

Holston  Silt  Loam. 

The  Holston  silt  loam  consists  of  8 inches  of  friable, 
light-brown  silt  loam,  underlain  by  pale-yellow  silt  loam,  as 
a rule  somewhat  heavier  than  the  surface,  but  often  in  lower 
depths,  where  it  overlies  sandstone  and  shale,  somewhat 
sandy. 

The  Holston  silt  loam  is  found  mainly  along  Middle  Is- 
land creek  and  its  tributaries.  A few  small  areas  occur  along 
other  streams  which  do  not  traverse  the  Westmoreland  silty 
clay  loam  or  other  calcareous  soils  of  the  area.  It  is  a ter- 
race formation,  occurring  in  the  horseshoe  bends  from  20  to 
TOO  feet  or  more  above  the  streams.  The  material  repre- 
sents sediments  deposited  by  the  streams  when  at  a higher 
level  than  at  present.  The  sediments  came  originally  from 
the  sandstones  and  shales,  giving  the  residual  types  Meigs 
clay  loam  and  Dekalb  silt  loam.  Thus,  while  this  type  cor- 
responds in  process  of  formation  to  the  Elk  silt  loam,  it 
differs  in  the  materials  from  which  derived  the  latter  being 


092 


SOILS 


formed  largely  from  the  wash  of  calcareous  soils. 

The  Holston  silt  loam  is  noncalcareous  and  of  lower 
productiveness  than  the  Elk  silt  loam.  It  is  low  in  organic 
matter  and  not  a strong  soil,  being  known  locally  as  “light 
land.'’  It  is  an  easy  soil  to  cultivate,  and  by  supplying  humus 
it  could  be  improved  and  made  to  produce  much  better  yields 
of  the  general  farm  crops  than  it  does  at  present. 

Rough  Stony  Land. 

Rough  stony  land  is  represented  by  steep  and  stony 
areas  unfit  for  agriculture.  The  type  occurs  most  frequently 
on  steep  hillsides,  extending  frequently  from  the  top  of  the 
ridge  to  the  stream  below.  It  is  caused  by  massive  outcrops 
of  sandstones  that  stand  as  sheer  cliffs,  below  which  the  talus 
of  boulders  renders  the  land  rough  and  stony.  Frequently 
where  the  talus  is  absent  the  underlying  shales  are  so  close 
to  the  surface  as  to  make  cultivation  difficult.  The  soil  ma- 
terial is  similar  to  that  of  the  adjacent  slopes  and  the  term 
denotes  a condition  rather  than  difference  of  soil  textures.  Ex- 
cepting the  areas  of  outcropping  rock  the  land  is  covered  by 
the  prevailing  tree  growths  and  underbrush.  Chestnut  and 
oak  are  the  most  prominent  species. 

Areas  of  rough  stony  land  are  not  common  and  do  not 
cover  much  territory.  They  are  found  here  and  there  along 
streams,  and  are  most  numerous  in  Doddridge  county,  along 
the  Ritchie  and  Tyler  county  lines,  and  up  Middle  Island 
creek  and  its  tributaries,  where  the  massive  sandstone  ap- 
pears above  the  drainage  levels.  A few  scattered  areas  are 
found  in  other  parts  of  the  survey.  The  rough  stony  land 
should  be  left  in  forest. 

SUMMARY 

The  Clarksburg  area  is  situated  in  the  north-central 
part  of  the  State.  It  comprises  Harrison  and  Doddridge 
counties,  and  has  an  area  of  781  square  miles,  or  499,840  acres. 
It  consists  of  an  original  high  plateau  cut  by  stream  valleys 
eroded  from  500  to  800  feet  below  the  general  upland  level. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


693 


The  altitude  of  the  area  ranges  from  780  to  1,840  feet.  The 
surface  is  hilly  to  broken. 

The  general  drainage  of  the  area  is  into  the  Ohio  river. 
Harrison  county  is  drained  by  the  West  Fork  river  and  its 
tributaries.  Middle  Island  creek  drains  all  of  Doddridge  coun  - 
ty except  the  extreme  southwest,  which  is  drained  by  streams 
forming  the  headwaters  of  the  Hughes  river.  The  general 
flow  of  the  drainage  waters  is  in  a northerly  direction. 

The  area  was  first  settled  at  what  is  now  Clarksburg  in 
1773  by  immigrants  from  Maryland  and  Virginia.  Settlement 
was  slow  until  the  discovery  of  minerals  and  the  opening  of 
the  district  for  their  development.  Within  the  last  20  years 
a large  influx  of  foreigners  has  taken  place.  The  population 
of  the  county  has  doubled  within  that  period,  the  census  of 
1910  showing  48,381  inhabitants. 

The  area  has  good  railroad  facilities,  being  crossed  by  a 
trunk  line  of  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad  system.  Direct 
communication  with  Pittsburgh  is  had  over  a line  down  the 
valley  of  the  West  Fork  river. 

The  climate  of  the  area  is  suited  to  general  farming. 
The  mean  annual  temperature  is  53°  F. ; the  mean  annual 
rainfall  43.5  inches. 

Stock  raising  is  the  leading  industry  of  the  farm,  the 
land  being  in  most  places  too  hilly  for  successful  cultivation. 
Grasses  and  hay  are  the  principal  crops.  On  cultivated  areas 
corn,  oats,  some  wheat  and  vegetables  are  the  chief  products. 

Eleven  soil  types,  exclusive  of  rough  stony  land,  were 
separated  and  mapped  in  the  area.  These  may  be  divided 
into  two  classes  according  to  origin:  (1)  residual  soils  and 

(2)  transported  or  sedimentary  soils. 

Meigs  clay  loam  is  the  most  extensive  type  in  the  area. 
It  covers  most  of  the  uplands  of  Doddridge  and  of  western 
Harrison  counties.  Its  topography  is  steep  and  broken.  It 
is  used  largely  for  pasture  or  remains  in  forest. 

The  Upshur  clay,  derived  from  beds  of  red  shales,  occur 
in  small  areas  on  hillsides.  It  is  a productive  soil  and  ranks 
next  to  the  limestone  soil  (Westmoreland  silty  clay  loam)  in 
adaptability  to  bluegrass. 

The  Upshur  silt  loam  is  of  small  extent,  being  limited  to 


SOILS 


091 

areas  in  the  central  districts  on  the  extreme  western  boundary 
of  Doddridge  county.  It  is  a strong,  productive  sail. 

The  Dekalb  silty  clay  loam  is  associated  with  the  limestone 
land  of  Harrison  county,  but  like  the  Dekalb  silt  loam  is  not  a 
strong  soil,  not  holding  grass  well.  It  is  characterized  by 
hilly  topography  and  occurs  on  very  steep  slopes. 

The  Westmoreland  silty  clay  loam  is  the  limestone  land 
of  Harrison  county  and  is  especially  prized  as  grazing  land 
because  of  its  natural  adaptation  to  bluegrass.  Stock  grazing 
is  most  important  on  the  farms  of  this  type. 

The  valley  soils  are  those  of  the  high  terraces  and  the 
first  bottoms.  The  Elk  silt  loam  is  found  on  the  high  ter- 
races in  the  main  stream  valleys.  It  is  not  a strong  grass 
soil,  but  can  be  easily  improved  and  has  a wide  range  in 
adaptation.  It  offers  opportunities  for  the  development  of 
a trucking  industry  to  supply  local  markets  in  the  towns 
and  at  the  mines. 

The  Tyler  silt  loam  is  a second-bottom  soil  of  small  ex- 
tent. 

The  first-bottom  lands  comprise  two  types,  the  Moshan- 
non  silt  loam  and  the  Huntington  silt  loam.  The  former 
occurs  in  the  western  part  of  the  area  and  is  influenced  by 
the  wash  from  the  red  shale  soils.  The  Huntington  silt 
loam  is  a brownish  first-bottom  soil  and  is  closely  asso- 
ciated with  the  limestone  lands  of  the  county.  Both  these 
types  are  very  productive  and  are  most  important  in  the 
agriculture  of  the  county,  though  the  areas  are  small  and 
scattered. 

Rough  stony  land  comprises  the  precipitous  cliffs  of 
massive  sandstone  on  the  hillsides,  with  talus  slopes  beneath. 
They  have  no  value  except  for  forestry  and  grazing. 

The  average  size  of  farms  in  Doddridge  county  is  107.6 
acres  and  in  Harrison  116.7  acres.  The  percentage  of  farms 
operated  by  the  owners  in  Doddridge  county  is  75.7  and  in 
Harrison  81.5. 

Farm  labor  is  scarce,  better  wages  being  paid  in  the  oil 
and  gas  fields.  With  the  development  of  these  resources  and 
the  sale  of  coal  lands  considerable  revenue  accrues  to  land- 


WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


695 


owners  in  royalties  and  rentals,  making  them  generally  pros- 
perous. This  fact  has  diverted  attention  from  farming. 

Stock  raising  should  be  extended.  By  improving  the 
pastures  by  reseeding  oftener  and  by  using  fertilizers  the 
grazing  capacity  of  the  land  could  be  greatly  increased.  The 
rougher  lands  should  be  utilized  for  sheep  raising. 

Fruit  growing  might  well  be  developed  and  apples  in 
particular  would  do  well  on  the  north  and  east  slopes.  The 
terrace  soils  are  adapted  to  truck  crops,  for  which  there  is 
a strong  demand  in  local  markets.  The  same  is  true  of  dairy 
products  and  poultry. 

The  opportunity  for  systematic  forestry  appears  promis- 
ing. Much  of  the  rough  land  is  suited  to  little  else.  Many  of 
the  steep  slopes  now  suffering  from  erosion  might  be  refor- 
ested and  the  timber  grown  used  for  fence  posts.  This  would 
seem  to  be  the  type  of  forestry  offering  the  most  immediate 
profits. 


APPENDIX 


LEVELS  ABOVE  MEAN  TIDE  IN  THE 
DODDRIDGE-HARRISON  AREA. 

Grafton  and  Parkersburg  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  & Ohio 

Railroad. 


0.0 

17.2 

22.2 

23.7 

25.8 

26.9 

29.5 

31.0 

33.6 

35.6 
36.8 
41.2 

43.6 

46.4 

48.0 

49.5 

52.5 

55.7 

56.7 
103.1 


| Graf  ten 


Katy  Lick  R.  R.  Junction 

Wo’f  Summit 

Maken  

Bristol  

Salem  

Industrial  School 

Long  Run 

Morgansville  

Smithburg  

Rock  Run 

West  Union 


Count) 

Elevation 
above  Tide 
Feet 

iTaylor  

| 999.85 

Harrison  .... 

| 984.00 

|Harrison 

1008.7 

[Harrison  .... 

| 965.0 

Harrison  .... 

985.0 

Harrison  .... 

1013.0 

'Harrison  .... 

1133.0 

Harrison  

1054.0 

Harrison  .... 

1030.0 

Harrison  .... 

1047.0 

Harrison  .... 

1074.0 

Doddridge  . . 

855.0 

Doddridge  . . 

813.0 

Doddridge  . . 

797.0 

Doddridge  . . 

788.0 

Doddridge  . . 

822.0 

Doddridge  . . 

816.0 

Doddridge  . . 

950.00 

Doddridge  . . 

874.0 

!Wood  

642.0 

Monongahela  River  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  & Ohio  Railroad 


Distance 
from  Fairmont 
Miles 

Station 

County 

Elevation 
above  Tide 
Feet 

0.0  | 

Fairmont  

Marion  

882.66 

13 . 3 

Enterprise  

Harrison  .... 

909.91 

14.3 

15.5 

Viropa  

Riverdale  

Harrison  .... 
Harrison  .... 

906.76 

907.66 

15.9  I 

Shinnston  

Harrison  .... 

908.93 

i 

19.2  1 

Haywood  

Harrison  .... 

912.09 

20.8 

Gypsy  

Harrison  .... 

912.16 

21.5  | 

Maulsby  

Harrison  .... 

926.46 

23.4  I 

Meadowbrook  

Harrison  .... 

920.50 

24.8 

Haning  

Harrison  

Harrison  .... 

935.96 

28.1 

Glen  Falls 

928.50 

30.6 

North  view  

Harrison  .... 

975.06 

31.4 

W.  Va.  & Pittsburgh  Junction 

Harrison  .... 

993.46 

32.1 

Clarksburg  

Harrison  .... 

1008.72 

WEST  VIRGINIA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


69 


West  Virginia  & Pittsburgh  Branch  of  the  B.  & O.  R.  R. 


Distance 

from  Ciarksb'g  Station  County 

Miles 

Elevation 
above  Tide 
Feet 

0.0  (Clarksburg  

Harrison 

1008.72 
| 951.30 

963.46 
1016.30 
| 1026.30 

2199.80 

1.3  (West  C’arksburg 

Harrison  .... 
Harrison  .... 
Harrison  .... 
Harrison  .... 
Nicholas  .... 

5 3 (Lynch  Mine  (Station) 

7.2  (Byron  

12.2  Lost  Creek 

121.0  Richwood  

West  Virginia  Short  Line  Branch  of  the  B.  & O.  R.  R. 


Distance  from 

N.  Martinsville'  Station 

Miles 

County 

Elevation 
above  tide 
Feet 

0 0 New  Martinsville 

Wetzel 

633.7 

965. 

33.35  Bridge  No.  328,  Talkington  Creek.... 

Harrison  .... 

34.00  Bridge  No.  334,  Fishing  Creek 

Harrison  .... 

994. 

35.87  [Tunnel  No.  3,  West  end 

Harrison  .... 

1078.82 

37.00  Bridge  No.  364,  Mud  Lick  Run 

Harrison  .... 

1068. 

38.67  |Bridge  No.  380,  Little  Ten  Mile  Creek. 

Harrison 

1038. 

38.85  Bridge  No.  382,  Little  Ten  Mile  Creek. 

Harrison  .... 

1034.5 

38.89  | WALLACE  

Harrison  .... 

1034 

39.10  Bridge  No.  384,  Little  Ten  Mile  Creek. 

Harrison  .... 

1030.5 

39.29  Bridge  No.  386,  Little  Ten  Mile  Creek. 

Harrison  .... 

1027.5 

40.34  Bridge  No.  397,  Little  Ten  Mile  Creek. 

Harrison  .... 

1009 

41.01  Bridge  No.  404,  Little  Ten  Mile  Creek. 

Harrison 

1001.5 

41.22  | BROWN  

Harrison  .... 

999 

41.71  (Bridge  No.  411,  Little  Ten  Mile  Creek. 

Harrison  .... 

995.5 

42.36  Bridge  No.  418,  Little  Ten  Mile  Creek. 

Harrison  .... 

984 

42.72  Bridge  No.  421,  Little  Ten  Mile  Creek. 

Harrison  .... 

979.5 

42.98  (Bridge  No.  424,  Little  Ten  Mile  Creek. 

Harrison  .... 

976 

43.85  |Bridge  No.  432,  Little  Ten  Mile  Creek. 

Harrison  .... 

967.5 

44.52  Bridge  No.  439,  Little  Ten  Mile  Creek. 

Harrison  .... 

959 

44.70  Bridge  No.  441,  Little  Ten  Mile  Creek. 

Harrison  .... 

957 

44.96  Bridge  No.  443,  Little  Ten  Mile  Creek 

Harrison  .... 

953 

45.32  Bridge  No.  447,  Little  Ten  Mile  Creek. 

Harrison  .... 

948.5 

46.38  [Bridge  No.  458,  Little  Ten  Mile  Creek. 

Harrison  .... 

936 

47.83  Bridge  No.  472,  Little  Ten  Mile  Creek. 

Harrison  .... 

934 

48.09  |Bridge  No.  475,  Little  Ten  Mile  Creek. 

Harrison  .... 

933 

49.13  (Bridge  No.  485,  Little  Ten  Mile  Creek. 

Harrison  .... 

925 

49.27  (LUMBERPORT  

Harrison  .... 

927.83 

49.46  Bridge  No.  488,  Little  Ten  Mile  Creek. 

Harrison  .... 

927.08 

49.68  Bridge  No.  491,  Little  Ten  Mile  Creek. 

Harrison  .... 

929 

52.49  IBridge  No.  518,  Lambert  Run 

Harrison  .... 

988.08 

54.10  Hepzibah  Summit 

Harrison  .... 

1033.12 

57.16  Bridge  No.  566,  Crooked  Run 

Harrison  .... 

985 

58.25  Bridge  No.  576,  Limestone  Run 

Harrison  .... 

969 

58.55  (Adamston  

Harrison  .... 

968 

59.21  IBridge  No.  586,  Elk  Creek 

Harrison  . . . . j 

970 

59.6  1 CLARKSBURG  

Harrison  ....( 

1008.72 

For  other  elevations,  determined  by  the  United  States 
Geological  Survey,  and  arranged  by  quadrangles,  the  reader 
is  referred  to  Bulletin  II  of  the  West  Virginia  Geological 
Survey. 


INDEX 


A 

Page 

Abbreviations,  Doddridge  re- 
cords   288-289 

Abbreviations,  Harrison  re- 
cords   406-407,  426 

Acme  Carbon  Co 656,  659 

Adams,  J.  J.,  No.  1 302,  400 

Adams,  Wm.,  No.  1 298 

Adamston,  Acct.  of 25 

Adamston  section 117 

Adamsville  section 107 

Adolescence  of  rivers 33 

Age  of  rivers 33 

Agriculture  666-671 

Albers,  Christian,  No.  1 

85,  300,  384 

Albright,  G.  W.,  Nos.  1 & 3. 


414,  464 

Albright,  G.  W.,  No.  2 414 


Allegheny  Series,  Thickness ...  130 

Allen,  Benton,  No.  5 292,  325 

Allen,  Boyd,  No.  1 422 

Allen,  Israel,  No.  1 292,  323 

Allen,  M N.,  No.  1 292 

Allen,  W.  B.,  No.  7 292,  325 

Allen,  Wm.  T.,  No.  1 410,  448 

Allender,  C.  D.,  No.  1 298 

Alliance  section 141 

Ames  limestone 250-256 

Ames  shale 250 

Analyses  of  coal 633-640 

Analyses  of  Natural  gas 508 

Anderson,  B.  F.,  No.  2 420 

Andrews  250 

Ankrom,  David  No.  1 298 

Ann  Run  section 222 

Anns  Run,  Coal  on 256 

Ann  Run,  Limestone  on 250 

Anticline,  Definition  of 48 

Anticlines,  Description  of: 

Arches  Fork 5J 

Beards  Run 59 

Big  Moses 54 

Chestnut  Ridge 58 

Ruraldale  60 

Wolf  Summit 56 

Arches  Fork  anticline 55 

Area  by  districts: 

Doddridge  county 6 

Harrison  county 11 

Arnold  creek 36,  45 

Arnold  creek,  coal  along 189 

Arnoldsburg  sandstone 194 

Ash,  Angeline,  No.  1 422,  530 

Ash,  J.  H.,  No.  1 292,  323 

Ash,  L.  E.,  No.  159 414 

Ash,  Silas,  No.  2 292,  329 

Ash,  Thomas,  No.  1 292 

Ashcraft,  A.  J.,  No.  1 290,307 

Ashcraft,  A.  J.,  core  test 290 

Ashcraft,  Caleb,  No.  1 290 


Page 

Ashcraft,  Chas.,  No  1 416 

Ashcraft,  Curtis,  No  1 418 

Ashcraft,  Geo.,  No.  1 290,  307 

Ashcraft,  Joseph,  No.  1...420,  518 
Ashcraft,  O.  V.,  No.  2117.. 416,  492 

Ashcraft,  Wm.,  No.  1 422 

Ashley,  Coal  near 158 

Ashley  section 136 

Avon,  coal  near 164 

Axis  of  folds' 48 

Ayers,  L.  J.,  No.  1 414,474 


B 

Bailey,  A.  C.,  Nos.  1 & 8 

410,  452,  455 

Bailey,  Calvern,  No.  1 410 

Bailey,  F.  M.,  No.  1 414,  475 

Ba’Tey,  Marshall,  No.  1...410,  442 

Baker,  J.  C.,  No.  1 408 

Baker,  Sarah,  No.  1 416,  489 

Bakerstown  coal 267 

Ballouz,  A.  C.,  No.  1 290,  309 

Baltimore  & Ohio  R.  R. : 

Coal  on 257,  640 

Levels  on 696-697 

Monongahela  River  Branch... 2 

Southwest  Branch 2 

W.  Va.  & Pittsburgh  Branch.  . .2 

W.  Va.  Short  Line  Branch 3 

Barnard  Coal  Co 608,  638 

Barnes,  Susan,  No.  5 410,  454 

Barnett  run.  Limestone  on 238 

Bartlett,  Addison,  No.  1 422 

Bartlett,  C.  D.  No.  1 290,  318 

Bartlett,  Dora  (J.  R.),  No.  1.. 

420,  516 

Bartlett,  F.  J.,  No.  1 290,  317 

Bartlett,  Homer,  No.  1 412 

Bartlett,  J.  R.,  No.  1 420,  519 

Bartlett,  J.  R.,  coal  mine.. 575,  635 

Bartlett,  L.  E.,  No.  1 408,  434 

Bartlett,  S.  R.„  coal  mine 206 

Bartlett,  S.  T.,  No.  1 292 

Bassell  Heirs  Nos.  1 & 2.. 424,  543 

Bassell,  L.  M.,  No.  1 424,  542 

Bates-Harbert  No.  1 408,  436 

Bates,  Ucal,  No.  1941 290,  305 

Bayard  sand 283 

Beacon  Carbon  Black  plant. . . 

656,  660 

Bean,  J.  W.,  coal  mine 576 

Beards  Run  anticline 59 

Beards  Run  section 223 

Bee,  Rachael  (Wy  cliff),  No. 

1 298,  367 

Beech  Heirs  No.  1 422 

Beede,  J.  W.,  Report  of 253 

Bender,  J.  G„  No.  1 422 

Benedum  Heirs  No.  1 422 

Benedum.  J.  D.,  coal  mine.  160,  633 

Bennett,  E.  T.,  No.  1 408,  429 

Bennett,  Frank  L 647 


INDEX. 


699 


Page 

Bennett,  I.  C.,  No.  1 414,  480 

Bennett,  Mary  A.,  No.  2 408 

Bennett,  Stephen,  No.  2 

Bennett,  T.  C-,  Nos.  1 & 3.408,  434 

Benson,  Population  of •"£ 

Benson  section 102 

Benwood  limestone Vo?? 

Berea  Grit  sand 85,  277 

Bice,  Beckwith,  No.  1 414 

Bice,  H.  H.,  No.  1 420 

Bice,  H.  H.,  core  test 420 

Bice,  J.  L.,  No.  1 420 

Big  Battle  section .74 

Big  Dunkard  sand •••274 

Big  Injun  sand 277,  281 

Big  Isaac,  Acct.  of 10 

Big  Isaac  sections 89,  140 

Big  Lime  276 

B'g  Moses  anticline 54 

Bingamon  creek 36,  40 

Birmingham  shale 248 

Bishop,  I.  C.,  No.  1 424 

Blake,  L.  D,  No.  1 424,  048 

Bland,  H.  J.,  coal  mine 163 

Bland,  John,  No.  1 300,  387 

Blue  Monday  sand 334 

Blue  Ridge  Coal  Co.  . .563,  590,  635 

Bode,  Henry,  No.  1 300,  385 

Bode,  James  H.,  Nos.  1 & 8.. 

298,  381 

Bode,  John  A.,  Nos.  1 & 2.298,  381 

Bode,  Wm.  H 298,  381 

Boggess,  E.  S.,  No.  1 290 

Boggess,  Lee  (C.  E).,  No.  4.. 

418,  501 

Boiier  tests  of  coal 605,  610 

Booher,  Frank,  No.  1 418 

Booher,  W.  J..  No.  1 290 

Booth  (Carr)  H.,  No.  1....424,  554 

Booths  creek 36,  42 

Boothsville  section 109 

Boughner,  D.,  No.  1 412,  464 

Brady,  S.  D..579,  580,  581,  582,  591, 
592,  593,  594,  598,  599,  600,  601, 
602,  603,  604,  610,  611,  614,  615 

Bramer,  Benj.,  No.  1 410 

Brannon,  P.,  No.  1 300,  348 

Brick  Plants 346-350 

Bridgeport,  Acct.  of 26 

Bridgeport  clay  mine 236 

Bridgeport,  Coal  at 257 

Bridgeport  electric  line 3 

Bridgeport  Lamp  Chimney  Co.. 27 

Bridgeport,  Pottery  at 27 

Bridgeport  Saw  & P.  M.  Co., 

No.  1 422,  535 

Bridgeport  sections ...  119,  245,  251 

Briggs,  I.  L 18 

Bristol,  Acct.  of 29 

Bristol,  Coal  near 167 

Bristol  limestone 168 

British  Thermal  Unit 565 

Britton,  Fielding,  No.  1 296 

Broadwater,  C.  P.,  No.  1..298,  371 
Brohard,  J.  I.,  Coal  on.... 256,  640 

Brooks,  A.  B 653,  654 

Brown,  B.  H.,  Nos.  12  & 13. 

412,  464 

Brown,  B.  W.,  No.  1 422,  528 

Brown,  J.  W.,  No.  1 422 

Brown,  W.  B.,  No.  1588...  414,  481 
Brown,  Acct.  of 31 


Page 

Brown,  Coal  near 166,  192 

Brown  section 90 

Browns  creek  36 

Browns  creek,  Quarries  along. 230 

Brush  creek  coal 269 

Brush  Creek  limestone 269 

Brushy  Fork  section 208 

Buffalo  sandstone 268 

Building  stone 651-653 

Burchfield  syncline 60 

Burnside,  Asa  215 

Burnside,  G.  W.,  No.  1 302,400 

Burnside  & Smith  No.  1.  . .424,  551 
Burnside,  Mary  J.,  No.  1..424,  552 

Burnside,  W.  S.  No.  1 414,  481 

Burnside,  W.  S.,  No.  1 414 

Burton  sandstone 148 

Bush,  C.  L 16 

Byron,  Acct.  of 28 

Byron  Coal  Co 564,  612,  639 

Byron,  Quarries  at 230-231 

Byron  section 122 


C 

Cabot,  Godfrey  L.,  Paper  by. 

657-660 

Cain,  Ed.,  No,  1 296 

Cain,  Silas,  No.  1 294,  343 

Cain,  Vincent,  No.  1 296,  351 

Caldwell,  Chas.,  coal  mine 162 

Camden  Heirs  No.  1 290,  313 

Camden,  J.  N 2 

Campbell,  Jos.  M.,  No.  1 416 

Canton,  Coal  near 159 

Canton  section  75 

Carbon  Black  industry 656-660 

Carbon  Black,  Manufacture  of. 

657-660 

Carder,  Isaac,  No.  2 416 

Carboniferous  rocks,  Table  of. 

68-69 

Carder,  J.  B.,  No.  1 302 

Carr,  J.  M.,  No.  1 422 

Carr,  M.  J..  No.  1 294,  339 

Carter,  Harrison,  No.  1 422 

Carter-Harris  No,  1 298,  364 

Cascara  section 137 

Cassville  Plant  shale 176 

Castle  Brook  Carbon  Co... 656,  659 
Catskill  series,  Thickness ....  130 

Cavalier,  S.  A.,  No.  4 408,  432 

Centerpoint  oil  pool..., 285 

Centerpoint,  Acct.  of 9 

Centerpoint,  Coal  near 158-159 

Centerpoint  section 72 

Central  District,  Area  of 6 

Central  District,  Minable  coal. 323 
Central  District,  Prospective  oil. 

369 

Central  District  sections  ....80-32 
Central  District  well  records 

363-370 

Central  Fairmont  C.  Co 

563,  607,  638 

Central  Station,  Acct.  of 8 

Central  Sta.,  Meteorological 

data  663-664 

Central  Station  section 139 

Chalfant,  Nettie  (Martha), 

No.  1 420,  520 

Chalfant,  Wm.,  No.  1878.. 416,  492 


700 


INDEX. 


Page 

Chambers,  W.  A 516 

Chapman,  L.  G.,  No.  1....298,  381 
Chemung  series,  Thickness  of.  130 

Chestnut  Ridge  anticline ..58 

Cheuvront,  Joseph,  No.  1..296,  356 

Chisler,  John,  No.  1 296,  366 

Clark  and  Schuchert 122 

Clark,  Geo.  R 15 

Clark,  Charlotte,  No.  3....  302,  399 
Clark,  Marcellus,  No.  2... 302,  400 

Clark  District,  Area  of H 

Clark  District,  Minable  coal...  629 
Clark  District,  Prospective  oil.530 
Clark  District  sections  ...114-118 
Clark  District  well  records. . . 

528-531 

Clarksburg: 

Account  of 13 

Glass  industries 15 

Limestone  at 226 

Miscellaneous  industries 17 

Population  15 

Clarksburg  Casket  Co 19 

Clarksburg  coal,  Little 231 

Clarksburg  Foundry  and  Cast- 
ing Co 19 

Clarksburg  fire  clay  shale.  236,  644 

Clarksburg  Gas  Coal  Co 

564,  571,  615,  633,  640 

Clarksburg  Glass  Co 15 

Clarksburg  High  Grade  Shale 

Brick  Co 647 

Clarksburg  limestone  237-240 

Clarksburg  Opalescent  Glass 

Works  17 

Clarksburg  red  shale .240 

Clarksburg  section  112,  182 

Clays,  Transported 644-646 

Clarksburg  Zinc  Co 18 

Clays  and  clay  industry ...  643-646 

Clay  District,  Area  of 11 

Clay  District,  Minable  coal.... 627 
Clay  District,  Prospective  oil. 522 
Clay  District,  Sections  ...107-110 
Clay  District  well  records . 505-522 

Cleiland,  James 15 

Climate  661-666 

Coal  Analyses,  Table  of...  633-640 

Coal,  Chapter  on 560-642 

Coal,  Minable  565 

Coal,  Minable,  by  districts . 621-631 
Coal  mines,  Page  reference  to.  641 

Coal,  Summary  of 620 

Coal  production,  Statistics  of: 

Harrison  county 561-564 

Order  of  counties 561 

Coals,  Diagram  of 566 

Coals  of  Allegheny  series . 619-620 
Coals  of  Conemaugh  series . . 

617-618 

Coals  of  Dunkard  series 565 

Coals  of  Monongahela  series. 

568-617 

Coal  District,  Area  of 11 

Coal  District,  Minable  coal.... 628 
Coal  District,  Prospective  oil.  .527 

Coal  District  sections 110-114 

Coal  District,  well  records . . 

522-528 

Coffindaffer,  Abram,  Nos.  2 

& 3 414,  475 

Coffindaffer,  Emily  F.,  No.  1...416 


Page 

Coffman,  E L.,  No.  1 418,  500 

Coffman,  E.  L.,  No.  2362 418 

Coffman,  Felix,  No.  1 408,  434 

Coffman,  Geo.,  No.  1 413 

Coffman,  James,  No.  1 418,  493 

Coffman,  Luther,  No.  1 416 

Coffman,  Theodore,  No.  1 418 

Coke  production 562-564 

Coking  tests  of  coal 606,  610 

Coldwater  sections 86,  139 

Cole,  D.  M.,  coal  mine 212 

Coleman,  Thos.,  Jr 17 

Collins,  Alfred,  coal  mine.  190,  633 
Conemaugh  Series,  Discussion 

of  220-269 

Conemaugh  Series,  Thickness 

of  130 

Conley,  Arthur,  No.  1 424,  557 

Conley,  Edward,  No.  1....294,  424 
Connellsville  sandstone  ...229-231 
Consolidation  Coal  Co.  well.... 422 
Consolidation  Coal  Co.,  No.  1..420 
Consolidation  Coal  Co.: 


Mine 

No. 

21.  . 

562,  590,  636 

Mine 

No. 

23.  . 

562 

Mi-ne 

No. 

25.  . 

562,  603,  638 

Mine 

No. 

27.  . 

562,  594,  636 

Mine 

No. 

29.  . 

562,  603,  638 

Mine 

No. 

31.  . 

562,  639 

Mine 

No 

32.  . 

562,  585,  635 

Mine 

No.' 

33.  . 

Mine 

No. 

35.  . 

562,  599,  637 

Mine 

No. 

36.  . 

583,  634 

Mine 

No. 

39.  . 

562,  611,  639 

Mine 

No. 

40.  . 

<.562,  580,  634 

Mme 

No. 

42.  . 

Mine 

No. 

44.  . 

562,  614,  639 

Mine 

No 

46.  . 

562,  610,  639 

Mine 

No. 

48.  . 

562,  595,  636 

Mine 

No. 

49.  . 

Mine 

No. 

50.  . 

. .562,  599,  600,  637 

Mine 

No. 

51.  . 

562,  581,  634 

Mine 

No. 

52.  . 

562,  604,  638 

Mme 

No. 

54.  . 

562,  583,  634 

Mine 

No. 

55.  . 

562,  592,  636 

Mine 

No. 

58.  . 

563,  603,  638 

Mine 

No. 

60.  . 

563,  612,  639 

Mine 

No. 

61 . . . 

585,  634-635 

Mine 

No. 

62.  . 

. .563,  595,  636-637 

Mine 

No. 

64.  . 

563,  614,  639 

Mine 

No. 

65.  . 

563,  580,  634 

Mine 

No. 

66.  . 

563,  581,  634 

Glen 

Falls  Mine 562,594,636 

Maulsby  Mine 591,636 

O’Neil  Mine  No.  2 599,637 

Reynoldsville  Mine 597,637 

Cook  C.  & C.  Co 563,592,636 

Cook  & Hart  Coal  Co 564 

Cookman,  Adam,  No.  1 424 

Coon,  Robt.  W.,  No.  1 

112,  422,  527 

Cooper,  Frank,  No.  1 296,  367 

Copeland  Heirs  No.  1 412,  472 

Copenhaver,  Acena,  No.  1.416,  486 
Copenhaver,  J.  E.,  No.  1..416,  485 

Coplin  Heirs  No.  1 ..120 

Cornell  and  Lang,  Coal  on.  258,  640 

Corona  C.  & C.  Co 563,  596,  637 

Corpening,  Alice,  No.  1....420,  510 

Corpening,  Geo.  E.,  No.  1 422 

Cost,  John,  No.  1 117,  422 

Costilow,  Joseph,  No.  1 294 


INDEX 


701 


Page 

Costilow,  W.  A.,  No.  1 294 

Coulehan,  John,  No.  1 296,  354 

County  Farm  No.  1 298 

Cove  creek  36 

Cove  District,  Area  of 6 

Cove  District,  Minable  coal.  ...623 
Cove  District,  Prospective  oil 

development  385 

Cove  District  section 83-85 

Cove  District,  well  records.. 

381-386 

Cow  Run  sand,  1st 273 

Cow  Run  sand,  2nd 274 

Cox,  D.  E.,  No.  1 302 

Cox.  Jacob,  No.  1 300,  394 


,300, 


77, 


393 

420 

294 


Cox,  J.  M.j  No.  1 . . . 

Cox  & Reed  No.  1 . . 

Crabtree,  J.  D.,  No. 

Craigmoor,  Limestone  near.... 263 

Creston  Red  Shale 155 

Crinoidal  coal 256 

Crocker-Hall  No.  1 416,  476 

Cronmeyer,  E.  L 18 

Crook,  B.  M.,  core  test 300 

Crooked  Run,  Coal  at 233 

Cross,  S.  S.,  No.  1 412,  452,  469 

Cumberledge,  George,  Nos.  1 
& 2 . . .292  320 

Cumbridge,  Henry,  No.  (£).... 292 
Cumpston,  J.  C.,  No.  1....300,  394 
Cunningham,  Dan’l  F.,  No.  1. 

416,  490 

Cunningham,  J.  B.,  No.  1.... 

105,  418,  493,  508 

Cunningham,  Jack,  No.  1933.. 

298  368 

Curry,  Frank  C.,  No.  1.  . . .416,  475 


D 


Dakon,  J.  G.,  No.  3 412,  465 

Daniel  Coal  Co 564,  613,  639 

Davidson,  Edgar,  No.  1 302 

Davis,  Albert  A.,  No.  1....294,  347 

Davis,  C.  G.,  No.  1 294,  340 

Davis,  Felix,  No  1 294 

Davis,  F.  M.,  No.  1 414 

Davis,  Hick,  No.  1 300,  396 

Davis,  H.  S.,  No.  1 416,484,487 

Davis,  Isaac,  No.  1 290 

Davis,  Levi,  No.  1 424 

Davis,  Lloyd,  No.  1 296,  353 

Davis,  L.  D.,  No.  1 302 

Davis,  L.  T.,  No.  1 296,  355 

Davis,  Lucius,  No.  1 422 

Davis,  O.  G.,  No.  1 302 

Davis,  R.  G.,  No.  3 302,  400 

Davis  He’rs  No.  1 420 

Davis,  S.  O.,  No.  1 424 


Davisson,  A.  H 126,  424,  557 

Davisson,  Claude,  No.  1 

123,  422,  539 

Davisson,  C.  W.,  No.  1....290,  314 
Davisson,  Edgar,  No.  1....392,  402 
Davisson,  Josiah,  coal  mine...  159 
Davisson,  Josiah,  No.  1..299,  306 
Davisson,  L.  B.,  No.  1....424,  547 

Davisson,  M.  V.,  No.  1 412,  458 

Davisson,  M.,  Nos.  6 & 11.... 

294,  348,  412,  459 

Davisson,  M.  K.,  No.  1840.408,  441 

Davisson,  Reason,  No.  1 424 


Page 

Davisson,  R.  B.,  No.  1 294 

Davisson,  S.  J.,  No.  1 421,  547 

Dav;sson  Run,  Coal  on 258 

Dekalb  silt  loam 682 

Dekalb  silty  clay  loam 680 

Dekalb  silty  clay  loam,  Analy- 
sis of 682 

Denham.  M.  E.  & E.  G.,  No.  1 . .418 

Dennison,  E.  L.,  No.  1 408 

Dennison,  E.  L.,  No.  1 410 

Dennison,  J.  W.,  No.  13 412 

Despard,  B.  M 91 

Devonian  rocks,  Table  of G9 

Devonian  rocks,  Thickness  of.  .130 
Dewhurst,  J.  B.,  Nos.  1 & 18. 

292,  319 

Deweytown,  Coal  near 192 

Deweytown  section 97 

Diamond  Carbon  Black  Co 656 

Dillon,  Mary  V.,  No.  1 300,  393 

Dixie  Mine 610 

Doak,  Charles,  No.  1 292,  329 

Doddridge  County: 

Area  by  districts 6 

Description  of 6 

Elevation  of 6 

Farm  products 7 

Population  of 6 

Sections  in 69-89 

Towns  of 8 

Valuation  of  property 7 

Well  records  in 287-405 

Well  records,  Summarized. 


4C7U-OUO 

Dola,  Population  of 31 

Dola  sections 205,  232 

Dolan,  M.,  No.  1 412 

Dotson,  D.  L.,  No.  1 :296,  352 

Dotson,  Finley,  No.  1 296,  363 

Douglas,  S.  H.,  No.  1 298,  368 

Drummond,  F.  J.,  No.  1512....  418 
Duckworth*  W.  A.,  No.  1..296,  366 

Dunkard  coal  151 

Dunkard  formations,  Descrip- 
tion of 143-177 

Dunkard  sand,  Big 274 

Dunkard  sand,  Little 273 

Dunkard  series: 

Age  of 177 

Description  of 132 

Doddridge  Co.,  Sections  of. 

136-140 

General  section  of .134 

Harrison  Co.,  Sections  of. 

140-143 

Thickness  of 130 

Dunkin,  W.  F 27 

Dye  & Wise  Nos.  1 & 2 290 


E 

Eagle  District,  Are£t  of 11 

Eagle  District,  Minable  coal.  ..626 
Eagle  District,  Prospective  oil. 505 
Eagle  District  sections  ...104-107 
Eagle  District  well  records.. 

484-505 

Eagle  Mills,  Coal  near 158 

Eddy,  Isaac,  Nos.  1 & 2 302 

Edgell,  Chas.,  No.  1 292 

Edgell,  E.  E.,  No.  1 414 

Edgell,  T.  B.,  Nos.  1 & 3 292 


70  2 


INDEX. 


Page 

Edgell,  W.  N.j  No.  2147... 410,  447 

Electric  Railroads 3 

Elk  creek 36,  43 

Elk  District,  Area  of 11 

Elk  District,  M’nable  coal 631 

Elk  District,  Prospective  oil.  ..559 

Elk  District  sections  126-129 

Elk  District  well  records ..  554-559 

Elk  Lick  coal  242-245 

Elk  Lick  limestone  245 

Elk  silt  loam  686 

Ellifritt,  . F.,  coal  mine 162 

ElEott,  S.  A.,  No.  1 420,  520 

Elm  Grove  limestone 176 

Engstrom,  Harold 656 

Enterprise,  Acct.  of 29 

Enterprise  gauging  station 37 

Eshenf elder,  A.  W ..16 

Estlack,  E.  M.,  No.  2 410 

Estlack,  F.  S.,  No.  1 290 

Ewing  limestone 262 


F 


Fair  Ground  Imp.  Co.  No.  1.  . . .422 
Fairmont  & Balto.  C.  & C. 

Co  564,  601,  638 

Fairmont  & Clarksburg  Trac- 


tion Co 3 

Fairs,  Walter  S.,  No.  1 416 

Fancher,  Wm.,  No.  1 420 

Farnum,  Population  of 31 


Fauna  of  Ames  limestone.  . 253-255 


Fayette  Coal  Co 564,  587,  635 

Fifth  sand 283 

Fifty-foot  sand 278 

Finley  Heirs,  Loretta,  No.  1...414 

F’rst  Cow  Run  sand 273 

Fish  Creek  coal  149 

Fish  Creek  sandstone  149 

Fisher,  Chas.,  No.  1 300,  385 

Fisher,  Louisa  (Fred),  No.  3. 

300  392 

Fittro,’  Siias,*  No.  i.  .'  ! ! ! ! . 412,’  459 

Fittro,  Silas,  No.  2 412,  452 

Flanagan,  A.  W.  P.,  No.  2 412 

Flanagan,  James,  No.  2145.410,  450 

Flanagan,  S.  T.,  No.  1 410,446 

Flanagan,  Wm.,  No,  1 298 

Flannagan  Heirs 80 

Fleming,  Lafayette,  No.  1.296,  361 
Fleming,  Sanford,  No  1..414,  477 

Flint,  John,  No.  2 ’ 412 

Flint  Run 36 

Flowers,  F.,  stone  quarry 201 

Foley,  B.,  et  al.,  No.  1 296 

Folsom  oil  pool 286 

Fonda  sections 92,  142 

Forests  653-655 

Ford  Heirs,  I.  H.,  core  test....  290 

Ford,  E.  O.,  No.  1 296 

Fortney,  Clara,  No,  1 410 

Fortney,  Ellis,  No.  1 418,  497 


Fossil  fauna 253-255 

Foster  No.  1 424 

Fourth  sand 282 

Fox,  Robt.,  et  al..  No.  1 424 

Freeman  Bros.  No.  1 294 

Freeman  Heirs  No.  1 302 

Freeman,  Joseph,  No.  1 296 

Freeman,  J.  F.,  No.  1 424 

Freeman,  Wtm.,  No.  1 296 


Page 

Fretto,  S.,  No.  4 412 

Friendsville  coal 256 

Frum,  George,  No.  1 290,  315 

Frum,  S.,  No.  153 310 

Frum,  Solomon,  No.  1 290 

Fuel  ratio 565 

Fuel  tests  of  coal . 604-606,  609-610 

Fulton  green  shale 197 

Fultz  Heirs  No.  1092 412 

Fultz,  J.  M.,  Nos.  4 & 6 412,  464 

Furner,  H.  M.,  No.  1 414,  471 


G 

Gabbert,  Mary  E.,  No.  1 300 

Gain,  Columbus,  No.  1 412 

Gainer,  L.,  No.  1 300 

Gaines,  Samuel,  No.  2 412 

Gamp,  John,  No.  1 300,  385 

Gantz  sand 278 

Gaston,  Clark,  coal  mine 212 

Gaston,  Ella  M.,  No.  1 298 

Gaston,  Enoch,  No.  1 424,  551 

Gaston,  Morris,  coal  mine 163 

Gaston,  S.  M.,  No.  1 298,  375 

Gaston,  Wm.,  No  1 414,  482 

Gawthrop,  D,  H 118 

Gemps,  John,  No.  1 300,  385 

General  sections: 

Conemaugh  series 220 

Dunkard  series 134 

Monongahela  series 179 

Geologic  structure 48 

George  Heirs  mine 158 

Geo-syncline  53 

Gifford,  F.  M.,  No.  1 408,  439 

Gifford,  T.  F.,  No.  2102 422,  524 

Gilboy  sandstone 186 

Gilmore  coal 145 

Gilmore  limestone 14  6 

Gilmore  sandstone 145 

Glacial  effects 35,  47 

Glass  Industries: 

Doddridge  county 8 

Harrison  county 15-17 

Glen  Falls,  Acct.  of 30 

Glen  Falls  section 227 

Glen  View  Brick  Co 648 

Goff,  Nathan  No.  ( ) 422 

Goff,  Nathan,  No.  39 408,439 

Goff,  Nathan,  No.  45 92,408 

Goodhope,  Population  of 31 

Goodhope  sections 103,  223 

Goodwin,  John  No.  2 410 

Goodwin,  John  T.,  No.  1..410,  453 

Gordon  sand 280 

Gordon  sand  data,  Table, 

Stout  field 378 

Gordon  Stray  sand 279 

Gore  Station  section 181 

Gore,  Howard,  No.  1 418,  504 

Gore  Heirs  coal  mine 233,  640 

Grafton  sandstone 248 

Grangeville,  Coal  near 191 

Grant  Dist.,  Doddridge,  Area  of.  6 
Grant  Dist.,  Doddridge,  Min- 

able  coal 621 

Grant  Dist.,  Doddridge,  Pros- 
pective oil 350 

Grant  Dist.,  Doddridge,  sec- 
tions   74-79 


INDEX. 


?03 


Page 

Grant  Dist.,  Doddr’dge,  Well 

records  327-349 

Grant  Dist.,  Harrison,  Area  of.  11 
Grant  Dist.,  Harrison,  Minable 

coal  630 

Grant  Dist.,  Harrison,  Pros- 
pective oil 553 

Grant  Dist.,  Harrison,  Sec- 
tions   122-126 

Grant  Dist.,  Harrison,  Wells. 

538-554 

Graselli  Chemical  Co 18 

Grassland  sections 120,  235 

Gravels  651 

Graves,  Frank,  No.  1 412 

Gray,  David  W.,  Nos.  1 & 2 . . 

298,  373 

Gray,  W.  M.,  No.  1...107,  420,  516 

Gray,  W.  M.,  Coal  on 516,  640 

Greathouse,  A.  M.,  No.  1..300,  392 

Greenbrier  Dist.,  Area  of 6 

Greenbrier  Dist..  Minable  coal.  624 
Greenbrier  Dist.,  Prospective 

oil  405 

Greenbrieer  Dist.,  Sections  .87-89 
Greenbrier  Dist.,  Well  re- 
cords   396-405 

Greenbrier  limestone,  Acct. 

of  276 

Greenbrier  limestone,  Thick- 
ness of 130 

Greenwood,  Acct.  of 10 

Greenwood,  Coal  near 162 

Greenwood  section 80 

Gribble,  C.  S.,  No.  1..124,  424,  548 

Gribble,  G.  M 124 

Gribble,  J.  M.,  coal  mine 188 

Gribble,  John.  No.  1 300,  393 

Gribble,  John,  Nos.  2 & 3.... 

300,  391,  392 

Gribble  & Dufore  No.  1.  . . .296,  356 

Griffin,  B.  F.,  No.  1 416,  491 

Griffin,  Nancy,  No.  6 422  449 

Griffith,  W.  C.,  No.  1 ’.298 

Grimsley,  G.  P..169,  170,  176,  177, 
197,  643,  644,  647,  648,  652,  653 

Grove  section...^ 84 

Grove,  Coal  near 163 

Gunton,  W.  B.,  Coal  Co 

„ 564,  596,  637 

Gypsy,  Acct  of 28 

Gypsy  sections 181,  214 


H 


Haas,  Frank 615 

Hackers  creek 36,44 

Haggerty,  E.  L.  (Nancy),  No. 

„ 1 410,  448 

Hall,  H.  A.,  No.  1 416 

Hall,  J.  M.,  No.'  1 102,416,476 

Hall,  Mary,  No.  2 408,427 

Hall,  Omar  E.,  Nos.  1 & 3 


408,  431,  433 

Hall,  W.  L.,  No.  3 416,  47f> 

Hall,  W.  R.  G.,  No.  5 408,  431 

■Hamrrck,  S.  E.,  No.  1 

110,  422,  504,524 

Haney,  F.  M.,  No.  1 412,462 

Haney,  John,  No.  1 412,468 

Hansford,  S.  A.,  No.  1 298 

Harbert,  G.  E.,  No.  1 412,458 


Page 


Harbert,  Jesse  A.,  No.  1.  . .412,  463 
Harbert,  J.  A.,  No.  2142 ... 418,  495 

Harbert,  Luther,  No.  1 

.420,  508,509 


Harbert,  Noah,  No.  1 410 

Harbert,  Thos.  E.,  No.  1 418 

Harbert,  W.  B.,  No.  607 290 

Hardesty,  G.  L.,  No.  7 420,  514 

Hardesty,  R.  R.,  No.  1 


287,  420,  511 


Hardesty,  Wm.,  No.  1 416 

Hardman,  H.  H.,  No.  1 292 


Hardman,  O.  W.  O.,  No.  25... 
292,  325 


Hardman,  O.  W.  O.,  No.  54... 

292,  326 

Hardman  oil  pool 285 

Hardway,  Austin,  No.  1 414 

Hardway,  John  H.,  No.  1 


424,  544 

Harker,  Robt.,  No.  1 296,  353 

Harlem  coal 256-261,617-618 

Harris,  Dan  H.,  Nos.  2 & 3.. 

298,365 

Harris,  Gary,  coal  mine.  . .209,  633 

Harris,  John,  No.  1 298,  365 

Harris  oil  pool 286 

Harrison  County: 

Area  by  districts 11 

Coal  production  of 561-564 

Description  of 10 

Elevation  of 11 

Population  of 11 

Products  of 12 

Towns  of 13,  31 

Valuation  of  property 12 

Well  records 406-559 

f Well  records,  Summarized.. 
406.-426 


Harrison  Co.  Coal  Co 

563,  593,636 

Harry  B.  C.  & C.  Co.  . .564,  609,  639 


Hart  Bros.  Machine  Co 18 

Hart,  Ira  18 

Hart,  J.  B 18 

Hartley  Heirs,  A.  W.,  No.  1 . . 


Hartley  Heirs,  A,  W.,  No.  3. 


Hastings  Run,  Coal  on 259 

Haught,  D.  M.,  No.  1 298,370 

Haught,  Eli,  No.  1 292 

Hawker,  Thos.,  No.  1 416 

Hawkins,  W.  B.  No.  3 292 

Haymond,  Henry 


4,  20,  24,  25,  26,  39 

Haymond,  Luther,  No.  1... 410,  452 
Haymond,  Luther,  No.  15.. 410,  453 
Haywood  Coal  Min.  Co 


563,  582,  634 


Hazel-Atlas  Glass  Co 16 

Herald,  John,  No.  1 408,436 

Heffner,  Harvey,  No.  2038.414,478 

Heldreth,  B.  F.,  No.  1 418,495 

Heldreth,  Benj.,  No.  1 408,442 

Heldreth,  Lemuel,  No.  1 418 

Heldreth,  Mary  E.,  No.  1..  408,  429 

Heldreth,  O.  E.,  No.  2 408,428 

Heldreth  section 69 


Helmick,  B.  D.,  No.  1476 ..  294,  338 
Henry,  Eugene,  coal  tests 298 


INDEX. 


704 


Page 

Hero  C.  & C.  Co 536,  590,  636 

Hess,  Isaac,  No.  1 416 

Hession,  John,  No.  1 294,349 

Hickman,  Lewis,  No.  1.... 302,  402 

Hickman,  Wm.,  No.  1 410 

High  Grade  Coal  Co. . .564,  572,  633 

Highways  4 

Hill,  S.  F.,  No.  1 290 

Hinkle,  Abe,  No.  1 302 

Historical  and  Industrial  de- 
velopment   1-32 

History  of  transportation 1 

Hite,  B.  H 565 

Hochstrasser,  P.  E 15 

Holston  silt  loam 691 

Holt,  J.  F.  (F.  M.),  No.  1 420 

Horner  Hdw.  Co.  No.  1.... 418,  501 

Horner,  Wm.  H.,  No.  1 424 

Hood  Bros.  No.  1 418 

Hoskinson,  Emma,  No.  2079 

(No.  1) 294,  331 

Hostetter  coal 148 

Howard,  C.  D 509 

Howe,  H.  C 663 

Hudson,  J.,  core  test 71,  290 

Hughes  River,  South  Fork  of. 

36,  46 

Hundred  coal 153 

Hundred  sandstone 153 

Huntington  silt  loam 689 

Hurst,  Andrew  (J.),  No.  1.300,  384 

Hustead,  H.  N.,  No.  1 418 

Hustead,  Ida  M.,  No.  1 418 

Huston,  H.  H.,  No.  1 410,448 

Hutchinson  Coal  Co.: 

Byron  mine 563,613,639 

Delta  mine 563,597,637 

Erie  mine 563,593,636 

Hutson,  Jamison,  No.  1 

138,  290,  317 

Hutson,  Perry,  No.  1 296 

I 

Ice,  Isaac,  No.  2 292 

Ideal  Window  Glass  Co 8 

Industrial  Home  for  Girls.. . .21-24 
Industrial  Home  Nos.  1 & 2. . . .412 

Industries  of  Clarksburg  15 

Industries  of  Salem  20 

Industries  of  West  Union 8 

Infancy  of  rivers 33 

Injun  oil  sand 277 

J 

Jack  Run  section 109 

Jackson,  Bart,  No.  1 424 

Jackson,  T.  M 3,122 

Jackson.  T.  M..  quarry 

195,  187,  652 

Jarvis  Heirs,  L.  D.t  No.  1.  .420,  521 
Jarvis,  Wm.,  No.  1 414 


Page 

Jarv’sville,  Acct.  of 31 

Jarvisville,  Limestone  near.. ..198 

Jarvisville  oil  pool 286 

Jett,  Lindsay,  No.  1 418 

Jewett,  C.  G 19 

Jewett,  E.  B 18 

Jimtown  32 

Jimtown,  Coal  near 205 

Johnson,  Miss  C.  N.,  No.  1.. 


Johnston,  J.  L 182,202 

Johntown,  Population  of 31 

Johnstown  section 128 

Jollytown  coal 152 

Jollytown  sandstone 151 

Jones,  C.  R 508 

Jones,  S.  O.,  No.  1 296 

Joseph,  Sydney,  Nos.  1 & 2.. 


Joy,  Coal  near 162 

K 

Katys  Lick  section 94 

keener  sand 277 

Kelley,  D.  A.,  No.  1 300,396 

Kelley,  Malissa,  No.  1 408,429 

Kelley,  G.  W.,  No.  1 410,  445 

Kelley,  Coal  near 191 

Kelly,  Limestone  near 194 

Kelly  section 83 

Kennedy,  W.  G.,  No.  1 .424,  546 

Kester,  Chas  18 

Kester,  L.  O.,  No.  1 294,336 

Kester,  W.  G.,  No.  1 422,529 

Kile,  Virginia  B.,  No.  1 418 

Kincheloe  creek 36,41 

Kiirk,  Ellen,  No.  1 294,348 

Kittanning  Coal,  Upper ....  619-620 

Knapp,  F.  M 657 

Knight,  Henry,  No.  1 292,329 

Koblegard,  R.  R 17 

Krak,  J.  B 565 

Krenn,  Joseph,  No.  (3?) . . . 300,  385 


Kroger  Gale  Coal  Co .. 564,  572,  633 
Kyle,  Luther  E.„  No.  1 290,308 

L 

Lafayette  Window  Glass  Co....  16 

Lambert,  W.  C.,  No.  1 408 

Lambert  Run  Coal  Co 

563,  591,636 

Lancaster,  Geo.,  No.  1 422,536 

Lang,  Hampton,  No.  1 422,  535 

Lang  and  Cornell,  Coal  on 258 

Lange  & Crist  B.  & L.  Co 19 

Langfitt,  Silas,  No.  1 292 

Langfitt,  Silas,  Nos.  4 & 7.292,  324 

Langfitt,  S.  W 659 

Lanham,  Chas.,  No.  1 (Kinch).412 
Lanham,  Chas.,  No.  1 (South 

Penn)  412,  464 

Lanham,  L.,  No.  1 414 


INDEX. 


705 


Page 

Late,  G.  B 27,  237 

W.  J 661 


A.  D.,  No.  6 302,  405 

298 


Latimer, 

Lawson, 

Leach,  F.  A.,  No.  1. 

Lee  Brick  plant 649 

Lesley,  J P 216 

Levels  on  B.  & O.  R.  R.: 

Grafton  and  Parkersburg 

Branch  696 

Monongahela  River  Branch..  696 
W.  Va.  and  Pittsburgh 

Branch 697 

W.  Va.  Shortline  Branch  ....  697 
Lewis  (Lynch  Mines)  section.  .230 

Lewis,  John,  coal  mine 209 

Lewis,  L.  Nathan,  No.  1 424 

Lewis,  Samuel,  coal  mine 208 

Lewis,  V.  A 7,10,14,20 

L;fe  period  '.  Land  and  streams. 33 

Limestones  for  roads 650 

Little  Clarksburg  coal 231 

Little  Dunkard  sand 273 

Little  Pittsburgh  coal 227 

Little  Tenmile  creek  section ...  232 

Little  Washington  coal 170 

Little  Waynesburg  coal 186 

Location,  Doddridge-Harrison 

Area  1 

Lodge,  Morgan  R.,  No.  1..  422,  531 
Lodge,  Morgan  R.,  No.  2,.  422,  532 


Long,  C.  M.,  No.  1 

422 

Long,  Frank,  No.  1.... 

422 

Long,  L.  L.,  No.  1 

. . .422,  537 

Long  Run,  Coal  near.  . . 

162 

Long  Run  oil  pool 

286 

Long  Run  section  

77 

Lost  Creek,  Coal  at.  . . . 

Lost  Creek  Sta.,  Acct.  of 30 

Lost  Creek,  Meteorological 

data  662-666 

Lost  Creek  sect  ons ...  124,  211,  223 

Lost  Creek  36,  43 

Loudin,  L.  R.,  coal  mine.  . .207,  633 

Lough,  J.,  No.  1 410,452 

Lower  Carbonife  us  rocks 69 

Thickness  of 130 

Lower  Marietta  sandstone 156 

Lower  Pittsburgh  limestone ...  228 
Lower  Pittsburgh  sandstone.  ..224 
Lower  Sewickley  sandstone...  .201 

Lower  Uniontown  coal 195 

Lower  Washington  limestone ..  156 

Lowndes  & Hart  No.  11 292 

Lowther,  Haymond,  coal  mine. 163 

Lucas  Bros.  No.  1 418,  507,  508 

Lucas  Bros.  No.  4 418,  508,  509 

Lumberport,  Acct.  of 26 

Lumberport  sections  106,233 

Lumberport  Steam  Coal  Co.  . 

564,  589,635 

Lynch,  Hiram,  Nos.  3,  14  & 44.412 

Lynch,  Population  of 32 

Lynch  Mines  (Lew's)  section.. 230 


Page 

Lyons  No.  1 422,526 

Lyons  Heirs,  Jame5,  No.  1....418 

Lyons,  Emma,  No.  1 420 

Lyons,  Sylvester,  No.  1 418 


M 


Madeira-Hill-Clark  Coal  Co.: 

Goff  mine 564,601,638 

New  Chieftain  mine. 564,  598,  637 

Randolph  mine 564,598,637 

Waldo  mine 564,600,638 

Mahoning  sandstone 269 

Maken,  Population  of 32 

Mannington  sandstone 170 

Mapletown  coal 200 

Margaret  section 141 

Marietta  river  35,47 

Marietta  sandstone,  Lower  ...156 
Mar’et  sandstone,  Middle  ...155 
Marietta  indstone,  Upper  ....153 
Marion  Gas  ’oal  Co.  . .564,  578,  633 

Market,  Coal  ^ar 163 

Marquard,  H.  L 19 

Marsh,  E.  J.,  No.  1 416 

Marsh,  I.  L.,  No.  1 . . . .90,  410,  445 

Marshall  Coal  Co 564,611,639 

Marshville,  Limestone  net  : . ...198 

Martin,  Geo.,  No.  1 ....420 

Martin,  G.  C.,  No.  1 256 

Martin,  Hugh,  No.  1 

Martin,  Jennie  (G.  M.),  No.  1. 

418,  496 

Martin,  L.  A.,  No.  1 416 

Martin,  O,  C.,  No.  1 418 

Martin,  T B.,  No.  3 420 

tylarts,  Moh’e,  No.  1 416 

Mason,  A.  P.,  No.  1 416 

Mason,  Effie  M.,  No.  1 418 

Mason,  John  R.,  No.  1 416 

Mason,  W.  P.,  No.  1 416 

Mason,  W.  P.,  c<  c est 416 

Mathers,  Ben,  No.  1 418,502 

Mathews,  Caroline,  No.  1.... 

106,  418,  502 

Mathey,  A.,  No.  3 414,475 

Mathey,  A.,  No.  6 416,475 

Maturity  of  rivers 33 

Mauch  Chunk  series,  Thick- 
ness   130 

May,  C.  W 5 

Maxton  sand 275 

Maxwell,  Edw.  (Haymond), 

No.  1 414,  477 

Maxwell  Heirs,  Frank,  No.  1..296 
Maxwell  Heirs  No.  1. . . 88,  302,  400 

Maxwell,  Isaac,  Coal  on 

260,  261,  640 

Maxwell,  James,  No.  1 300,383 

Maxwell,  J.  B.,  Nos.  1 & 2. . . . 

300,  390 

Maxwell,  Lee,  No.  1 414 

Maxwell,  Leeman,  No.  1,,, 414,  471 


INDEX. 


7(H) 


Page 

Maxwell,  Leeman  214 

Maxwell,  Leeman,  Nos.  4 & 6 . 

296,  359 

Maxwell,  Lewis,  No.  2 (129)  .. 

294,  346 

Maxwell,  Lewis,  No.  8 (166)  . . 

296,  357 

Maxwell,  Lewis,  No.  1 (167).. 

296,  360 

Maxwell,  Lewis,  No.  1 (171).. 

296,  357 

Maxwell,  Lewis,  No.  1 (172)...  296 
Maxwell,  Lewis,  No.  2 (173)  . . 

296,  358 

Maxwell,  Lewis,  No.  1 (257).. 

300,  388 

Maxwell,  Porter,  Nos.  31  & 

34  300,389 

Maxwell,  Porter,  No,  1982.424,549 
Maxwell,  Porter,  No.  2039.424,550 
Maxwell,  W.  Brent,  No.  6.298,374 
Maxwell,  W.  B.,  Nos.  2 & 8.. 

298,  376 

Maxwell,  W.  B.,  No.  1.300,  386,  395 

Maxwell,  W.  B.,  No.  4 298,  377 

Maxwell,  W.  B,  No.  2005 

414,  477 

Meadowbrook,  Acct.  of 29 

Meek,  Ella,  No.  1 412 

Meeks,  Henry,  No  1 302 

Meeks,  J.  H.,  No.  1 302,  400 

Meigs  clay  loam 675 

Mercer  coal,  Lower  (?)....  516,  640 
Michael,  Harriet  A.,  No.  2342. 

418,  494 

Middle  Island  creek 36,44 

Middle  Marietta  sandstone 155 

Middle  Washington  limestone . .156 

Miletus  section 88 

Millan,  Geo.  W-.  No.  1 418,506 

Mineral,  Coal  near 212 

Mineral,  Population  of 31 

Mineral  section 183 

Modern  Window  Glass  Co 20 

Moffett,  G.  W.,  coal  mine  (West 

Milford  coal) 246,  640 

Moffett,  H.  G.  (No.  6) 302 

Moffett,  Rush,  No.  (1) 416 

Monongah  Fuel  Co  ....  579,  633-634 

Mohongahela  River  Branch 2 

Monongahela  Series,  Descrip- 
tion of 178-219 

Monongahela  Series,  General 

section  179 

Monongahela  Series.  Thick- 
ness   130 

Monroe  Colliery  Co 563 

Monticello  Brick  Co 241,647 

Monticello  Brick  Co.  No.  1 422 

Moon,  Elizabeth,  No.  1....  412,  457 

Moon,  Elizabeth,  No.  3 412 

Mooney,  C.  N 661 

Moore  (Hawker)  I.,  No.  1.. 416,  488 
Morgan,  Jas.,  No.  1 294 


Page 

Moore,  Chas.  T.,  coal  mine. 596,  637 


Morgansville  9 

Morgansville,  Coal  near 188 

Morgantown  sandstone 241 

Morris,  James  M.,  No.  2 410 

Morr's,  James,  No.  3 412,456 

Morris,  Loretta,  No.  1 416,489 

Morris,  T.  S.,  No.  1 412,464 

Morris,  Z.  W.,  No.  1 .416 

Moshannon  silt  loam 690 

Mottet,  Louis 20 

Moundsville  sand 174,273 

Mountain  State  Carbon  Co.  656,  659 

Mount  Clare,  Acct.  of 28 

Mowrey,  Wm.,  No.  1 302,404 

Mowrey,  Wm.,  No.  2 302,405 

Myers,  Stephen,  No.  1 416,475 

Me 

McAlpin,  Coal  near 233 

JMcBride  Lamp  Chimney  Co 21 

^IcBride,  Thos.  F 21 

McClain,  Geo.  (S.  L.),  No.  2.. 


McClain,  P.  B.,  No.  1 296,  352 

McClellan  District,  Area  of 6 

McClellan  D'strict,  Minable 

coal  621 

McClellan  District,  Prospec- 
tive oil 326 

McClellan  Di  trict,  Sections 

in  69-74 

McClellan  District,  Well  re- 
cords in 304-326 

McConkey,  Jacob,  No.  1 

104,  414,  481 

McCormick,  Harriet,  core  test.. 292 


.McDonald,  J.  H.,  coal  mine.... 577 


.McElroy  creek 36.  45 

McGeorge  quarry 652 


McIntyre,  James,  coal  mine.. 

211,  633 

McIntyre,  John  Q.,  No.  1..  420,  525 
iMcIntyre,  Lloyd,  No.  1....292,  326 
.McIntyre,  Margaret  (E.  R.) 


No.  2 408.  440 

McIntyre,  Stonewall,  No.  1....420 
McIntyre,  Z.  L„  No.  1 408,438 


McK’nley,  Thos.  J.,  Nos.  1 & 2.416 
McMillan,  C.  I.,  No.  1.294,331,334 
McMillan,  M.  A.,  Nos.  1 & 2.. 

294,  331,  334 

McMillan,  S.  B.,  No.  1.294,331,332 

McReynolds,  J.  D.„  No.  1 

75,  292,  328 

McReynolds,  J.  D.,  No.  4..  292,  328 


McReynolds,  J.  D,,  No.  17 292 

McReynolds,  John,  No.  1 292 

McWhorter,  Goff,  No.  1 424 


McWhorter,  W.  H.,  No.  3.-424,548 


INDEX. 


707 


N 


Page 


National  Carbon  Co 18 

National  Coal  Co 563,  587,  635 

Netzer,  Jacob,  No.  1 296,  360 

Newberry,  J S 256 

New  Milton,  Acct.  of 10 

New  Milton  District,  Area  of.... 6 
New  Milton  Dist.,  Msnable 

coal  623 

New  Milton  Dist.,  Prospective 

oil  395 

New  Milton  D’st.,  Section  ..85-86 

New  Milton  Dist , Well  re- 
cords   386-396 

New  Milton,  Coal  near 163 

New  Milton,  Limestone  near.  ..193 
Nicholson,  D.  H.,  No.  1..86,  300,394 
Nicholson,  D.  H.,  coal  mine.. 

165,  633 

Nicholson,  Nancy,  No.  1979.. 

^ 414,  479 

Nineveh  coal  ..147 

Nineveh  limestone  147 

Nineveh  sandstone  147 

Northwestern  turnpike 4 

Nose  of  anticlines 48 

Numan  section 78 

Nutter,  Eli,  No.  1 298,  374 

Nutter,  Granvile  S.,  No.  1932. 

298,  373 

Nutter,  Henry,  No.  1 416 

Nutter,  S.,  No.  1 414,  471 

Nuzum,  Geo.  P„  No.  1 410 

Nuzum,  John,  No.  1 422,532 

Nuzum,  Nimshi,  No.  1 420,517 

Nuzum,  Nimshi,  No.  4 420,516 

Nuzum,  Sanford,  No.  1 414 


O 


O’Connor,  Mary,  No.  1 294,348 

Offut,  Z.,  No.  1 294 

O’Gara  Coal  M.  Co 564,  597,  637 

Ogden,  Ellsworth,  No.  1 416 

Ogden,  Silas,  No.  1 420,521 

Ogden,  V.  B.,  No.  1 418,  502 

Ogden,  V.  B.,  No.  2 418,  503 

Oil  and  gas,  History  of 285 

Oil  and  gas  sands,  Interval  to 

Pittsburgh  coal 272 

Oil  and  gas  sands,  Table 271 

Oliphant,  F.  H 284 

Olive,  Coal  near 167 

Oral,  Population  of 32 

Oral  section 251 

Orr,  E.  D.,  No.  1 408,438 

Orr,  R.  M.,  coal  mine 161,633 

Orr,  R.  M„  No.  1 294,  341 

Orrowhood,  H.,  well 294,343 

Orton  250 


P 

Parr,  A.  D.,  No.  1 (Smith- 

Williams)  412,469 

Parrish,  F.  A.,  No.  3 408 


Page 

Parrish,  F.  J.,  Nos.  1 & 2 408 

Parrish,  S.  N.,  No.  2 408,435 

Patterson  No.  3 412,460 

Paugh,  Levi,  No.  1352 422,539 

Payne,  Genius,  Nos.  3 & 2.  . . . 


Payne,  G.,  No.  6 414,468 

Payne,  G.,  No.  10 414 

Peacock  Coal  Co 563,588,  635 

Pearcy,  C.  C.,  No.  1 300,  390 

Pearcy  Heirs,  L.  W.,  No.  1 . . 


Peerless  Carbon  Black  Co.. 656,  660 

Peerless  Window  Glass  Co 15 

Peneplain,  Evidences  of 33 

Peora,  Population  of 32 

Peora,  Coal  near 206 

jrPeora  section 213 

'•Permian  rocks 132 

Permo-Carboniferous  rocks.  . . .132 
Petroleum  and  Natural  gas, 

Chapter  on 270-559 

Phillips,  M.  A.,  No.  1 292 

Phillips  S.  & T.  P.  Co 17 

Physiography,  Chapter  on.  ...33-47 

Pigeon  Run  section 213 

Pigott,  Chas.,  core  test 296 

Pigott,  E.  L.,  No.  1.  ..  141,  408,  428 

Pigott,  Seth,  No.  1 410,442 

Pigott,  W.  Harrison,  No.  1 296 

Pine  Bluff  section  180 

Pine  Creek  limestone 268 

Piracy  of  streams 34 

Pitcairn  Coal  Co 564,  609,  639 

^Pittsburgh  coal...  .216-218,  573-577 


Pittsburgh  coal,  Amount  of.  . 

616-617 

Pittsburgh  coal,  Commercial 

mines  577 

Pittsburgh  coal,  Map  of 574 

Pittsburgh  coal,  Little  227 

Pittsburgh  limestone,  Lower.  ..228 
Pittsburgh  limestone,  Upper... 225 

Pittsburgh  red  shale 264 

Pittsburgh  river 35,47 

Pittsburgh  sandstone,  Lower  ..224 
Pittsburgh  sandstone,  Upper  ..216 
Pittsburgh-Washington  coal 

interval  51 

Platt,  Messrs 245 

Pocono  sandstones,  Thickness 

of  130 

Population: 

Doddridge  county .' 6,7 

Harrison  county 11,12 

Portage  Series,  Thickness  of...  130 
Porter,  Hattie,  No.  1..  .115,  422,  529 

Post,  Chas.,  No.  1 424 

Post,  Earl,  No.  1 414 

Post,  E.  W„  No.  1 424,557 

Post,  Jacob,  coal  mine 576,639 

Post,  W„W.,  No.  1 414 

Post,  Wirt,  No.  1 414 

Potteries  643-644 

Pottsville  Series,  Table 68 

Pottsville  Serie  , Thickness ....  130 
Powell  & Williams  No.  1..  294,  338 

Powell,  B.  C„  No.  1 298 

Powell,  H.  T„  No.  1467 294,337 

Powell,  Jame«,  No.  1 294 

Powell,  T.  W.,  No.  2012 337 

Pratt,  W.  W.,  No.  1 294 


INDEX. 


70S 


Page 

Precipitation  at  Central  Sta- 
tion   663,664 

Precipitation  at  Lost  Creek. . . 


Price,  Mary,  No.  1 424,  551 

Pritchard  No.  1 422 

Proctor  sandstones 143 

Prospective  Oil  and  Gas  Areas: 
Doddridge  County: 

Central  district 369 

Cove  district 385 

Grant  d'strict 350 

Greenbrier  district 405 

McClellan  district 326 

New  Milton  district 395 

Southwest  district 380 

West  Union  district 362 

Harrison  County: 

Clark  district 530 

Clay  district 522 

Coal  district 527 

Eagle  district 505 

Elk  district 559 

Grant  district 553 

Sardis  district 450-451 

Simpson  district 537 

Ten  Mile  district 473 

Union  district 483 

Q 

Queen,  J.  P.,  coal  mine 210 

Quiet  Dell,  Population  of 31 

Quiet  Dell  sections 117,252 

: R 

Radabaugh,  Rosa,  core  test.  . . .420 

Radford  Pottery  Co 19,  644 

Railroads,  Electric  3 

Railroads,  Steam 2 

Randolph,  A.  F.,  No.  1 300,388 

Randolph,  Franklin,  No.  1.300,388 
Randolph,  John  F..  No.  1..  412,  459 

Rastle,  John,  No.  2 300,  385 

Raven  Carbon  Co 657 

Rector,  J.  N.,  No.  1 424,545 

Redstone  coal  ....203-212,569-573 

Redstone  coal,  Map  of 570 

Redstone  coal,  Table  of  wells 

recording 204 

Redstone  limestone 212-216 

Reed,  R.  L.,  No.  1 109,  420,  519 

Reed  & Cox  No.  1 420 

Reed,  W.  B.,  No.  1 424 

Reger,  I.  S.,  No.  1 424,  558 

Reynolds,  B.  F.,  No.  2 422 

Reynolds,  Frank,  No.  1 418 

Reynolds,  Thos.,  No.  1....  422,  523 

Reynoldsville  mine. 597 

Rhodes,  Alonzo,  No.  1 412,469 

Rhodes,  Arthur,  No.  2 414,483 

Rhodes,  Chas.  W.,  No.  1 .« 414 

Riblett,  Daniel,  coal  mine 575 

Richard,  Joseph,  No.  1 302,  401 

Richards,  Geo.  T.,  No.  3...  302,  404 

Richards,  Geo.  T„  No.  3 88 

Riffee,  I.  N..  No.  1 290,318 

Riffee,  I.  N.,  No.  2 290,317 

Righter,  Abraham,  No.  1.. 420,  521 

Rinehart,  Geo.,  No  1 420 

Ritter,  Mary  E.<  No.  1 290 

TRitter.  O.  S.,  No.  1 408,436 


Page 

River  channels  40 

River  terraces 47 

Road  material 650-651 

Robey,  F.  L.,  No.  1 418,  500 

Robinson,  Alva,  No.  1 408,429 

Robinson,  C.  D.,  No.  2157 ..  418,  499 
Robinson,  Fletcher,  No.  1.. 418,  497 

Robinson,  Frederick,  No.  1 40S 

Robinson,  Isabel,  No,  1 420 

Robinson,  James  A.,  No.  1.  ...  .416 
Robinson,  O.,  No.  2159 ....  422,  449 
Robinson,  Wesley,  No.  5.  . .408,  434 

j ' Robinson  No.  1 95,412,468 

Robinson  Fork  oil  pool 286 

Robinson  syncline 61 

Rock  column,  Table  of 67-68 

Rockford,  Population 31 

Rockport  limestones 146 

Rock  Run  Carbon  Black  Co.  . . 


Rogers,  B.  F.,  No.  1788.  . . .418,  496 

Rogers,  B.  L.,  No.  2 408,  437 

Rogers,  E.  E.  S.,  No.  2140 . .410,  445 

Rogers,  H.  D 216 

Rogers,  H.  H 3 

Rogers,  John  G.,  No.  1....  410,  444 

Rogers,  Nancy,  No.  2 416 

Rogers,  R.  M.,  No.  2293 ...  418,  498 

Rogers,  T.  D.,  No.  1 410,452 

Rogers,  W.  A.,  No.  2 408,442 

Romines  Mills,  Population  of... 31 

Romines  Mills  section 126 

Rosebud  Fuel  Co 563,  589,  635 

Rosier  Heirs,  Jos.,  No.  1.  . .412,  456 

Rough  stony  land 692 

Roy,  Chas.  J.,  Coal  near 259 

Roy,  Chas.  J.,  No.  1 422,535 

Ruraldale  anticline 60 

Ruley,  F.  J.,  No.  1 296 

Ruppert,  Jacob,  No.  1 300,  383 

Rush,  Gordon,  No.  1 294,346 

Rush  Run  sandstone ...150 

Rusk,  W.  A.,  No.  1 416 

Russell,  E.  O 28 

Russell,  Geo,  No.  1 ...290 

Russell,  Hamilton,  No.  1 298 

Ryan,  Thos.,  No.  1 296 

Rymer,  John  W.,  No.  1 300,393 

S 

Sadler,  Jesse,  No.  1 302 

Sadler,  Minerva,  No.  1 300,397 

Sadler,  Susan,  No.  1 294,  340 

Saint  Clara  oil  pool 286 

Saint  Clara  section  85 

Salem,  Acct.  of 20 

Salem,  Glass  industries 20 

Salem  Cooperative  Window 

Glass  Co 20 

Salem  oil  pool 287 

Salem  section  95 

Salt  sand 275 

Saltsburg  sandstone 264 

Sandusky  clay  pit 644 

Sandusky,  Gideon 27 

Sandusky,  J.  B.,  core  te  t.  .422,  533 

Sandy,  Wm.,  Nos.  1 & 2 294 

Sapp,  E.  M.,  No.  1 420 

Sardis,  Acct.  of : 31 

Sardis  District,  Area  of 11 


Sardis  District,  Minable  coal... 625 


INDEX, 


•709 


Page 


Page 


Sardis  District,  Prospective  oil 

and  gas 450 

Sardis  District,  Sections  ....90-94 
Sardis  Distr;ct,  Well  records. 

426-451 

Schmidt,  John  H.,  No.  1...  300,  383 


School  house  lot  No.  1 298 

,Schuchert  and  Clark 122 

Scott,  Nancy,  No.  1 296 

Second  Cow  Run  sand 274 


Sections,  Geologic: 


^Ldamsville  107 

Adamston  117 

Alliance  141 

Ann  Run 222 

Ashley  136 

Beards  Run 223 

Benson  102 

Big  Battle , 74 

Big  Isaac 89,  140 

Boothsville  109 

Bridgeport  119,245,251 

Brown  90 

Brushy  Fork 208 

Byron  122 

Canton  75 

Cascara 137 

Centerpoint  72 

Central  Station 139 

Clarksburg  112,182 

Coldwater  86,  139 

Conemaugh  series 220 

Deweytown  97 

Dola  205,232 

Dunkard  series,  General 134 

Fonda  92,142 

Glen  Falls 227 

Goodhope  103,223 

Gore  Station 181 

Grassland  120,235 

Greenwood  80 

Grove  84 

Gypsy  181,214 

Heldreth 69 

Ja  ck  Run 109 

Johnstown  128 

Katys  LJck 94 

Kelly  83 

Lewis  (Lynch  Mines) 230 

Little  Tenmile  creek 232 

Long  Run 77 

Lost  Creek 124,211,223 

Lumberport 106,  233 

Margaret  141 

Miletus  88 

Mineral 183 

Numan  78 

Oral  Station 251 

Peora 213 

Pigeon  Run . 213 

Pine  Bluff 180 

Quiet  Dell 117,252 

Romines  Mills 126 

Saint  Clara 85 

Salem  95 

Sedalia  70 

Summers  82 

Tollgate 172 

West  Clarksburg 238 

West  Milford 100,246 

West  Union  79 


Wil  onburg  110,115 

Wolf  Summit 99 

Wyatt  105 

Sedalia  section  7 0 

Sedalia  gas  pool 286 

Sellers,  R.  E 657 

Seven  Day  Baptist  No.  1 

424,  540,  541 

Sewickley  coal 200 

Sewickley  limestone 202 

Sewickley  sandstone,  Lower. ...201 
Sewickley  sandstone,  Upper...  199 

Shahon,  H.  J.,  No.  1 .290 

Shaughnessy,  Patrick,  No.  1.. 


Shaw,  Dan’l  E.,  No.  1 416,  491 

Sheets,  O.  A.,  No.  1 294 

Sherwood,  Coal  near 189 

Sherwood,  G.  W 663,664 

Shewmaker,  John 656 

Shinn,  B.  W.,  No.  1 418 

Shinns  Run 36 

Shinnston,  Acct.  of 24 

Shinnston  Brick  Co 649 

Shinnton  oil  pool 287,  511 

Shinnston  syncline 63 

Short,  C.  A 649 

Short,  Chas.,  No.  1 418 

Short  Line  Coal  Co 564,  586,  635 

Shrader,  Chas.,  No.  1 294,333 

Sbriver,  Simon  S.,  No.  2... 416,  485 

Simpson  creek  36,41 

Simpson  Dist.,  Area  of 11 

Smpson  Dist.,  Minable  coal... 629 
Simpson  Dist.,  Prospective  oil. 537 
Simpson  Dist.,,  sections  ...118-122 


Simpson  Dist.,  Well  records.. 
531-538 


Sixth  sand 283 

Slusser,  Chas.,  No.  1 302 

Smith,  Allen  665,666 

Smith,  A.  A.,  No.  1 424,551 

Smith,  Blackburn,  No.  1 410 

Smith  Bros,  limestone  quarry.  239 

Smith,  Dick,  No.  1 422,527 

Smith,  E.  E.,  No.  1 290,  317 

Smith,  Ed.,  No.  1 296,361 

Smith,  Frank,  No.  1 294 

Smith,  Frank,  Nos.  1 & 2 296 

Smith  & Carr  No.  1 296,526 

Smith,  Harvey,  Nos.  1 & 2.296,  360 

Smith,  James,  No.  1 422 

Smith,  J.  B.,  qqarry .230,653 

Smith,  J.  L.,  No.  1 294 

Smith,  J.  Wesley,  No.  1 . . .296,  361 

Smith,  Martha  J.,  No.  1 294 

Smith,  Mordecai,  No.  1 420 

Smith,  M.  W.,  No.  1 414 

Smith  & Burns'de  No.  1 424 

Smith  & Robinson  No.  1 

70,  290,  305 

Smith,  Nancy,  No.  1. ..  290,  298,  310 

Smith,  Porter,  quarry 65.3 

Smith,  Temple,  No.  2107  ...  410,  444 

Smith,  Wm.,  No.  1 296 

Smith-Williams  (Parr)  No.  1 . 

412,  469 

Smithton,  Acct.  of * 9 

Smithton,  Limestone  near 193 

Snider,  Mary  V.,  No.  1462.  .294,  335 
Snodgra  s,  Emeline,  No.  1 ..292,  319 
Snowfall  at  Central  Station ....  664 


710 


INDEX. 


Page 

Snowfall  at  Lost  Creek ....  662,  666 
Soil  Survey,  Chapter  on.  . . .661-695 

SoJls 671-695 

Soils,  Area  of 675 

Soils,  Summary  of 692-695 

Somerville,  J.  T.,  No.  3 302,405 

South  & Cole.  No.  1 420 

Southern  Coal  & T.  Co 564 

Southern  Carbon  Co 657,659 

Southern,  G.  W.,  core  test 420 

Southern,  Samuel,  No.  1 420 

Southwest  Dist.,  Area  of 6 

Southwest  Dist.,  Minable  coal.  623 
Southwest  Dist.,  Prospective 

oil  380 

Southwest  Dist.,  sections  ...82-83 
Southwest  Dist.,  well  records. 

370-380 

Speechley  sand 284 

Sperry,  M.  B.,  No.  1 302 

Spraker,  E.  L 17 

Squaw  sand 277 

Star  Rig,  Reel  & Supply  Co 19 

Stark,  C.,  No.  1 292,317 

Stark,  S.  (C-),  No  6 290,316 

Stark,  Seymour,  No.  1 418,507 

Starkey,  C.  L.,  No.  1 ..  141,  414,  486 

Starkey,  Edith,  No.  1 414,  475 

Starkey  Enoch  (C.  L.),  No.  2. 

416,487 

Starkey,  Robt.,  No.  2 294 

Steam  railroads 2 

Steaming  tests  of  coal 605 

Steel  Heirs  No.  1 296 

Stevenson,  J.  J 145, 

147,  149,  151,  152,  156,  170,  202, 
212,  218,  229,  241,  248,  256,  265 

Stevens  Run,  Coal  on 260 

Stewart,  Chas.,  No.  7 292,328 

Stewart,  Henry,  No.  1 142,408 

Stewart  Heirs,  Jap,  No.  1.  .296,  256 
Stinespring,  W.  L.,  No.  i . . .298,  371 

Stout  oil  pool 286,  377,  378 

Stout,  Edith,  No.  1 300 

Stout,  John,  No.  2 408,431 

Stout,  J.  R.,  No.  1 119,422,535 

Stout,  L.  E.,  No.  1 414,467 

Stout,  Lloyd,  No.  1 424 

Stout,  Samuel,  No.  1 290 

Stout,  Strother,  No.  1 422,535 

Stout,  S.  W.,  Nos.  1,  2,  4 & 7. 

298  379 

Stout,”  S.”  W.,  Nos.  18  '&  i 9 . 2 9 8 ,'  380 

Stout,  Wm.,  Nos.  8 & 10 

298,  300,379,389 

Stout,  W.  Frank,  No.  1 422 

Stratified  rocks  67-68 

Stratified  rocks,  Thickness  of.  .130 
Stratigraphy,  Chapters  on...  67-269 

Stray  sand 279 

Streams,  Table  of 36 

Strike  of  rocks 48 

►Strother,  Thos.  J.,  No.  1 410 

iStrother,  W.  M.,  No.  1 410 

Structure,  Chapter  on 48-66 

Stuck,  L.  D„  No.  1 298,  367 

Sturms  Heirs,  J.  F.,  No.  1.418,  510 

•Stutler,  Harriet,  No.  1 414 

Stutler,  W.  A.,  coal  mine ..  189,  633 

Stutler,  W.  A.,  No.  1 294,345 

Sullivan  Heirs  No.  1 72,292 

Summers,  Coal  near 190 


Page 

Summers  section 82 

Sweeney,  Mahala,  No  1...  .292,  321 

Swiger,  A.  A.,  No.  1 410,449 

Swiger  Coal  Co 588,635 

Swiger,  Daniel,  No.  1 290 

Swiger,  D.  L.,  No.  1 2.90 

Swiger,  E.,  No.  2316  .......  420,  512 

Swiger,  F.  S.,  No.  1 290 

Swiger,  H E.,  No.  1 420 

Swiger,  J.  A.,  No.  1 .418 

Swiger,  J.  L.,  No.  1 410,  143 

Swiger,  Louisa.  C.,,  No.  1 410 

Swiger,  P.  E.,  No.  1 290 

Swiger,  Susan  P.,  core  test.... 292 

Swisher, Burgett  No.  1 424 

Swisher,  I.  M.,  No.  1 424,542 

Syncline  48 

Synclines,  Descript’on  of: 

Burchfield  60 

Grassland  65 

Robinson  61 

Shinnston  .63 


Talbott,  N.  M.,  well 422,  527 

Talkington,  Acena,  No.  1..  408,  430 
Talkington  Heirs,  Geo.,  No.  1. 

408,  438 

Talkington,  G.  W.,  No.  11.. 408,  433 
Talkington,  G.  W.,  Nos.  14  & 

15  408 

Talkington,  Jesse,  No.  1...  408,  430 

Talkington,  Jesse,  No.  3 408 

Tallman,  C.  C.,  No.  1 414,482 

Tate  Brothers  No.  1 294,  342 

Tate,  M.  W.  (Catherine),  No. 

1 290,312 

Tate,  M.  W.  (Catherine),  core 

test  290 

Tate,  S.  T.,  No.  1 290,  312 

Taylor,  Lee  No.  1 290 

Taylor  sandstone ...146 

Teets,  D.  D.,  Jr 578 

Tegard,  Morris,  No.  1 418 

Temperature,  Central  Station..  663 
Temperature,  Lost  Creek.  . 662,  665 

Tenmile  creek 36,41 

Tenmile  D’st.,  Area  of 11 

Tenmile  Dist.,  Minable  coal....  625 
Tenmile  Dist.,  Prospective  oil.  473 

Tenmile  Dist.  sections 94-99 

Tenmile  Dist.  well  records.. 

451-474 

Terraces  of  rivers 47 

Thickness  of  series 130 

Thirty-foot  sand. 279 

Thomas,  Joseph,  No.  1 290 

Thompson,  E.  W.,  No.  1...  420,  515 
Tichenall,  Moses,  No.  1. . . .420,  525 

Tollgate  section 172 

Topography  of  land 46 

Towles,  J.  H.,  No.  1 418,504 

Transportation,  History  of 1 

Traugh,  Martha,  No.  1 ,412,452 

Travis  Glass  Co 17 

Travis,  H.  E 17 

Tully  limestone 121 

Turnpikes: 

Clarksburg  and  Philippi 5 

Northwestern  4 

Shinn  ton  and  Middleboiirne.  . . 5 


I N'DEX. 


711 

Page 


Page 

Tuna  Glass  Co. 16 

"Tyler  silt  loam  688 

.Tyler  silt  loam,  Analysis  of...  689 

U 

.Underwood,  Elias,  core  test ....  290  t 
.Underwood,  Jacob,  No.  11.  .294,  330 
Underwood,  Joseph,  No.  1... 

. 292,  320  j 

Underwood,  Martin  V.,  No.  2. 

294,  332 

Un'on  Dist.,  Area  of 11 

Union  Dist.,  Minable  coal 627 

Union  Dist.,  Prospective  oil. ...483 

Union  Dist.  sections  97,103 

Union  Dist.  well  records .. 474-484  | 

Uniontown  coal  187,568-569 

Uniontown  coal,  Lower 195 

Uniontown  limestone 193 

Umontown  sandstone  186 

Upper  Carboniferous  rocks 68 

Upper  Carboniferous  rocks, 

Thickness  of 130 

Upper  Kittanning  coal 619-620 

Upper  Marietta  sandstone  .....  153 
Upper  Pittsburgh  limestone ...  225 
Upper  Pittsburgh  sandstone ...  216 
Upper  Sewickley  sandstone.  . . .199 
Upper  Washington  limestone ..  152 

Upshur  clay  678 

Upshur  silt  loam  679 

Upshur  silt  loam,  Analysis  of.  680 

V 


Varner,  A.  J.,  No.  8 .410,454 

Vincent  Coal  Co.  . .563,  608,  638-639 

Vincent,  S.  L.,  No.  5 420,513 

Va.-Md.  Coal  Corp 563,584,634 

W 

IVagner,  John,  quarry 231 

IVallace,  Acct.  of 29 

Walton,  W.  R„  coal  mine 163 

Wanstreet,  H.  H.,  No.  1...  298,  384 
Wanstreet,  John,  No.  1 . . . .298,  381 

Warner,  C.  H 28 

Washing  test  of  coal 609 

Washington  coal ..  157-168,  566-568 

Washington  Coal  Co 599,637 

Washington  “A”  coal 154 

Washington  coal,  Little 170 

Washington-Pittsburgh  coal 

interval 51 

Washington  Are  clay  shale.  ....  168 


Washington  limestone,  Lower  .156 
Washington  limestone,  Middle. 

156 

Washingtqn  limestone,  Upper  .152 

Washington  sandstone  169 

Water-ways  .• 1 

Watson,  Isaac,  No.  1 422 

Waugh,  L.  D.,  No.  1 302 

WTaynesburg  coal  184 

Waynesburg  coal,  Little 186 

Waynesburg  “A”  coal 171 

Waynesburg  “B”  coal 171 

Waynesburg  limestone  186 

Wraynesburg  sandstone  174 


Webb,  Eliza  J.#  Nos.  1 & 2.290,  316 


Well  records,  Summarized: 

Doddridge  county... 290-303 

Harrison  county 408-425 

West  Clarksburg  section 238 

West  Fork  Glass  Co 17 

West  Fork  river  1,  36 

West  Fork  river,  Channels  ....40 
West  Fork  river,  Tributaries  ..40 
West  Fork  river,  Discharge  ....38 
West  Fork  river,  Slackwater 


on  39 

West  Milford,  Acct  of 30 

West  Milford  coal  246 

West  Milford  coal,  Analysis 

of  640 

WTest  Milford  section  100,246 

Westmoreland  silty  clay  loam.  683 
Westmoreland  silty  clay  loam, 

Analysis  686 

West  Va.  Industrial  Home 21 

West  Va.  & Pittsburgh  Branch..  2 

West  Va.  Pottery  Co .27,  643 

West  Va.  Short  Line 3 

West  Union: 

Account  of 8 

Coal  near 188 

Industries  of 8 

Population  8 

Section  at 79 

West  Union  D;st.,  Area  of 6 

West  Union  Dist.,  Minable  coal. 
622 


West  Union  Dist.,  Prospective 


oil  362 

West  Union  Dist.,  Well  re- 
cords   350-362 

Whalen,  John,  core  test 294 

Whalen,  John,  No.  2., 294,344 

White,  Frank,  No.  1 424,  554 


White,  I C..  53,  71,  98,  132,  133,  143, 

144,  147,  155,  169,  171,  174,  176, 

186,  198,  199,  217,  218,  220,  225, 

231,  237,  248,  250,  267,  268,  269, 

285,  287 

Whiteman,  E.  J.,  No.  2....  420,  513 
Whiteman,  L.  S.,  No.  1....  410,  449 
Whiteman,  T.  P.,  No.  1.... 410,  447 


Wilcox,  N.  J.,  No.  1 294 

Williams,  D.  C.,  No.  120 422 

Williams,  F.  M 300,397 

Williams,  G.  W.,  No.  1 410 

Williams,  Harriet,  No.  1 .412 

Williams  Heirs  No.  1 302 

Williams,  Johnson,  No.  1 300 


Williams,  J.  W.,  Nos.  1 & 2.. 

410,452 

Williams,  J.  W.,  Nos.  6 & 8.... 410 


vv-iiiams,  ivx.  x i\u».  i,  a o. 

300,  398,399 

Williams,  Samuel,  No.  2 420 

Williams,  Thos.,  No.  1 412,455 

Williams,  W.  M„  No.  1 300,  382 

Williams,  Wilson,  No.  1...  412,  464 

Williamson  Heirs  No.  1 298 

Willis,  Jesse  H.,  No.  1 422 

Willis,  Jesse  H.,  No.  3 422,533 

Willis,  J.  H.,  No.  1 420,  532 

Wilson,  F.  L 19 

Wilson,  M.  H.,  No.  1 298,375 

Wilsonburg,  Acct.  of 28 

Wilsonburg,  Electric  line 3 

Wilsonburg  sections  110,115 


INDEX. 


712 


Page 

Windy  Gap  coal  144 

Windy  Gap  limestone  143 

Withers,  A.  S 13 

Wolf,  G.  W.,  No.  1 100,414,478 

Wolf  Summit,  Acct.  of 30 

Wolf  Summit  anticline  56 

Wolf  Sumnrt  section  99 

Woodfield-Sprout  No.  1.  . . .408,  435 

Wright,  Cl;nton,  No.  4 292 

Wright,  T.  S.,  No.  277 414 

Wyatt,  Population  of 31 

Wyatt  section 105 


’ Page 

Wyer,  Serena.  No.  1 416,488 

Wyvel,  Geo.,  No.  1 408,427 

Y 

Yeater,  M.  J„  No.  1 292,320 

Young,  Dorothy,  No.  1 414,470 

• Youth  of  rivers 33 

Z 

Zenor,  C.  P 8 


